Translocation nuclear localization signals. Medical search. Frequent questions

Protein-interactions e.g., with muscle ankyrin repeat proteins or muscle LIM-protein link titin to hypertrophic signaling and via p62 and Muscle Ring Finger proteins to mechanisms that control protein quality control. (frontiersin.org)
SUMOylation is a post-translational modification of proteins that has been found to play a major role in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. (frontiersin.org)
Blocking the interaction between PIF7 and 14-3-3 proteins or reducing the expression of 14-3-3 proteins accelerates shade-induced nuclear localization and de-phosphorylation of PIF7, and enhances the shade phenotype. (elifesciences.org)
These studies demonstrate a phosphorylation-dependent translocation of PIF7 when plants are in shade and a novel mechanism involving 14-3-3 proteins, mediated by the retention of PIF7 in the cytoplasm that suppresses the shade response. (elifesciences.org)
These studies have revealed that 14-3-3 proteins can interact with the phosphorylated forms of their client proteins in response to certain signals, and that this binding finalizes the signaling event by enabling a change in the subcellular localization, protein stability or intrinsic enzymatic activity of the client, or by promoting an association between the client and other proteins. (elifesciences.org)
However, in an investigation of BRAF localisation using fluorescence microscopy combined with subcellular fractionation of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)-tagged proteins expressed in NIH3T3 cells, surprisingly, we detected N-terminally truncated BRAF (ΔBRAF) in both nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments. (bath.ac.uk)
If the nuclear exclusion of truncated BRCA2 proteins is also observed in primary tumour samples, then individuals with truncating mutations in BRCA2 could be screened by immunostaining. (biomedcentral.com)
Nuclear proteins are actively and posttranslationally transported across the nuclear envelope. (unibas.ch)
Receptor-binding is mediated by nuclear localization signals that have been identified in many nuclear proteins. (unibas.ch)
Analyses of the molecular pathophysiology using the primary cells from the Tmem53 -/- mice and the TMEM53 knock-out cell lines indicates that TMEM53 inhibits BMP signaling in osteoblast lineage cells by blocking cytoplasm-nucleus translocation of BMP2-activated Smad proteins. (nature.com)
IκBα inhibits the NF-κB by keeping them in a state isolated from the inactive cytoplasmic mask and the nuclear localization signal of NF-κB proteins. (researchsquare.com)
We assessed calcineurin/NFAT activation in cultured keratinocytes by measuring the degree of nuclear localization of calcineurin and NFAT1 using immunofluorescence/confocal microscopy and assessed if cyclosporin A and tacrolimus blocked nuclear translocation of these proteins. (ncl.ac.uk)
The IkB alpha antibody outcomes recommend a previously unidentified part from the 2/1 subunit in skeletal c-Kit-IN-2 muscle tissue and support the participation of this proteins in extracellular signalling. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)

The NFkB complex is expressed in most cell types, and is primarily found in the cytoplasm in an inactive state in association with I-kappa-B. Phosphorylation of I-kappa-B releases the complex, allowing translocation to the nucleus and modification of gene expression. (thermofisher.com)
Nuclear GFP-ΔBRAF retains MEK/ERK activating potential and is associated with the accumulation of phosphorylated MEK and ERK in the nucleus. (bath.ac.uk)
The bound complex is internalized and translocates into the oocyte nucleus thanks to an SV40 nuclear localization signal, enhanced by an adjacent casein kinase phosphorylation site. (biologists.com)
Although the S protein is a surface transmembrane type 1 glycoprotein, it has been predicted to be translocated into the nucleus due to the novel nuclear localization signal (NLS) "PRRARSV," which is absent from the S protein of other coronaviruses. (nebraska.edu)
BRCA2 is localised to the nucleus and the functions ascribed to it are nuclear functions. (biomedcentral.com)
Binding of BMP2/4 to their receptors initiates the signal transduction cascade by inducing phosphorylation of SMAD1/5/9, which can then form hetero-complexes with SMAD4 followed by translocation into the nucleus to upregulate osteogenesis-related genes. (nature.com)
We show that TMEM53 acts as an inhibitor of BMP-SMAD signaling by preventing SMAD accumulation in the cell nucleus and that its deficiency enhances osteogenic differentiation by overactivating the BMP signaling pathway. (nature.com)
In addition to its canonical roles as a cytoplasmic kinase downstream of integrin and growth factor receptor signaling, recent studies revealed new aspects of FAK action in the nucleus. (molcells.org)
These findings established a new paradigm of FAK signaling from cellular adhesions to the nucleus. (molcells.org)
Although physiological stimuli for controlling FAK nuclear localization have not been completely characterized, FAK shuttles from focal adhesions to the nucleus to directly convey extracellular signals. (molcells.org)
Cyclosporin A and tacrolimus block T cell activation by inhibiting the phosphatase calcineurin and preventing translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus of the transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). (ncl.ac.uk)
When Wnt signaling is definitely activated, -catenin is definitely discharged GNGT1 from your degradation of complicated leading to the translocation of -catenin into nucleus, where it affiliates using the T-cell element/lymphoid enhancer element (TCF/LEF) category of transcription elements to activate particular Wnt focus on genes [10, 11]. (opioid-receptors.com)

BRAF is a cytoplasmic protein kinase, which activates the MEK-ERK signalling pathway. (bath.ac.uk)
Western blots of nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions of BRCA2 mutant cells. (biomedcentral.com)
cell lines, these transcripts are translated into immunodetectable cytoplasmic and nuclear protein. (justia.com)

Early- and late-phase LTP also involve different signaling pathways. (jneurosci.org)
Furthermore, the Wnt/β-catenin can crosstalk with other signaling pathways including Notch, FGF, Hedgehog, and TGF-β/BMP signaling cascades to form a signaling network to regulate the survival and progression of cancer cells ( 14 - 16 ). (frontiersin.org)
Membrane-bound HER receptors activate numerous tumor promoting signaling cascades via this mechanism, including the PI3K/AKT, Ras/Raf/Mek/Erk, PLCγ/PKC, and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways [1] , [2] . (plos.org)
Calcium mineral stations are essential mediators of several varied procedures c-Kit-IN-2 such as for example hormone and neurotransmitter launch, activation of intracellular signalling pathways, pacemaker adjustments or activity in gene manifestation. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
Induction of canonical autophagy is mainly controlled by the AKT/mTOR and AMPK signaling pathways and relies on the activation and assembly of two macromolecular complexes, the ATG1/ULK1 and the Class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) complex (Figure 1 ) [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)

Here, we show that NEMO phosphorylation by GSK-3β leads to NEMO localization into multivesicular bodies (MVBs). (mdpi.com)
Here, we show that shade light induces the de-phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation of PIF7. (elifesciences.org)
Phosphorylation-resistant site mutations in PIF7 result in increased nuclear localization and shade-induced gene expression, and consequently augment hypocotyl elongation. (elifesciences.org)
In addition, curcumin eliminated the effects of leptin on the activation of HSCs in vitro by reducing the phosphorylation level of the leptin receptor (Ob-R), leading to the suppression of Ob-R gene expression and the interruption of leptin signaling ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a delicate and complex signal transduction pathway mediated by multiple signaling molecules, which plays a significant role in regulating human physiology and pathology. (frontiersin.org)
NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor present in almost all cell types and is the endpoint of a series of signal transduction events that are initiated by a vast array of stimuli related to many biological processes such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. (cusabio.com)
Phosphorylated tyrosine residues recruit various intracellular adaptor and effector molecules that result in the propagation of growth promoting signal transduction cascades [1] , [2] . (plos.org)
This process, called signal transduction, plays the essential role in many biological processes and diseases, such as cancer. (researchsquare.com)
The low affinity form is a monomer of the alpha subunit and is not involved in signal transduction. (cancer-genetics.org)
Both the intermediate and high affinity forms of the receptor are involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis and transduction of mitogenic signals from interleukin 2. (cancer-genetics.org)

In pancreatic islets, GLUT2 allows a rapid equilibration of glucose between the extracellular space and the interior of the cells and it may play a crucial role in the glucose signaling mechanism leading to insulin secretion (43). (justia.com)
Agonists that induce keratinocyte differentiation, specifically 12:0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) plus ionomycin, TPA, and raised extracellular calcium, induced nuclear translocation of NFAT1 and calcineurin in keratinocytes that was inhibited by pretreatment with cyclosporin A or tacrolimus. (ncl.ac.uk)
Furthermore to carbohydrates for the extracellular part of the 2/1 subunit, additional conserved domains considered to c-Kit-IN-2 mediate cell signalling can be found in this area. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)

PLAG1 is activated by the reciprocal chromosomal translocations involving 8q12 in a subset of salivary gland pleomorphic adenomas. (antibodies-online.com)
The cryptic interstitial deletion on chromosome band 4q12 leading to FIP1L1-PDGFRA fusion is quite unique as it is generated by a cryptic chromosomal deletion, rather than a translocation (Gotlib and Cools, 2008). (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)

RAF-MEK-ERK signalling is normally thought to occur in the cytoplasm of the cell. (bath.ac.uk)
RAD51, a nuclear protein, has been shown to interact with the 6174delT form of BRCA2, which lacks the NLSs and is localised to the cytoplasm. (biomedcentral.com)
Once NFAT2 is activated, it exposes nuclear localization sequences, promoting its cytoplasm-to-nuclear translocation and then NFAT2 forms heterodimers with other transcription factors to exert its transcriptional functions [6]. (researchsquare.com)

Nuclear translocation of p21 was not required for its degradation, but rather promoted DNA repair and cell survival. (korea.ac.kr)
Nuclear FAK promotes p53 and GATA4 degradation via ubiquitination, resulting in enhanced cell proliferation and reduced inflammatory responses. (molcells.org)

Abnormally activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a crucial role in promoting malignant tumor occurrence, development, recurrence, and metastasis, particularly in cancer stem cells. (frontiersin.org)

Studies have shown that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway controls cell fate and function through the transcriptional and post-translational regulation of omics networks. (frontiersin.org)
However, recent studies have suggested that BRAFi/MEKi and ERK1/2i resistance can arise through activation of a parallel signalling pathway leading to activation of ERK5, an unusual protein kinase that contains both a kinase domain and a transcriptional transactivation domain. (babraham.ac.uk)
NFAT2, as an important transcriptional promoter, regulates expression of TNF-α, myc proto-oncogene protein (c-myc), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Fas ligand (FasL) and also generates crosstalks with ERK/MAPK pathway and AKT/GSK3b signaling, which achieves its control of the cell fate [7-12]. (researchsquare.com)
To understand how the B 1 and B 2 regions influenced the transcriptional functions of nuclear HER3, we performed cyclin D1 promoter-luciferase assays in which HER3 deleted of the B 1 and B 2 regions was severely hindered in regulating this promoter. (plos.org)
Not only did curcumin treatment increase mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number in hepatocytes, but it also increased levels of transcriptional factors that regulate mitochondrial biogenesis, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam). (spandidos-publications.com)
We demonstrated that promotion aftereffect of miR-224 on proliferation and invasion of individual CRC cells could possibly be manifested partly with the deposition and nuclear translocation of -catenin and eventually up-regulation of its transcriptional goals c-Myc [22, 23] and CyclinD1 [24, 25]. (opioid-receptors.com)

NFkB is a nuclear transcription factor activated by various extra and intracellular stimuli such as cytokines, UV radiation, stress, in injury, and by bacterial and viral products. (thermofisher.com)

However, the mechanism by which nuclear translocation is regulated remains unclear. (nature.com)
Our findings establish a previously unreported SBD entity and demonstrate a regulatory mechanism in the BMP signaling pathway that impacts bone formation and development. (nature.com)

These resistance mechanisms frequently involve reinstatement of ERK1/2 signalling and BRAFi are now deployed in combination with one of three approved MEK1/2 inhibitors (MEKi) to provide more durable, but still transient, clinical responses. (babraham.ac.uk)
Here we show that GFP-ΔBRAF nuclear translocation does not involve a canonical Nuclear Localisation Signal (NLS), but is suppressed by N-terminal sequences. (bath.ac.uk)

Therefore, precise regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling as a cancer-targeting strategy may contribute to the treatment of some malignancies. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we review the complex regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by SUMOylation and discuss the potential targets of SUMOylation therapy. (frontiersin.org)
Next, we identified full-length nuclear HER3 association and regulation of a 122 bp region of the cyclin D1 promoter. (plos.org)
Our results establish a previously unreported SBD entity (craniotubular dysplasia, Ikegawa type) and contribute to a better understanding of the regulation of BMP signaling and bone formation. (nature.com)
These data provide the first evidence that calcineurin is functionally active in human keratinocytes inducing nuclear translocation of NFAT1 and also indicate that regulation of NFAT1 nuclear translocation in skin is cell type specific. (ncl.ac.uk)

At the cellular level, the actions of glucocorticoids are mediated by a 94-kd protein, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). The human (h) GR belongs to the steroid/thyroid/retinoic acid superfamily of nuclear receptors and functions as a ligand-dependent transcription factor that regulates the expression of glucocorticoid-responsive genes positively or negatively. (medscape.com)

Nuclear localized HER family receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) have been observed in primary tumor specimens and cancer cell lines for nearly two decades. (plos.org)
Drosophila immune deficiency (IMD) pathway is similar to the human tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) signaling pathway and is preferentially activated by Gram-negative bacterial infection. (cnrs.fr)

This study identifies two nuclear localisation signals (NLSs) within BRCA2 and makes the important observation that they are downstream of all known cancer-associated truncating mutations in BRCA2 . (biomedcentral.com)

Pathogenic variants in the patients impair the TMEM53-mediated blocking effect, thus leading to overactivated BMP signaling that promotes bone formation and contributes to the SBD phenotype. (nature.com)

Otros autores sugieren que ese es el resultado de mutaciones en oncogenes, genes supresores y enzimas de la vía glucolítica o del metabolismo oxidativo mitocondrial (Myc, Akt, p53, HIF1-α). (researchgate.net)
The genes involved in the translocation were determined in one case (Meyer et al. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
This translocation seems to create nonfunctional fusion genes. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)

Translocation is energy-dependent and occurs through the nuclear pore complex. (unibas.ch)

The expression patterns of the principal components of calcineurin/NFAT signaling pathway in normal human skin and psoriasis were determined by immunohistochemistry. (ncl.ac.uk)
Increased nuclear localization of NFAT1 was observed in suprabasal keratinocytes within lesional and to a lesser extent nonlesional psoriatic epidermis compared to normal skin (p = 0.001 and p = 0.03, respectively), suggesting increased activation of calcineurin in psoriatic epidermal keratinocytes. (ncl.ac.uk)

Moreover, the breakpoint in the Ig gene to which MYC is transferred in eBL occurs at the V(D)J region, suggesting that translocation occurs during V(D)J recombination. (bmj.com)

Pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 encodes a zinc finger protein with 2 putative nuclear localization signals. (antibodies-online.com)
Here, we discover a previously unknown type of SBD in four independent families caused by bi-allelic loss-of-function pathogenic variants in TMEM53 , which encodes a nuclear envelope transmembrane protein. (nature.com)
In this study, we discover a previously unknown type of SBD and identify its causal gene, TMEM53 , which encodes nuclear envelope transmembrane (NET) protein 53 (TMEM53, also known as NET4). (nature.com)

In this review, roles of nuclear FAK in regulating transcription factors will be discussed. (molcells.org)
Discussion at the Vancouver meeting spanned several areas of research, including signaling pathway activation of EMT and the transcription factors and gene targets involved. (rupress.org)

Nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 (NFAT2, also known as NFATc and NFATc1) is an important member of NFAT family which plays a vital role in T cell activation and differentiation [4]. (researchsquare.com)
The aberrant activation of Wnt/-catenin signaling pathway is known as to be an important concern in tumorigenesis and development of CRC [2, 3]. (opioid-receptors.com)
It's been popular that inactivating mutation of APC gene continues to NVP-231 manufacture be regarded as an important event for constitutive activation of Wnt/-catenin signaling mutation that leads to carcinogenesis and development in CRC [12, 13]. (opioid-receptors.com)

Signaling is initiated when the Wnt ligand binds to the Frizzled receptor on the cell membrane and the LDL receptor-associated protein 5/6 (LRP5/6) co-receptor. (frontiersin.org)
Overexpression of the wild type p21, but not the one with defective nuclear localization signal (NLS), reduced UV-induced DNA damage and cell death. (korea.ac.kr)

Bone formation represents a heritable trait regulated by many signals and complex mechanisms. (nature.com)
Therefore, alternative mechanisms by which Wnt/-catenin signaling had been triggered in CRC might can be found. (opioid-receptors.com)

This transport is a highly selective process that can be divided into two steps, receptor-binding followed by translocation through the nuclear envelope. (unibas.ch)

Interestingly, nuclear translocation of FAK becomes prominent in kinase-inhibited conditions such as in de-adhesion and pharmacological FAK inhibition, while a small fraction of nuclear FAK is observed a normal growth condition. (molcells.org)

Similar results were obtained using ΔBRAF tagged with the hormone-binding domain of the oestrogen receptor (hbER) and with the KIAA1549-ΔBRAF translocation mutant found in human pilocytic astrocytomas. (bath.ac.uk)

The RAS-regulated RAF-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signalling pathway is frequently de-regulated in human cancer. (babraham.ac.uk)
In contrast in human dermal fibroblasts, TPA plus ionomycin or TPA did not significantly alter the proportion of nuclear-associated NFAT1. (ncl.ac.uk)

Mitochondrial targeting signals. (manchester.ac.uk)

In the present study, we observed a significant increase in the nuclear translocation of Sp1 using both in vivo and in vitro models of RIF. (ijbs.com)

NFKB1 (p50) is a 50KDa functional sub-unit of NF-kB and a member of Rel protein family which is synthesized as a p105 precursor protein and consists of an N-terminal conserved RHD-region containing nuclear localization signal, DNA-binding and dimerization domains. (thermofisher.com)
Brand TM, Iida M, Luthar N, Wleklinski MJ, Starr MM, Wheeler DL (2013) Mapping C-Terminal Transactivation Domains of the Nuclear HER Family Receptor Tyrosine Kinase HER3. (plos.org)

Sequence analysis of BRCA2 revealed the presence of four potential nuclear localisation signals (NLSs), three near the C terminus. (biomedcentral.com)
2002. The accidental sinking of the nuclear submarine, the Kursk: monitoring of radioactivity and the preliminary assessment of the potential impact of radioactive releases. (cdc.gov)

Following the first member of the Wnt family identified over the last four decades ( 25 ), several recent studies have focused on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway ( 26 , 27 ). (frontiersin.org)

Identification of the nuclear and nucleolar localization signals of the protein p120. (wikipedia.org)

Behavioral studies have shown that NO is involved in learning several types of tasks, some of which are remembered for days (for review, see Hawkins, 1996 ), raising the question of whether NO signaling might also be involved in L-LTP. (jneurosci.org)

Nitric oxide (NO) is thought to be involved in E-LTP, but until now there has been no information about the role of the NO-signaling pathway in L-LTP. (jneurosci.org)
The role of soluble factors in nuclear import. (manchester.ac.uk)

Nuclear factor 1 X-type is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NFIX gene. (wikipedia.org)
Nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 (NFAT2) has been reported to regulate the development and malignancy of few tumors. (researchsquare.com)

Moreover, we found that NCTD alleviated RIF by inhibiting Gm26669 and the nuclear translocation of Sp1. (ijbs.com)

It has been known for many years that the fundamental transforming event in BL is the translocation of the MYC gene, and the events that bring about this translocation and those that allow cells to survive with the constitutive expression of MYC have been the subject of intense investigation. (bmj.com)

Anatomy32

Organisms21

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs100

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment33

Phenomena and Processes70

Disciplines and Occupations1

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Proteins13

Nucleus12

Cytoplasmic3

Pathways5

Phosphorylation4

Transduction6

Extracellular3

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Pathway plays1

Transcriptional6

Intracellular1

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Involve2

Regulation5

Receptors1

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Mutations1

Contributes1

Genes3

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Activation3

Cell2

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Envelope1

Inhibition1

Mutant1

Human2

Mitochondrial1

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