Transporter type 2 homeostasis glucose transporter type 2. Medical search. Frequent questions

However, the potential of statin use to affect glucose metabolism has been controversial [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
Altered expression of these receptors can result in elevated blood glucose levels and affect lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
Epigenetic modification of these genes may lead to "metabolic programming" of the fetus and result in long-term changes in metabolism and energy homeostasis. (wikipedia.org)
In this study, we examined AA effects on metabolism in wild-type (WT) mice and GLUT10 G128E mice fed with a normal diet (CD) or HFD, as we previously showed that GLUT10 G128E mice are highly sensitive to HFD-induced T2DM 9 . (researchsquare.com)
Accumulated evidence from genetic animal models suggests that the brain, particularly the hypothalamus, has a key role in the homeostatic regulation of energy and glucose metabolism. (nature.com)
The brain modulates various aspects of metabolism, such as food intake, energy expenditure, insulin secretion, hepatic glucose production and glucose/fatty acid metabolism in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. (nature.com)
Here we comprehensively review the above topics, discussing the main findings related to the role of the brain in the homeostatic regulation of energy and glucose metabolism. (nature.com)
The third and novel concept we would like to present in this paper might be quite surprising at first sight: A healthy organism maintaining its state of systemic energy homeostasis, i.e. that of balanced cerebral and peripheral metabolism, relies on properly functioning brain-pull mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
Glucose is removed from ASL in proximal airways via facilitative glucose transporters, down a concentration gradient generated by intracellular glucose metabolism. (ersjournals.com)
Glucose removal is determined by cellular glucose uptake and metabolism ( fig. 1 ) [ 4 , 12 - 14 ]. (ersjournals.com)
In this review, we summarize current knowledge about vitamin D metabolism in general, its role in diabetes mellitus (mainly type 2) and diabetic complications (mainly diabetic kidney disease), and potential therapeutic perspectives including vitamin D signalling as a druggable target. (karger.com)
The health benefits of this unique formula include supporting blood sugar metabolism and promoting healthy cholesterol and glucose levels already within the normal range. (belmarrahealth.com)
PDE4 plays a critical role in cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate), which regulates energy metabolism, AMPK, triglyceride hydrolysis, and glucose metabolism. (bergamonte.net)
PDE3B is crucial for triglyceride and cholesterol metabolism, as well as glucose homeostasis. (bergamonte.net)
AMPK plays a central role in regulating healthy glucose, and lipid metabolism and energy production. (bergamonte.net)
it improves glucose metabolism and thereby reduces diabetic complications. (lifespan.io)
Glucose is the major substrate for ATP synthesis through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), whereas intermediary metabolism through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle utilizes non-glucose-derived monocarboxylates, amino acids, and alpha ketoacids to support mitochondrial ATP and GTP synthesis. (molvis.org)
Our goals were twofold: 1) to characterize the gene expression, protein expression, and activity of key synthesizing and regulating enzymes of energy metabolism in the whole mouse retina, retinal compartments, and/or cells and 2) to provide an integrative analysis of the results related to function. (molvis.org)
Confocal studies showed differential cellular and compartmental distribution of isozymes involved in glucose, glutamate, glutamine, lactate, and creatine metabolism. (molvis.org)
Based on chemical composition, cholesterol gallstone counts of 80-90% gallstone cases [ 2 , 3 ] that appears due to imbalanced hepatic cholesterol metabolism associated with metabolic syndromes such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, and high caloric intake. (ijbs.com)
Glucose metabolism also decreased the total amount of cellular glutathionylated proteins and increased the cellular glutathione redox ratio (GSH/GSSG). (omicsdi.org)
We have recently shown that overnight exposure of INS-1E insulinoma cells to palmitate in the presence of high glucose causes defects in both mitochondrial energy metabolism and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). (omicsdi.org)
This altered glucose metabolism state is associated with an increased risk of developing T2DM (Figure 1), although other parameters including excess adiposity, inflammation and dyslipidemia are risk factors associated with the development of insulin resistance, loss of pancreatic function, worsening of hyperglycemia and progression to diabetes (1). (ddw-online.com)
In a paper published in Metabolism, Kardassis lab reveals a novel role of the nuclear receptor HNF4A in glucose homeostasis and in the liver-α-cell axis in mice. (forth.gr)

Methods and results: Levels of the glucose transporters SGLT-2 and GLUT-2, as well as glucose uptake, glucose production, and key proteins of the insulin pathways, namely insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), and PI3K/AKT pathway were analysed. (faksignaling.com)
EC (5-20 µM) and DHBA (20 µM) reduced both renal glucose uptake and production. (faksignaling.com)
Conclusion: EC and DHBA regulate the renal glucose homeostasis by modulating both glucose uptake and production, and strengthen the insulin signalling by activating key proteins of that pathway in NRK-52E cells. (faksignaling.com)
In diabetes, there is a marked increase in renal glucose uptake, which might be accompanied by the upregulation of SGLT- 2 and glucose transporter-2 (GLUT-2) levels, and the renal gluconeogenesis is enhanced because of the deregulation of rate-limiting gluconeogenic enzymes [2, 4, 5]. (faksignaling.com)
In males, in physiological conditions, testosterone acts via androgen receptors (AR) to increase insulin receptor (IR) expression and glycogen synthesis, and to decrease glucose uptake controlled by liver-specific glucose transporter 2 (GLUT-2). (nih.gov)
Postprandial insulin-stimulated glucose uptake into target tissue is crucial for the maintenance of normal blood glucose homeostasis. (fh-ooe.at)
Since the mid-1960s, it has been known that there are energy-dependent, sodium-coupled glucose transporter (SGLT) and energy-independent, facilitative glucose transporter (GLUT) pathways for glucose uptake in the lung [ 1 ], and that glucose can permeate the alveolar epithelial barrier [ 2 ]. (ersjournals.com)
After intracellular conversion into 11 C-serotonin and uptake into secretory vesicles by vesicular monoamine transporter 2 or biodegradation by monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) into 11 C-5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid ( 11 C-HIAA), the tracer is rapidly excreted into the urine. (snmjournals.org)
The flavonoids in Bergamonte® BPE Complex activate AMPK and stimulate glucose uptake. (bergamonte.net)
It did this by suppressing hepatic (liver) gluconeogenesis and improving cellular glucose uptake, thus lowering serum insulin. (thenutritiondebate.com)
Besides, SR-BI on hepatocyte basolateral membrane is well accepeted to conduct the cholesterol uptake from circulating HDL that plays a key role in maintaining serum cholesterol homeostasis [ 8 , 9 ]. (ijbs.com)
Insulin is an anabolic hormone that promotes glucose uptake, glycogenesis, lipogenesis, and protein synthesis of skeletal muscle and fat tissue through the tyrosine kinase receptor pathway. (medscape.com)

Furthermore, the acylated anthocyanins suppress pro-inflammatory pathways, maintain gut microbiota homeostasis, and modulate glucose and lipid metabolisms. (belmarrahealth.com)

Kidneys play a major role in glucose homeostasis. (faksignaling.com)
Recent studies have showed that the kidneys also play a central role in glucose homeostasis by reabsorbing all the filtered glucose, an adaptive mechanism that ensures sufficient energy is available during fasting periods. (uthscsa.edu)
Therefore, it is the need of the day to properly understand functions and mechanisms of GSK-3, especially its role in glucose homeostasis via effects on glycogen synthase. (scielo.br)

Insulin-releasing and metabolic effects of small molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist 6,7-dichloro-2-methylsulfonyl-3-N-tert-butylaminoquinoxaline. (ulster.ac.uk)
We investigated the impacts of AA on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic dysregulation in wild type (WT) and GLUT10 G128E mice. (researchsquare.com)
We have previously showed that genetic polymorphisms in glucose transporter 10 (GLUT10) gene are associated with a T2DM intermediate phenotype in non-diabetic population, and GLUT10 G128E mice (carrying human orthologous GLUT10 G128E variant) are highly sensitive to HFD-induced metabolic dysregulation. (researchsquare.com)
Highly coordinated interactions between the brain and peripheral metabolic organs are critical for the maintenance of energy and glucose homeostasis. (nature.com)
Integration of peripheral metabolic signals andthe central nervous system maintains energy homeostasis. (nature.com)
Together, these results unveil a mechanism by which glucose availability autonomously controls p53 activity, providing a new paradigm of cell fate control by metabolic substrate availability. (bvsalud.org)
The series of events that seem to be associated with a large number of illnesses, injuries, and infirmities are 1) muscle loss, 2) leading to metabolic rate reduction, 3) followed by fat gain that places almost 80% of men and 70% of women 60 years of age and older in the undesirable categories of overweight or obese. (tntstrength.com)
Skeletal muscle, which represents up to 40% of total body weight, influences a variety of metabolic risk factors, including obesity, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. (tntstrength.com)
Consequently, muscle loss is the greatest contributor to the age-related decline in resting metabolic rate, which averages 2% to 3% per decade in adults. (tntstrength.com)
This can lead to improper hepatic energy homeostasis or even hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance, as well as some symptoms of metabolic syndrome and liver steatosis. (nih.gov)
Glycogen storage disease (GSD) type I, also known as von Gierke disease, is a group of inherited autosomal recessive metabolic disorders of the glucose-6- phosphatase system which helps maintain glucose homeostasis. (medscape.com)
Since insulin resistance and impaired GLUT4 translocation are associated with the development of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, this transporter has become an important target of antidiabetic drug research. (fh-ooe.at)
It is well established that PP cows often exhibit symptoms similar to type 2 diabetes (T2DM), including elevated plasma free fatty acid concentrations and decreased sensitivity of tissue to the presence of insulin which plays a major role in the development of many metabolic disorders [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Impairment of the capability of the kidney to produce and reuptake enough calcitriol and therefore maintain vitamin D, phosphate, and calcium homeostasis is one of the principal pathophysiological components of metabolic bone disease in CKD. (karger.com)
Dysregulation of PDE3B can cause development of fatty liver, common in metabolic syndrome and type-2 diabetes patients. (bergamonte.net)
Because skeletal muscle is the major site of insulin-mediated glucose utilization (up to 80% in the postprandial state), losses in skeletal muscle mass may lead to metabolic impairments [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
It is generally assumed that unless they are genetically aberrant, normal cells are equipped with common metabolic machinery (i.e., transporters and enzymes) to cope with the changing nutritional environment. (wiley.com)
Lysosomal function is critical for organismal homeostasis-mutations in genes encoding lysosomal proteins cause severe human disorders known as lysosomal storage diseases, and lysosome dysfunction is implicated in age-associated diseases including cancer, neurodegeneration and metabolic syndrome. (stanford.edu)
By developing novel tools and harnessing the power of metabolomics, proteomics and functional genomics, our lab will define 1) how the lysosome communicates with other cellular compartments to fulfill the metabolic demands of the cell under various metabolic states, 2) and how its dysfunction leads to rare and common human diseases. (stanford.edu)
Despite beneficial effects of current glucose-lowering treatments, disease-related morbidity and mortality remain considerable in T2DM patients, galvanising the search for innovative medications that target the multiple metabolic abnormalities as well as inflammatory processes and other pathways predisposing to diabetes-associated disorders. (ddw-online.com)

Additional genes that have been shown, either by in vitro or in vivo studies, to be regulated by epigenetic mechanisms include leptin, SOCS3, glucose transporter (GLUT)-4, POMC, 11-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 and corticotrophin releasing hormone. (wikipedia.org)
The recently cloned SLC2A10 gene encodes a 541 amino acid putative facilitative glucose transporter (GLUT10) of the GLUT family class III with between 30 and 34% amino acid homology with the known GLUT proteins ( 1 , 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Interestingly, EC and DHBA did not modify the levels of SGLT-2 and GLUT-2, and modulated the expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase via AKT leading to a diminished glucose production. (faksignaling.com)
In the histological sections of liver the Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining (to visualize glycogen) and IHC (to detect GLUT-2, IR, and AR) were performed. (nih.gov)
The percentage of PAS-positive glycogen areas were correlated with the immunoexpression of GLUT-2, serum levels of T and DHT were correlated with GLUT-2, IR, and AR transcript levels, and serum glucose concentration was correlated with the age of animals and with the GLUT-2 mRNA by Spearman's rank correlation coefficients. (nih.gov)
In each age group of F1:Fin rats, the accumulation of glycogen was elevated but did not correlate with changes in GLUT-2 expression. (nih.gov)
The levels of GLUT-2, IR, and AR transcripts and their immunoreactivity statistically significantly decreased in F1:Fin animals. (nih.gov)

Vitamin D is a lipid-soluble hormone and micronutrient whose primary function is to regulate calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. (karger.com)
Bergamonte® BPE Complex flavonoids mediate their beneficial effects on lipid and glucose homeostasis by PDE4 and PDE3B modulation. (bergamonte.net)
[ 2 ] Moreover, a variant of the SLC16A11 gene, a recently explored member of a lipid transporter family, was found more frequently in diabetic patients of Mexican origin. (medscape.com)

The SLC2A10 gene encodes the GLUT10 facilitative glucose transporter, which is expressed in high amounts in liver and pancreas. (diabetesjournals.org)

The main site for glucose reabsorption is the early S1 segment of the proximal tubule and this process is largely mediated by the high-capacity transporter sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) [2]. (faksignaling.com)
In this regard, inhibitors of SGLT-2 have been demonstrated to increase glycosuria and reduce hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes [3, 4]. (faksignaling.com)
In recent randomized controlled clinical trials, medications within the sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) class have shown improvements in adverse cardiovascular and kidney outcomes among individuals with CKD [7▪▪,8,9▪▪,10▪] . (lww.com)
However, much subsequent research in this area was focused on the role of pulmonary SGLT transport as a modifier of lung liquid volume [ 3 , 4 ], and the effects of starvation and diabetes on glucose transport [ 1 , 5 ]. (ersjournals.com)
This mechanism becomes maladaptive in diabetes, however, as hyperglycaemia augments the expression and activity of the sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 in the proximal tubule of the kidney. (uthscsa.edu)

Drug-induced diabetes may occur due to different drugs being taken longer term and contributing to the development of chronic hyperglycaemia [1,2]. (escardio.org)
Additionally, defects at the insulin signalling are thought to affect the renal glucose homeostasis and, therefore, to contribute to the hyperglycaemia [4]. (faksignaling.com)
ASL glucose concentrations are increased in respiratory disease and by hyperglycaemia. (ersjournals.com)

Of these, sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists represent novel pharmacological agents that are included in the pharmacotherapy of patients with preserved or reduced systolic left ventricular function in heart failure, arterial hypertension, as well as in patients who are at increased risk of cardiovascular events. (escardio.org)
Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are agents that reduce the level of blood glucose in these patients. (escardio.org)
In the clinical trials conducted thus far, the use of SGLT2 inhibitors was shown to improve the quality of life of patients with type 2 DM, have benefit in treatment of HF, either with reduced or preserved ejection fraction of the left ventricle. (escardio.org)
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) represent a relatively new class of oral glucose-lowering agents that reduce adverse cardiovascular and kidney outcomes among individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD). (lww.com)
Human studies have confirmed the efficacy of SLGT2 inhibitors in improving glucose control and reducing the A1c. (uthscsa.edu)
Although the long-term efficacy and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors remain under study, the class represents a novel therapeutic approach with potential for the treatment of both type 2 and 1 diabetes. (uthscsa.edu)

In animal studies, SGLT2 inhibition reduces plasma glucose levels, resulting in improved β-cell function and enhanced insulin sensitivity in liver and muscle. (uthscsa.edu)
Fasting is ended when plasma glucose levels are less than 45 mg/dL accompanied by signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia. (medscape.com)

Further works by [8] have established the fact that Zn transporter (ZnT8) is a key protein for the regulation of insulin secretion from pancreatic Beta-cells. (scirp.org)
Several neurotransmitter systems present in the central nervous system, such as the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems, are expressed also in the islets of Langerhans ( 1 , 2 ), and serotonin in particular has been implicated in insulin secretion ( 3 , 4 ) and β cell proliferation during pregnancy ( 5 ). (snmjournals.org)
ABCG5 and ABCG8 are two heterodimeric ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters on hepatic canalicular membrane and are major contributors of hepatocytes cholesterol secretion into bile [ 4 ], as evidenced by approximately 75% reduced biliary cholesterol secretion rate in Abcg5 and/or Abcg8 KO mice [ 5 ]. (ijbs.com)
Other than ABCG5/8, scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), coding by Scarb1 in mice, has also been identified for efficient conduction of biliary cholesterol secretion in physical condition [ 7 ]. (ijbs.com)
Adenovirus-mediated hepatic overexpression of SR-BI has preferentially increased its canalicular membranes distribution and resulted in accelerated biliary cholesterol secretion rate in wild type (WT) or Abcg5 KO mice [ 8 ]. (ijbs.com)
Glutathionylation state of uncoupling protein-2 and the control of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. (omicsdi.org)
In regard to preventing insulin release, ROS activates uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2), a mitochondrial inner membrane protein that negatively regulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. (omicsdi.org)
Mitochondrial uncoupling protein-2 is not involved in palmitate-induced impairment of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in INS-1E insulinoma cells and is not needed for the amplification of insulin release. (omicsdi.org)
Furthermore, we knocked down UCP2 in spheroid INS-1E cell clusters (pseudoislets) to test whether or not UCP2 regulates insulin secretion during prolonged glucose exposure. (omicsdi.org)
so did the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), which also decreased insulin secretion induced by glucose plus caffeine. (omicsdi.org)
Inhibitory ryanodine or NAC did not affect insulin secretion induced by glucose plus carbachol, which engages inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors. (omicsdi.org)
Incubation of islets with H2O2 in basal glucose increased insulin secretion 2-fold. (omicsdi.org)

Current widespread treatments for T2DM include metformin (suppressor of hepatic glucose production), sulfonylureas (insulin secretagogues), and the thiazolidinedione pioglitazone (PPAR agonist). (ddw-online.com)

Glucose diffuses into ASL via paracellular pathways at a rate determined by paracellular permeability and the transepithelial glucose gradient. (ersjournals.com)
Elucidating the function of the mutated gene, ALMS1 , is critical for the development of specific treatments and may uncover pathways relevant to a range of other disorders including common forms of obesity and type 2 diabetes. (springer.com)

GSD type IV, also known as amylopectinosis, Glycogen Branching enzyme deficiency (GBE) or Andersen disease, is a rare disease that leads to early death. (medscape.com)
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) a magic enzyme: it's role in diabetes mellitus and glucose homeostasis, interactions with fluroquionlones. (scielo.br)

Vitamin D has to be metabolically activated in the kidney, and patients with CKD including diabetic kidney disease (DKD) are not able to produce enough of the active form of vitamin D (1,25(OH) 2 D). Vice versa, the kidneys are assumed to be a classical 1,25(OH) 2 D target. (karger.com)
Homeostasis of body fluids is preserved primarily by the kidneys. (msdmanuals.com)

Furthermore, we show that PHGDH mutants (R135W and V261M) that are constitutively bound to 3-PGA abolish p53 activation even under low glucose conditions, while the mutants (T57A and T78A) unable to bind 3-PGA cause constitutive p53 activation and apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, even in the presence of high glucose. (bvsalud.org)

Muscle tissue is the primary site for glucose and triglyceride disposal, so muscle loss specifically increases the Muscle protein breakdown and synthesis largely are responsible for energy expenditure in resting muscle, which is approximately 11 to 12 calIdj1Ikgj1 of untrained muscle tissue. (tntstrength.com)
Nrf2 consists of six functional Neh domains (Neh1-Neh6), from which, the amino-terminal Neh2 domain controls binding Keap1-the inhibitor protein Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, that is responsible for the cytosolic sequestration of Nrf2 under physiological conditions (Fig. 2 a). (springer.com)
Here we report experiments designed to test the involvement of mitochondrial uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) in these glucolipotoxic effects. (omicsdi.org)
Recent study at IMBB, published in Cell Death and Disease revealed that CISD-1, an iron sulfur cluster binding protein implicated in the pathogenesis of the neurodegenerative disorder Wolfram Syndrome type 2, modulates longevity and proteostasis by engaging autophagy and the mitochondrial intrinsic apoptosis pathway. (forth.gr)
Using affinity purification-mass spectrometry and global phosphoproteomic and protein abundance analyses using three IAV strains (pH1N1, H3N2, H5N1) in three human cell types (A549, NHBE, THP-1), we map 332 IAV-human protein-protein interactions and identify 13 IAV-modulated kinases. (cdc.gov)
the amyloidogenic protein is typed using a variety of immunohistologic and biochemical techniques. (msdmanuals.com)

Importantly, we observed that enteroids from post-BS non-obese patients exhibited low dietary glucose absorption, indicating that altered glucose absorption is a potential mechanism for the immediate and clinically significant improvement in glucose homeostasis after BS, represented clinically by resolution of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) within weeks to months of surgery. (mayo.edu)
We explored the regulatory mechanism of ZEB1 in SSP flux using uniformly-labeled [13C]-glucose tracing analyses, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, luciferase report assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. (bvsalud.org)
In recent years, studies have suggested that antidiabetic medications may grant renoprotection through a mechanism other than affecting glucose homeostasis [1,2]. (escardio.org)
Scope: (-)-Epicatechin (EC) and main colonic phenolic acids derived from flavonoid intake, such as 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DHPAA), 3- hydroxyphenylpropionic acid (HPPA), and vanillic acid (VA), have been suggested to exert beneficial effects in diabetes, although the mechanism for their actions remains unknown. (faksignaling.com)
Our previous study indicated that this mechanism may be impaired by finasteride, a popular drug used in urology and dermatology, inhibiting 5α-reductase 2, which converts testosterone (T) into dihydrotestosterone (DHT). (nih.gov)
It is only recently that we and others have begun to investigate glucose transport as an important mechanism for maintaining a nutrient-depleted environment in the lung lumen to limit the growth of pathogenic organisms. (ersjournals.com)
A new study published by IMBB researchers shows that a transporter, found in mosquito legs can remove the insecticide out of the organism acting like a pump.This mechanism could be targeted to restore insecticide toxicity. (forth.gr)
By maintaining nuclear homeostasis, this molecular mechanism contributes critically to promote longevity and fertility. (forth.gr)

Defective crosstalk between the brain and peripheral organs contributes to the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes. (nature.com)
Obesity and type 2 diabetes have become the major health problems in many industrialized countries. (frontiersin.org)
In this way, we show data-based support of our hypothesis, which states that under conditions of food abundance incompetent brain-pull will lead to build-ups in the supply chain culminating in obesity and type 2 diabetes. (frontiersin.org)

In this study, the modulation of glucose homeostasis and insulin signalling by the mentioned compounds on renal proximal tubular NRK-52E cells was investigated. (faksignaling.com)
indeed, renal glucose reabsorption has been considered to have a pathophysiological role in diabetes [1]. (faksignaling.com)
Importantly, the gluconeogenesis is a differentiated function of the renal cortex that also contributes to the glucose homeostasis, as well as to the insulin modulatory effects [2]. (faksignaling.com)
Consequently, treatments aimed at improving glucose homeostasis in renal cells are considered critical for optimal management of diabetes type 2 and to prevent, retard or treat associated renal complications. (faksignaling.com)
Individuals with CKD have disproportionately high rates of cardiovascular disease, progression to end-stage kidney disease requiring renal replacement therapy, and death [2-5] . (lww.com)
For instance, in the CREDENCE (Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation) trial, canagliflozin was associated with a reduction in the risks of kidney failure and cardiovascular events among participants with type 2 diabetes and CKD [8] . (lww.com)

These data indicate that simvastatin intervention rats may cause hyperglycemia by impairing the function of islet β cells and have an adverse effect on glucose homeostasis, especially on FPG level. (hindawi.com)
The role of zinc deficiency which could at least potentially exacerbate the cytokinine-induced damage in autoimmune attack which destroys the islet cell in type 1 diabetes is still not clear. (scirp.org)

In type 2 diabetes (late stage), beta cells fail to secrete insulin for maintaining the blood glucose level, owing to insulin resistance and genetic defect. (medscape.com)

Here, we consider a newly identified role for pulmonary glucose transport in maintaining low airway surface liquid (ASL) glucose concentrations and propose that this contributes to lung defence against infection. (ersjournals.com)
Vitamin D deficiency also contributes to many extraskeletal outcomes, including higher risk of type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus, allergy, autoimmunity, pregnancy complications, and many other pathologies. (karger.com)

Using serum samples of diabetic patients whose glucose concentrations were above the threshold (10.0 mmol/l), spectroscopic methods were used to determine the concentration of glucose and zinc. (scirp.org)
According to that theory, the hypothalamus controls food intake via receptors that measure glucose concentrations in the blood in order to keep blood glucose concentrations constant. (frontiersin.org)
These processes vary between species but universally maintain ASL glucose at 3-20-fold lower concentrations than plasma. (ersjournals.com)
This is in contrast to conditions in the gut and kidney, where luminal glucose concentrations regularly exceed plasma glucose concentrations [ 6 , 7 ]. (ersjournals.com)
ASL glucose concentrations are the net result of diffusion of glucose from blood and interstitial fluid across the respiratory epithelium into the ASL, and removal of glucose from ASL by epithelial glucose transport processes. (ersjournals.com)
Current model of the mechanisms controlling glucose concentrations in the surface liquid lining the airway and distal lung epithelium. (ersjournals.com)

Substantial evidence indicates that the brain, particularly the hypothalamus, is primarily responsible for the regulation of energy homeostasis. (nature.com)
The regulation of nutrient partitioning is arranged by complex interactions between hormones [i.e., insulin, growth hormone (GH), Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and glucocorticoids] aiming to favor glucose supply for milk synthesis that involves insulin action and the somatotropic axis [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
encoded by Nfe2l2 gene) is a transcription factor responsible for the regulation of cellular redox balance and protective antioxidant and phase II detoxification responses in mammals [ 1 , 2 ]. (springer.com)
In addition, insulin is the most important factor in the regulation of plasma glucose homeostasis, as it counteracts glucagon and other catabolic hormones-epinephrine, glucocorticoid, and growth hormone. (medscape.com)

We identified that enteroids from obese patients were characterized by glucose hyper-absorption (~ 5 fold) compared to non-obese patients. (mayo.edu)
Significant upregulation of major intestinal sugar transporters, including SGLT1, GLU2 and GLUT5 was responsible for hyper-absorptive phenotype and their pharmacologic inhibition significantly decreased glucose absorption. (mayo.edu)
Different glucose transporters are responsible for the absorption of acylated and nonacylated anthocyanins. (belmarrahealth.com)
Glucose transporters are involved in anthocyanin absorption, but different glucose transporters are responsible for the absorption of acylated and nonacylated anthocyanins. (technoblender.com)

The maintenance of normal glucose homeostasis requires a complex, highly integrated interaction among the liver, muscle, adipocytes, pancreas and neuroendocrine system. (uthscsa.edu)
Context The agreement between glucose-based and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)-based American Diabetes Association criteria in the diagnosis of normal glucose tolerance, prediabetes, or diabetes is under scrutiny. (medscape.com)

In the same year, Mayer (1953) presented the glucostatic theory which describes the blood glucose feedback system. (frontiersin.org)
However, he implicitly made the assumption that the body-to-brain energy flux was a passive process that was only determined by the available blood glucose. (frontiersin.org)
There are, however, still open questions with these pure "pull" concepts, since they cannot explain for example why all these people who carry the burden of their large fat depots and their high blood glucose eat at all. (frontiersin.org)
Kidney Blood Press Res (2021) 46 (2): 152-161. (karger.com)
However, while consuming these types of foods can be helpful in reducing the risk of diabetes, many other lifestyle changes are needed to ensure healthy blood sugar. (belmarrahealth.com)
Healthy Blood Sugar Support can also help to reduce excessive hunger or increased appetite, fatigue, and blood glucose spikes after meals. (belmarrahealth.com)
Anthocyanins are known to neutralize enzymes that can destroy connective tissues, promote cardiovascular health by preventing oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), protect blood vessel walls from oxidative damage, and support healthy blood glucose levels. (bergamonte.net)
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a non-communicable disease throughout the world in which there is persistently high blood glucose level from the normal range. (scielo.br)
Thirty rats with fasting blood glucose higher than 11.7 mmol/L were randomly divided into diabetes (DM) and TSF groups, 15 rats in each group. (bvsalud.org)
That's got to be one of the reasons that the medical establishment transitioned a few years ago from the Fasting Blood Sugar to the A1c as a diagnostic tool for Pre-diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes. (thenutritiondebate.com)
I had to stop taking these other 2 anti-diabetes oral meds completely to avoid hypos (dangerously low blood sugars), but have continued for the last 14 years on the quarter-dose Metformin. (thenutritiondebate.com)
My blood sugar control, as measured by fasting blood glucose, improved overnight and very dramatically. (thenutritiondebate.com)
P rediabetes is presently defined as moderately elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG), and is estimated to affect 79 million adult Americans, or 35% of the adult population. (ddw-online.com)
The patient is given 1 mg of intravenous glucagon, and the response of the blood glucose level is measured. (medscape.com)

Results obtained showed a negative correlation between level of glucose and zinc. (scirp.org)
The animals from F1:Fin group have statistically elevated level of glucose. (nih.gov)

Additionally, sugar transporters responsible for hyper-absorptive phenotype represent potential targets for future drugs that could provide an alternative approach to BS. (mayo.edu)

To investigate the effect of simvastatin on glucose homeostasis in streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetic rats. (hindawi.com)

However, the codon 206 polymorphism may be related to the interindividual variation in fasting and oral glucose-induced serum insulin levels. (diabetesjournals.org)
Northern hybridization analysis indicates highest levels of expression in liver and pancreas ( 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Importantly, caloric restriction that lowers whole-body glucose levels can impede HCC growth dependent on PHGDH. (bvsalud.org)
Metformin helps normalize glucose levels and therefore may slow changes in PhAge. (lifespan.io)
Expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 in colonic smooth muscle layer were measured by Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. (bvsalud.org)
2] The patient is instructed to fast, and plasma glucose, insulin, proinsulin, and C-peptide levels are measured every 6 hours until the plasma glucose level is less than 65 mg/dL, after which the testing frequency is increased to every 1-2 hours. (medscape.com)

When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, human GLUT10 exhibited 2-deoxy- d -glucose transport with an apparent K m of ∼0.3 mmol/l ( 3 ). (diabetesjournals.org)

As a result, glucose reabsorption may be increased by as much as 20% in individuals with poorly controlled diabetes. (uthscsa.edu)

The development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is highly influenced by complex interactions between genetic and environmental (dietary and lifestyle) factors. (researchsquare.com)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major medical problem worldwide, and its development is highly affected by complex interactions between genetic and environmental (dietary and lifestyle) factors 1 . (researchsquare.com)
While genetic factors have been associated with T2DM in population studies 2 , the effect sizes of identified variants are typically very small. (researchsquare.com)
It is divided into type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which account for 5-10% and 90-95% of DM cases resepectively. (xiahepublishing.com)
Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are also more common across type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. (karger.com)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for approximately 90% of the cases of diabetes. (ddw-online.com)
However, the recent ACCORD and ADVANCE trials in patients with longstanding T2DM have shown that aggressive glucose control in such patients has no clear benefits, or may even increase CVD events (3). (ddw-online.com)

We measured body weight, fasting plasma glucose, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride after an overnight fast. (hindawi.com)
Glucose, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) test kits were detected using automatic biochemistry analyzer. (hindawi.com)

Our understanding of the role of glucose transport in the lung and the mechanisms that regulate glucose movement across the human lung epithelium lags far behind that of the gut and kidney. (ersjournals.com)

Both types have the same long-term complications. (scirp.org)
In youth-onset type 2 DM, complications appear early and develop rapidly [1,2]. (escardio.org)

The objective for this study was to determine the effect of berberine (BBR) during the peripartal period on hormonal alteration and somatotropic axis in dairy goats as well as glucose and insulin kinetics during an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT). (biomedcentral.com)
Glucose homeostasis was ascertained by an oral glucose tolerance test, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test. (ox.ac.uk)
Participants All 854 participants without known diabetes had both oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and HbA1c measurements on the same day of the 2008 phase. (medscape.com)
The diagnosis of T2D by using fasting glucose and/or an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is endorsed by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the World Health Organization. (medscape.com)

It can also induce other antioxidants, such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). (nature.com)
The multifunctional regulator nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) is considered not only as a cytoprotective factor regulating the expression of genes coding for anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and detoxifying proteins, but it is also a powerful modulator of species longevity. (springer.com)

The latest research has shown that the acylated and nonacylated anthocyanins can impact type 2 diabetes in different ways," Chen summarizes. (technoblender.com)

Open up in BGJ398 inhibition another window Body 2 Scatter plots evaluating immune system cell phenotypes between major tumor as well as the matching peritoneal lesion. (tech-strategy.org)

Altogether, our results indicated an improved glucose and insulin status along with the modulation of the somatotropic axis and glucose and insulin response to IVGTT in dairy goats supplemented with 2 and 4 g/d BBR. (biomedcentral.com)

More recently, some studies [ 5 ] have reported that statin therapy may affect glucose homoeostasis in type 2 diabetes patients. (hindawi.com)

Biochem Soc Trans (2021) 49 (2): 579-590. (silverchair.com)

OBJECTIVE: A previous genome-wide association study linked overexpression of an ATP-binding cassette transporter, ABCC5, in humans with a susceptibility to developing type 2 diabetes with age. (ox.ac.uk)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is ordinarily associated with dyslipidemia, which presents a synergistic risk factor for cardiovascular disease [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Statin therapy is effective for reduction of cardiovascular events [ 2 ] and is commonly recognized as being safe and well tolerated [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Moreover, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is 2-4 times higher in diabetics (2). (ddw-online.com)

Type 1 diabetes (clinical diagnosis and/or positive GAD antibodies). (mayo.edu)

Transdifferentiation is a type of cellular reprogramming involving the conversion of one differentiated cell type to another. (silverchair.com)

Do you want to increase your intake of beneficial vegetables for type 2 diabetes but don't know where to start? (belmarrahealth.com)

During oversupply of nutrients, white adipose tissue (WAT) actively regulates whole-body energy homeostasis by storing lipids and secreting adipokines 4 . (researchsquare.com)
GSD type Ia demonstrates deficient G6Pase activity in the fresh and frozen liver tissue. (medscape.com)
GSD type Ib demonstrates normal G6Pase activity in the frozen tissue samples and lowered activity in the fresh specimens. (medscape.com)

Understanding of mechanisms underlying lung glucose homeostasis could identify new therapeutic targets for control of ASL glucose and prevention and treatment of lung infection. (ersjournals.com)

[ 1 ] In 1952, Cori and Cori demonstrated that glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) deficiency was a cause of GSD type I. (medscape.com)
GSD type III is also known as Forbes-Cori disease or limit dextrinosis. (medscape.com)
The energy required to operate the Cori cycle further reduces available glucose. (lifespan.io)

Anatomy17

Organisms8

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs88

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment11

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes24

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Metabolism24

Uptake12

Modulate glucose and lipid metabolisms1

Role in glucose homeostasis3

Metabolic20

GLUT7

Lipid3

Facilitative glucose transporter1

SGLT5

Hyperglycaemia3

Inhibitors6

Plasma glucose levels2

Secretion12

Hepatic glucose production1

Pathways2

Glycogen2

Kidneys2

Presence of high glucose1

Protein6

Mechanism8

Obesity and type 2 diabet3

Renal6

Islet2

Insulin resistance1

Contributes2

Concentrations6

Regulation4

Absorption4

Normal glucose2

Blood14

Level of glucose2

Additionally1

Rats1

Levels6

GLUT101

Reabsorption1

T2DM7

Triglyceride2

Regulate glucose1

Complications2

Tolerance4

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor2

Acylated and nonacylated anthocyanins1

Inhibition1

Modulation1

Diabetes patients1

20211

Humans1

Cardiovascular3

Clinical1

Cellular1

Beneficial1

Tissue3

Mechanisms1

Cori3