Transport adenine nucleotides. Medical search. Frequent questions

Adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT), also known as the ADP/ATP translocase (ANT), ADP/ATP carrier protein (AAC) or mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier, exchanges free ATP with free ADP across the inner mitochondrial membrane. (wikipedia.org)
ADP/ATP translocase transports ATP synthesized from oxidative phosphorylation into the cytoplasm, where it can be used as the principal energy currency of the cell to power thermodynamically unfavorable reactions. (wikipedia.org)
Under normal conditions, ATP and ADP cannot cross the inner mitochondrial membrane due to their high negative charges, but ADP/ATP translocase, an antiporter, couples the transport of the two molecules. (wikipedia.org)
ATP and ADP are the only natural nucleotides recognized by the translocase. (wikipedia.org)
Creatine kinase is known to interact with mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) in the transfer of ADP and ATP into and out of the mitochondria. (scirp.org)
A. Dorner and H. P. Schultheiss, "Adenine Nucleotide Translocase in the Focus of Cardiovascular Diseases," Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine, Vol. 17, No. 8, 2007, pp. 284-290. (scirp.org)
Adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) is a protein that catalyzes the exchange of ADP/ATP across the inner mitochondrial membrane. (biomedcentral.com)
Members of the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) family exchange ADP for ATP across the mitochondrial inner membrane, an activity that is essential for oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). (elsevierpure.com)
TSPO is closely associated with the 32 kDa voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) and the 30 kDa adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT), considered to form the core of a mitochondria multiprotein complex [named the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP)] and plays a role in apoptotic cell death. (nih.gov)
Furthermore, when the electron transport chain is dysfunctional, provision of succinyl-CoA by the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (KGDHC) is crucial for maintained operation of succinyl-CoA ligase yielding ATP, preventing the adenine nucleotide translocase from reversing. (oroboros.at)
By this, diaphorases contribute to the maintenance of substrate-level phosphorylation during respiratory inhibition, which is manifested in the forward operation of adenine nucleotide translocase. (oroboros.at)

Dominant missense mutations were found in the gene encoding the heart and skeletal muscle-specific isoform of the adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT1) in families with autosomal dominant progressive external opthalmoplegia and in a sporadic patient. (nih.gov)
It plays a very important role in the assembly and maintenance of functionally active respiratory complexes (I, III and IV and F0/F1-ATPase) in the mitochondrial membrane and in normal operation of other mitochondrial multicomponent machines such as adenine nucleotide translocator, as well as tricarboxylate, pyruvate and phosphate carriers. (cdc.gov)
Encoded by human SLC25A5 Gene (Mitochondrial Carrier Family), 298-aa 33-kDa homodimeric integral membrane protein Adenine Nucleotide Translocator-2 contains 3 Solcar repeats and catalyzes ADP/ATP exchange of across the inner mitochondrial membrane. (medindex.am)

Adenine and guanine nucleotides are interconverted by diverse proteins of therapeutic interest, including kinases, phosphodiesterases, membrane transporters, DNA-modifying enzymes, and molecular chaperonins. (genengnews.com)
Cyclic adenine and guanine nucleotides serve as key second messengers for signal transduction for many GPCRs. (genengnews.com)
Also transports guanine but not adenine (deoxy)nucleotides. (nih.gov)
RNA has the same bases as DNA of adenine, guanine and cytosine, but it has the base or uracil instead of the thymine that is in DNA. (sciencing.com)
DNA is made from four nucleotide bases of adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine. (sciencing.com)
They are combined in pairs of adenine plus guanine and cytosine plus thymine. (sciencing.com)
When the RNA transcribes the DNA into a messenger RNA molecule, the adenine pairs with uracil and cytosine pairs with guanine. (sciencing.com)
Located predominantly in cell nuclei, it is composed of two chains of nucleotides--deoxyribose and phosphate backbones with side chains of purine (adenine or guanine) or pyrimidine (cytosine and thymine) bases projecting inward. (nih.gov)
Hydrogen bonds link adenine to guanine, and cytosine to thymine. (nih.gov)
Nucleotide solution mix containing adenine (A), thymidine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G) used to build duplicate DNA strands. (substack.com)

Transport is fully reversible, and its directionality is governed by the concentrations of its substrates (ADP and ATP inside and outside mitochondria), the chelators of the adenine nucleotides, and the mitochondrial membrane potential. (wikipedia.org)
These results raise the possibility that direct channeling of nucleotides between mitochondria and myofibrils is assisted by an ANT protein thereby circumventing the need for a phosphagen shuttle in the IFM. (scirp.org)
The myofibrillar ANT may represent a unique adaptation in the muscles that require efficient exchange of nucleotides between mitochondria and myofibrils. (scirp.org)
E. Pebay-Peyroula and G. Brandolin, "Nucleotide Exchange in Mitochondria: Insight at a Molecular Level," Current Opinion in Structural Biology, Vol. 14, No. 4, 2004, pp. 420-425. (scirp.org)
J. D. Sharer, J. F. Shern, H. Van Valkenburgh and D. C. Wallace and R. A. Kahn, "ARL2 and BART Enter Mitochondria and Bind the Adenine Nucleotide Transporter," Molecular Biology of the Cell, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2002, pp. 71-83. (scirp.org)
Mitochondrial F1F0-ATPase, which is inhibited by oligomycin, uses ATP to generate mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), which in turn can be used to transport Ca 2+ into mitochondria. (medscape.com)
1. Structure-function studies of adenine nucleotide transport in mitochondria. (nih.gov)
Mitochondrial transporter that imports/exports pyrimidine nucleotides into and from mitochondria. (nih.gov)
Via the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and fatty acid β-oxidation, mitochondria extract electrons from dietary carbon compounds and pass them to nucleotides that ultimately deliver them to the respiratory chain complexes located in invaginations in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) known as cristae. (biomed.news)
Since the myofibrils generally have small diameters (1-2 μm) and are surrounded by dense mitochondria, it is possible that CK-facilitated transport does not play a significant role in vivo either [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In the present study, it was found that various components of the rat cytosol affect Ca¬¨‚â§‚ÄövÖ‚à´ transport into and out of mitochondria when examined in vitro. (edu.au)
It was suggested that cAMP stimulates Ca¬¨‚â§‚ÄövÖ‚à´ release from the mitochondria presumably by altering the redox state of the mitochondrial pyridine nucleotides. (edu.au)
Succinic acid improves tissue respiration by activating electron transport in the mitochondria. (bestonlinesteroidlabs.com)

Adenine is a component of important biomolecules such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). (innovativechem.net)
It is also part of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and signaling molecules cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP). (innovativechem.net)
Complex II gets its electrons from FADH2 (reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide), a riboflavin-derived nucleotide that is closely associated with succinate dehydrogenase , a flavoprotein enzyme that is localized on the inner surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane. (ceri.com)
With the participation of the coenzyme flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), succinic acid is rapidly converted by the mitochondrial enzyme succinct dehydrogenase to fumaric acid and then to other metabolites of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. (bestonlinesteroidlabs.com)

Adenine is a component of DNA, RNA, cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). (innovativechem.net)
Complex 1 gets its electrons from NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), a niacin-derived nucleotide that is loosely associated with three dehydrogenase enzymes of the citric acid cycle that are distributed throughout the mitochondrial matrix. (ceri.com)
For this project, we focus on the roles of mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + )-dependent deacetylases (like Sirtuin 3, SIRT3) or desuccinylases (like Sirtuin 5, SIRT5). (uam.es)
NADPH (also known as NADP +) is an abbreviation for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. (globalstaffingprofessionals.com)

Aside from the kinase superfamily, there is tremendous diversity in the types of adenine nucleotide-utilizing enzymes that are being targeted for therapeutic intervention both in humans and for anti-infectives, including molecular chaperonins, phosphodiesterases, and topoisomerases. (genengnews.com)
The exchanger is the N-terminal domain, and the C-terminal domain is in the cl00292 superfamily of adenine nucleotide alpha hydrolases. (tcdb.org)
Most nucleotide-sugar transporter in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi of eukaryotic cells are members of the DMT superfamily ( Song 2013 ). (tcdb.org)

The findings of Lehninger et al (1978) (that a more oxidised steady state of the mitochondrial pyridine nucleotide favours Ca¬¨‚â§‚ÄövÖ‚à´ release and a relatively reduced state favours Ca¬¨‚â§‚ÄövÖ‚à´ retention) was confirmed and further extended in this study. (edu.au)
It consists of a pyridine nucleotide, adenine, phosphate groups, ribose sugars and a nicotinamide ring. (blogspot.com)

Prominent & Leading Wholesaler from Mumbai, we offer adenine (cas number: 73-24-5), adenine sulphate (adenine hemisulfate) (cas number: 321-30-2), adenosine (cas number: 58-61-7), adenosine-5-diphosphate, potassium salt (adp-k) (cas number: 72696-48-1), adenosine-5-diphosphate disodium salt (adp-2na) (cas number: 16178-48-6) and adenosine-5-triphosphate disodium salt (atp-2na) (cas number: 34369-07-8). (innovativechem.net)
Adenine is converted to adenosine with ribose. (innovativechem.net)
In the laboratory, we also study the role of mitochondrial metabolites, including adenine nucleotides (adenosine mono-, di- or triphosphate) or NAD + , in the activation and differentiation of macrophages and T lymphocytes. (uam.es)
The domain forms a apha/beta/apha fold which binds to adenosine nucleotides. (tcdb.org)

Adenine is a purine nucleobase, synthesized from inosine monophosphate(IMP). (innovativechem.net)
Adenine (Ade) is a purine base, which is present in nucleic acids. (innovativechem.net)
Adenine is a purine nucleobase with a wide range of chemical and biochemical roles in vivo and in vitro. (innovativechem.net)

Here, we use differential RNA sequencing (dRNA-seq) to generate a single-nucleotide resolution transcriptome map of B . thetaiotaomicron grown under defined laboratory conditions. (nature.com)

Detection of nucleotide products, usually via radioassay or coupled enzymatic assays, has traditionally served as a convenient generic biochemical assay method for many of these protein families. (genengnews.com)
Adenine is essential for many biochemical processes. (innovativechem.net)
Nicotinamide in cells, through a cascade of biochemical reactions, is transformed into the form of nicotinamide adenine nucleotide (NAD) and its phosphate (NADP), activating nicotinamide-dependent enzymes of the krebs cycle, which are necessary for the cellular respiration and stimulation of ATP synthesis. (bestonlinesteroidlabs.com)

The sugar and phosphate groups link the nucleotides together to form each strand of DNA. (genwed.com)
As it shown in the picture ribose sugar is between phosphate groups and the nucleotide, adenine. (blogspot.com)

Transports preferentially cytosine and uracil (deoxy)nucleoside mono-, di-, and triphosphates by uniport and antiport mechanism. (nih.gov)

Unlike vertebrate muscle that relies on a phosphagen (creatine phosphate/creatine kinase) system to regulate high energy phosphate flux, insect flight muscle has been reported to lack mitochondrial arginine kinase (analogous to creatine kinase), a key enzyme that enables intracellular energy transport. (scirp.org)

Each base is also attached to a sugar molecule and a phosphate molecule to form a nucleotide. (genwed.com)
The last bond is glycosidic bond between adenine base and ribose molecule. (blogspot.com)

The nucleotides in RNA are made of the sugar ribose and are called ribonucleotides. (sciencing.com)

The drugs transported are generally cationic, and a simple cation antiport mechanism involving the conserved Glu-14 has been proposed ( Yerushalmi and Schuldiner, 2000 ). (tcdb.org)

The relationship of these parameters can be expressed by an equation solving for the 'reversal potential of the ANT" (Erev_ANT), a value of the mitochondrial membrane potential at which no net transport of adenine nucleotides takes place by the ANT. (wikipedia.org)
Their kinetic model includes six transport mechanisms in the inner mitochondrial membrane, including proton pumping via respiration and proton pumping by the F0F1-ATPase, a proton leak, adenine nucleotide exchange, the Ca 2+ uniporter and Na + /Ca 2+ exchange (see the figure below). (physiomeproject.org)

Some postulate that the decrease in oxidative energy metabolism seen in many forms of Fanconi syndrome is caused by low intracellular phosphate, which results in a depletion of ATP precursors and an increase in adenine nucleotide degradation. (medscape.com)

Adenine nucleotides provide energy to drive myriad cellular reactions, including the protein phosphorylation reactions central to signal transduction, and function directly as signaling molecules through binding to protein receptors inside and outside the cell. (genengnews.com)

Eukaryotic transcription is a complex process that allows eukaryotic cells to convert genetic information stored in DNA into RNA molecules, which can be transported and used for various cellular functions. (microbiologynote.com)
Eukaryotes must transport their mRNA molecules from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for translation, as well as protect the mRNA from degradation. (microbiologynote.com)
The pre-mRNA molecules produced by RNA Pol II undergo various modifications, such as splicing and capping, before they are transported out of the nucleus for translation into proteins. (microbiologynote.com)
NADH, FADH2 molecules formed in the first three stages of cellular respiration are transferred to the ETC. Electron Transport Chain, removes high energy electrons from electron carriers and establishes proton gradient that is used to produce ATP. (blogspot.com)

It carries high energy electrons to the Electron Transport Chain in cellular respiration. (blogspot.com)
It accepts electrons in the Krebs Cycle stage of respiration and donates them to the Electron Transport Chain in the Oxidative Phosphorylation stage of respiration. (blogspot.com)
It is thought that nitric oxide synthase catalyses transport of electrons for reactions between molecular oxygen and L-arginine. (kseldercare.com)

The inner membrane contains the proteins and enzymes of the electron transport chain (Complexes I-V) which are responsible for oxidative phosphorylation (the generation of ATP from oxygen). (ceri.com)
10) Recently, interactions of tBid with CL have been implicated as major players in orchestrating apoptotic changes in mitochondrial electron transport as well as activation of pro-apoptotic proteins Bak and Bax. (cdc.gov)
Comprehensive analysis by both DIGE and gel-free proteomics revealed proteins related to lipid metabolism (18%), carbohydrate metabolism (14%), cell morphogenesis (14%) and respiratory electron transport chain (9%) to display significantly altered levels in diseased mouse hearts. (uni-greifswald.de)
Other proteins are used as building blocks in the body or serve to transport things in the bloodstream. (genwed.com)
Nucleotides are mostly chemically synthesised with a complex procedure involving adding numerous Enzymes which are PROTEINS. (substack.com)

Lacking classical Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequences, messenger RNAs (mRNAs) of Bacteroidetes were recently shown to be enriched for adenine residues at position -3, -6, and -11 to -15 relative to the translational start codon, with adenine overrepresentation at these positions positively correlating with translation efficiency 8 . (nature.com)

The 3 main categories in which they can be classified are (1) alterations in the function of the carriers that transport substances across the luminal membrane, (2) disturbances in cellular energy metabolism, and (3) changes in permeability characteristics of the tubular membranes. (medscape.com)
Numerous symporters and antiporters affect the transport of solutes across the apical membrane of proximal tubule cells. (medscape.com)

In addition to the main electron transport path from Complex 1 to Complex III to Complex IV, there is a second path from Complex II to Complex III to Complex IV. (ceri.com)
These proteomics data and the decrease in activities measured for complexes I-IV of the respiratory electron transport chain in A.BY/SnJ mouse hearts 84 d p.i compared to age matched controls, indicate a diminished energy supply in the dilated hearts of CVB3 infected mice. (uni-greifswald.de)

Free ADP is transported from the cytoplasm to the mitochondrial matrix, while ATP produced from oxidative phosphorylation is transported from the mitochondrial matrix to the cytoplasm, thus providing the cells with its main energy currency. (wikipedia.org)

Decreased inhibitory phosphorylation in response to hypotonic cell swelling stimulates transport activity, and dysfunction of this regulatory process has been associated with various human diseases. (ox.ac.uk)

At the end of the transcription process, messenger RNA is transported out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm. (sciencing.com)
TSPO expression, nuclear localization, and TSPO-mediated cholesterol transport into the nucleus are involved in breast cancer cell proliferation and aggressive phenotype expression. (nih.gov)

7. Pleiotropic effects of the yeast Sal1 and Aac2 carriers on mitochondrial function via an activity distinct from adenine nucleotide transport. (nih.gov)

DNA primers: short single-stranded DNA that promotes synthesis of a complementary strand of nucleotides. (substack.com)

Mechanism of mitochondrial transport of thallous ions. (ukrbiochemjournal.org)

A codon has three continuous nucleotide bases that create an amino acid and signal the end of the translation process. (sciencing.com)

The lipids produced from these processes are used by the body or transported to the liver for removal. (medlineplus.gov)
This rare variant may increase urine lithogenicity through impaired provision of ATP for solute transport processes in the kidney, and/or for purinergic signaling. (ox.ac.uk)

Molecular analysis revealed a C to A homozygous mutation at nucleotide 368 of the ANT1 gene. (nih.gov)
An online browser, called 'Theta-Base' ( www.helmholtz-hiri.de/en/datasets/bacteroides ), is launched to interrogate the obtained gene expression data and annotations of ~4500 transcription start sites, untranslated regions, operon structures, and 269 noncoding RNA elements. (nature.com)
When a cell is following its genetic instructions, it copies a portion of the DNA as a gene to change it to an RNA nucleotide. (sciencing.com)

Thus ANTs and the OXPHOS machinery physically interact and functionally cooperate to enhance ANT transport capacity and mitochondrial respiration. (elsevierpure.com)

In addition, several members of the DME family have been implicated in solute transport. (tcdb.org)

ANT transports the free, i.e. deprotonated, non-Magnesium, non-Calcium bound forms of ADP and ATP, in a 1:1 ratio. (wikipedia.org)
A disease variant of SLC25A25 (OMIM 608745), encoding the mitochondrial ATP-Mg/Pi carrier 3 (APC3) was identified, and analyzed structurally and functionally with respect to its calcium-regulated transport activity. (ox.ac.uk)
Calcium-regulated ATP transport was reduced to ~20% of the wild type, showing a large reduction in function. (ox.ac.uk)

It has the ability to activate a series of enzymes of the krebs cycle, stimulating the synthesis of key enzymes-nucleotides: FAD and NAD. (bestonlinesteroidlabs.com)

The adenine nucleotides were not significantly different from the control during Ca¬¨‚â§‚ÄövÖ‚à´ release in the presence of the oxidants of mitochondrial NADH such as acetoacetate or oxaloacetate. (edu.au)

An A-to-G transition at nucleotide position 4295 was shown to be highly evolutionarily conserved, never present in control individuals, and to segregate with the disease. (nih.gov)

Anatomy25

Organisms11

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs146

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment14

Phenomena and Processes56

Information Science4

Health Care1

Translocase11

Translocator3

Guanine10

Mitochondria13

Flavin adenine dinu4

Nicotinamide adenine dinu4

Superfamily3

Pyridine nucleotide2

Adenosine4

Purine3

Single-nucleotide1

Biochemical3

Phosphate groups2

Nucleoside1

Enzyme1

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Ribose1

Antiport mechanism1

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Molecules4

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