• Following tyrosine phosphorylation by Src family kinases, PAG binds and thereby activates the protein tyrosine kinase Csk, the major negative regulator of the Src family kinases. (exbio.cz)
  • Signaling via the B-cell receptor in B cells or high affinity IgE receptor (FcepsilonRI) in mast cells leads to PAG increased tyrosine phosphorylation and Csk binding, while T cell receptor signaling causes PAG dephosphorylation, loss of Csk binding and increased activation of the protein tyrosine kinase Lck. (exbio.cz)
  • MPZL1 Isoform 3 appears to have a dominant negative role by blocking tyrosine phosphorylation of MPZL1 induced by ConA. (assaygenie.com)
  • Treatment of several cell lines with ConA caused tyrosine phosphorylation of PZR. (assaygenie.com)
  • Phosphorylation of EGFR at certain residues is also mediated by Src-non-receptor kinase. (thermofisher.com)
  • Phosphorylation of EGFR at Y1086 specifically allows binding of the adaptor protein GRB2, leading to activation of the MAPK pathway. (thermofisher.com)
  • The phosphorylation of the ITAM domains is generally mediated by SRC subfamily kinases upon engagement of the receptor. (icr.ac.uk)
  • Phosphorylation is mediated by additionally recruited kinases. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The sequence contains a conserved tyrosine (Y390) whose phosphorylation is induced by agrin and whose mutation abolished clustering of β loop chimeras and their ability to inhibit agrin-induced clustering of the endogenous AChR. (jneurosci.org)
  • Indeed, we found that rapsyn associated with CD4-β loop chimeras in a phosphorylation-dependent manner, and that agrin increased the ratio of rapsyn binding to wild type AChR but not to AChR-β 3F/3F , which lacks β loop tyrosine phosphorylation sites. (jneurosci.org)
  • Indeed, we have shown previously that mutation of a tyrosine phosphorylation site in the long cytoplasmic loop of the β subunit impairs agrin-induced cytoskeletal anchoring and aggregation of mutant AChR in muscle cells ( Borges and Ferns, 2001 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • Binding of Sema4D to plexin-B1 stimulates the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity of ErbB-2, resulting in the phosphorylation of both plexin-B1 and ErbB-2. (rupress.org)
  • Akt activation leads to the phosphorylation and inactivation of various downstream targets, including glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), which regulates glycogen synthesis, and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which controls protein synthesis and cell growth. (ebiwinner.com)
  • It is known to act through protein phosphorylation via PRKA and through the activation of guanine nucleotide exchange factors like EPAC. (plos.org)
  • Mechanistically, EGFR physically interacted with TLR7 upon TLR7 stimulation, and EGFR inhibitor completely blocked the phosphorylation of TLR7 tyrosine residue(s). (bvsalud.org)
  • In the course of biochemical analyses of the signaling pathways triggered by these receptors, we discovered that they require tyrosine phosphorylation by the protein kinase activity of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is located not only on the plasma membrane but also on the intracellular membranes. (bvsalud.org)
  • This noncanonical activity of STAT2 is regulated independently of its tyrosine phosphorylation but does depend on the phosphorylation of threonine 404, which promotes the formation of a STAT2:STING complex that keeps STING bound to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and increases resistance to DNA damage. (bvsalud.org)
  • Current research has demonstrated that the extracellular portions of some receptors act as bait receptors for activating ligands, while in most cases, the phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in their cytoplasmic tails drives critical inhibitory signals. (medicaltrend.org)
  • CD28 enhances TCR-driven tyrosine phosphorylation and interacts with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and Grb2, initiating the Akt-mTOR and Ras-MAPK pathways. (medicaltrend.org)
  • c-Met and receptor originated from nantes (RON) are structurally related transmembrane phosphotyrosine kinase receptors. (oncotarget.com)
  • c-Met and RON form both activated homodimers and heterodimers with themselves and other families of phosphotyrosine kinase receptors. (oncotarget.com)
  • Non-receptor tyrosine kinase which mediates signal transduction downstream of a variety of transmembrane receptors including classical immunoreceptors like the B-cell receptor (BCR). (icr.ac.uk)
  • Assembles into signaling complexes with activated receptors at the plasma membrane via interaction between its SH2 domains and the receptor tyrosine-phosphorylated ITAM domains. (icr.ac.uk)
  • Non-Catalytic Tyrosine-Phosphorylated Receptors" Encyclopedia , https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36839 (accessed November 29, 2023). (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Non-catalytic tyrosine-phosphorylated receptors (NTRs), also called immunoreceptors or Src-family kinase-dependent receptors, are a group of cell surface receptors expressed by leukocytes that are important for cell migration and the recognition of abnormal cells or structures and the initiation of an immune response. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • These transmembrane receptors are not grouped into the NTR family based on sequence homology, but because they share a conserved signalling pathway utilizing the same signalling motifs. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • For that tyrosine residues in the cytoplasmic tail of the receptors have to be phosphorylated, hence the receptors are referred to as tyrosine-phosphorylated receptors. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • They are called non-catalytic receptors, as the receptors have no intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and cannot phosphorylate their own tyrosine residues. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The most prominent feature is the presence of conserved signalling motifs containing tyrosine residue, such as Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs), in the cytoplasmic tail of the receptors. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The receptors themselves have no intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • In addition to plexins, various other proteins have been implicated either as receptors for semaphorins or as components of the semaphorin receptor complex ( Pasterkamp and Kolodkin, 2003 ). (rupress.org)
  • Podosomes are structurally divided into a core, which mainly contains proteins involved in actin polymerization (such as WASP, the Arp2/3 complex and cortactin ), and a surrounding ring populated by integrin receptors and adhesion proteins (for example, paxillin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK/Pyk2) ) [15] . (cellmigration.org)
  • Many pattern recognition receptors in mammalian cells initiate signaling processes that culminate in mounting an innate protective response mediated by induced synthesis of a large number of proteins including type I interferons and other cytokines. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here, we discuss how specific members of this family of receptors, such as TLR3, TLR9, or STING, interact with EGFR and other protein tyrosine kinases and what are the functional consequences of their post-translational modifications. (bvsalud.org)
  • It is a transmembrane protein with 212 amino acid sequence, existing in a homotrimer stable form that binds with two receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • Typically, EphA receptors bind to glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor (GPI)-linked ephrin A proteins and EphB receptors bind to transmembrane ephrin B proteins. (silverchair.com)
  • 2012). APPL1 is recruited by Rab5 to endosomes involved in traffic of transmembrane receptors including integrins (Miaczynska et al. (bio2009.org)
  • The cytoplasmic tails of these inhibitory receptors contain tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs) and switch motifs (ITSMs) with common sequence features. (medicaltrend.org)
  • We are primarily using cytomegaloviruses to examine how the pathogens alter signaling pathways directed by G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) to facilitate robust replication in tissues important for host-host dissemination. (uc.edu)
  • The antibody PAG-C1 recognizes an epitope located in the intracellular C-terminal domain of Csk-binding protein (Cbp / PAG), a 46 kDa ubiquitously expressed transmembrane adaptor protein present in membrane rafts (glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains), which however migrates on SDS PAGE gels anomalously as an 80 kDa molecule. (exbio.cz)
  • EGFR is a transmembrane receptor and binding of its cognate ligands such as EGF (Epidermal Growth Factor) and TGF alpha (Transforming Growth Factor alpha) to the extracellular domain leads to EGFR dimerization followed by autophosphorylation of the tyrosine residues in the cytoplasmic domain. (thermofisher.com)
  • Receptor tyrosine kinase binding ligands of the EGF family and activating several signaling cascades to convert extracellular cues into appropriate cellular responses. (bioss.com.cn)
  • FAs are structures composed of clustered transmembrane proteins called integrins that bind to the extracellular matrix and link to the actin cytoskeleton and control cell migration, proliferation, survival and differentiation (Gardel et al. (bio2009.org)
  • Structurally, PD-1 consists of extracellular immunoglobulin (Ig)-like variable domains, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail responsible for signal transduction and binding to scaffold molecules. (medicaltrend.org)
  • Endocytosis is a fundamental process involved in trafficking of various extracellular and transmembrane molecules from the cell surface to its interior. (mdpi.com)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a type III transmembrane adaptor protein that binds to the tyrosine kinase csk protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Activation of P2Y12 receptor first phosphorylates BAD through the PI3K Akt pathway, and the liquid acidified BAD binds to 14-3-3 protein to separate BAD from BAD Bcl-XL complex, thus releasing free Bcl-XL. (researchsquare.com)
  • As an important anti-apoptotic protein, dissociated Bcl-XL mainly binds to BAK or Bax and inhibits the pore-promoting activity of BAK or Bax [ 10 ] to achieve its anti-apoptotic function. (researchsquare.com)
  • EGFR is a cell surface protein that binds to epidermal growth factor. (bioss.com.cn)
  • Smaug, a protein that helps to establish a morphogen gradient in Drosophila embryos by repressing the translation of nanos (nos) mRNA, binds to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of nos mRNA via two similar hairpin structures. (embl.de)
  • Anteroposterior patterning in Drosophila melanogaster is dependent on the sequence-specific RNA-binding protein Smaug, which binds to and regulates the translation of nanos (nos) mRNA. (embl.de)
  • Physiologically, the N-terminal domain of p126 binds the Src-homology 3 (SH3) domain of c-Abl, leading to activation of the MAPK/ERK2 kinase. (molcells.org)
  • The signaling cascade is down-regulated by dephosphorylation by protein tyrosine phosphatases. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • These negative signals are mediated by key signaling transducers, such as tyrosine kinases, inositol phosphatases, and diacylglycerol kinases, allowing them to counteract T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated activation. (medicaltrend.org)
  • Activated TCR triggers the assembly of a signalosome, with key components including tyrosine kinases like Lck and Zap70, scaffold proteins such as Lat, SLP76, and Themis, and phospholipase Cγ1 (PLC γ1), as well as tyrosine phosphatases and E3 ubiquitin ligases like SHP1 and Cbl, among others. (medicaltrend.org)
  • ITIMs negatively modulate cell activation by recruiting phosphatases such as protein tyrosine phosphatases 1 and 2 (SHP-1 and SHP-2), as well as inositol 5′-phosphatases 1 and 2 (SHIP-1 and SHIP-2). (medicaltrend.org)
  • Anti-inflammatory treatment with the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor SB239063 is neuroprotective, decreases the number of activated microglia and facilitates neurogenesis in oxygen-glucose-deprived hippocampal slice cultures. (cbbs.eu)
  • TNF signaling controls immune cell activation via regulation of gene expression of chemokines, cytokines, and toxic molecules, including the reactive oxygen species, transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). (xiahepublishing.com)
  • CD4 (T4) is a single chain transmembrane glycoprotein and belongs to immunoglobulin supergene family. (exbio.cz)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is a member of the protein kinase superfamily. (bioss.com.cn)
  • Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1, CD279) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that belongs to the CD28 receptor superfamily. (medicaltrend.org)
  • Activated upon BCR engagement, it phosphorylates and activates BLNK an adapter linking the activated BCR to downstream signaling adapters and effectors. (icr.ac.uk)
  • Upon stimulation by fungal proteins, CLEC7A together with SYK activates immune cells inducing the production of ROS. (icr.ac.uk)
  • The phosphorylated receptor recruits adapter proteins like GRB2 which in turn activates complex downstream signaling cascades. (bioss.com.cn)
  • Activates at least 4 major downstream signaling cascades including the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK, PI3 kinase-AKT, PLCgamma-PKC and STATs modules. (bioss.com.cn)
  • The p38α further activates CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) resulting in cancer-related consequences, i.e. protein translation, cell differentiation and cell growth. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • We identified a novel way of spreading Wnt proteins in vertebrates: Wnt molecules are mobilized on specific cell protrusions known as cytonemes. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • The Igf 1 receptor signaling pathway regulates cell growth and survival by activating downstream signaling molecules that promote cell proliferation, inhibit apoptosis, and stimulate protein synthesis. (ebiwinner.com)
  • These specialized signalling filopodia transmit signal proteins between communicating cells and allow a high degree of control of propagation speed, direction and concentration of the transmitted ligand. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • Binding of the protein to a ligand induces receptor dimerization and tyrosine autophosphorylation and leads to cell proliferation. (bioss.com.cn)
  • The only ligand recognized to bind MST1R (RON) is Macrophage Stimulating 1 (MST1), also known as Macrophage Stimulating Protein (MSP) or Hepatocyte Growth Factor-Like Protein (HGFL). (frontiersin.org)
  • Eph and ephrin proteins interact with a number of other ligand/receptor systems to influence how cells translate environmental signals to orchestrate morphogenetic events. (silverchair.com)
  • Using chimeric proteins in which CD4 is fused to the large intracellular loop of each of the AChR subunits we found that agrin induced clustering of only chimeras containing the β subunit loop. (jneurosci.org)
  • Each subunit has a large intracellular loop between the third and fourth transmembrane domains that is the likely site for regulated interactions with postsynaptic scaffolding proteins. (jneurosci.org)
  • FAK can directly bind to the p85 subunit of PI-3-kinase, which leads to the activation and production of the signaling phospholipid PIP3, resulting in the activation of Akt. (bio2009.org)
  • an adapter protein coupling the receptor to downstream signaling pathways. (bioss.com.cn)
  • Mainly, it controls three pathways through the TNFR1, inducing the proliferation of various kinases. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • 2009). APPL1 endosomes are platforms for signaling affecting both the MAP kinase and Akt pathways (Masters et al. (bio2009.org)
  • The key components of the Igf 1 receptor signaling pathway include the IGF-1 receptor, insulin receptor substrate proteins (IRS), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), AKT, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). (ebiwinner.com)
  • Transmembrane region forms 25 aa, cytoplasmic tail consists of 38 aa. (exbio.cz)
  • The cytoplasmic tail of PD-1 contains two tyrosine-based motifs, an ITIM (VDY223GEL), and an ITSM (TEY248ATI). (medicaltrend.org)
  • PZR: an immunoglobulin superfamily cell surface protein. (assaygenie.com)
  • The semaphorin superfamily are composed of three protein families, the semaphorins, plexins and the c-Met family [ 2 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • For example, the binding of SH2 domains to target proteins involves the recognition of a phosphorylated tyrosine residue, and specificity of individual SH2 domains is mediated by the recognition of amino acid residues immediately C-terminal to the phospho-tyrosine (2). (ufoscience.org)
  • Contains two tyrosine-based inhibition motifs (ITIMs) responsible for binding of SHP-2. (assaygenie.com)
  • Upon binding, the tyrosine residues in the signaling motifs are phosphorylated by membrane-associated tyrosine kinases. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • ARAP2 associates with adaptor protein with PH domain, PTB domain and leucine zipper motifs 1 (APPL1) in endosomes (Chen et al. (bio2009.org)
  • These motifs are phosphorylated by Src family kinases (SFKs) upon receptor activation and play crucial roles in regulating the immune system. (medicaltrend.org)
  • PAG (phosphoprotein associated with GEMs), also known as Cbp (Csk-binding protein), is a ubiquitously expressed 46 kDa transmembrane adaptor protein present in membrane rafts (glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains), which however migrates on SDS PAGE gels anomalously as an 80 kDa molecule. (exbio.cz)
  • Note: PAG/Cbp is a 46 kDa adaptor protein, which however migrates on SDS PAGE gels anomalously as an 80 kDa molecule. (exbio.cz)
  • The target specificity of individual SH2 domains is based on the recognition of the three amino acids carboxyl terminal to the phospho-tyrosine within the target molecule. (ufoscience.org)
  • ITSMs can transmit positive or negative signals by recruiting adapters like signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM)-associated protein (SAP). (medicaltrend.org)
  • One key insight into the Igf 1 receptor signaling pathway is the involvement of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt. (ebiwinner.com)
  • Phosphoprotein associated with glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PAG1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • inhibits dimerization of the kinase domain and autophosphorylation. (bioss.com.cn)
  • The mechanism by which MuSK signaling regulates the interaction of the AChR with scaffolding proteins that localize it in the postsynaptic membrane, however, remain unknown. (jneurosci.org)
  • Protein kinase C-theta critically regulates the proliferation and survival of pathogen-specific T cells in murine listeriosis. (cbbs.eu)
  • However, it remains unclear where these proteins bind on the AChR and how the interactions are regulated. (jneurosci.org)
  • Their function is to bind tyrosine-phosphorylated sequences in specific protein targets. (ufoscience.org)
  • What do proteins with SH3 domains bind to? (ufoscience.org)
  • Interacting with tyrosine kinases, SH3 proteins usually bind far away from the active site. (ufoscience.org)
  • Src homology 2 (SH2) domains are evolutionary conserved small protein modules that bind specifically to tyrosine-phosphorylated peptides. (ufoscience.org)
  • SH3 domains bind to target proteins through sequences containing proline and hydrophobic amino acids. (ufoscience.org)
  • Abstract ARAP2 is an Arf GAP that has previously been reported to affect focal adhesions (FAs) by regulating Arf6 and integrin trafficking and to bind to the adaptor proteins APPL1. (bio2009.org)
  • The SH2 (Src Homology 2) domain is a structurally conserved protein domain contained within the Src oncoprotein and in many other intracellular signal-transducing proteins. (ufoscience.org)
  • Inhibitors for c-Met and RON including small molecular weigh kinase inhibitors and neutralizing antibodies are in pre-clinical investigation and clinical trials. (oncotarget.com)
  • Several of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors have activity against both c-Met and RON kinases whereas the antibodies generally are target specific. (oncotarget.com)
  • Mutations in the RON and c-Met promoters are known to enhance transcription and point mutations have been identified that enhance tyrosine kinase activity [ 19 - 21 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • The pro-apoptotic function of bcl-XL is realized by binding to anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-XL and inhibiting its anti-apoptotic activity. (researchsquare.com)
  • Also directly phosphorylates other proteins like RGS16, activating its GTPase activity and probably coupling the EGF receptor signaling to the G protein-coupled receptor signaling. (bioss.com.cn)
  • The SH3 domain of Src-family PTKs, which regulate many cellular functions, such as cell proliferation and differentiation, survival, migration and cytoskeletal modifications, is mainly involved in substrate recognition and downregulation of the kinase activity. (ufoscience.org)
  • Sperm intracellular cAMP levels depend on the activity of adenylyl cyclases, mostly SACY, though transmembrane-containing adenylyl cyclases are also present, and on the activity of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDE) whose role is to degrade cAMP into 5'-AMP. (plos.org)
  • Adaptor proteins contain a series of protein-binding sites that link respective interaction partners to each other and facilitate the generation of larger signaling complexes (1). (ufoscience.org)
  • The sterile alpha motif (SAM) domain is a putative protein interaction module present in a wide variety of proteins [ ( PUBMED:9007998 ) ] involved in many biological processes. (embl.de)
  • FN2 is followed by a transmembrane (TM) helix, and an intracellular part consisting of a juxtamembrane (JM) region with several conserved tyrosine (Y) residues, a tyrosine kinase domain, a sterile-α motif (SAM) protein-protein interaction domain, and a C-terminal Psd-95, Dlg and ZO1 domain (PDZ)-binding motif ( Pasquale, 2008 ). (silverchair.com)
  • MPZL1 is a main receptor for concanavalin-A (ConA) and it is involved in cellular signaling induced by ConA, which most likely includes Src family tyrosine-protein kinases. (assaygenie.com)
  • Members of the Non-catalytic tyrosine-phosphorylated receptor family share a couple of common features. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The highly conserved family of Wnt proteins represents important regulators of cell behaviour, tissue development and homeostasis by inducing responses in a concentration-dependent manner. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • Here, we show that plexin-B family members stably associate with the receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB-2. (rupress.org)
  • In nucleated cells, BAD is an important target gene downstream of Akt [ 9 ] and belongs to the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family of proteins. (researchsquare.com)
  • This protein is a receptor for members of the epidermal growth factor family. (bioss.com.cn)
  • MST1R (RON) is a trans-membrane receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), which is part of the c-MET proto-oncogene family. (frontiersin.org)
  • This represents a new function for the SAM domain family, which is well characterized for mediating protein-protein interactions. (embl.de)
  • C-terminal peptide (last 15 amino acids) of human Csk binding protein coupled to KLH. (exbio.cz)
  • STAT5 protein, involved in cytosolic signaling, is activated by TRAF2 through PI3K. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • Although a high level of PDE10A gene expression is observed in the testis, information on the identity of the isoforms or on the cell type that express the PDE10 protein is lacking. (plos.org)
  • Vang T, Abrahamsen H, Myklebust S, Horejsi V, Tasken K: Combined spatial and enzymatic regulation of Csk by cAMP and protein kinase a inhibits T cell receptor signaling. (exbio.cz)
  • LIME: a new membrane Raft-associated adaptor protein involved in CD4 and CD8 coreceptor signaling. (exbio.cz)