Transport of solutes. Medical search. Frequent questions

In clay soils solute transport measurements are difficult to take under conditions with varying θ, therefore it is suggested that only the indirect calibration approach should be used. (iwaponline.com)
Solute and contaminant transport in heterogeneous soils. (edu.au)
Analytical solutions of the FADE and the ADE were successfully fitted to the data from field experiments on chloride transport in sandy loam and clay loam soils. (asabe.org)
We found that macroporous soils dominated by a vertical crack network can produce downward flows during wetting that bypass the soil matrix (i.e., where salts are stored) while maintaining an equivalent amount of upward transport during drying relative to non-macroporous soils. (clemson.edu)
The soil-science community responded to this diversity of issues by developing numerical models to simulate the behavior of water and solutes in soils. (wur.nl)
Accurate modeling of water flow and solute transport in unsaturated soils is of significant importance for precision agriculture, environmental protection and aquifer management. (tau.ac.il)

Despite this, few studies have explored the influence of a PFF on the distribution of solute plumes in permeable rock formations, and the current understanding of PFF effects on solute plumes is based almost entirely on low-permeability rock matrices. (edu.au)
The FADE simulated scale effects on solute transport better than ADE. (asabe.org)

As it moves through the variably saturated soil column, the chemical attaches to solid particles, slowing the solute transport relative to the water. (comsol.com)
The attenuation of the solute particles due to chemical mixing depends on the nature of the sediment, the contaminant, and the geochemical environment ( Belhachemi & Addoun 2011 ). (iwaponline.com)
This can be explained assuming the movement of solute particles belongs to the family of Lévy motions. (asabe.org)
A technique to control the direction and rate of transport of colloidal particles in solution has been developed, using the partial concentration difference of salt occurs in salt water. (unist.ac.kr)
Professor Taesung Kim and his research team in the School of Mechanical Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering at UNIST presented a dynamic transport control mechanism for colloidal particles by developing a micro-/nanofluidic DP platform (MNDP). (unist.ac.kr)

The VS2DRTI package contains all the tools that a user needs to create, run, and view results for a simulation of flow and heat and reactive solute transport through variably saturated porous media. (usgs.gov)
A two-dimensional solute transport model for variably saturated porous media with different chemical ions has been investigated by Šimůnek & Suarez (1994) . (iwaponline.com)

Environmental concerns have drawn much research interest in solute transport through porous media. (iwaponline.com)
The transport of solutes in porous media is governed by a partial differential equation known as the advection-dispersion equation. (iwaponline.com)
In this study, a two-dimensional numerical model has been developed for solute transport through porous media. (iwaponline.com)
The migration of dissolved contaminants in porous media is mainly controlled by advective transport through the fractures combined with the diffusion of solutes into the relatively immobile pore water in the soil matrix between fractures. (iwaponline.com)
Early arrival and long tailing of breakthrough curves are observed for solute transport through heterogeneous porous media, which shows anomalous transport behaviour ( Levy & Berkowitz 2003 ). (iwaponline.com)
Thus, the advection-dispersion equation with a constant dispersion model is less adequate for simulating anomalous transport through heterogeneous porous media. (iwaponline.com)
For example, plumes are between 1.3 and 19 times wider than in associated porous media only scenarios, and medium-sized PFFs in moderately permeable matrices can reduce the maximum solute concentration by up to 10 4 times. (edu.au)
The objective of the first set of transport studies was to develop a novel methodology to quantify the effective diffusion coefficient of gamma-emitting radionuclides (i.e., 22 Na) in saturated porous media using a 1D gamma scanner. (clemson.edu)

Compounding the problem of conducting solute transport studies is the occurrence of preferential flow. (jswconline.org)
Pp. 117-120 in Preferential Flow, Water Movement and Chemical Transport in the Environment, Proc. (asabe.org)
Preferential flow and transport have environmental significance as their processes impact hydrology, ecology, agriculture, subsurface contamination, and waste management sectors. (clemson.edu)
Thus, the overall objective of this work is to understand flow and solute transport behaviors in vadose zone in the context of preferential flow and transport mechanisms. (clemson.edu)
A 1D numerical flow and transport model was used to elucidate and quantify influential factors impacting preferential flow and transport behaviors. (clemson.edu)
This work has the potential to influence and inform future work on preferential flow and transport or the broader hydrology community, particularly in relation to soil salinization issues. (clemson.edu)

The group that received intermittent stimulation showed an elevated level of solute uptake in limited areas, i.e., near/within the ventricles and on the ventral brain surface. (bvsalud.org)
It is concluded that rifampicin limits the hepatic entrance of digoxin and reduced the hepatic exposure of digoxin to CYP3A by inhibiting the basolateral Oatp2 uptake transport, whereas quinidine increased the hepatic exposure of digoxin to CYP3A by inhibiting the canalicular P-gp transport. (aspetjournals.org)

Afterward, a numerical model is used to simulate experimentally observed breakthrough curves for both conservative and non-conservative solutes. (iwaponline.com)
I am trying to simulate solute transport of acid (HCl) and consequent mineral dissolution around a grain (calcite). (stackexchange.com)

As in the proximal tubule, the reabsorption of other solutes in the thick segment of the ascending loop of Henle is closely linked to the reabsorptive capability of the sodium-potassium ATPase pump, which maintains a low intracellular sodium concentra-tion. (brainkart.com)
Numerous mechanisms can result in diminished reabsorption of solutes by the proximal tubule. (medscape.com)
Numerous symporters and antiporters affect the transport of solutes across the apical membrane of proximal tubule cells. (medscape.com)
Because of the large number of transport abnormalities observed in Fanconi syndrome, these anomalies are not likely due to alterations in the carriers, which are specific for each of the substances reabsorbed in the proximal tubule. (medscape.com)
A distinctive feature of type II pRTA is that it is nonprogressing, and when the serum bicarbonate is reduced to approximately 15 mEq/L, a new transport maximum for bicarbonate is established and the proximal tubule is able to reabsorb all of the filtered bicarbonate. (medscape.com)

The human solute carrier gene SLC35B4 encodes a bifunctional nucleotide sugar transporter with specificity for UDP-xylose and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine. (nih.gov)
This gene encodes a mitochondrial solute carrier protein family member. (nih.gov)
Solute carrier family 10 member 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC10A4 gene. (wikipedia.org)
The SLC34A1 gene mutations that cause infantile hypercalcemia 2 lead to production of an altered NaPi-IIa channel that cannot transport phosphate across kidney cell membranes. (medlineplus.gov)
The gene SLC39A4 was found to encode a solute carrier protein called human zinc/iron-regulated transporterlike protein (hZIP4). (medscape.com)

To allow resident solute concentration ( C r ) measurements, a calibration procedure is necessary for the relationship between σ a and C r . (iwaponline.com)
This co-transport protein carrier in the luminal membrane uses the potential energy released by downhill diffusion of sodium into the cell to drive the reabsorption of potassium into the cell against a concentration gradient. (brainkart.com)
2002) showed that incomplete mixing at the pore scale exerts a significant impact on transport of reactive solutes and that assuming complete mixing leads to overestimation of product concentration in bimolecular reactions. (unitn.it)
However, reactive transport is significantly affected by incomplete mixing at smaller scales, i.e., within a reference elementary volume (REV). We consider here the family of equilibrium reactions for which the concentration of the reactants and the product can be expressed as a function of the mixing ratio, the concentration of a fictitious non reactive solute. (unitn.it)
Thus the computer code can be implemented to calculate solute concentration at any nodal point at any given instant with a direct computation. (ncu.edu.tw)

The descending part of the thin segment is highly permeable to water and moderately permeable to most solutes, including urea and sodium. (brainkart.com)

VS2DRTI is also very useful for teaching the basics of soil physics and subsurface contaminant transport. (usgs.gov)
Typical applications of the programs are for studies of ground-water recharge, surface-water-ground-water exchange, and contaminant transport from waste disposal sites. (usgs.gov)

Two-dimensional numerical model developed for advection-dispersion transport equation. (iwaponline.com)
Solute dispersivity in the conventional advective-dispersive equation (ADE) was found to increase with a distance from the source. (asabe.org)
A one-dimensional solute transport equation was derived for Lévy motions using fractional derivatives to describe the dispersion. (asabe.org)
Previous analyses of these experimental results showed that, at the Darcy scale, conservative solute transport is well described by a standard advection dispersion equation, which assumes complete mixing at the pore scale. (unitn.it)
The spatially discretized two‐dimensional solute transport equation in a steady groundwater flow was solved by an eigenvalue technique. (ncu.edu.tw)
Hwang, JC, Cho, WC & Yeh, GT 1984, ' An eigenvalue solution continuous in time to the spatially discretized solute transport equation in steady groundwater flow ', Water Resources Research , 卷 20, 編號 11, 頁 1725-1732. (ncu.edu.tw)

Thus, transport parameters are estimated through numerical simulation of observed breakthrough curves. (iwaponline.com)
This research uses numerical modelling to examine solute plumes that pass through a PFF in permeable rock, to explore the PFF's influence on plume migration. (edu.au)
We focus on single-phase transport of a passive tracer under advection-dominated regimes and compare PNM with high-fidelity direct numerical simulations (DNS) for a range of micromodel heterogeneities. (psu.edu)
Two-dimensional flow and transport numerical simulations were used as benchmarks to examine the suitability of the described approach. (tau.ac.il)

The disposition of digoxin and the influence of the organic anion transporting polypeptide (Oatp)2 inhibitor rifampicin and the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor quinidine on its hepatic disposition were examined in the isolated perfused rat liver. (aspetjournals.org)

The results presented provide input to the assessment of uncertainties in calculated discharge locations for radionuclide-bearing groundwater from the considered repository volume and to analyses of solute spreading in near-surface and surface systems. (tib.eu)
To assess the optimum level of complexity necessary in models of groundwater flow and solute transport in the Bengal Aquifer System (BAS), we explore a range of representations of the lithological heterogeneity using a multi-modelling approach. (port.ac.uk)
Burgess, William G. / Representing heterogeneity of fluvio-deltaic aquifers in models of groundwater flow and solute transport: a multi-model investigation in the Bengal Basin . (port.ac.uk)

We built a Marthe flow and transport model of an MAR-SAT system located in a near-shore sand aquifer, for quantifying the influence of environmental factors (climate, tides, and operational conditions) on the coastal hydrosystem with regard to the fate of trace organic compounds (TrOCs). (mdpi.com)
Despite significant advances during the last decades, there are still many processes related to nonequilibrium flow and transport in macroporous soil that are far from completely understood. (slu.se)
Therefore, understanding the flow and transport processes that dominate the vadose zone is important. (clemson.edu)
This was accomplished through a series of laboratory-scale flow and transport experiments in soil columns with complex crack networks monitored using imaging techniques, such as a one-dimensional (1D) gamma-ray spectroscopy system (gamma scanner) used to monitor the movement of tracers and a three-dimensional (3D) pre-clinical x-ray Computed Tomography (CT) imaging system used to monitor flow. (clemson.edu)

Natural Gradient Experiment on Solute Transport in a Sand Aquifer. (epa.gov)

An important component of solute reabsorption in the thick ascending limb is the sodium-potassium ATPase pump in the epithelial cell basolateral mem-branes. (brainkart.com)
The thick ascending limb also has a sodium-hydrogen counter-transport mechanism in its luminal cell membrane that mediates sodium reabsorption and hydrogen secretion in this segment. (brainkart.com)
Therefore, most of thewater delivered to this segment remains in the tubule, despite reabsorption of large amounts of solute. (brainkart.com)

The most important open questions concern the structure of the transporter in an outward-facing conformation and whether, similar to their eukaryotic counterparts, transport in the prokaryotic transporters would be coupled to H + . To resolve these questions we have investigated the structural and functional properties of the SLC11 transporter from the bacterium Eremococcus coleocola (EcoDMT). (nature.com)
However, the limited set of chromatophore-encoded solute transporters appears insufficient for supporting metabolic connectivity or protein import. (frontiersin.org)
ABC (ATP binding cassette) transporters catalyze the transport of a wide variety of molecules across lipid bilayers into or out of cells and organelles. (rug.nl)

4MIJ: Crystal structure of a Trap periplasmic solute binding protein from Polaromonas sp. (rcsb.org)
The NaPi-IIa protein is located in the membrane surrounding kidney cells, where it transports phosphate across the cell membrane. (medlineplus.gov)
[ 4 ] Protein hZIP4 transports zinc ions from the cell exterior or lumen of intracellular organelles into the cytoplasm, where it is available to other newly synthesized proteins. (medscape.com)

Among 2,850 people on PD who had complete genetic data, 5 single nucleotide variants at four loci had suggestive associations with the peritoneal solute transfer rate (PSTR), in particular rs28644184 at the KDM2B locus. (homedialysis.org)
Structural basis for solute transport, nucleotide regulation, and immunological recognition of Neisseria meningitidis PorB. (cdc.gov)

However, hydrological applications of PINNs used so far spatial measurements of hydraulic head, water content and/or solute concentrations, which were well distributed in the subsurface for training the system. (tau.ac.il)

Research in the Transport Properties Research Laboratory (TPRL) and the Fracture Physics Laboratory (FPL) focuses on understanding the mechanisms and processes governing the movement of fluids (water, gas and solutes) and the deformation of rock in the subsurface, specialising in the measurement of properties in ultra-low permeability materials. (bgs.ac.uk)

Sorption Nonequilibrium during Solute Transport (Journal Version). (epa.gov)

VS2DRT: Variable saturated two dimensional reactive transport modeling in the vadose zone. (usgs.gov)

We believe that similar studies will help establish links between soil structure and solute transport processes and lead to improvements in models for solute transport through undisturbed soil. (slu.se)
Here, we propose to train PINNs with non-invasive geoelectrical tools for simulating two-dimensional water flow and solute transport during infiltration and redistribution processes with unknown initial conditions. (tau.ac.il)
The Transport Properties and Fracture Physics Research Laboratories at the BGS are led by Caroline Graham and Robert Cuss , respectively, and are part of the Fluid and Rock Processes Laboratory Cluster . (bgs.ac.uk)

The solute transport through the soil mainly took place in two cylindrical macropores, by-passing more than 90% of the bulk soil volume during the entire experiment. (slu.se)
From these macropores the solute diffused into the surrounding soil matrix. (slu.se)
The second set of transport studies tested a hypothesis that macropores in soil can contribute to the net upward transport of solutes and investigated the effect of different kinds of macropore structures on solute transport. (clemson.edu)
In addition, we found that horizontal macropores can act as capillary barriers to restrict the upward movement of solutes during drying. (clemson.edu)
While vertical macropore networks can facilitate salt transport to the soil surface to form soil crust and destroy the fertility of the land, the horizontal macropores can act as barriers to prevent the upward transport of salt. (clemson.edu)

The 3 main categories in which they can be classified are (1) alterations in the function of the carriers that transport substances across the luminal membrane, (2) disturbances in cellular energy metabolism, and (3) changes in permeability characteristics of the tubular membranes. (medscape.com)

Based on the experiments, a reactive transport model was developed using the Constrained Interpolation Profile method for ion transport and used to calculate chemical equilibrium for the cation exchange reactions. (lu.se)
The developed simulation model results were compared to results obtained by the reactive transport model PHAST. (lu.se)

Primary limitations associated with conducting laboratory solute transport studies are related to size and shape of undisturbed soil cores, effective water delivery system, effluent collection, and experimentation under unsaturated conditions. (jswconline.org)
Thus, any pollutant carried by surface runoff across a karst terrane has the potential for rapid transport to the ground-water system. (usf.edu)
Because of the extreme vulnerability of karst ground-water systems to contamination, water-management and protection agencies need an understanding of the occurrence of ground water, including the extent of the recharge areas for specific karst aquifers, a knowledge of the inherent vulnerabilities of the systems, and an understanding of the characteristics of pollutant transport within the systems. (usf.edu)
This study of the hydrology and geochemistry of the area used ground-water solute-transport-modeling techniques to investigate the possible impact of the mines on water quality. (usgs.gov)

In the safety assessment, a suite of transport models was used to quantify radionuclide transport through the engineered and geological barriers and in the biosphere. (tib.eu)

Two sets of transport experiments are reported here. (clemson.edu)
The flow experiments monitored by 3D x-ray CT further investigated macropore flow mechanisms observed and hypothesized in transport studies. (clemson.edu)
2002) experiments using the transport parameters obtained from conservative experiments and an instantaneous reaction kinetic. (unitn.it)

4. Sorption of Organic Solutes and Its Influence on Mobility. (epa.gov)

The results indicate that for permeants such as diclofenac and parathion, that are more than about 87% bound to soluble proteins in the dermis, the dialysis membrane method is important in order to obtain accurate estimates of transport and partitioning parameters in dermis. (cdc.gov)

Simulation of observed breakthrough curves and estimated transport parameters. (iwaponline.com)
Predictive simulation models were then used to determine the transport characteristics over extended length scales. (ox.ac.uk)

Experienced users of VS2DI will find that it is now easy to construct simulations of reactive solute transport. (usgs.gov)

Our previous studies on the structure and function of the transition-metal ion transporter from Staphylococcus capitis (ScaDMT) have revealed the general architecture of the SLC11/NRAMP family and they provided initial insight into the structural basis of selective transition-metal ion transport 16 . (nature.com)

Under the scenario of a defective cellular energy metabolism, any process that results in a decrease in the level of ATP impairs the performance of secondary active transport mechanisms, such as those of glucose, phosphate, or amino acids. (medscape.com)

We have tested this hypothesis directly by quantifying solute movement within the organelle by photobleaching a fluorescent vacuolar marker. (ox.ac.uk)

The results are obtained applying analytical solutions both for conservative and for reactive solute transport, thereby providing a method to handle the effect of incomplete mixing on multispecies reactive solute transport, which is simpler than other previously developed methods. (unitn.it)

The current study demonstrates that PFFs most likely govern solute plume characteristics in typical permeable matrices, given that a single PFF of aperture representing a medium-sized fracture (i.e. 5.0 × 10 −4 m) produces the equivalent spreading effects of 0.22-7.88 m of plume movement through the permeable matrix. (edu.au)

Cerebrospinal fluid solute transport associated with sensorimotor brain activity in rodents. (bvsalud.org)
While this process is known to happen, the evolution of these fractures and their effects on fluid transport are still relatively unknown. (osti.gov)

Experimental breakthrough curves for conservative and non-conservative solutes. (iwaponline.com)
A modified in vitro experimental methodology was employed to measure the transport parameters of 3 solutes varying in lipophilicity, namely, DEET, diclofenac and parathion. (cdc.gov)

The use of X-ray for imaging time-lapse 3-D solute transport has a large potential to help advance the knowledge in this field. (slu.se)

Successively, several attempts have been made to model this experiment, either considering spatial segregation of the reactants, non-Fickian transport applying a Continuous Time Random Walk (CTRW) or an effective upscaled time-dependent kinetic reaction term. (unitn.it)

We have optimized our transport assays to show that EcoDMT transports Mn 2+ with a K M in the low μM range and that metal ion transport is coupled to the cotransport of protons. (nature.com)

1000 mL) also transported considerable amounts of Br, r 2 =0.99. (jswconline.org)
The thin segment of the ascending limb has a much lower reabsorptive capacity than the thick segment, and the thin descending limb does not reabsorb sig-nificant amounts of any of these solutes. (brainkart.com)

Combined with previous results, our study defines the conformational changes underlying transition-metal ion transport in the SLC11 family and it provides molecular insight to its coupling to protons. (nature.com)
Highly homologous prokaryotic SLC11 family members transport Mn 2+ into the cytoplasm 11 . (nature.com)

The package seamlessly integrates a graphical user interface--within which the user can draw the simulated domain and enter or modify model parameters--with existing USGS models of flow, heat transport (VS2DH), solute transport (VS2DT), and geochemical reaction (PHREEQC). (usgs.gov)
Improved estimation of transport parameters in the dermis. (cdc.gov)

To investigate the effect of regional neuronal activity on CSF solute transport, Sprague-Dawley rats (all male , n = 30) under anesthesia received an intracisternal injection of a fluorescent tracer ( Texas Red ovalbumin ) and were subjected to unilateral electrical stimulation of a forelimb . (bvsalud.org)

Anatomy41

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Chemicals and Drugs134

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment18

Phenomena and Processes47

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