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GuanineRNA, TransferGuanine NucleotidestRNA MethyltransferasesGuanine Nucleotide Exchange FactorsAnticodonRNA, Transfer, Amino Acid-SpecificRNA, Transfer, Amino AcylNucleic Acid ConformationGuanine DeaminaseBase SequenceRNA, Transfer, SerRNA, Transfer, PheMolecular Sequence DataAmino Acyl-tRNA SynthetasesGuanosine TriphosphateRNA, Transfer, TrpRNA, Transfer, MetRNA, Transfer, ArgEscherichia coliRNA, Transfer, GlyRNA, Transfer, IleRNA, Transfer, AlaRNA, Transfer, GluRNA, Transfer, AspRho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange FactorsRNA, Transfer, ValGuanosineGuanosine DiphosphateRNA, Transfer, GlnRNA, Transfer, ProRNA, BacterialRNA, Transfer, HisGTP-Binding Proteinsras Guanine Nucleotide Exchange FactorsKineticsCodonMutationRNA, Transfer, ThrSaccharomyces cerevisiaeAminoacylationGuanylyl ImidodiphosphateSerine-tRNA LigaseThiouridineRNA, Transfer, CysRNA, FungalBinding SitesAmino Acid SequenceGuanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)Nucleoside QRibosomesProtein BiosynthesisGuanosine MonophosphateModels, MolecularCytosinePeptide Elongation Factor TuSuppression, GeneticBase PairingAdenineDNAEndoribonucleasesRNA Processing, Post-TranscriptionalAspartate-tRNA LigaseRNAThionucleotidesSubstrate SpecificityGuanine Nucleotide Dissociation InhibitorsAcylationProtein BindingTyrosine-tRNA LigaseTranscription, GeneticGTP PhosphohydrolasesRNA, Transfer, AsnRNA, ArchaealCloning, MolecularGuanine Nucleotide-Releasing Factor 2PseudouridineADP-Ribosylation FactorsIsopentenyladenosineGlutamate-tRNA LigaseIsoleucine-tRNA LigaseHypoxanthine PhosphoribosyltransferaseRibonuclease PAlanine-tRNA LigasePentosyltransferasesPhenylalanine-tRNA LigaseRibonuclease T1AzaguanineRNA, RibosomalLysine-tRNA LigaseLeucine-tRNA LigaseBase CompositionProtein Structure, TertiaryUridineOligoribonucleotidesRNA Ligase (ATP)DNA AdductsVirulence Factors, BordetellaPlasmidsIMP Dehydrogenase
TransglycosylaseCytosineMRNARRNAMethyltransferase activityEnzymeMethylationSubunitCodonModificationAdenine and guanineSynthetaseMolecules1.228MethionineMetabolicRibosomeNucleotidesTranscriptionModificationsFunctionMoleculeInitiator methionyl-tRNANucleotide exchanRibosomeAnticodon of tRNAsEIF2Amino acidsMitochondrialSubstrate-tRNAGeneMethylatesProteinsComplexTranslationType
Transglycosylase3
  • The heterodimeric Zn 2+ containing enzyme tRNA-guanine transglycosylase (TGT) catalyzes the insertion of queuine into the above-named tRNAs in exchange for the genetically encoded guanine. (rcsb.org)
  • Azadyne's approach has shown striking efficacy in pre-clinical studies via the tRNA guanine transglycosylase (TGT) enzyme pathway against a range of autoimmune diseases without interfering with the body's immune system. (onenucleus.com)
  • namely tRNA guanine transglycosylase (TGT) an important protein in Shigella, membrane associated protein peroxin 14 (PEX14) of T. Brucei, and endothiapepsin (EP), to investigate whether different screening methods will reveal similar collections of putative binders. (uni-marburg.de)
Cytosine19
MRNA7
  • Transfer RNA (tRNA) is an adapter molecule that links a specific codon in mRNA with its corresponding amino acid during protein synthesis. (nature.com)
  • After the DNA has been turned into mRNA a process called translation occurs and it turns the mRNA into tRNA. (bartleby.com)
  • An anticodon is a trinucleotide sequence located at one end of a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule, which is complementary to a corresponding codon in a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence. (genome.gov)
  • Each time an amino acid is added to a growing polypeptide during protein synthesis, a tRNA anticodon pairs with its complementary codon on the mRNA molecule, ensuring that the appropriate amino acid is inserted into the polypeptide. (genome.gov)
  • These types of RNA are transfer RNA (tRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and messenger RNA (mRNA). (databasefootball.com)
  • In this video, we will learn how to describe the components that make up RNA molecules and differentiate between tRNA, mRNA, and rRNA. (nagwa.com)
  • Functionally, cells contain a variety of forms of RNA including: messenger RNA or mRNA, transfer RNA or tRNA, and ribosomal RNA or rRNA. (cdc.gov)
RRNA1
  • The remaining genes provide instructions for making molecules called transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), which are chemical cousins of DNA. (medlineplus.gov)
Methyltransferase activity1
  • Predicted to enable tRNA (guanine) methyltransferase activity. (nih.gov)
Enzyme6
  • In enzymology, a tRNA (guanine-N1-)-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.31) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing N1-methylguanine Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are S-adenosyl methionine and tRNA, whereas its two products are S-adenosylhomocysteine and tRNA containing N1-methylguanine. (wikipedia.org)
  • The systematic name of this enzyme class is S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA (guanine-N1-)-methyltransferase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ultimately, on the basis of available TGT crystal structures, we provide an entirely conclusive reaction mechanism for this enzyme, which in detail explains why the TGT-catalyzed insertion of some nucleobases into tRNA occurs reversibly while that of others is irreversible. (rcsb.org)
  • As a post-doctoral fellow in the laboratory of Eric Phizicky at the University of Rochester School of Medicine, she participated in identification of several previously undiscovered tRNA modification enzymes, including several that exhibit novel enzyme chemistry. (osu.edu)
  • The Jackman laboratory utilizes the principles and techniques of mechanistic enzymology and enzyme kinetics to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of tRNA processing enzymes. (osu.edu)
  • These same principles of mechanistic enzymology, in combination with the powerful approaches of yeast genetics and molecular biology, also allow the lab to investigate the biological function of enzymes in living cells, including a tRNA splicing enzyme and a tRNA methyltransferase whose biological roles in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are well-defined, but whose possible role(s) in other organisms remain a mystery. (osu.edu)
Methylation2
  • Predicted to be involved in tRNA methylation. (nih.gov)
  • Trm10 catalyzes the methylation of guanosine residues at position 9 of several tRNA species, a modification that is conserved throughout eukaryotic tRNAs (Jackman et al. (osu.edu)
Subunit1
  • In addition, we have investigated the importance of two residues of its non-catalytic subunit on dimer stability and determined the Michaelis-Menten parameters of murine TGT with respect to tRNA and several natural and artificial nucleobase substrates. (rcsb.org)
Codon3
  • A wide variety of tRNA modifications are found in the tRNA anticodon, which are crucial for precise codon recognition and reading frame maintenance, thereby ensuring accurate and efficient protein synthesis. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 7: Codon-specific translation control mediated by tRNA modifications in cancer. (nature.com)
  • Suzuki, T., Ueda, T. & Watanabe, K. The 'polysemous' codon-a codon with multiple amino acid assignment caused by dual specificity of tRNA identity. (nature.com)
Modification5
  • Over the past two decades, 16 novel tRNA modifications were discovered in various organisms, and the chemical space of tRNA modification continues to expand. (nature.com)
  • Dysregulation of tRNA modification is involved in mitochondrial diseases, neurological disorders and cancer. (nature.com)
  • Han, L. & Phizicky, E. M. A rationale for tRNA modification circuits in the anticodon loop. (nature.com)
  • Modification of guanine base can produce Xanthosine and 7-Methylguanosine. (notesbard.com)
  • Initial projects in the laboratory will focus on several recently-discovered tRNA modification enzymes. (osu.edu)
Adenine and guanine1
Synthetase2
  • 4560 valyl-tRNA synthetase CP001857 CDS Arcpr_0004 4868. (go.jp)
  • 55056) tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase CP001857 CDS Arcpr_0065 complement(55112. (go.jp)
Molecules1
1.2281
Methionine1
  • Other names in common use include transfer ribonucleate guanine 1-methyltransferase, tRNA guanine 1-methyltransferase, and S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA (guanine-1-N-)-methyltransferase. (wikipedia.org)
Metabolic1
Ribosome1
  • Ogle, J. M., Murphy, F. V., Tarry, M. J. & Ramakrishnan, V. Selection of tRNA by the ribosome requires a transition from an open to a closed form. (nature.com)
Nucleotides1
Transcription1
  • Strategies developed to inhibit TGT include potent active-site inhibitors to block the binding of tRNA, thereby preventing the transcription of the virulence factors. (uni-marburg.de)
Modifications4
  • Recent studies have revealed that tRNA modifications can be dynamically altered in response to levels of cellular metabolites and environmental stresses. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 2: Integrated view of human tRNA modifications. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 3: tRNA modifications discovered in the past two decades. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 4: Control of decoding by tRNA wobble modifications. (nature.com)
Function1
  • Fig. 1: Basic structure and function of tRNA. (nature.com)
Molecule6
  • The tRNA Val molecule is present only in cellular structures called mitochondria. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The tRNA Val molecule is involved in the assembly of proteins that carry out oxidative phosphorylation. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Based on a crystal structure of TGT with a tRNA-stem loop we suggested that TGT is active as a homo dimer and can bind one tRNA molecule for catalysis. (uni-marburg.de)
  • The obtained results confirmed that TGT is a homo dimer and binds one tRNA molecule. (uni-marburg.de)
  • covelantely attach the proper amino acid to a specific tRNA molecule by recognizing specific bases in the acceptor stem, anticodon stem, or anticodon of tRNAs. (flashcardmachine.com)
  • Thus, for instance, the tRNA molecule for the amino acid alanine has an area or binding site for alanine and another binding site for the three RNA nucleotides, the codon, for alanine. (sciencing.com)
Initiator methionyl-tRNA1
  • This event is obligatory for eIF2 to bind initiator methionyl-tRNA, forming the ternary initiation complex. (nih.gov)
Nucleotide exchan1
  • TC abundance is reduced in starved cells by phosphorylation of eIF2α by Gcn2, converting eIF2 from substrate to inhibitor of its guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) eIF2B. (nih.gov)
Ribosome5
  • Post-transcriptional modifications of anticodon loop (ACL) nucleotides impact tRNA structure, affinity for the ribosome, and decoding activity, and these activities can be fine-tuned by interactions between nucleobases on either side of the anticodon. (nih.gov)
  • tRNA is responsible for selecting the proper amino acid to deliver to the ribosome inside of a cell. (study.com)
  • The E.coli ribosome has how many binding sites for tRNA? (flashcardmachine.com)
  • This nucleotide exchange reaction is an important a general translation IF in yeast cells by promoting the control point of translation and phosphorylation of the recruitment of Met-tRNA Met i to the ribosome. (nih.gov)
  • We uncovered the functions of ABCE proteins Rli1/ABCE1 and Arb1 in PIC assembly and ribosome biogenesis, and identified the tRNA methyltransferase Gcd10/Gcd14, which contributed to the discovery of the TRAMP-mediated RNA surveillance pathway. (nih.gov)
Anticodon of tRNAs1
  • This is the first step in the biosynthesis of wybutosine (yW), a modified base adjacent to the anticodon of tRNAs and required for accurate decoding. (nih.gov)
EIF22
  • In the present article, we review data from studies of representative G-protein-GEF pairs and compare these with observations from our research on eIF2 and eIF2B to propose a model for how interactions between eIF2B and eIF2 promote guanine nucleotide exchange. (portlandpress.com)
  • We also made key contributions to identifying the eIF2α kinase Gcn2 and elucidating its regulation by amino acids, via allosteric control of kinase activity by uncharged tRNAs and Gcn2 regulatory domains, and by the TOR pathway through Gcn2-Ser577 phosphorylation. (nih.gov)
Amino acids1
Mitochondrial5
  • A third point mutation in the mitochondrial tRNA(Ile) gene associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and respiratory chain dysfunction in heart is reported. (nih.gov)
  • Childhood neurological presentation of a novel mitochondrial tRNA(Val) gene mutation. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Chalmers RM, Lamont PJ, Nelson I, Ellison DW, Thomas NH, Harding AE, Hammans SR. A mitochondrial DNA tRNA(Val) point mutation associated with adult-onset Leigh syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A mitochondrial tRNA(Val) gene mutation (G1642A) in a patient with mitochondrial myopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Involved in mitochondrial tRNA methylation (PubMed:26189817). (nih.gov)
Substrate-tRNA2
  • In addition, the constitution of the catalytic active complex of TGT and its substrate-tRNA was studied, applying site directed mutagenesis, kinetic measurements and nanoESI-MS experiments. (uni-marburg.de)
  • This tyrosine-flipping mechanism is uniquely found in P. aeruginosa TrmD and renders the enzyme inaccessible to the cofactor S -adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) and probably to the substrate tRNA. (rcsb.org)
Gene4
  • The MT-TV gene provides instructions for a specific form of transfer RNA that is designated as tRNA Val . (medlineplus.gov)
  • One of these mutations replaces the nucleotide guanine with the nucleotide adenine at gene position 1642 (written as G1642A). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Changes in the MT-TV gene may reduce the amount of tRNA Val available to assemble proteins within mitochondria. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A recently discovered ACL modification circuit involving positions 32, 34, and 37 is disrupted by a human disease-associated mutation to the gene encoding a tRNA modification enzyme. (nih.gov)
Methylates1
  • Specifically methylates the N1 position of guanosine-37 in various tRNAs. (nih.gov)
Proteins1
Complex1
  • These results indicated that yIF2 is a nary complex with GTP and Met-tRNA Met i and facilitates the binding of the Met-tRNA Met general translation factor in yeast. (nih.gov)
Translation1
  • 10. How many different amino acyl tRNA synthetase enzymes are required for translation? (quizbiology.com)
Type1
  • You can picture the second type, tRNA, as the delivery person in a large factory who fetches the proper item to fulfill an order. (study.com)