• Xu C, Andre C, Fan J, Shanklin J (2016) Cellular Organization of Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis in Microalgae. (bnl.gov)
  • Oil biosynthesis in plant is a complicated process, more than 30 reactions are required to convert acetyl-CoA to triacylglycerol. (usda.gov)
  • The Acyl CoA:diacylglycerol (DGAT) is a membrane enzyme that catalyses the final step in TAG biosynthesis. (usda.gov)
  • Taken together, these data suggest that a broad specific DAG acyltransferase may be involved in the cutin as well as in the TAG biosynthesis by supplying hydroxy fatty acid. (iisc.ac.in)
  • Lehner R, Kuksis A: Biosynthesis of triacylglycerols. (smpdb.ca)
  • The glycerolipid biosynthetic or Kennedy pathway is responsible for the synthesis of triacylglycerol and phospholipids de novo . (aocs.org)
  • Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DGAT2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Inhibition of triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis via diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) antisense oligonucleotides improves liver steatosis (Yamaguchi et al. (webmedcentral.com)
  • PF-06424439 is an oral, potent and selective imidazopyridine diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 14 nM. (adooq.com)
  • SPRY4-IT1 knockdown increases the accumulation of lipin2 protein and upregulate the expression of diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) an enzyme involved in the conversion of DAG to triacylglycerol (TAG). (oncotarget.com)
  • The observation that mice lacking the enzyme sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase are protected from insulin resistance suggests the possibility that the regulation of TG synthesis be a target for therapy. (oregonstate.edu)
  • In biochemical signaling, diacylglycerol (DAG) functions as a second messenger signaling lipid , a resultant of a reaction conducted by enzyme phospholipase C (PLC) (a membrane -bound enzyme ) that, through the same reaction, produces inositol triphosphate (IP3). (wikidoc.org)
  • ACAT (acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase) is an intracellular enzyme that catalyzes the formation of cholesterol esters from cholesterol and fatty acyl-coenzyme A. In mammals, two isoenzymes, ACAT1 and ACAT2, encoded by two different genes, exist. (medchemexpress.cn)
  • DGAT (acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase) is an integral membrane enzyme that catalyses the last step of triacylglycerol synthesis from diacylglycerol and acyl-CoA. (medchemexpress.cn)
  • DGAT-1 is a key endoplasmic membrane-bound enzyme for triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis and LD formation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To investigate its function further, we affinity purified SPRY4-IT1 from melanoma cells and used mass spectrometry to identify the protein lipin 2, an enzyme that converts phosphatidate to diacylglycerol (DAG), as a major binding partner. (oncotarget.com)
  • Second, the mitochondrial outer membrane enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase esterifies an acyl-group to the sn-1 position of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate to form 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (lysophosphatidic acid or LPA). (smpdb.ca)
  • The enzyme 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase converts LPA into phosphatidic acid (1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate) by esterifying an acyl-group to the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone. (smpdb.ca)
  • Last, the enzyme diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase synthesizes triacylglycerol from diacylglycerol and a fatty acyl-CoA. (smpdb.ca)
  • hence, the enzyme was named EaDAcT (Euonymus alatus diacylglycerol acetyltransferase). (nih.gov)
  • LA offset the rise in blood and liver TG by inhibiting liver lipogenic gene expression (e.g. sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase-1 and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase-2), lowering hepatic TG secretion, and stimulating clearance of TG-rich lipoproteins. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Synthesis of diacylglycerol begins with glycerol-3-phosphate, which is derived primarily from dihydroxyacetone phosphate , a product of glycolysis (usually in the cytoplasm of liver or adipose tissue cells). (wikidoc.org)
  • The entire pathway for triacylglycerol synthesis consists of four enzymatic steps, which catalyze sequential reactions starting from sn -glycerol-3-phosphate and ending with triacylglycerol (TG) ( Fig. 1 ). (aocs.org)
  • This pathway begins with the acylation of glycerol-3-phosphate (G-3-P) by glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases (GPATs) at the sn -1 position followed by a second acylation of lysophosphatidate (LPA) at the sn -2 position by lysophosphatidate acyltransferases (LPAATs). (aocs.org)
  • Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT), an integral membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum, catalyses the final step in the sn-glycerol-3-phosphate pathway leading to triacylglycerol. (uleth.ca)
  • Phosphatidic acid is then de-phosphorylated to form diacylglycerol. (wikidoc.org)
  • Since diacylglycerol is synthesized via phosphatidic acid, it will usually contain a saturated fatty acid at the C-1 position on the glycerol moiety and an unsaturated fatty acid at the C-2 position. (wikidoc.org)
  • Furthermore, two intermediates in this pathway, phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol, serve as essential precursors for the synthesis of phospholipids. (aocs.org)
  • Phosphatidic acid is then de-phosphorylated to form diacylglycerol.Diacylglycerols are precursors to triacylglycerols (triglyceride), which are formed by the addition of a third fatty acid to the diacylglycerol under the catalysis of diglyceride acyltransferase. (hmdb.ca)
  • Since diacylglycerols are synthesized via phosphatidic acid, they will usually contain a saturated fatty acid at the C-1 position on the glycerol moiety and an unsaturated fatty acid at the C-2 position. (hmdb.ca)
  • Next, magnesium-dependent phosphatidate phosphatase catalyzes the conversion of phosphatidic acid into diacylglycerol. (smpdb.ca)
  • T863 is an orally active, selective and potent DGAT1 (Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1) inhibitor that interacts with the acyl-CoA binding site of DGAT1, and inhibits triacylglycerol synthesis in cells. (adooq.com)
  • PF-04620110 is an orally active, selective and potent diglyceride acyltransferase-1 (DGAT1) inhibitor with IC50 of 19 nM. (adooq.com)
  • Pradigastat (LCQ-908) is a diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) inhibitor. (adooq.com)
  • GSK2973980A is a potent and selective Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 3 nM. (adooq.com)
  • Additionally, co-infiltration of PaWRI2 with PaWRI1 and genes encoding for terminal step in TAG assembly, acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 ( DGAT1 ) and/or phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 ( PDAT1 ) also led to further increase in the lipid content and oleic acid levels in 'benth' leaves. (etsu.edu)
  • Xu C, Shanklin J (2016) Triacylglycerol Metabolism, Function, and Accumulation in Plant Vegetative Tissues. (bnl.gov)
  • The Acyltransferase family includes acyl-CoA:cholesterol AT (ACAT), diacylglycerol AT (DGAT), and monoacylglycerol AT (MGAT) for the metabolism of lipids. (medchemexpress.cn)
  • We examined whether peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) overexpression and a subsequent increase in mitochondrial content and function in rat primary hepatocytes (in vitro) and Sprague-Dawley rats (in vivo) would comprehensively alter mitochondrial lipid metabolism, including complete (CO(2)) and incomplete (acid-soluble metabolites) fatty acid oxidation (FAO), tricarboxylic acid cycle flux, and triacylglycerol (TAG) storage and export. (eurekamag.com)
  • Under conditions of sulfur deprivation, lipid accumulation was correlated with the transcriptomic induction of enzymes involved in sulfur metabolism, triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis, autophagy, and remodeling of light-harvesting complexes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Diacylglycerol is a precursor to triacylglycerol (triglyceride), which is formed in the addition of a third fatty acid to the diacylglycerol under the catalysis of diglyceride acyltransferase . (wikidoc.org)
  • Calcitriol reduced mRNA content of diglyceride acyltransferase and increased mRNA content of lipid packaging genes. (uky.edu)
  • Phosphatidate can be converted to CDP-diacylglycerol which is the precursor for the acidic phospholipids, phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin and phosphatidylinositol, or it can be converted to diacylglycerol (DG) by dephosphorylation. (aocs.org)
  • The phosphatidate formed is dephosphorylated by the PAP activity of the lipins and lastly diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGATs) act on diacylglycerol (DG) to form triacylglycerol (TG). (aocs.org)
  • PAP controls the balance between phosphatidate, which is needed for the synthesis of acidic phospholipids, and diacylglycerol, which is used to synthesize triacylglycerols, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, respectively [1]. (aocs.org)
  • Zhai Z, Liu H, Xu C, Shanklin J (2017) Sugar Potentiation of Fatty Acid and Triacylglycerol Accumulation. (bnl.gov)
  • Overexpression of At5g23940 in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae quadruple mutant deficient in DAG acyltransferases resulted in TAG accumulation. (iisc.ac.in)
  • Use of a high-salt culture medium induced accumulation of triacylglycerol (TAG) and enhanced the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) including arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in M. elongata. (nsf.gov)
  • Diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGATs) catalyze the final acylation of sn-1, 2-diacylglycerol (DAG) to form TAG, which is the last and limiting step in the acyl-CoA dependent TAG formation pathway [11]. (researchsquare.com)
  • MGAT (acyl-CoA:monoacylglycerol acyltransferase) catalyzes the synthesis of diacylglycerol, the precursor of physiologically important lipids such as triacylglycerol and phospholipids. (medchemexpress.cn)
  • Diacylglycerol is the direct precursor for the production of the zwitterionic phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine (Fig. 1 ). (aocs.org)
  • In the intestine, MGAT plays a major role in the absorption of dietary fat because resynthesis of triacylglycerol is required for the assembly of lipoproteins that transport absorbed fat to other tissues. (medchemexpress.cn)
  • A triglyceride (TG, triacylglycerol, TAG, or triacylglyceride) is an ester derived from glycerol and three fatty acids. (smpdb.ca)
  • The members of the monoacylglycerol acyltransferase (MOGAT) family are essential candidate genes that influence economic traits associated with triglyceride synthesis, dietary fat absorption, and storage in livestock. (copernicus.org)
  • Agarwal AK, Sukumaran S, Cortes VA, Tunison K, Mizrachi D, Sankella S, Gerard RD, Horton JD, Garg A: Human 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase isoforms 1 and 2: biochemical characterization and inability to rescue hepatic steatosis in Agpat2(-/-) gene lipodystrophic mice. (smpdb.ca)
  • Intramyocellular triacylglycerol (IMTG), diacylglycerol (DAG), and ceramide content were measured by LC/MS. Expression of genes involved in lipid packaging and lipolysis were measured by RT-PCR. (uky.edu)
  • An uncharacterized membrane-bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT) family member was the most abundant acyltransferase in the endosperm but was absent from the aril. (nih.gov)
  • Fan J, Yu L, Xu C (2017) A Central Role for Triacylglycerol in Membrane Lipid Breakdown, Fatty Acid β-Oxidation, and Plant Survival under Extended Darkness. (bnl.gov)
  • In silico analysis has revealed that the DCR (defective in cuticular ridges) (At5g23940) gene has a typical HX4D acyltransferase motif at the N-terminal end and a lipid binding motif VX(2)GF at the middle of the sequence. (iisc.ac.in)
  • When SPRY4-IT1 knockdown and control melanoma cells were subjected to shotgun lipidomics, an MS-based assay that permits the quantification of changes in the cellular lipid profile, we found that SPRY4-IT1 knockdown induced significant changes in a number of lipid species, including increased acyl carnitine, fatty acyl chains, and triacylglycerol (TAG). (oncotarget.com)
  • This gene encodes one of two enzymes which catalyzes the final reaction in the synthesis of triglycerides in which diacylglycerol is covalently bound to long chain fatty acyl-CoAs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Acyltransferase (AT) catalyzes the transfer of an acyl moiety from acyl-coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) to an acceptor. (medchemexpress.cn)
  • Catalyzes the terminal and only committed step in triacylglycerol synthesis by using diacylglycerol and fatty acyl CoA as substrates. (ymdb.ca)
  • Plants synthesize and store oil mostly as triacylglycerols (TAG) in seeds that is transcriptionally controlled by WRINKLED 1 (WRI1), an APETALA2 (AP2) transcription factor. (etsu.edu)
  • A key step in the triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthetic pathway is the final acylation of diacylglycerol (DAG) by DAG acyltransferase. (iisc.ac.in)
  • Knowledge about the regulation of carbon allocation into oil (triacylglycerol) in plant storage tissue can be of great economic and environmental importance for developing new high-yielding oil crops. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Shown on the right is 1- palmitoyl -2- oleoyl - glycerol but diacylglycerol can have many different combinations of fatty acids attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. (wikidoc.org)
  • Diacylglycerols can have many different combinations of fatty acids attached at both the C-1 and C-2 positions. (hmdb.ca)
  • Elevated blood triacylglycerol (TG) is a significant contributing factor to the current epidemic of obesity-related health disorders, including type-2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disease. (oregonstate.edu)
  • A diglyceride , more correctly known as a diacylglycerol , is a glyceride consisting of two fatty acid chains covalently bonded to a glycerol molecule through ester linkages. (wikidoc.org)
  • Triacylglycerol (TAG) is the principal energy storage form in eukaryotic organisms and represents a promising source of biodiesel production [1]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Xu C, Fan J, Shanklin J (2020) Metabolic and functional connections between cytoplasmic and chloroplast triacylglycerol storage. (bnl.gov)
  • Yeast microsomes expressing EaDAcT possessed acetyl-CoA diacylglycerol acetyltransferase activity but lacked long-chain acyl-CoA diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity. (nih.gov)
  • Triacylglycerol lipase-like subfamily of the SGNH hydrolases, a diverse family of lipases and esterases. (unl.edu)
  • In contrast, the aril tissue surrounding the seed produces long-chain triacylglycerols (lcTAGs) typical of most other organisms. (nih.gov)
  • A 922500 is a diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT-1) inhibitor (IC50 values are 7 and 24 nM at human and mouse DGAT-1 respectively). (adooq.com)
  • AZD3988 is a diacylglycerol acyl transferase-1 (DGAT-1) inhibitor with IC50s of 6, 5, 11 nM for human, rat, mouse, respectively. (adooq.com)
  • Acyltransferases play important roles in the maintenance of homeostasis in the human body and have been linked to various diseases. (medchemexpress.cn)
  • Genetic engineering N. oceanica for higher TAG content in nutrient-replete medium was accomplished by overexpressing DGTT5, a gene encoding the type II acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 5. (nsf.gov)