In the field of chemical biology, Hocek and his laboratories have developed a simple two-step synthesis of base-modified DNA through cross-coupling reactions of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) followed by polymerase incorporation. (wikipedia.org)
The methodology is widely used for enzymatic synthesis of DNA or RNA-bearing fluorescent, redox, or reactive labels, as well as for modulation of transcription. (wikipedia.org)
1993) Enzymatic RNA synthesis with deoxynucleoside 5'-O- (1-thiotriphosphates). (jenabioscience.com)
We report RNA-catalysed RNA synthesis on structured templates when using trinucleotide triphosphates (triplets) as substrates, catalysed by a general and accurate triplet polymerase ribozyme that emerged from in vitro evolution as a mutualistic RNA heterodimer. (elifesciences.org)
The process occurs via two methods, either by enzymatic synthesis or chemical phosphorylation. (excedr.com)
When in vitro DNA amplification or in vivo DNA synthesis occurs, two phosphate groups are removed for base incorporation in the new strand of nucleic acid. (excedr.com)
An exemplary method involves detection of single molecules of fluorescent labels released from a nucleic acid during synthesis of an oligonucleotide. (justia.com)
Copper enzymes are important in the Significance biosynthesis of natural products, hormones and neurotrans- mitters, proton pumping for adenosine triphosphate synthesis, The bioinorganic chemistry of copper is currently confined to a and the metabolism of iron and copper (1, 2). (docslib.org)
article{, title = {Comprehensive features of natural and in vitro selected GNRA tetraloop-binding receptors}, author = { C. Geary and S. Baudrey and L. Jaeger}, year = {2008}, date = {2008-01-01}, journal = {Nucleic Acids Res}, volume = {36}, number = {4}, pages = {1138-52}, abstract = {Specific recognitions of GNRA tetraloops by small helical receptors are among the most widespread long-range packing interactions in large ribozymes. (cnrs.fr)
Nucleoside5
Cross-coupling reactions of unprotected halopurine bases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleoside triphosphates with 4-boronophenylalanine in water. (wikipedia.org)
dGTP is a nucleoside triphosphate having extensive roles and uses in organisms and in vitro lab workflows. (excedr.com)
Our model correctly predicts for HIV-1 that resistance against nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) can be conferred by decreasing their incorporation rate, increasing their excision rate, or decreasing their affinity for the polymerase enzyme. (plos.org)
The effective HBV NRTIs are nucleoside or nucleotide analogs that can be phosphorylated to their diphosphate or triphosphate active forms by intracellular kinases. (biomedcentral.com)
Allows for incorporation of a halogenated nucleoside into oligonucleotides for crystallographic studies and crosslinking studies of protein-DNA and RNA-DNA complexes. (biosearchtech.com)
Acid9
Stability and mechanism of threose nucleic acid toward acid-mediated degradation. (uci.edu)
Shorter Is Better: The α-(l)-Threofuranosyl Nucleic Acid Modification Improves Stability, Potency, Safety, and Ago2 Binding and Mitigates Off-Target Effects of Small Interfering RNAs. (uci.edu)
Crystallographic analysis of engineered polymerases synthesizing phosphonomethylthreosyl nucleic acid. (uci.edu)
Nucleic acid-based aptamers were first described in 1990, where the first aptamers were in vitro selected using a random library of single-stranded oligonucleotides sequences [ 1 ] by a selection procedure known as systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). (encyclopedia.pub)
Moreover, introducing chemical modifications into nucleic acid libraries increases the interaction capabilities of aptamers and thereby their target spectrum [ 12 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
These same assays have also been leveraged for highly parallel quantitative investigations of the structure-function relationships of nucleic acid interactomes. (nature.com)
In an exemplary embodiment, the dye is linked to a polyphosphate nucleic acid through an adaptor. (justia.com)
The invention also relates to improved methods for sequencing and genotyping nucleic acid in a single molecule configuration. (justia.com)
Frequently used methods are based on, for example, antigen-antibody systems, nucleic acid hybridization techniques, and protein-ligand systems. (justia.com)
He is a currently a member of the Czech Chemical Society, the American Chemical Society, and the International Society for Nucleosides, Nucleotides, and Nucleic Acids. (wikipedia.org)
Hocek and his group have contributed significantly to organic chemistry and medicinal chemistry by developing methods to synthesize modified nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides, and nucleic acids through cross-coupling reactions and C-H activation. (wikipedia.org)
They compete with endogenous nucleotides (dNTP/NTP) for incorporation into nascent DNA/RNA and inhibit replication by preventing subsequent primer extension. (plos.org)
Thus, while inculcating the UBPs in a DNA structure, their aromatic scaffolds must exhibit hydrophobic packing and must have hydrogen bond donor groups for the artificial nucleotides to interact with polymerases for their efficient incorporation in the non-template strand to bind with their UB partner in template strand [1-3]. (fortuneonline.org)
Figure 1: Chemical structures of sugar modified nucleotides used in the aptamer generation resulting in increased nuclease resistance : 2'-fluorouridine-5'-triphosphate, 2'-aminouridine-5'-triphosphate, 2'-methoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate and 4'-thiouridine-5'-triphosphate, These are currently not available from Biosearch Technologies as stock items. (biosearchtech.com)
Polymerase chain re1
1988) Direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction amplified DNA fragments through the incorporation of deoxynucleoside alpha-thiotriphosphates. (jenabioscience.com)
DNTP3
Each TdT molecule is conjugated to a single deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) molecule that it can incorporate into a primer. (nature.com)
After incorporation of the tethered dNTP, the 3′ end of the primer remains covalently bound to TdT and is inaccessible to other TdT-dNTP molecules. (nature.com)
To distinguish between theories for how SAMHD1 restricts HIV-1 in differentiated but not cycling cells, we analysed the effects of substitutions at T592 on restriction and dNTP levels in both cycling and differentiated cells as well as tetramer stability and enzymatic activity in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
Deoxynucleoside1
Each of the deoxynucleoside triphosphates, including dGTP, forms a phosphodiester bond to form new strands of DNA, using DNA polymerase enzyme and energy. (excedr.com)
Polymerases1
Ribonucleotide incorporation by eukaryotic DNA polymerases occurs during every round of genome duplication and produces the most frequent type of naturally occurring DNA lesion. (bvsalud.org)
Phosphorylation1
HIV-1 is not restricted in cycling cells and it has been proposed that this is due to phosphorylation of SAMHD1 at T592 in these cells inactivating the enzymatic activity. (biomedcentral.com)
Excision1
We correctly predict that HIV-1 can develop resistance by decreasing NRTI incorporation rate, increasing its excision rate, or decreasing its affinity for the viral polymerase enzyme. (plos.org)
Oligonucleotide1
This approach may form the basis of an enzymatic oligonucleotide synthesizer. (nature.com)
Vitro1
Enzyme-based capping (top) is performed after in vitro transcription using 5′-triphosphate RNA, GTP, and S-adenosyl- methionine (SAM). (neb.com)
Metabolites1
Of particular value are methods for measuring small quantities of nucleic acids, peptides, saccharides, pharmaceuticals, metabolites, microorganisms and other materials of diagnostic value. (justia.com)
Guanine1
Deoxyguanosine triphosphate (dGTP) is a nucleotide with a purine base (guanine), deoxyribose sugar, and three phosphate groups. (excedr.com)
Chemical agents that increase the rate of genetic mutation by interfering with the function of nucleic acids. (lookformedical.com)
Occurs1
Ammonia incorporation in animals occurs through the actions of glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthase. (medmuv.com)
Sequence1
While neither mutation appears to alter the sequence specificity of polymerization, the N378K mutation stimulates polymerase activity, increasing the probability of incorporation and extension of a mismatch. (bvsalud.org)
Widely1
This enzymatic fluorescence labeling method is widely used for both FISH probes and microarray-based experiments. (aatbio.com)
Bind1
This compound and its metabolite 4-HYDROXYAMINOQUINOLINE-1-OXIDE bind to nucleic acids. (lookformedical.com)
Components1
Nucleic acids components and their analogues. (cas.cz)
Phosphate1
In the present study, we considered the simulation of the main metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, TCA cycle, pentose phosphate (PP) pathway, and the anapleorotic pathways using enzymatic reaction models of E. coli . (biomedcentral.com)
Replication1
and post-replication repair, in which the primary lesions are not repaired, but the gaps in one daughter duplex are filled in by incorporation of portions of the other (undamaged) daughter duplex. (lookformedical.com)
Methods1
The dye-modified deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphates (such as aminoallyl-dUTP) can be used to produce dye-containing DNA by conventional enzymatic incorporation methods such as reverse transcription, nick translation, random primed labeling, or PCR. (aatbio.com)
Activity1
The contribution of these clusters to enzymatic activity is not fully understood. (bvsalud.org)
Article1
In this article, we will cover the functions of dGTP, how it performs those functions, its structural characteristics, and how it is different from GTP (guanosine triphosphate). (excedr.com)
Research1
Nucleic Acids Research 35 (16): 5402-5408. (mdc-berlin.de)
Systems2
They include enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems which work synergistically to prevent harmful effects of the by-products from aerobic metabolism. (scialert.net)
Using a redox lipidomics approach, we have identified oxidatively-truncated PE species (trPEox) in enzymatic and non-enzymatic model systems. (cdc.gov)