• In 1993, Lee et al cloned a human complementary DNA, rBAT (renal basic amino acid transporter) in chromosome 2, encoding a transport protein for cystine and dibasic amino acids. (medscape.com)
  • Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 2B1 (OATP2B1) is an influx transporter expressed widely throughout the body in tissues such as intestine, liver, brain, placenta and skeletal muscle. (helsinki.fi)
  • Since many clinically used drugs are transported by OATP2B1, changes in the function of the transporter due to genetic polymorphism could lead to altered pharmacokinetics or -dynamics of OATP2B1 substrate drugs. (helsinki.fi)
  • We hypothesized that inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) decreases amino acid uptake in primary human trophoblast (PHT) cells by activation of Nedd4-2, which increases transporter ubiquitination resulting in decreased transporter expression in the plasma membrane. (portlandpress.com)
  • mTORC 1 inhibition increased the expression of Nedd4-2, promoted ubiquitination and decreased the plasma membrane expression of SNAT2 (an isoform of the System A amino acid transporter) and LAT1 (a System L amino acid transporter isoform), resulting in decreased cellular amino acid uptake. (portlandpress.com)
  • Because placental mTORC1 is inhibited in fetal growth restriction and activated in fetal overgrowth, we propose that regulation of placental amino acid transporter ubiquitination by mTORC1 and Nedd4-2 constitutes a molecular mechanisms underlying abnormal fetal growth. (portlandpress.com)
  • Kinetic analyses identified BioY as a high-capacity transporter which was converted into a high-affinity system in the presence of BioMN. (tcdb.org)
  • Carnitine uptake was also noncompetitively inhibited by verapamil and quinidine, inhibitors of the multidrug resistance family of membrane transporters, suggesting that the carnitine transporter may share a functional motif with this class of transporters. (qxmd.com)
  • In this study, we have compared and contrasted the transport properties of this cloned protein expressed in Xenopus oocytes with the native transporter present in rabbit intestinal brush borders. (xenbase.org)
  • have presented the crystal structure of apo-ApcT, a proton-coupled broad-specificity amino acid transporter, at 2.35 Å resolution. (tcdb.org)
  • Carbohydrate uptake transporter. (expasy.org)
  • Cobalt uptake transporter (cbiO). (expasy.org)
  • Ferric iron uptake transporter. (expasy.org)
  • Hydrophobic amino acid uptake transporter. (expasy.org)
  • Manganese/Zinc/Iron chelate uptake transporter. (expasy.org)
  • Molybdate uptake transporter. (expasy.org)
  • Nitrate/Nitrite/Cyanate uptake transporter. (expasy.org)
  • Peptide/Opine/Nickel uptake transporter. (expasy.org)
  • Phosphate uptake transporter. (expasy.org)
  • Phosphonate uptake transporter. (expasy.org)
  • Polyamine/Opine/Phosphonate uptake transporter. (expasy.org)
  • Quaternary amine uptake transporter. (expasy.org)
  • Sulfate uptake transporter. (expasy.org)
  • Thiamin uptake transporter (thiamin/thiamin pyrophosphate) (thiQ/yabJ). (expasy.org)
  • high confidence medium confidence low confidence transporter - transporters and PTS systems are shaded because predicting their specificity is particularly challenging. (lbl.gov)
  • high-affinity branched-chain amino acid ABC transporter, ATP-binding protein LivF. (lbl.gov)
  • branched chain amino acid/phenylalanine ABC transporter ATP binding subunit LivF (EC 7.4.2.2). (lbl.gov)
  • High-affinity branched-chain amino acid transport ATP-binding protein BraG, component of Branched chain amino acid uptake transporter. (lbl.gov)
  • Catalytic subunit of the KtrAB potassium uptake transporter. (liberumbio.com)
  • To demonstrate that rat alveolar macrophages (AM) exhibited the PepT1-like transporter for the uptake of arginine (Arg)-containing small peptides and utilized these peptides as direct substrates for nitric oxide (NO) production. (cdc.gov)
  • The uptake of Arg-Lys*, beta-Ala-Lys*, and Gly-Sar-Lys* was blocked (approximately 50%) by cephradine (an inhibitor of PepT1 for peptide transport) but not by Lys (an inhibitor on cationic amino acid transporter 2B for Arg transport). (cdc.gov)
  • This study shows that AM exhibit PepT1-like transporter for small peptide uptake. (cdc.gov)
  • Arginine-containing peptides, through the PepT1 transporter system, can serve as direct substrates of iNOS for the production of NO by AM. (cdc.gov)
  • We show that functional expression of GLUT2 in yeast requires the deletion of the extended extracellular loop connecting transmembrane domains TM1 and TM2, which appears to negatively affect the trafficking of the transporter in the heterologous expression system. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • Furthermore, single amino acid substitutions at specific positions of the transporter sequence appear to positively affect the functionality of both GLUT2 and GLUT3 in yeast. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • At the opposite end of the transporter spectrum from uniporters are the molecular devices that carry out primary active transport. (biologists.com)
  • Novel crystal structures of a homo-dimeric amino acid transporter (ArtI-Q2N2) in complex with two substrate molecules raise some important questions concerning the general mechanism of Type I importers: (i) are two substrate molecules required to trigger ATP hydrolysis in a homo-dimeric transporter? (hu-berlin.de)
  • and (iii) can a hetero-dimeric transporter be converted into a homo-dimeric system? (hu-berlin.de)
  • We propose to address these questions in the next and final funding period as follows, using again the well-characterized hetero-dimeric histidine transporter, HisJ/LAO-QMP2, of S. Typhimurium and the homo-dimeric arginine transporter, ArtJ-(MP)2 of Geobacillus stearothermophilus as model systems. (hu-berlin.de)
  • Current investigations on the interactions of the binding protein HisJ and the HisQMP2 transporter during the transport cycle studied by EPR(DEER) spectroscopy will be continued. (hu-berlin.de)
  • Furthermore, we will apply site-directed mutagenesis combined with ATPase and transport assays to study the functional consequences of inactivating one of two substrate binding sites in the Art(MP)2 transporter. (hu-berlin.de)
  • Although lack of GSH reduces transcription of the branched amino acid transporter, this was not the case for all uptake transport systems, for example, the amino acid permease. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Extracellular excitatory amino acids are mainly transported into cells by excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) expressed on astrocytes to avoid excessive excitation of neurons. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Placental amino acid transfer is critically dependent on the expression of specific transporters in the plasma membrane of the trophoblast, the transporting epithelium of the human placenta. (portlandpress.com)
  • 2006 ) revealed the similarity of BioMN to homologous modules of prokaryotic transporters mediating uptake of metals, amino acids and vitamins. (tcdb.org)
  • Proton-coupled sugar and amino acid transporters in plants. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • They proposed that Lys158 is central to proton-coupled transport and that the amine group serves the same functional role as the Na2 ion in LeuT, thus demonstrating common principles among proton- and sodium-coupled transporters. (tcdb.org)
  • ABC transporters belong to the ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) superfamily which uses the hydrolysis of ATP to energize diverse biological systems. (expasy.org)
  • Measurement of [ 14 C]betaine uptake by HEK293 cells transiently transfected with human or rat sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporters (SNATs), SNAT1, SNAT2 and SNAT4 revealed that only human and rat SNAT2 have betaine uptake activity. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Structural and functional analyses of MFS transporters suggest an alternating-access mechanism for the transport of substrates across the membrane. (embl-hamburg.de)
  • Since MFS transporters are found in all branches of life and often with numerous gene copies, we believe that many if not all of these transporters follow a common transport mechanism. (embl-hamburg.de)
  • Proton-coupled oligopeptide transporters of the PepT family (also known as the POT family) are responsible for the uptake of a range of different di- and tripeptides, derived from the digestion of dietary proteins, and are highly conserved in all kingdoms of life. (embl-hamburg.de)
  • Characterisation of pro- and eukaryotic nutrient transporters in various states of the transport cycle using X-ray crystallography and/or cryo-EM to decipher a common transport mechanism of MFS transporters. (embl-hamburg.de)
  • Insights into structure and function of transport regulators of nutrient transporters by structural systems biology approaches. (embl-hamburg.de)
  • Moreover, several amino acid transporters are reported as being associated with pathogenesis [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To identify and characterize potential GLUT2 and GLUT3 ligands, we developed a whole-cell system based on a yeast strain deficient in hexose uptake, whose growth defect on glucose can be rescued by the functional expression of human transporters. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • ii) do only homo-dimeric amino acid transporters contain two substrate binding sites or does this hold also for hetero-dimeric systems? (hu-berlin.de)
  • GSH is not involved in the regulation of the activity of Rlv3841's transporters via the global regulator of transport, PtsNTR. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Peptidases in the glycocalyx cleave proteins to amino acids or small peptides. (wikipedia.org)
  • These transport proteins appear to be unique to mitochondria, plant plastids, and obligate-intracellular bacteria. (usda.gov)
  • Possibly, these two transmembrane proteins comprise the pathway for transmembrane transport. (tcdb.org)
  • When evidence suggests that homologous membrane transport proteins of the ABC2 type couple transport to ATP hydrolysis using a homologue of the ABC-type ATPases, we list these proteins in the ABC superfamily. (tcdb.org)
  • Their proteomes comprised various proteins for uptake and transport functions and amino acid metabolization. (ufz.de)
  • L-Aspartic acid is used as a cell culture media component for the commercial biomanufacture of therapeutic recombinant proteins and monoclonal antibodies. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Prokaryotic importers require additional extracytoplasmic binding proteins (one or more per systems) for function. (expasy.org)
  • These genomes reveal diverse mobile elements, including an integrative viral genome that bidirectionally replicates in a circular form and aloposons, transposons that encode the 5,000 amino acid-sized proteins Otus and Ephialtes. (darkenergybiosphere.org)
  • Abnormal ferroportin proteins cannot transport and release iron from intestinal or reticuloendothelial cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In this study, we have developed a biolayer interferometry (BLI)-based assay to determine dominant binding epitopes of the HA1 in antibody response to influenza vaccines using a panel of recombinant HA1 proteins of A(H1N1)pdm09 virus with each carrying a single amino acid substitution. (cdc.gov)
  • Hepatocellular uptake of peptides--II. (nih.gov)
  • Transport and utilization of arginine and arginine-containing peptides by rat alveolar macrophages. (cdc.gov)
  • The uptake of small peptides by rat AM was evaluated using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled (*) peptides (Arg-Lys*, Gly-Sar-Lys*, and beta-Ala-Lys*), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of potential peptide degradation, and known inhibitors of Arg and PepT1 transport. (cdc.gov)
  • NO production by AM through Arg and Arg-containing peptides was studied with and without inhibition by transport inhibitors. (cdc.gov)
  • The importance of amino acid availability for the stimulatory effects of insulin to be evident was highlighted by Bennet et al , 3 who reported that insulin, given with sufficient amino acids, can stimulate leg and whole body protein balance by mechanisms including stimulation of protein synthesis and inhibition of protein breakdown. (bmj.com)
  • mTORC1 inhibition by silencing of raptor failed to decrease amino acid transport following Nedd4-2 silencing. (portlandpress.com)
  • Both pH dependence and inhibition by protonophores are consistent with a proton symport mechanism for amino acid uptake by P. involutus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Dixon plots of the inhibition of glutamate uptake by alanine, lysine and methionine sulfoximine showed that inhibitions were competitive. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Inhibition studies using other amino acids or their analogues provided information about the specificity of this system. (docksci.com)
  • Kinetic studies of the inhibition of L-alanine uptake also indicated the presence of a second neutral amino acid transport system capable of transporting this amino acid. (docksci.com)
  • Inhibition of the uptake of L-leucine indicated that this transport system has a similar specificity to the '%''-system initially described for Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. (docksci.com)
  • Cortisol enhances gluconeogenesis and provides substrate through proteolysis, protein synthesis inhibition, fatty acid mobilization, and enhanced hepatic amino acid uptake. (medscape.com)
  • Competition studies indicated a broad substrate recognition by the uptake system, which resembles the general amino acid permease of yeast. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Temperature sensitivity and substrate specificity of two distinct Na+-activated D-glucose transport systems in guinea pig jejunal brush border membrane vesicles. (xenbase.org)
  • Characterization of the D-glucose/Na+ cotransport system in the intestinal brush-border membrane by using the specific substrate, methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside. (xenbase.org)
  • This alanine transport system was shown to exhibit a broad substrate specificity and appeared to be capable of transporting most naturally occurring neutral a-amino acids. (docksci.com)
  • KtrA is the regulatory subunit and plays an important role in the substrate specificity and transport mechanism of the system. (liberumbio.com)
  • One of the cotransported substrates (the driving substrate) always moves across the membrane in a direction that dissipates its electrochemical gradient, established directly or indirectly by primary active transport. (biologists.com)
  • The energetically uphill translocation of the driven substrate has led some workers to refer to cotransport as secondary active transport. (biologists.com)
  • Until recently, this was also the only system for which a (single) substrate binding site had been identified within the transmembrane domains. (hu-berlin.de)
  • Finally, by random mutagenesis, we hope to isolate suppressor mutations in HisJ/HisQM that allow homo-dimeric variants (HisM2P2 and HisQ2P2) to transport substrate coupled to ATP hydrolysis. (hu-berlin.de)
  • It fails to efficiently utilise various compounds as a sole carbon source, including glucose, succinate, glutamine and histidine, and shows 60%-69% reduction in uptake rates of glucose, succinate and the non-metabolisable substrate α-amino isobutyric acid. (ox.ac.uk)
  • SN1 mediates amino acid transport with a substrate specifity identical to the amino acid transport system N. It is mainly expressed in astrocytes and hepatocytes and presumably accomplishes Na+ coupled glutamine uptake and efflux in those cells. (uni-tuebingen.de)
  • cRNA encoding SN1, Nedd4-2 and/or the respective kinases were injected into Xenopus oocytes and substrate induced currents or radioactive glutamine uptake taken as a measure of transport activity. (uni-tuebingen.de)
  • D . M . SCOTT AND J. A. PATEMAN ever, L-alanine also appeared to be capable of transport via a second "leucine preferring" uptake system. (docksci.com)
  • Cholesterol reduced both counterflow and proton motive force -driven leucine transport. (bvsalud.org)
  • Kinetic analysis of proton motive force -driven leucine uptake revealed that the Vmax decreased with an increasing cholesterol / phospholipid ratio while the Kt remained unchanged. (bvsalud.org)
  • The leucine transport activity decreased with the membrane fluidity , as determined by steady- state fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene incorporated into the fused membranes , suggesting that the membrane fluidity controls the activity of the branched-chain amino acid carrier. (bvsalud.org)
  • The uptake kinetics of leucine demonstrated thatfree-living cells had a smaller half-saturation constant than any of the surface-associated populations but a somewhat greater maximum velocity of uptake than the cells associated with all but the most hydrophobic substratum. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • According to the results, single amino acid changes in OATP2B1 can impair OATP2B1 function. (helsinki.fi)
  • BAIBA is one of the myokines, affectionately known as "exercise factors", which play a powerful role behind the benefits of regular exercise-increased glucose uptake, increased free fatty acid oxidation, and reduced fat mass. (naturalscience.com)
  • Human GLUT2 and GLUT3, members of the GLUT / SLC2 gene family, facilitate glucose transport in specific tissues. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • The defect in glucose uptake can be overcome by addition of exogenous GSH, indicating GSH, but not its bacterial synthesis, is required for efficient transport. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Glucagon works along with insulin to balance glucose distribution in the serum for transport to body tissues. (medscape.com)
  • Insulin stimulates glucose and amino acid uptake from the blood to tissues for functional use. (medscape.com)
  • Multiple transport pathways for neutral amino acids in rabbit jejunal brush border vesicles. (xenbase.org)
  • have been carried out to determine the characteristics of the active transport of neutral amino acids by either isolated mammalian cells or cells in culture. (docksci.com)
  • The studies reported in this paper describe the transport characteristics of certain neutral amino acids in monolayer cultures of the baby hamster kidney cell line BHK21-Cl3.Lalanine, which has been previously shown to be transported via the three major neutral amino acid transport systems in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells (Christensen, '69) was consequently examined in most detail. (docksci.com)
  • EMD, E. Merck, Darmstadt) and substrates of endogenous transport systems of liver cells were studied in isolated rat hepatocytes. (nih.gov)
  • Several substrates of other endogenous transport systems (e.g. bilirubin, cyclopeptides, monovalent cations, dipeptides, amino acids, fatty acids, hexoses) did not interfere with the transport of EMD 56133. (nih.gov)
  • A cellular uptake assay with estrone-3-sulfate and a fluorescent probe 4', 5'-dibromofluorescein (DBF) as substrates was set up and optimized. (helsinki.fi)
  • Both are also of great pharmacological and pharmaceutical interest as they accept a number of drugs and amino acid-conjugated prodrugs as substrates. (embl-hamburg.de)
  • Here, we aimed to identify the subtype(s) of system A that mediates hypertonicity-induced betaine uptake. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Kinetic analysis of mechanism of intestinal Na+-dependent sugar transport. (xenbase.org)
  • Moreover, our expression system is less laborious for detailed kinetic characterization of inhibitors than alternative methods such as the preparation of proteoliposomes or uptake assays in Xenopus oocytes. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • Transport processes play a pivotal role in pathogen metabolism, e.g. for the uptake of nutrients and excretion of harmful agents [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is now apparent that both increased insulin and increased availability of amino acids are important for maximizing muscle protein anabolism. (bmj.com)
  • 5 However, consumption of both amino acids and CHO results in much greater effects on muscle protein anabolism, 6 suggesting an interactive effect between insulin, amino acid availability, and resistance exercise. (bmj.com)
  • In addition, we unveiled that NdgR also controls ABC transport system of glutamate, branched chain amino acid, phosphate and methionine, carbohydrate uptakes, carbohydrate metabolism in PTS, glycerol metabolism, cell stress response, and tolerance to toxic materials. (snu.ac.kr)
  • We show that these variants are sensitive to known inhibitors phloretin and quercetin, demonstrating the potential of our expression systems to significantly accelerate the discovery of compounds that modulate the hexose transport activity of GLUT2 and GLUT3. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • This facilitates transport of numerous small molecules into the enterocyte from the intestinal lumen. (wikipedia.org)
  • Smaller lipids are transported into intestinal capillaries, while larger lipids are processed by the Golgi and smooth endoplasmic reticulum into lipoprotein chylomicra and exocytozed into lacteals. (wikipedia.org)
  • alpha-Methylglucoside satisfies only Na+-dependent transport system of intestinal epithelium. (xenbase.org)
  • Sugar uptake by intestinal basolateral membrane vesicles. (xenbase.org)
  • The amount of iron absorbed during digestion depends on the amount of iron transported from intestinal and reticuloendothelial cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Localization of the membrane defect in transepithelial transport of taurine by parallel studies in vivo and in vitro in hypertaurinuric mice. (jci.org)
  • This is the first time that a hereditary defect in amino acid transport has been assigned to a specific membrane surface in mammalian kidney. (jci.org)
  • After correction for a non-mediated transport component, the kinetics of glutamate, glutamine, alanine and aspartate uptake measured over a wide concentration range followed the simple Michaelis-Menten saturation curves. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • This ability to import ATP directly allows bacteria that posses this enzyme to act as "energy parasites" and uptake ATP produced by their hosts. (usda.gov)
  • When bacteria in the intestines help digest food, they produce and consume metabolites-amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates, and other nutrients the body needs. (uchicagomedicine.org)
  • This in turn affects the levels of metabolites these bacteria produce, affecting downstream processes like the immune system and nutrient uptake. (uchicagomedicine.org)
  • The major function of ABC import systems is to provide essential nutrients to bacteria. (expasy.org)
  • Considerable progress has been made in the characterisation of the various amino acid transport systems in bacteria and fungi, but the number and specificity of similar transport systems in mammalian cells is less clear. (docksci.com)
  • Bacteria are equipped with a broad variety of transport systems [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • When incubated with amino acids at a concentration of l0μg C l-1 after attachment, the proportion of attached bacteria that assimilated amino acids and the rate of assimilation per cell, was greater than, or similar to, that of free-living bacteria. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • 2 On the other hand, if amino acid concentrations are maintained at normal or higher concentrations, net protein deposition in muscle will occur because of stimulation of synthesis and possibly because of a simultaneous decrease in breakdown. (bmj.com)
  • Also, it is well established that the stimulatory effect of amino acids on muscle protein synthesis is greater after exercise than at rest. (bmj.com)
  • Many bioY genes are located at loci encoding biotin biosynthesis or are unlinked to either biotin synthesis or other biotin transport genes. (tcdb.org)
  • Previously, NdgR was identified by DNA affinity capture assay (DACA) and mass spectrometric analysis as a global regulator that controls amino acids synthesis, quorum sensing and antibiotics production. (snu.ac.kr)
  • Kinetics and specificity of amino acid uptake by the duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza (L.). Schleiden. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • If hyperinsulinaemia is not supported by an exogenous amino acid supply, plasma as well as muscle free amino acid concentrations fall because of reduced splanchnic release. (bmj.com)
  • Uptake studies using radiolabeled ATP demonstrated that the translocase could indeed transport exogenous ATP into the cell. (usda.gov)
  • The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is unaffected by exogenous glucocorticoids, and ACTH deficiency has a relatively minor effect on aldosterone levels. (medscape.com)
  • Among them, we focused on sco4677, an antagonistic regulator of sigma factor F, and sco4228 (phoU), a phosphate transport system regulator. (snu.ac.kr)
  • Gymnemic Acid blocks the sugar receptors on your tastebuds, which makes eating sweets less appealing. (naturalscience.com)
  • 2003), and (c) availability of T lymphocytes way how skin sensitization is dealt with in toxicological with T-cell receptors specific for the hapten-peptide con- risk assessment: while older test systems aimed at pure jugates formed (Budinger et al. (cdc.gov)
  • BioMNY-mediated biotin uptake was severely impaired by replacement of the Walker A lysine residue of BioM, demonstrating dependency of high-affinity transport on a functional ATPase. (tcdb.org)
  • Foods and beverages containing other amino acids, such as l-lysine, l-ornithine, and l-cysteine can lead to saturation of the bodies absorption system leading to an excess of unabsorbed amino acids, including the L-Arginine in ProArgi-9 Plus, thereby creating gastrointestinal distress. (complementary-therapists.com)
  • Although the bacterial translocase has been characterized in other intercellular pathogens such as Chlamydia trachomatis and Rickettsia prowazeki, this is the first characterization of an ATP/ADP translocases in an obligate-intracellular plant pathogen and, given the conservation of the ATP uptake mechanism, may represent an evolutionary link between plant and animal pathogens. (usda.gov)
  • The presence of this conserved mechanism for ATP uptake in both plant and animal pathogens may serve as an evolutionary link between the two. (usda.gov)
  • Based on 3-d structures of APC superfamily members, Rudnick ( 2011 ) has proposed the pathway for transport and suggested a 'rocking bundle' mechanism of transport. (tcdb.org)
  • This suggests GSH alters activity and/or assembly of transport systems by an unknown mechanism. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Initial rates of 14C-alpha-methyl-D-glucopyranoside uptake into brush border membrane vesicles and Xenopus oocytes were measured as a function of the external sodium, sugar, and phlorizin concentrations. (xenbase.org)
  • Sugar uptake into oocytes and brush borders was Na+-dependent (Hill coefficient 1.5 and 1.7), phlorizin inhibitable (Ki 6 and 9 microM), and saturable (alpha-methyl-D-glucopyranoside Km 110 and 570 microM). (xenbase.org)
  • This amino acid was demonstrated to be preferentially transported into BHK2l -C13 cells via a relatively low affinity, high capacity active transport system of broad specificity. (docksci.com)
  • Our patented molecule is designed for performance, providing superior uptake and absorption by utilizing the amino acid transport system to deliver the most efficient and effective nutrition on the market. (zinpro.com)
  • Therefore, nutrient transport through the plasma membrane is essential to maintain homeostasis within the cell. (embl-hamburg.de)
  • Using RapidStart stimulates prolific root branching and development of fine root hairs that increase nutrient uptake and grow healthier, whiter roots. (hydrobuilder.com)
  • Enriched with stress reducing vitamins and nutrient transporting acids, it promotes heavy production of essential oils, fantastic flavors, and increases fruiting and flower development. (hydrobuilder.com)
  • With high concentrations of vitamins, complex sugars, amino acids, phytostimulants, polyflavonoids, and aromatic oils in an organic fulvic base, Floralicious Plus enhances mineral nutrient uptake and transport in your plants. (hydrobuilder.com)
  • Diamond Nectar - Diamond Nectar applies the magic of humic acids to nutrient rich hydroponic environments by grabbing these nutrient minerals and transporting them into plant roots for faster growth and higher yields. (hydrobuilder.com)
  • When a second nutrient and its metabolic pathway are introduced, the system must further decide whether and how to activate both pathways. (lu.se)
  • RapidStart - RapidStart enhances your growing experience by delivering a powerful blend of premium plant extracts, amino acids, and nutrients generating explosive root growth. (hydrobuilder.com)
  • The transport of L-alanine by the hamster kidney cell line BHK-21-C13. (docksci.com)
  • ABSTRACT The uptake of L-alanine into BHK21-Cl3 cells i n culture has been studied. (docksci.com)
  • However, it is unlikely that this second uptake system contributes greatly to L-alanine uptake. (docksci.com)
  • The aim of this Master's thesis was to create and optimize a cellular uptake assay to study the function of OATP2B1. (helsinki.fi)
  • With the assay, OATP2B1-mediated uptake of variants was compared to the transport activity of OATP2B1 wild type. (helsinki.fi)
  • Prior to amino acid transport assay cells were harvested during exponential growth, inoculated into 60 mm petri dishes (Gibco-Biocult) a t a density of 5.3 x lo3 cells/cm' and incubated as above for 48 hours. (docksci.com)
  • Uptake assay procedure Amino acid uptake was examined using a modification of the method described by Hatanaka et al. (docksci.com)
  • Subsequent competition assays revealed that the system was highly specific for ATP and ADP but not other ribonucleotides. (usda.gov)
  • Competition assays in the heterologous E. coli system demonstrated that the translocase was highly specific for ATP and ADP but other nucleotides, if present in high concentrations, could also be uptaken and/or block the ability of the translocase to uptake ATP. (usda.gov)
  • Before these Peru isolates, no circulation of amino acid- antigenic drift of viruses in global populations is essential for 134 deletion mutants in the Americas was documented. (cdc.gov)
  • As little as one amino acid substitution in the HA1 can result in an antigenic drift of influenza viruses, indicating the dominance of some epitopes in the binding of HA to polyclonal serum antibodies. (cdc.gov)
  • The ABC module (approximately two hundred amino acid residues) is known to bind and hydrolyze ATP, thereby coupling transport to ATP hydrolysis in a large number of biological processes. (expasy.org)
  • High-affinity system: This system is affected in persons with cystinuria. (medscape.com)
  • In contrast, the sodium-dependent as well as the sodium-independent uptake of cholate and the total uptake of taurocholate were non-competitively blocked, whereas EMD 56133 decreased the uptake of the cyclosomatostatin 008 in an uncompetitive manner. (nih.gov)
  • Coupled transport of sodium and organic solutes. (xenbase.org)
  • This amino acid appears to be transported essentially via a relatively low affinity, high capacity, sodium ion dependent transport system. (docksci.com)
  • an increase in the sodium- and potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase (Na+/K+ ATPase) enzyme responsible for sodium transport, as well as increased carbonic anhydrase activity, has been suggested. (medscape.com)
  • These findings indicate impaired beta-amino acid permeation on a low-Km uptake system at the luminal membrane in the taut- phenotype. (jci.org)
  • For the typical bacterium that can make all 20 amino acids, there are 1-2 gaps in amino acid biosynthesis pathways. (lbl.gov)
  • In control cells, saturable carnitine transport was energized by the electrochemical gradient of Na+. (qxmd.com)
  • Changes in placental amino acid transfer directly contribute to altered fetal growth, which increases the risk for perinatal complications and predisposes for the development of obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease later in life. (portlandpress.com)
  • Betaine uptake is induced by hypertonic stress in a placental trophoblast cell line, and involvement of amino acid transport system A was proposed. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Our results indicate that SNAT2 transports betaine, and that tonicity-sensitive SNAT2 expression may be involved in regulation of betaine concentration in placental trophoblasts. (elsevierpure.com)
  • This chapter compares the physiological and molecular mechanisms of Fe, Zn, Cd, and Pb uptake, mobilization, and accumulation in rice and discusses the progress and strategies for not only increasing Fe/Zn but also decreasing Cd/Zn accumulation in rice. (intechopen.com)
  • Primary carnitine deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by defective carnitine transport which impairs fatty acid oxidation and manifests as nonketotic hypoglycemia or skeletal or heart myopathy. (qxmd.com)
  • The wild-type SLCO1B1-gene encoding the OATP1B1 was virulent with baculovirus into the cells by the Bac-to-Bac® Baculovirus Expression System. (helsinki.fi)
  • The Las gene encoding the translocase (tlc) was subsequently expressed in Escherichia coli and shown to enable E.coli to uptake ATP directly into the cell. (usda.gov)
  • Expression of truncated bio transport operons, each with one gene deleted, resulted in stable BioMN complexes but revealed only low amounts of BioMY and BioNY aggregates in the absence of the respective third partner. (tcdb.org)
  • During spring 1999, Beijing/262/95-like variants, containing a The HA1 subunit of the H1N1 hemagglutinin protein consists characteristic deletion mutation at amino acid 134 of the HA of the globular head and contains five major antibody binding gene, were isolated from 13 persons at a DOD-GEIS influenza sites: Sa, Sb, Ca1, Ca2, and Cb (2-5). (cdc.gov)
  • Almost all SLC40A1 gene mutations change a single protein building block (amino acid) in ferroportin. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The SLC40A1 gene variation associated with increased iron stores replaces the amino acid glutamine with the amino acid histidine at position 248 in the ferroportin protein sequence and is written as Gln248His or Q248H. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In the case of the lac operon of E. coli, a well-studied system for whether a gene is regulated. (lu.se)
  • The Michaelis constants (K m ) of betaine uptake by human and rat SNAT2 were estimated to be 5.3 mM and 4.6 mM, respectively. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Betaine exclusively inhibited the uptake activity of SNAT2 among the rat system A subtypes. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Using the amino acid sequence from the Las encoded translocase, a homologous protein was identified in Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum (Lso), the bacterium associated with zebra chip disease. (usda.gov)
  • These tumors are pancreatic in origin and have symptoms including necrolytic migratory erythema, hyperglycemia , and reduced amino acids. (medscape.com)
  • Low-affinity system: This system is present in the S1-S2 part of the proximal tubule and is responsible for 90% of L-cystine reabsorption. (medscape.com)
  • Part of the Na(+)-dependent high affinity K(+) uptake system KtrAB. (liberumbio.com)
  • Our data point toward a fast and exclusive uptake of labeled necromass by a few specialists followed by a concerted action of groundwater microorganisms, including autotrophs presumably fueled by released, reduced nitrogen and sulfur compounds generated during necromass degradation. (ufz.de)
  • For more information, see the paper from 2019 on GapMind for amino acid biosynthesis, the paper from 2022 on GapMind for carbon sources, or view the source code . (lbl.gov)
  • Primary active transport involves conversion of energy stored in readily oxidized, reduced or hydrolyzed chemical bonds into electrochemical gradients of solutes, usually protons ( Nelson, 1994 ) or other cations, across membranes. (biologists.com)
  • The main subjects of this volume are the molecular devices that use the energy stored in the ion gradients generated by primary active transport to redistribute the actively transported ions, as well as many of the other organic and inorganic solutes of intracellular and extracellular fluids, across the membranes of cells and organelles. (biologists.com)
  • Canonical ABC transport systems mediating the uptake of solutes in prokaryotes are composed of an extracytoplasmic solute binding protein, two pore-forming subunits and an ATPase dimer. (hu-berlin.de)
  • Nedd4-2 silencing markedly increased the trafficking of SNAT2 and LAT1 to the plasma membrane, which stimulated cellular amino acid uptake. (portlandpress.com)
  • The association of huntingtin with the cytoplasmic surface of a variety of organelles, including transport vesicles, synaptic vesicles, microtubules, and mitochondria, raises the possibility of the occurrence of normal cellular interactions that might be relevant to neurodegeneration. (medscape.com)
  • OATP2B1 variants were expressed in human derived HEK293 cell line using baculovirus expression system. (helsinki.fi)
  • Heterologous expression of the bioMNY operon and of the single bioY of the α-proteobacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus conferred biotin-transport activity on recombinant E. coli cells. (tcdb.org)
  • Here, the function of regulation is quite clear: expressing energy and carbon, that a number around 0.2% would be the right genes at the right time will enable the cell to make the expected, and that the difference is more or less specific to the lac most of the resources within its reach, by maximizing the uptake operon [7]. (lu.se)
  • A limited amount of L-Arginine ProArgi-9 Plus in can be transported from the digestive tract to the blood at any given time. (complementary-therapists.com)
  • Aldosterone is released in response to angiotensin II stimulation via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, and dopamine antagonists. (medscape.com)
  • EMD 56133 did not interfere with transport systems for monovalent organic cations, amino acids and long chain fatty acids. (nih.gov)
  • In contrast, the uncharged compound ouabain (Ki = 200 microM) and the bivalent organic cation d-tubocurarine (Ki = 370 microM) competitively inhibited the uptake of the renin inhibitor. (nih.gov)
  • Our results suggest that transport systems for bivalent organic cations or uncharged compounds (ouabain) are able to eliminate the linear hydrophilic peptide tested. (nih.gov)
  • When the body is low on iron, hepcidin levels decrease and more ferroportin is available to transport iron into the bloodstream so it can be delivered to tissues throughout the body. (medlineplus.gov)