Transport and metabolism. Medical search. Frequent questions

While the physiological role of adipose tissue in cholesterol and oxLDL metabolism remains to be established, the induction of OLR1 is a potential means by which PPARγ ligands regulate lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in adipocytes. (jci.org)
The liver is the center for carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Standardized Morinda citrifolia L. and Morinda elliptica L. leaf extracts alleviated fatigue by improving glycogen storage and lipid/carbohydrate metabolism. (noniresearch.org)
Noni leaf extract significantly increased physical endurance (swim time) of mice via improving lipid catabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, electron transport, antioxidant responses, energy production, and tissue glycogen stores. (noniresearch.org)

Cancer cells quickly adapt and reprogram glucose metabolism to meet their bioenergetic and biosynthetic requirements for growth and survival. (embo.org)
Accumulated evidence from genetic animal models suggests that the brain, particularly the hypothalamus, has a key role in the homeostatic regulation of energy and glucose metabolism. (nature.com)
Here we comprehensively review the above topics, discussing the main findings related to the role of the brain in the homeostatic regulation of energy and glucose metabolism. (nature.com)
Further examination of miR-148 established that Liver-X-Receptor (LXR) activation of the Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP1c), the transcription factor responsible for controlling fatty acid production and glucose metabolism, also mediates the expression of miR-148a(4,5) That the promoter region of miR-148 contained binding sites for SREBP1c was shown by chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with massively parallel sequencing (ChIP-seq)(4). (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)

The differential expression of genes related to folate transport and metabolism during the advancing gestation and pregnancy complications is not well established. (bvsalud.org)
Alcohol interferes with folate transport and metabolism [ 21 , 22 ]. (cdc.gov)

Impaired organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) function are important to acknowledge in a clinical setting since both of these protein superfamilies have broad substrate specificities. (uwo.ca)
The disposition of digoxin and the influence of the organic anion transporting polypeptide (Oatp)2 inhibitor rifampicin and the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor quinidine on its hepatic disposition were examined in the isolated perfused rat liver. (aspetjournals.org)

All lipids are hydrophobic and mostly insoluble in blood, so they require transport within lipoproteins. (msdmanuals.com)

Amino acids also contribute to cellular energy metabolism by providing a carbon source for entry into the citric acid cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle), especially when a primary source of energy, such as glucose, is scarce, or when cells undergo metabolic stress. (wikipedia.org)
The vector stencils library "Citric acid cycle (TCA cycle)" contains 26 symbols of metabolites for drawing metabolic pathway maps and biochemical shematic diagrams of the citric acid cycle (TCA cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle, Krebs cycle) and diagrams of metabolism processes. (conceptdraw.com)

The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, each step being facilitated by a specific enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways among vastly different species. (wikipedia.org)
The vector stencils library " Biochemistry of metabolism" contains 46 metabolite symbols for drawing metabolic pathways maps, biochemical diagrams and metabolism process flow charts using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software. (conceptdraw.com)
Xenobiotic metabolism is the set of metabolic pathways that chemically modify xenobiotics , which are compounds foreign to an organism's normal biochemistry, such as drugs and poisons. (bionity.com)

A key to effective treatment of cardiovascular disease is to understand the body's complex lipoprotein transport system. (anatoljcardiol.com)

The intermediary metabolism of small molecules is the meat and potatoes of cell function. (cshlpress.com)

miRNA regulation of LDL-cholesterol metabolism. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
The insulin signaling pathway (ISP) has a key role in major physiological events like carbohydrate metabolism and growth regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
These findings indicate that the PolS-PolR TCS in M. phosphovorus may be involved in the regulation of poly-P metabolism in response to levels of dissolved oxygen in the environment, and our results provide insights into new approaches for understanding the mechanisms of phosphorus accumulation and release. (figshare.com)
Regulation of intestinal iron transport. (medscape.com)

Throughout regrowth, transcript profiles of 17 genes involved in photosynthesis and carbon metabolism or transport were characterised in stubble and lamina tissue. (edu.au)

These conditions may result in failure of osteoid calcification (rickets) in children because of a disruption in the pathway of either vitamin D or phosphate metabolism. (medscape.com)
The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. (conceptdraw.com)

Fig. 3: Single-cell metabolism links migratory cell phenotypes to glycolysis states. (nature.com)

The brain modulates various aspects of metabolism, such as food intake, energy expenditure, insulin secretion, hepatic glucose production and glucose/fatty acid metabolism in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. (nature.com)

Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically. (conceptdraw.com)

C 4 metabolism was identified by assessing the sensitivity of photosynthetic rate and electron transport to oxygen. (springer.com)
Oxygen sensitivity of the assimilation rate and electron transport, the lack of Rubisco compartmentalisation in the mesophyll tissues and the gas-exchange pattern at night indicated that neither C 4 nor CAM metabolism occurs in the ear of WW or WS plants. (springer.com)
3 2 Under physiological hypoxia, low oxygen levels lead to reduced activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), which metabolizes succinate, and other oxygen-dependent enzymes in the electron transport chain, causing succinate accumulation. (haematologica.org)
It also improved antioxidant responses, electron transport, and energy production biomarkers. (noniresearch.org)

Directly linking cell motility to cell metabolism is technically challenging but biologically important. (nature.com)
Laminar shear stress inhibits endothelial cell metabolism via KLF2-mediated repression of PFKFB3. (nature.com)
Cancer Cell Metabolism: Unique Features Inform New Therapeutic Opportunities. (nyas.org)
FLIM technology is also used to analyse the autofluorescence of different tumour cells and tissues and to determine cell metabolism. (uni-ulm.de)

[1] The major challenge faced by xenobiotic detoxification systems is that they must therefore be able to remove the almost limitless number of possible xenobiotic compounds from the complex mixture of chemicals involved in normal metabolism . (bionity.com)
The detoxification of the reactive by-products of normal metabolism cannot achieved by the systems outlined above. (bionity.com)

These data emphasize the importance of uptake and efflux transporters on hepatic drug metabolism. (aspetjournals.org)
The expression of folate transporters and enzymes involved in folate metabolism in the placenta with advancing gestation and pregnancy -related disorders were studied by 2-step RT-PCR. (bvsalud.org)

Hence, we studied the gene expression of folate metabolism and transport proteins in the placenta with advancing gestation , preeclampsia and neural tube defects (NTD). (bvsalud.org)
Hence, succinate links metabolism to processes like gene expression and intercellular communication. (haematologica.org)

Succinate is an essential intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle that exerts pleiotropic roles beyond metabolism in both physiological and pathological conditions. (haematologica.org)

Control ineffective erythropoiesis: Ineffective erythropoiesis, a distinctive and principal feature of thalassemia, causes bone marrow expansion, elevated basal metabolism, extra-medullary hematopoietic masses, skeletal deformities of face and skull, fragile bones, and increased absorption of dietary iron. (cdc.gov)

Deficient folate status in association with alteration in expression of enzymes involved in folate metabolism might be associated with pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia and NTDs. (bvsalud.org)
The actions of some drugs as substrates or inhibitors of enzymes involved in xenobiotic metabolism are a common reason for hazardous drug interactions . (bionity.com)

Many proteins are enzymes that catalyze the chemical reactions in metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
Proteins are also important in cell signaling, immune responses, cell adhesion, active transport across membranes, and the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
Polar compounds cannot diffuse across these cell membranes and the uptake of useful molecules is mediated through transport proteins that specifically select substrates from the extracellular mixture. (bionity.com)

Temporal expression of genes involved in folate metabolism and transport during placental development, preeclampsia and neural tube defects. (bvsalud.org)

Metabolites are the intermediates and products of metabolism. (conceptdraw.com)
These reactions often act to detoxify poisonous compounds, although in some cases the intermediates in xenobiotic metabolism can themselves be the cause of toxic effects. (bionity.com)

This India I EMBO Lecture Course will bring together eminent researchers and experts across the disciplines of cancer and molecular biology, structural biology, bioinformatics, medicinal chemistry and drug discovery, to share the recent advances, challenges, and opportunities in the field of tumour metabolism and drug discovery. (embo.org)

In addition, polyamine blocking therapy, a strategy that combines the inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis with the simultaneous blockade of polyamine transport, can be more effective than therapies based on polyamine depletion alone and may involve an antitumour immune response. (nih.gov)

It is concluded that rifampicin limits the hepatic entrance of digoxin and reduced the hepatic exposure of digoxin to CYP3A by inhibiting the basolateral Oatp2 uptake transport, whereas quinidine increased the hepatic exposure of digoxin to CYP3A by inhibiting the canalicular P-gp transport. (aspetjournals.org)

Increasing knowledge of the interplay between polyamine metabolism and other cancer-driving pathways, including the PTEN-PI3K-mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), WNT signalling and RAS pathways, suggests potential combination therapies that will have considerable clinical promise. (nih.gov)

Marx used the metaphor of metabolism to refer to the actual metabolic interactions that take place through humans' exertion of physical labour to cultivate the Earth for sustenance and shelter. (wikipedia.org)

The word metabolism can also refer to the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transportation of substances into and between different cells, in which case the above described set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary (or intermediate) metabolism. (wikipedia.org)

In addition, a renal tubular defect that reduces reabsorption may alter phosphate metabolism. (medscape.com)

Lipoproteins synthesized by the liver transport endogenous triglycerides and cholesterol. (msdmanuals.com)

In the human body, iron is present in all cells and has several vital functions -- as a carrier of oxygen to the tissues from the lungs in the form of hemoglobin (Hb), as a facilitator of oxygen use and storage in the muscles as myoglobin, as a transport medium for electrons within the cells in the form of cytochromes, and as an integral part of enzyme reactions in various tissues. (cdc.gov)
Improve oxygen transport: HbA is reduced or absent with a variable increase in fetal hemoglobin (HbF). (cdc.gov)
The predominance of HbF with its high oxygen affinity makes transporting oxygen less efficient. (cdc.gov)

Further elucidation of mechanisms of placental morphogenesis and solute transport could provide clues to improving nutrient transport to the pig fetus, potentially increasing litter size and piglet birth weights. (biomedcentral.com)

The shapes example "Design elements - Biochemistry of metabolism" is included in the Biology solution from the Science and Education area of ConceptDraw Solution Park. (conceptdraw.com)

Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is the process of cholesterol movement from the extrahepatic tissues back to the liver. (anatoljcardiol.com)
Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) contain apoprotein B-100 (apo B), are synthesized in the liver, and transport TGs and cholesterol to peripheral tissues. (msdmanuals.com)

Our data indicate that Rho-GTPase signalling coordinates energy metabolism with cytoskeleton remodelling to regulate endothelial cell motility. (nature.com)

An Eadie-Hofstee analysis suggested that there were two transport sites in BCRP, with an apparent K m of 10.8 μM for the high affinity site and 307 μM for the low affinity site. (aspetjournals.org)

Effects of sodium and potassium on energy metabolism and sodium transport of toad bladders. (aspetjournals.org)
Urban metabolism is a model to facilitate the description and analysis of the flows of the materials and energy within cities, such as undertaken in a material flow analysis of a city. (wikipedia.org)
C. Kennedy and fellow researchers have produced a clear definition in the 2007 paper The Changing Metabolism of Cities claiming that urban metabolism is "the sum total of the technical and socio-economic process that occur in cities, resulting in growth, production of energy and elimination of waste. (wikipedia.org)
They also used metabolism to describe the material and energy exchange between nature and society in as a critique of industrialization (1883) which created an interdependent set of societal needs brought into play through the concrete organization of human labour. (wikipedia.org)
Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy and will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. (wikipedia.org)

Editor of this book is an internationally recognized expert in nutrition and metabolisms. (hoepli.it)
In addition, all chapters provide general and specific references to nutrition and metabolism for researchers and practitioners in animal agriculture (including aquaculture), dietitians, animal and human medicines, and for government policy makers. (hoepli.it)

1. The effect of treatment with recombinant human growth hormone on urinary sodium excretion, total body water, the renin-angiotensin system and erythrocyte sodium metabolism was investigated in 16 adults with growth hormone deficiency. (portlandpress.com)
5. The enhanced erythrocyte sodium transport, if this reflects what happens in the renal tubular cell, combined with a decrease in urinary sodium excretion, during treatment with recombinant human growth hormone could indicate an increase in tubular sodium reabsorption induced by the hormone. (portlandpress.com)

Anatomy37

Organisms14

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs120

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment17

Phenomena and Processes66

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Health Care1

Lipid4

Glucose metabolism4

Folate transport and metabolism2

Polypeptide2

Lipids1

Citric acid2

Metabolic pathways4

Lipoprotein1

Intermediary metabolism1

Regulation4

Photosynthesis1

Pathway2

Glycolysis1

Production and glucose1

Biochemical1

Electron4

Cell metabolism4

Normal metabolism2

Transporters2

Gene expression2

Physiological1

Hematopoietic1

Enzymes involved2

Proteins3

Genes involved1

Intermediates2

Tumour1

Biosynthesis1

Hepatic1

Interplay1

Humans1

Substances1

Phosphate1

Endogenous1

Oxygen3

Placental1

Biochemistry1

Tissues2

Regulate1

Affinity1

Energy5

Nutrition2

Growth2