• Several mechanisms of resistance have been identified, including mutations that block the incorporation of nucleosides, a class of HIV drug, into the viral DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Using HIV-1 as a model system, we optimized and validated PANDAA to detect HIV drug resistance mutations (DRMs). (nature.com)
  • These mutations can give the cell the ability to withstand further treatment with that drug. (atcc.org)
  • In addition to acquiring somatic mutations associated with drug resistance, cancer cells may alter cell signaling pathway feedback loops or bypass certain drug target signaling pathways through epigenetic alterations to maintain activation of key cell proliferation and survival signals. (atcc.org)
  • However, higher fractions and levels of RNA were found in cells with proviruses containing multiple drug resistance mutations, including those contributing to rebound viremia. (frontiersin.org)
  • Multiple, linked human immunodeficiency virus type 1 drug resistance mutations in treatment-experienced patients are missed by standard genotype analysis. (scienceopen.com)
  • To investigate the extent to which drug resistance mutations are missed by standard genotyping methods, we analyzed the same plasma samples from 26 patients with suspected multidrug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by using a newly developed single-genome sequencing technique and compared it to standard genotype analysis. (scienceopen.com)
  • In addition to the ability to acquire new resistance through the acquisition of chromosomal mutations, Mtb has a variety of intrinsic resistance mechanisms that allow active neutralization of antibiotic actions. (benthamscience.com)
  • Mtb, acquired drug resistance is caused by spontaneous random mutations in chromosomal genes, facilitating the selection of resistant strains during sub-optimal drug therapy. (benthamscience.com)
  • Clinically, drug resistance in Mtb represents the selection of random genetic mutations, not a change caused by exposure to the medication. (benthamscience.com)
  • However, the cost of resistance can be mitigated by compensatory mutations elsewhere in the genome, and therefore the loss of resistance may proceed too slowly to be of practical importance. (elifesciences.org)
  • We present our study on the efficacy and phenotypic impact of compensatory evolution in Escherichia coli strains carrying multiple resistance mutations. (elifesciences.org)
  • The extent of resistance loss was found to be generally antibiotic-specific, driven by mutations that reduce both resistance level and fitness costs of antibiotic-resistance mutations. (elifesciences.org)
  • We conclude that phenotypic reversion to the antibiotic-sensitive state can be mediated by the acquisition of additional mutations, while maintaining the original resistance mutations. (elifesciences.org)
  • However, in other cases, such deleterious side effects of resistance mutations are undetectable, and resistance can even confer benefits in specific, antibiotic-free environmental settings ( Maharjan and Ferenci, 2017 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • It is frequently assumed that such compensatory mutations mitigate the fitness costs of resistance mutations without affecting the level of resistance. (elifesciences.org)
  • As the range of targets for compensation is much broader, compensatory mutations are more likely than the reversion of resistance mutations. (elifesciences.org)
  • If compensatory mutations are indeed widespread, pathogens can reach both high level of resistance and high fitness. (elifesciences.org)
  • image: From left: Samuel Brady, Ph.D., and Jinghui Zhang, Ph.D., chair, both of Computational Biology, contributed to research that provides the first direct genomic and experimental evidence in pediatric cancer that drug-resistant mutations can be induced by chemotherapy. (sciencecodex.com)
  • Now, researchers working in the U.S., Germany and China have shown how chemotherapy drugs called thiopurines can lead to mutations that set patients up for relapse. (sciencecodex.com)
  • The research provides the first direct genomic and experimental evidence in pediatric cancer that drug-resistant mutations can be induced by chemotherapy and are not always present at diagnosis. (sciencecodex.com)
  • Working in two cell lines in the laboratory, Zhou and his colleagues replicated the thiopurine-induced TP53 mutations and chemotherapy resistance. (sciencecodex.com)
  • The research provided the first direct genomic and experimental evidence of chemotherapy-induced drug resistance mutations. (sciencecodex.com)
  • This study not only changes our ALL treatment considerations, but also opens the door to study mechanistically how defective repair generates drug-resistant mutations," Zhou said. (sciencecodex.com)
  • Researchers estimate that treatment-induced mutations play a role in 25% of pediatric ALL relapse. (sciencecodex.com)
  • But the researchers stressed that the benefits of thiopurine treatment outweigh the risks, noting that most patients are unaffected by thiopurine-induced mutations. (sciencecodex.com)
  • The evaluation has included a focus on the presence of F13L mutations that might indicate tecovirimat resistance. (cdc.gov)
  • Resistance appears because of the mutations that take place spontaneously in any group of growing microorganisms or cells, whether exposed to drugs or not. (msdmanuals.com)
  • But some mutations change the parts of the microorganism or cell that are affected by drugs, decreasing the drug's ability to work (that is, causing resistance). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Pre-treatment reverse transcriptase inhibitor (RTI), PI and integrase inhibitor (INSTI) mutations were assessed using the Stanford HIVDR database. (lu.se)
  • Additionally, 32 clusters with shared pre-treatment HIVDR mutations were identified. (lu.se)
  • Introduction of INSTIs after 2017 may have abrogated the increase in pre-treatment RTI mutations, albeit in the HET population only. (lu.se)
  • Overall, there has been declining success in treating ​H pylori owing to multiple factors, including antibiotic resistance, complex drug regimens, and issues with adherence. (medscape.com)
  • Antibiotic-resistance means that the drug is not able to kill the disease-causing organisms. (amsterdammarijuanaseeds.com)
  • These detailed scientific findings are limelight to the threat posed by antibiotic resistance in treating multiple diseases and infections. (amsterdammarijuanaseeds.com)
  • Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem with increasing rates of multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). (aids.org.za)
  • Not only could we distinguish different MRSA strains in the hospital, we were also able to rapidly characterise antibiotic resistance and toxin genes present in the clinical isolates. (sanger.ac.uk)
  • The team constructed a list of all the MRSA genes that cause antibiotic resistance. (sanger.ac.uk)
  • Antibiotic resistance typically induces a fitness cost that shapes the fate of antibiotic-resistant bacterial populations. (elifesciences.org)
  • Treatment is usually with penicillinase-resistant beta-lactams, but because antibiotic resistance is common, vancomycin or other newer antibiotics may be required. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Coagulase-positive S. aureus is among the most ubiquitous and dangerous human pathogens, for both its virulence and its ability to develop antibiotic resistance. (merckmanuals.com)
  • It is urgently necessary to create new and efficient medicines to combat multidrug-resistant bacterial (MDR) infections because of the increasing threat of antibiotic resistance on a worldwide scale. (bvsalud.org)
  • The Peruvian National Tuberculosis Control Program incidence of MDR TB disease was estimated to be 0.5 issued guidelines in 2006 specifying criteria for culture and million in 2007, with a prevalence of as many as 2 million drug-susceptibility testing (DST), including district-level rapid cases worldwide ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • This Statement is one of a series of four Statements on diagnosis, treatment, and control of tuberculosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Multiple-drug-resistant tuberculosis (i.e., resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampin) presents difficult treatment problems. (cdc.gov)
  • Extrapulmonary tuberculosis should be managed according to the principles and with the drug regimens outlined for pulmonary tuberculosis, except for children who have miliary tuberculosis, bone/joint tuberculosis, or tuberculous meningitis who should receive a minimum of 12 mo of therapy. (cdc.gov)
  • A 4-mo regimen of isoniazid and rifampin is acceptable therapy for adults who have active tuberculosis and who are sputum-smear and culture negative, if there is little possibility of drug resistance (see Section 1 above). (cdc.gov)
  • This study aimed to describe the clinical, microbiological, molecular epidemiology and treatment of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) cases in the UK and to determine factors associated with survival. (bmj.com)
  • The most difficult clinical cases are caused by multiple drug resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) defined as resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampicin. (bmj.com)
  • Current anti-tuberculosis (TB) drug regimens face serious limitations at times of increasing antimicrobial drug resistance. (europa.eu)
  • The Xpert MTB/RIF test enables rapid detection of tuberculosis (TB) and rifampicin resistance. (plos.org)
  • Diagnostic tests for TB include sputum smear analysis (microscopic examination of mucus coughed up from the lungs for the presence of M. tuberculosis ) and mycobacterial liquid culture (growth of M. tuberculosis from sputum and determination of its drug sensitivity). (plos.org)
  • Designing newer drugs, vaccines, and diagnostic techniques is dependent on better understanding of M. tuberculosis virulence mechanism. (scielo.br)
  • The isolated M. tuberculosis strains have been characterized by performing susceptibility tests against four first-line antituberculosis drugs and were then subjected to spoligotyping characterization. (scielo.br)
  • Rafael Laniado-LaborĂ­n , " Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ", Bentham Science Publishers (2015). (benthamscience.com)
  • This chapter deals with the classification and mechanisms of drug resistance in tuberculosis, from mono-resistant to extensive drug resistance (XDR) strains. (benthamscience.com)
  • The national tuberculosis programme started implementing the WHO recommended Directly Observed Treatment Short course (DOTS) strategy in 1998. (who.int)
  • The national strategy to fight tuberculosis has three main goals including the implementation of the DOTS strategy according to WHO guidelines, revision and updating of the medical faculties' curricula, and improvement of tuberculosis laboratories by establishment of a multiple drug resistance laboratory and use of advanced techniques in diagnosis. (who.int)
  • Patients who need desensitization to anti-tuberculosis drugs. (myhealth.gov.my)
  • A standardized short course tuberculosis treatment regimen of six to eight months under direct observation by a trained supervisor (usually healthcare workers) to ensure that the patient takes every dose of medication. (myhealth.gov.my)
  • Crohn disease is by far the most common cause, followed by tuberculosis and actinomycosis, both of which must be considered in the evaluation of the perianal fistula or fissure that does not heal or that recurs after appropriate treatment. (medscape.com)
  • Multi-drug resistance has become a problem with tuberculosis in particular. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Dynamics of extensive drug resistance evolution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a single patient during 9 years of disease and treatment. (cdc.gov)
  • AXL, a tyrosine kinase receptor, is commonly overexpressed in several solid tumours and numerous hematopoietic malignancies including acute myeloid leukaemia, acute lymphocytic leukaemia, chronic myeloid leukaemia, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and multiple myeloma. (cancerindex.org)
  • Multiple myeloma (MM) is a heterogeneous plasma cell cancer that results from the excessive proliferation of mutated B cells in the bone marrow and the accumulation of ineffective antibodies, monoclonal proteins, in the blood. (helsinki.fi)
  • Dr. Wang s research focuses on the discovery and development of new therapeutic agents with the potential to treat multiple myeloma, a plasma cell cancer. (gwinnettmagazine.com)
  • He hopes to identify potential drug candidates from natural sources with anti-myeloma effects. (gwinnettmagazine.com)
  • Wang said, Despite recent advances in myeloma treatment with chemotherapy and transplantation, this disease remains incurable due to drug resistance. (gwinnettmagazine.com)
  • He added, There is a great need to identify new therapeutic strategies that inhibit the progression of multiple myeloma disease without significant drug resistance and eventually increase the quality of life and survival of multiple myeloma patients. (gwinnettmagazine.com)
  • CellCentric has announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted its novel cancer drug, inobrodib, Fast Track designation for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. (labiotech.eu)
  • The ongoing blood cancer trial involves patients with a range of hematological malignancies including multiple myeloma, but also non-Hodgkin lymphoma, acute myeloid leukemia or high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). (labiotech.eu)
  • It is investigating inobrodib (also known as CCS1477) as a monotherapy and in combination with common standard of care treatments, including pomalidomide and dexamethasone in multiple myeloma. (labiotech.eu)
  • The most advanced data is in relapsed refractory multiple myeloma. (labiotech.eu)
  • The FDA Fast Track approval is for relapsed refractory multiple myeloma after four or more prior lines of therapy, including a proteasome inhibitor, an immunomodulatory agent, and an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody. (labiotech.eu)
  • In the case of HIV, there have been recognized cases of treatment resistant strains since 1989, with drug resistance being a major contributor to treatment failure. (wikipedia.org)
  • For this reason, the reaction to the growing number of cases of resistant HIV strains has mostly been to try to increase access to treatment and implement other measures to make sure people stay in care, as well as to look into the development of an HIV vaccine or cure. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is thought that some strains of HIV-1 are naturally resistant to ART drugs, and that the prevalence of these strains varies across the globe. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sub-optimal adherence may reduce the effectiveness of the regimen by allowing viral replication and the emergence of drug resistant strains. (who.int)
  • Some are used to treat multiple bacteria strains. (amsterdammarijuanaseeds.com)
  • Rapidly identifying drug resistance in MRSA strains will guide healthcare professionals to give each infected patient the most appropriate treatment possible. (sanger.ac.uk)
  • The team created a list of toxin genes to rapidly identify those present in the MRSA strains, which currently can only be identified with multiple assays in reference laboratories. (sanger.ac.uk)
  • In 2012 only 5% of the strains from new bacteriologicallyconfirmed TB cases and 9% of those previously treated for TB were cultured and tested for drug susceptibility. (benthamscience.com)
  • Strains of microorganisms (bacteria or viruses) are said to develop resistance when they are no longer killed or inhibited by the antibiotics and antiviral drugs that are usually effective against them (or, in practice, when significantly higher than normal doses are required to have an effect). (msdmanuals.com)
  • The reaction that uses Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) medium prepared with antimicrobial drugs ( 9 ). (cdc.gov)
  • These compounds are believed to act as pro-drugs that require intracellular enzymatic activation for antimicrobial activity. (bl.uk)
  • The antimicrobial sensitivity test is necessary for the correct treatment of G. anatis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Predicting antimicrobial resistance using conserved genes. (cdc.gov)
  • 1, 2 Clinical drug resistance is becoming of increasing importance worldwide and is attributed to factors including patient non-adherence to treatment, inappropriate treatment regimens, drug malabsorption, and a poor health infrastructure needed for the effective delivery of treatment. (bmj.com)
  • As the traditional approach to testing these in multiple combination regimens is too slow and inefficient new approaches of clinical phase 2 study designs are required if we are to meet the targets of the WHO EndTB strategy to save the lives of millions into the near future. (europa.eu)
  • 2] Many chemotherapy regimens have been investigated for NSCLC, but the ability of these treatments to improve overall survival is debatable. (cancernetwork.com)
  • The success of complex antiretroviral regimens is dependent on consistent adherence of patients to the drugs. (who.int)
  • HA060 trade name] provides a combination of drugs i.e. lamivudine and zidovudine, that are already established as a backbone of the triple drug regimens. (who.int)
  • Pancreatic cancer treatment in advanced stages is based on different chemotherapy regimens. (isciii.es)
  • Michael Gottesman, M.D. , head of the multidrug resistance section of NCI's Center for Cancer Research , and his colleagues study how ABC transporters contribute to cancer drug resistance. (blogspot.com)
  • The presence of plasma membrane multidrug resistance protein P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is favorable for tumor cells to elicit chemotherapeutic resistance. (jcancer.org)
  • A major mechanism of this multidrug resistance (MDR) is overexpression of the MDR1 product Pglycoprotein, known to bind to and transport a wide variety of agents. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Having a wide substrate range, multidrug efflux pumps frequently underlie antibiotic treatment failure. (bvsalud.org)
  • Recognizing and exploiting variations in multidrug efflux pumps and penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) is an essential approach in new antibiotic drug discovery and engineering to meet the growing challenge of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. (bvsalud.org)
  • Antibiotics interact with certain drugs. (amsterdammarijuanaseeds.com)
  • Treatment requires the use of multiple antibiotics over a long period of time. (aids.org.za)
  • Their waxy cell wall, rich in mycolic acid plays an important role in its resistance to many antibiotics. (benthamscience.com)
  • besides the cell wall barrier that helps slow down the penetration of antibiotics, Mtb operates multiple specialized resistance mechanisms that allow active detoxification of drugs once they reach the cytoplasmic space. (benthamscience.com)
  • To prevent the development of resistance, doctors try to use antibiotics only when necessary (not for viral infections such as a cold) and have people take them for a full course of treatment. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Date of diagnosis was determined and data were collated on key demographic factors, clinical, radiological and treatment details. (bmj.com)
  • While variousantifolates have been previously evaluated in clinical trials, drug developmentwas stopped or delayed in light of their lack of efficacy oroccurrence of life-threatening toxicities. (cancernetwork.com)
  • 3 Acquired resistance to an initially effective therapy is a much greater challenge in the clinical setting as optimism following initial treatment and response can quickly turn into poor results and devastating outcomes. (atcc.org)
  • Nitroaromatic compounds, such as nifurtimox (in combination with eflornithine) and fexinidazole (in clinical trials), have been recently introduced for the treatment of the second stage of sleeping sickness. (bl.uk)
  • Itraconazole, a common triazole anti-fungal drug in widespread clinical use, has evidence of clinical activity that is of interest in oncology. (ecancer.org)
  • Clinical trials have shown that patients with prostate, lung, and basal cell carcinoma have benefited from treatment with itraconazole, and there are additional reports of activity in leukaemia, ovarian, breast, and pancreatic cancers. (ecancer.org)
  • In the past decades, gold and silver nanoclusters (Au NCs and Ag NCs) have been massively explored and utilized in the field of industrial catalysis, optoelectronic devices, biological imaging, environmental detection, clinical diagnoses, and treatment. (hindawi.com)
  • In this mini-review we will discuss the latest clinical data from clinical trials for immune-checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of HCC. (stanford.edu)
  • Inobrodib is a first in class drug which has shown clinical benefit in treating multiple specific cancer types, including both haematological malignancies and solid tumors. (labiotech.eu)
  • Highlights that viral resistance to tecovirimat has been rare, and when documented has occurred with prolonged administration and severe clinical outcomes. (cdc.gov)
  • Specifically, CDC has been evaluating suspect cases (identified either by F13L sequencing efforts or by suspicion based on clinical course) for phenotypic resistance. (cdc.gov)
  • The potential for complex risks and life-threatening complications in the mother or unborn child often exclude pregnant women from clinical drug trials. (wwarn.org)
  • Introduction: Although carbapenemases are frequently reported in resistant A. baumannii clinical isolates, other chromosomally mediated elements of resistance that are considered essential are frequently underestimated. (bvsalud.org)
  • The finding of multiple-drug resistance in MCRPEC isolates suggests these organisms were able to recruit other resistance genes, "which could raise difficulties in the treatment of patients with clinical infection due to MCRPEC," the authors write. (medscape.com)
  • A poor initial response to the given treatment indicates that a patient may have intrinsic drug resistance. (atcc.org)
  • WHO) recently endorsed the use of NRA for screening TB treatment regimen, including 5 second-line drugs for patients at risk of MDR TB ( 14 ). (cdc.gov)
  • A 6-mo regimen consisting of isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide given for 2 mo followed by isoniazid and rifampin for 4 mo is the preferred treatment for patients with fully susceptible organisms who adhere to treatment. (cdc.gov)
  • This four-drug, 6-mo regimen is effective even when the infecting organism is resistant to INH. (cdc.gov)
  • The major determinant of the outcome of treatment is patient adherence to the drug regimen. (cdc.gov)
  • The standard of care in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is the use of a triple drug antiretroviral regimen. (who.int)
  • Plasma samples were obtained from patients with prior exposure to at least two antiretroviral drug classes and who were on a failing antiretroviral regimen. (scienceopen.com)
  • Resistance to the drugs can occur because of failure to finish the entire antibiotic regimen. (amsterdammarijuanaseeds.com)
  • TB disease is treated with a multiple drug regimen for 6-8 months (usually isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide for 2 months, followed by isoniazid and rifampin for 4 to 6 months) if the TB is not drug resistant. (myhealth.gov.my)
  • progression on treatment or within 60 days of stopping a bortezomib- or carfilzomib-based regimen as last line of therapy. (who.int)
  • CDC was notified of one patient with persistent monkeypox whose viral isolates demonstrated tecovirimat resistance. (cdc.gov)
  • Isolates from this patient, sequenced by the state laboratory, demonstrated genotypic changes in F13L associated with tecovirimat resistance. (cdc.gov)
  • Many of the isolates also proved resistant to other drugs as well as colistin, although there was little evidence of extensive carbapenem coresistance. (medscape.com)
  • In the cross-sectional analysis, the 76 MCRPEC isolates were significantly more resistant to several other drugs compared with isolates that were mcr-1 negative, including ciprofloxacin ( P = .0005), cefotaxime ( P = .0005), and cefepime ( P = .001). (medscape.com)
  • There are multiple therapeutics available for prostate cancer, with the choice of treatment dependent on the individual circumstances of each patient. (corning.com)
  • This constitutes a serious concern for patients as resistance to therapeutics can lead to decreased drug response and the recurrence of disease. (atcc.org)
  • The phenomenon of acquired drug resistance has been observed with various types of cancer therapeutics including chemotherapy, molecular-targeted anticancer drugs, and cancer immunotherapy. (atcc.org)
  • Cell-based models are critical tools for understanding the mechanisms of drug resistance and developing novel therapeutics. (atcc.org)
  • Despite recent advances in research and novel therapeutics, MM remains incurable, mainly due to the mechanisms underlying disease progression and drug resistance. (helsinki.fi)
  • Therefore, novel biomarkers and therapeutics for the treatment of relapsed and refractory MM are urgently needed. (helsinki.fi)
  • While there are currently no treatments specifically approved for monkeypox, therapeutics developed for patients with smallpox have been deployed during the current outbreak. (cdc.gov)
  • Most patients with indications for tecovirimat do not require treatment with any additional therapeutics. (cdc.gov)
  • Nevertheless, multiple escape mechanisms can promote drug resistance and tumor relapse. (usz.ch)
  • In this case, the cancer cells gradually acquire specific genetic abnormalities or protein alterations that ultimately result in unresponsiveness to treatment and cancer relapse. (atcc.org)
  • Although this brings a hope to identify drug resistance and detect the cancer's relapse at an early stage, the corresponding treatment solutions are not always available. (atcc.org)
  • When cancer cells resist the effects of drugs used for treatment, they can grow and reform tumors, a process known as recurrence or relapse. (blogspot.com)
  • The results also suggest possible treatment strategies for ALL patients who relapse, including screening to identify those who should avoid additional thiopurine treatment. (sciencecodex.com)
  • Researchers analyzed more than 1,000 samples collected from the patients at different times in treatment, including samples from 181 patients collected at diagnosis, remission and relapse. (sciencecodex.com)
  • Dr. Fang Xie shares insights from his research into prostate cancer and offers hope of overcoming the growing problem of chemotherapy resistance to improve patient outcomes. (corning.com)
  • Surprisingly, we have found that by using patient tumor biopsies, we were able to see that taxane-tubulin engagement did not work effectively in those patients that gained taxane resistance. (corning.com)
  • We also observed the same phenomenon in the patient-derived tumor xenograft mouse model, which gained taxane resistance. (corning.com)
  • The use of fixed drug combinations may enhance patient adherence and may reduce the risk of inappropriate monotherapy, and it may prevent the development of secondary drug resistance. (cdc.gov)
  • An immunocompromised patient was nearly nine times more likely to die, while application of appropriate treatment reduced the risk (risk ratio 0.06). (bmj.com)
  • These drugs constitute the mainstay of treatment and knowledge of resistance is likely to be of direct benefit to the individual patient and to public health TB programmes. (bmj.com)
  • Using 5 AML cohorts ( n = 1327 patients total), we demonstrate that the IPRP score leads to more consistent and accurate survival prediction performance, compared with 10 existing signatures, and that IPRP scoring is widely applicable to various patient cohorts, treatment procedures and transcriptomic technologies. (nature.com)
  • In particular, using traditional prognostic signatures, it is often difficult to find a common cutoff for risk classification that would be suitable among multiple patient cohorts and studies. (nature.com)
  • If the acquisition of drug resistance that leads to treatment failure and to patient death can be substantially delayed, then cancer could become a chronic condition," Robert Brown, Ph.D., and his colleagues at the Imperial College London wrote in Nature Reviews Cancer . (blogspot.com)
  • Paradoxically, this reality causes a knowledge gap in drug efficacy in the same patient populations that carry this large proportion of the disease burden. (wwarn.org)
  • Perianal granuloma and multiple fistulous tracts in a patient with severe perianal Crohn disease. (medscape.com)
  • Acquired resistance has caused the therapeutic effectiveness of taxane to become limited. (corning.com)
  • Oncofusions are key drivers and excellent drug targets, providing an opportunity for therapeutic innovation. (usz.ch)
  • While efforts are being made to identify the mechanisms of resistance and to develop novel drugs and therapeutic agents to overcome them, the lack of physiologically relevant, drug-resistant cancer model systems remains a significant challenge. (atcc.org)
  • 4,5 Drug resistance in each case could involve one or more of these major mechanisms, depending on the class of drugs and therapeutic treatment strategies being employed. (atcc.org)
  • This decision allows us to move faster to develop a new therapeutic option that has shown to be effective even when cancer cells have become resistant to other drugs. (labiotech.eu)
  • All patients referred for culture and DST in 2 districts to MDR TB treatment has been recognized, rapid drug- of Lima, Peru, during January 2005-November 2008 were susceptibility testing (DST) and prompt initiation of monitored prospectively. (cdc.gov)
  • Rapid DST methods should minimize delays to patients with smear-positive TB, adult household contact, initiation of appropriate treatment ( 2 , 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The proportion of MDR TB detected by using guidelines reductase assay (NRA), also known as the Griess method, was higher than that detected by a concurrent national drug- has demonstrated acceptable sensitivity, specifi city, resistance survey, indicating that the strategy effectively identifi ed patients for DST. (cdc.gov)
  • In most cases, patients initially begin their treatment with endocrine therapy, a stage where drug resistance often occurs. (corning.com)
  • Careful attention should be paid to measures designed to foster adherence and to ensure that patients take the drugs as prescribed. (cdc.gov)
  • There is insufficient evidence to support testing and treatment of H pylori in asymptomatic people with a family history of gastric cancer and patients with lymphocytic gastritis, hyperplastic gastric polyps, and hyperemesis gravidarum. (medscape.com)
  • When considering treatment options for patients, they should be asked about prior antibiotic exposures (including macrolides and fluoroquinolones) along with prior reactions and allergies. (medscape.com)
  • Median survival in patients treated with three drugs to which the bacterium was susceptible on in vitro testing (n=62) was 2066 days (95% CI 1336 to 2515) or 5.66 years, whereas in those not so treated (n=13) survival was 599 days (95% CI 190 to 969) or 1.64 years. (bmj.com)
  • As exemplified in the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, in the absence of an efficacious treatment or vaccine, rapid identification of infected patients is the only control measure available to curb transmission and ensure timely containment of the infectious disease. (nature.com)
  • Early in infection when symptoms are few yet treatment has the greatest chance of success, patients are usually unaware of their infection, which remains undetected, especially as health services are usually poorly staffed and equipped or non-existent in the remote rural areas where human contact with the vector is greatest. (who.int)
  • they are expensive, difficult to administer and toxic - sometimes lethal: an estimated 3% to 5% of patients treated in the second stage of infection die from the treatment itself. (who.int)
  • in some parts of central Africa, as many as 30% of patients show resistance to melarsoprol, the only drug available to treat the advanced stage of T. b. gambiense and T. b. rhodesiense disease. (who.int)
  • Treatment responses of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are known to be heterogeneous, posing challenges for risk scoring and treatment stratification. (nature.com)
  • Even though developed for AML patients, our pan-cancer analyses demonstrate a wider application of the IPRP signature for prognostic prediction and analysis of tumor-immune interplay also in multiple solid tumors. (nature.com)
  • 1 Statistical data indicate that over 90% of the mortality of patients with cancer is related to drug resistance. (atcc.org)
  • Many patients diagnosed with cancer have far more treatment options now than they did even a decade ago. (blogspot.com)
  • In some cases, these treatments can produce remarkable responses, completely eradicating tumors in patients whose cancer had spread throughout their body. (blogspot.com)
  • But nearly all current treatments face the same problem: for many patients, they ultimately stop working. (blogspot.com)
  • Commonly known as drug resistance , this phenomenon is one of the most challenging problems facing cancer researchers and patients today. (blogspot.com)
  • Researchers believe one possible way to overcome or delay the development of resistance is to treat patients with combinations of different drugs. (blogspot.com)
  • Another approach is to treat patients with drugs that block the particular mechanism of resistance their tumors have developed, and then treat them again with the drug to which they grew resistant. (blogspot.com)
  • The idea is that this combination approach may "re-sensitize" the patients to the original treatment. (blogspot.com)
  • More than 30 years ago, they discovered that "in some cases, when patients go from being sensitive to resistant to treatment, their cancer cells start to overexpress ABC transporters," he said. (blogspot.com)
  • These changes in cellular functions have been indicated to be associated with the pathogenesis, progression, and formation of drug resistance in MM. Therefore, the role and potential of miRNAs to act as biomarkers to predict MM progression and drug sensitivity should be further investigated to ultimately improve the survival rates of patients. (helsinki.fi)
  • The aim of this master's thesis was to investigate the relationships between drug sensitivity, disease progression and miRNA regulation in MM patients. (helsinki.fi)
  • In addition, the specific gene targets of miRNAs involved in the regulation of drug responses and MM progression were predicted by identifying statistically significant, negatively correlated interactions between the miRNA and RNA sequencing data of 45 MM patients in pairwise comparative correlation analysis. (helsinki.fi)
  • Similarly, mir-4433b expression was significantly elevated in panobinostat-resistant patients compared to sensitive patients, suggesting a potential effect of mir-4433b on the regulation of panobinostat drug response in MM patients. (helsinki.fi)
  • A close watch has to be kept on drug resistance too which could pose a great danger, more so as the number of patients on anti-retrovirals goes on increasing. (asiasentinel.com)
  • Antibiotic resistances were higher in those isolated from the Iranian patients. (scielo.br)
  • Chemotherapy is a treatment method commonly used for cancer and that patients showing low to no response to the treatment often developed drug resistance via multiple mechanisms. (jcancer.org)
  • Outcome of treatment for patients with extensively drug resistance TB (XDR-TB) in a cohort from 26 countries was dismal with an overall cure rate of 20% and a 44% death rate. (benthamscience.com)
  • Immunocompromised patients are often treated prophylactically with triazole anti-fungal drugs, including ITZ, particularly if there is a risk of aspergillosis . (ecancer.org)
  • It is also used for long-term maintenance or prophylaxis, for example 200 mg-400 mg daily for HIV-infected patients, 400 mg daily for patients suffering from chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, or 100 mg per day for more than one year for the treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis [ 1 ]. (ecancer.org)
  • In the future, it may be possible to monitor bone marrow during treatment as a way to detect these mutational signatures early enough to help identify at-risk patients who may be candidates for emerging therapies like CAR-T cells," Zhang said. (sciencecodex.com)
  • Inobrodib can be used by patients who have failed on other treatments, and in combination with existing standard of care drugs. (labiotech.eu)
  • Encourages testing for tecovirimat resistance and pharmacokinetics for public health surveillance purposes in patients who have persistent or progressive monkeypox after completing 14 days of tecovirimat. (cdc.gov)
  • For most patients with intact immune systems, monkeypox is a self-limited illness that does not require anti-viral treatment to clear disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Both patients required inpatient treatment. (cdc.gov)
  • Amid growing concerns about the global emergence of extensively drug-resistant "superbugs," two new studies provide a snapshot of the prevalence and risk factors for colistin -resistant Enterobacteriaceae among hospital patients in China. (medscape.com)
  • More worryingly, nifurtimox resistance led to a decreased sensitivity of these parasites to other nitroaromatic compounds, including a high level of cross-resistance to fexinidazole. (bl.uk)
  • In addition, the RT-qPCR validation demonstrated that the disease progression and drug sensitivity associated mir-92b, mir-363 and mir-221, would potentially regulate the expression of FGF2, MFF, and TMEM248, respectively, providing novel insights into the functional roles of miRNAs in MM pathways. (helsinki.fi)
  • HIV-1 partial pol sequences from antiretroviral-naive individuals collected from multiple sources between 1986 and 2020 were used. (lu.se)
  • The method is based on a nitrate-reductase colorimetric in vitro resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampin. (cdc.gov)
  • As such, we strive to understand how tumors become drug resistant, in order to design better combination therapies and prevent treatment failure. (usz.ch)
  • Skin fibroblasts were exposed to 5 uM Cr(VI) for time intervals up to 24- hr and their differential gene expression profile was studied using the Toxicology and Drug Resistance Microarray (Super Array Inc.). Of the 280 genes represented on the array, the expression levels of 32 genes were found to be differentially affected in the fibroblasts exposed to Cr(VI). (cdc.gov)
  • In general, genes involved in stress response, cell cycle control, drug metabolism, apoptosis and growth were differentially expressed in response to Cr(VI) exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • The major mechanisms of resistance include tumor evolution and tumor heterogeneity, acquired secondary genetic alterations, signaling pathway feedback loops and bypass mechanisms, and the tumor microenvironment. (atcc.org)
  • We evaluated potential health and economic consequences of implementing Xpert in five southern African countries-Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, and Swaziland-where drug resistance and TB-HIV coinfection are prevalent. (plos.org)
  • Their current application in oncology has revolutionized cancer treatment by improving the antitumor activity of several chemotherapeutic agents. (mdpi.com)
  • A major problem in cancer treatment is the development of resistance to multiple chemotherapeutic agents in tumor cells. (eurekaselect.com)
  • We assessed the prevalence, trends and transmission dynamics of pre-treatment HIVDR within and between MSM, people who inject drugs (PWID), female sex workers (FSWs), heterosexuals (HETs) and perinatally infected children in Kenya. (lu.se)
  • Attempts to circumvent these labor-intensive re-design processes include performing multiple qPCR assays in parallel (e.g. (nature.com)
  • Yet dependency on multiple assays brings its own substantial time and economic burden that produces a bottleneck during an epidemic response to WHO high-priority pathogens 6 . (nature.com)
  • Furthermore, equilibrium binding assays using plasma membranes from MDR cells and radioactive drugs have aided our understanding of the modes of drug interactions with P-glycoprotein. (eurekaselect.com)
  • HIV drug resistance occurs when microevolution causes virions to become tolerant to antiretroviral treatments (ART). (wikipedia.org)
  • Drug resistance occurs as bacterial or viral populations evolve to no longer respond to medications that previously worked. (wikipedia.org)
  • Induced resistance refers to resistance that occurs as a result of drug therapy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Conversely, acquired drug resistance occurs after an initial positive response to the therapy. (atcc.org)
  • This group of diseases should be considered in the differential diagnosis whenever an unusual lesion is found in the perianal region or when no response occurs to conventional surgical treatment. (medscape.com)
  • Tolerance is a person's diminished response to a drug, which occurs when the drug is used repeatedly and the body adapts to the continued presence of the drug. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The new treatment is effective against malaria-causing parasites in all stages of development, scientists reported September 7 in Nature . (popsci.com)
  • As malaria parasites develop resistance to existing drugs, researchers have been looking for new treatments. (popsci.com)
  • A treatment for malaria that works in a single dose is especially appealing because it could be easier and cheaper to use than drugs that people must take repeatedly. (popsci.com)
  • As part of the Roll Back Malaria Partnership (RBM) impact series, a collaboration between the RBM and multiple research partners in the Malaria in Pregnancy Consortium , have published a new report highlighting the impact of prevention and control strategies for maternal, new-born and child health. (wwarn.org)
  • This evidence can be used by decision-makers to update and strengthen malaria treatment guidelines. (wwarn.org)
  • Malaria--in infancy and childhood--drug therapy. (who.int)
  • We have demonstrated that drug-resistance frequently declines within 480 generations during exposure to an antibiotic-free environment. (elifesciences.org)
  • While naturally circulating tecovirimat-resistant monkeypox viruses have not been observed, previous cell culture experiments performed during drug development and independent studies performed prior to the current outbreak have demonstrated induction of resistance following tecovirimat exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Pregnancy can alter the disposition, or pharmacokinetics, of a drug in the body, changing the drug exposure and thus possibly affecting treatment success. (wwarn.org)
  • Primary resistance is acquired when an individual's initial infection with HIV comes from an already resistant strain. (wikipedia.org)
  • HA060 trade name] is indicated for the treatment of HIV infection, as a part of combination therapy. (who.int)
  • The drugs for treatment of HIV infection are categorized as nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), protease inhibitors (PIs) and non- nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). (who.int)
  • Accurate identification of the transmitted virus and sequences evolving from it could be instrumental in elucidating the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and in developing vaccines, drugs, or microbicides to prevent infection. (scienceopen.com)
  • For this reason, the use of such fixed drug combinations is strongly encouraged in adults. (cdc.gov)
  • 6] Three treatment protocols included combinations of paclitaxel with cisplatin, gemcitabine with cisplatin (GC), or docetaxel with cisplatin. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Combinations of anti-retrovirals create multiple obstacles to HIV replication to keep the number of viral offspring low and reduce the possibility of a superior mutation. (asiasentinel.com)
  • Additionally, based on the properties summarised previously, it is proposed that itraconazole may synergise with a range of other drugs to enhance the anti-cancer effect, and some of these possible combinations are presented in the supplementary materials accompanying this paper. (ecancer.org)
  • Drug combinations--administration and dosage. (who.int)
  • One combination treatment approach is to "co-administer drugs that work by different molecular mechanisms," Bissan Al-Lazikani, Ph.D., of Cancer Research UK and her colleagues wrote in Nature Biotechnology , "thereby increasing tumor cell killing while reducing the likelihood of drug resistance and minimizing overlapping toxicity. (blogspot.com)
  • Molecular alterations that contribute to intrinsic or acquired treatment resistance include mutation of the drug's molecular target, changes in the way the drug interacts with the tumor, broad cellular changes, and changes in the tumor microenvironment , among others. (blogspot.com)
  • If a mutation that conveys resistance to one of the drugs being taken arises, the other drugs continue to suppress reproduction of that mutation. (asiasentinel.com)
  • i) not having right strategies to reach the most at-risk populations, like unorganized female sex workers, injecting drug users, and gay men. (asiasentinel.com)
  • Our findings identify compounds with the potential to cure and prevent transmission of the disease as well as protect populations at risk, all in a single oral treatment," coauthors Nobutaka Kato and Eamon Comer, of the Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, told ResearchGate. (popsci.com)
  • Antiretroviral therapy for HIV represents a substantial fraction of these additional costs, because of improved survival in TB/HIV-infected populations through better TB case-finding and treatment. (plos.org)
  • Today, with an estimated 2.39 million HIV infections (of which 39 percent are female and 4.4 percent are children) India is home to the second largest population of people living with HIV - an epidemic which is concentrated in high-risk populations such as sex workers and their clients, gay men, transgenders and injecting drug users. (asiasentinel.com)
  • Such strategies implicitly presume that resistance leads to reduced bacterial fitness in an antibiotic-free environment, and therefore these resistant populations should be rapidly outcompeted by antibiotic-sensitive variants. (elifesciences.org)
  • Pooling data sets from a wide range of studies to increase sample sizes allows the groups to determine treatment trends within specific sub-populations like pregnant women and small children. (wwarn.org)
  • Compared to HETs, children and key populations had higher levels of pre-treatment HIVDR. (lu.se)
  • Artificial intelligence/machine learning technologies will be applied to validate state-of-the art molecular and imaging tools as treatment decision biomarkers with the aim of establishing new, real-time outcome measures. (europa.eu)
  • Treatment outcome. (who.int)
  • Conversely, generation of fexinidazole resistance resulted in cross-resistance to nifurtimox. (bl.uk)
  • Hear how advances in diagnostic and treatment options are reducing the overall morbidity from multi-drug resistant TB. (cdc.gov)
  • Should these findings translate to the field, emerging nitrodrug resistance could reverse all recent advances in the treatment of sleeping sickness, made since the introduction of eflornithine 20 years ago. (bl.uk)
  • Furthermore, significant advances have been made in delineating the drug binding sites of this protein by studying mutant P-glycoprotein. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Most antimalarial drugs target this blood stage of the parasites' lifecycle, which is also when symptoms appear. (popsci.com)
  • The WWARN Pharmacology Group are currently using mathematical and statistical techniques, known as population pharmacokinetic modelling , to perform a comparison of drug exposures in non-pregnant adults, pregnant women, and infants to better understand how different factors such as weight, age, and pregnancy affect the pharmacokinetics of antimalarial drugs. (wwarn.org)
  • The WWARN Study Groups are analysing data sets to assess potential dose optimisation for the antimalarial drugs piperaquine, lumefantrine , amodiaquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine . (wwarn.org)
  • Intrinsic resistance is present before a therapy is administered, and it results in the inherent ability of cancer cells to survive at clinically relevant concentrations of a drug. (atcc.org)
  • Furthermore, in the bloodstream form of T. brucei, resistance was relatively easy to select for nifurtimox, with no concurrent loss of virulence and at clinically relevant levels. (bl.uk)
  • This switch adds to concerns about resistance, Dr Yang and colleagues write, because risk factors for mcr-1 dissemination in humans "are likely to be exacerbated when colistin is used clinically. (medscape.com)
  • Ethambutol (or streptomycin in children too young to be monitored for visual acuity) should also be included until the results of drug susceptibility studies are available, unless there is little possibility of drug resistance (see Section 1 above). (cdc.gov)
  • Treatment must be individualized and based on susceptibility studies. (cdc.gov)
  • This report outlines features of the disease that are important for control and describes activities in the areas of screening, diagnosis, treatment and the search for better drugs. (who.int)
  • Surviving cancer relies on an early, accurate diagnosis of the disease combined with effective treatment. (atcc.org)
  • By 2027, the WHO aims to reach 90% of people with TB with diagnosis and treatment services and ensure that 90% of high-risk individuals have access to preventive treatment. (expresshealthcaremgmt.com)
  • A: The WHO aims to improve prevention, treatment, and care of childhood TB through a five-year plan, ensuring that 90% of people with TB are reached with diagnosis and treatment services by 2027. (expresshealthcaremgmt.com)
  • The two main types of resistance, primary and induced, differ mostly in causation, with the biggest cause of resistance being a lack of adherence to the specific details of treatment. (wikipedia.org)
  • One known cause of HIV drug resistance is lack of adherence to the prescribed drug regiment. (wikipedia.org)
  • Low levels of adherence can be attributed to lack of access to healthcare, stigmatization of HIV, and a lack of availability of drugs due to prohibitive cost or other factors. (wikipedia.org)
  • The development of a fixed dose combination aims to reduce the number of daily tablets, and therefore enhance adherence to therapy and thereby minimizing the risk of emergence of resistance. (who.int)
  • In cross resistance, an entire class of medication is considered ineffective in lowering a patient's HIV viral load because all the drugs in a given class share the same mechanism of action. (wikipedia.org)
  • In keeping with the role of TbNTR in nitrodrug activation, loss of an NTR gene copy in T. brucei was found to be one, but not the only, mechanism that may lead to nitrodrug resistance. (bl.uk)
  • One mechanism by which cancer cells resist treatment is by expelling cancer drugs. (blogspot.com)
  • It is a first in class drug, with a new mechanism of action. (labiotech.eu)
  • 7 The genetic abnormalities and drug sensitivities of cells within the same tumor can vary widely, resulting in the survival and regrowth of a sub-population of tumor cells after a treatment that initially appears to be effective. (atcc.org)
  • 3,4 In some cases, tumor cells can even acquire secondary genetic alterations during drug treatment. (atcc.org)
  • The protein expression levels of phosph-protein kinase B (P-AKT), phosph-mammalian targets of rapamycin (P-mTOR), and phosph-p70 ribosomal s6 kinase (P-p70s6K) in tumor cells were likewise reduced after hinokitiol treatment. (jcancer.org)
  • Xie and his team are exploring taxane resistance, and how enhancing drug target engagement may help overcome this resistance and ultimately save lives. (corning.com)
  • Therefore, all efforts should be made to ensure nitroaromatic drugs are used only in drug combination therapies against sleeping sickness, in order to protect them from emerging resistance. (bl.uk)
  • One such group of proteins, called the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, is able to expel some chemotherapy drugs, including doxorubicin , and some targeted therapies, like imatinib (Gleevec®) . (blogspot.com)
  • However, TB bacteria can develop resistance to multiple drugs. (cdc.gov)
  • Similarly, cancer cells may develop resistance to chemotherapy drugs. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Having identified multiple unexplored potential drug targets, the company evolved into drug discovery and development, ultimately focusing on the inhibition of p300/CBP. (labiotech.eu)
  • In addition, CDC confirmed phenotypic resistance to tecovirimat in cell culture. (cdc.gov)
  • genotypic and phenotypic testing subsequently confirmed resistance. (cdc.gov)
  • In part this has been due to methodological problems including the absence of longitudinal studies to detect trends, the failure to differentiate primary and acquired drug resistance in studies, the selection bias of many surveys, and the absence of high quality culture facilities. (bmj.com)
  • Therefore, development of resistance to one medication in a class precludes the use of all other medications in the same class. (wikipedia.org)
  • These studies indicate the importance of the pyroptosis process in tumor development and treatment responses. (nature.com)
  • While similar trends were observedwith pemetrexed early in development, investigators institutedfolic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation to minimize these toxicitieswithout hampering drug efficacy. (cancernetwork.com)
  • The multiple regulatory roles of miRNAs, such as promoting or inhibiting the development of liver pathology in murine schistosomiasis are also discussed in depth. (nih.gov)
  • The FDA's Fast Track designation is designed to aid the development of new treatments, expediting the review of drugs to treat serious conditions and fill unmet medical needs. (labiotech.eu)
  • However, the development of multiple drug resistance is common. (bvsalud.org)
  • Introduction of Xpert could substantially change TB morbidity and mortality through improved case-finding and treatment, with more limited impact on long-term transmission dynamics. (plos.org)
  • In other cases of resistance, cancer cells may adapt to the drug while it is being administered, acquiring molecular changes that allow them to escape its effects. (blogspot.com)
  • Resistance can occur when cancer cells-even a small group of cells within a tumor-contain molecular alterations that make them insensitive to a particular drug before treatment even begins. (blogspot.com)
  • The combination of active case detection and successful treatment forms the cornerstone of control. (who.int)
  • In addition to breakthroughs in prevention, researchers have also made strides in the detection and treatment of MDR-TB. (expresshealthcaremgmt.com)
  • Prevention of TB involves screening those at high risk, early detection and treatment of cases, and vaccination with the bacillus Calmette-GuĂ©rin vaccine. (aids.org.za)
  • Notifies healthcare providers and public health departments about two cases of laboratory-confirmed tecovirimat resistance. (cdc.gov)
  • These are the first known cases of monkeypox with laboratory-confirmed tecovirimat resistance in the United States. (cdc.gov)