• Spermiogenesis describes the differentiation of haploid germ cells into motile, fertilization-competent spermatozoa. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • This tremendous shape change requires the transduction of cytoskeletal forces Spermiogenesis describes the differentiation of haploid germ cells into motile, fertilization-competent spermatozoa. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • and the unique differentiation of haploid cells (spermiogenesis) (Figure 1 ). (jci.org)
  • Transition nuclear proteins (TNPs) are proteins that are involved in the packaging of sperm nuclear DNA during spermiogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • During this fundamental transition the species-specific sperm head is formed, which necessitates profound nuclear restructuring coincident with the assembly of sperm-specific structures and chromatin compaction. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • In this study LINC complexes were investigated with regard to their potential role in sperm head formation, in order to gain further insight into the processes occurring during spermiogenesis. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • The Drosophila chromosomal protein Mst77F is processed to generate an essential component of mature sperm chromatin. (ens-lyon.fr)
  • Histology evaluation: Abnormal spermiogenesis (see 1) characterized by abnormally shaped sperm heads and abnormal tail morphology. (jax.org)
  • Equatorial segment protein (ESP), a novel 349-amino acid concanavalin-A-binding protein encoded by a two-exon gene ( SP-ESP ) located on chromosome 15 at q22, has been localized to the equatorial segment of ejaculated human sperm. (bioone.org)
  • We are currently involved in projects evaluating oxidative stress-induced nuclear DNA damage and its effects on sperm quality and pregnancy outcome. (mensfe.net)
  • GCNA is a histone binding protein required for spermatogonial stem cell maintenance. (axonmedchem.com)
  • The Lid/KDM5 histone demethylase complex activates a critical effector of the oocyte-to-zygote transition. (ens-lyon.fr)
  • Postmeiotically, we observed a highly complex pattern of the histone modifications until late spermatid nuclear elongation stages. (biomedcentral.com)
  • LINC complexes consist of inner nuclear membrane integral SUN-domain proteins and outer nuclear membrane KASH-domain counterparts. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Upon performing GO analysis, we found that some DEGs correlated with an integral part of membrane, protein complex, cell surface, ATP binding, immune system process, signal transduction and metabolic process which are responsible for the epididymal injury. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Rapid evolution of a Y-chromosome heterochromatin protein underlies sex chromosome meiotic drive. (ens-lyon.fr)
  • Once spermatogonia enter the "differentiation" pathway, they become known as A1 spermatogonia in the mouse and A- pale spermatogonia in humans and begin a series of irreversible differentiation steps leading to meiosis and spermiogenesis ( 1 ) (Figure 1 ). (jci.org)
  • The majority of piRNAs were expressed during the transition from 12 to 18 weeks (Fig. 1a, ii and iii and Supplementary Fig. 1b ), the period when meiosis occurs during the first wave of spermatogenesis (Supplementary Fig. 1a ). (gokcumenlab.org)
  • To date, these protein complexes are known for their essential functions in nuclear migration, anchoring and positioning of the nucleus, and even for chromosome movements and the maintenance of cell polarity and nuclear shape. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Their function is to deliver the paternal genomic blueprint and a highly specialized epigenome along with a pool of proteins and coding and non-coding RNAs to the oocyte. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • In wild Saccharomyces , where changes in protein folding can persist for many generations, the folded structures of prion proteins template the folding of newly made proteins 5 . (nature.com)
  • One of the most important transitions in vertebrate evolution was the arising of terrestrial vertebrates, which entailed considerable morphological changes related to the acquisition of novel functions by pre-existing and, in several cases, pre-adapted structures, like the evolution of lobe fins into tetrapod limbs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Newborn mice in which phrenic motor neurons lacked a specific combination of cadherins experienced respiratory failure, showing that these proteins were needed for breathing circuits to develop normally. (elifesciences.org)
  • To this end, the behavior and function of the testis-specific SUN4 protein was studied. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Pachytene piRNAs have been proposed to either regulate mRNAs 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 or stabilize PIWI proteins for a function that does not require piRNA-guided sequence specificity 15 . (gokcumenlab.org)
  • This review summarizes evidence for the role of proteolytic enzymes that degrade and inactivate insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP) during follicular development in mammals. (bioone.org)
  • Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that these protein-coding genes were enriched for transcriptional regulation-related terms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The nht, mia, sa and rye proteins contain histone fold domain dimerization motifs. (sdbonline.org)
  • The carboxy-terminal two thirds of the CENP-A protein is 62% identical in sequence to histone H3, contains the histone-fold domain, and is required for localizing the protein to centromeric heterochromatin. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Single-Cell Transcriptomic Profiling of the Mouse Testicular Germ Cells Reveals Important Role of Phosphorylated GRTH/DDX25 in Round Spermatid Differentiation and Acrosome Biogenesis during Spermiogenesis. (nih.gov)
  • It is proposed that the products of the five Drosophila genes encoding testis TAF homologs collaborate in an alternative TAF-containing protein complex to regulate a testis-specific gene expression program in primary spermatocytes required for terminal differentiation of male germ cells (Hiller, 2004). (sdbonline.org)
  • This study is the first to demonstrate that PRDXs regulate protein CoAlation, which is part of the antioxidant response of human spermatozoa and participates in the redox regulation associated with sperm capacitation. (bvsalud.org)
  • To identify proteins that might collaborate with the dTAF5 homolog can to regulate expression of specific target genes in Drosophila spermatocytes, the expression and function of other TAF II homologs in the Drosophila genome were investigated (Hiller, 2004). (sdbonline.org)
  • Because different histone variants can contribute to a distinct or unique nucleosomal architecture, this heterogeneity can be exploited to regulate a wide range of nuclear functions, and evidence is accumulating that histone variants do indeed have distinct functions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Different histone variants can contribute to distinct or unique nucleosomal architectures, which could potentially be exploited to regulate nuclear functions such as transcription, gene silencing, replication or recombination. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition to in vivo fertilization there are many new in vitro technologies related to human infertility ( Assisted Reproductive Technology ) and animal production somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) to generate a zygote. (edu.au)
  • An additional six maternal proteins are incorporated into a subcortical maternal complex (SCMC) that helps tether cortical granules to the periphery of eggs and is required for cleavage-stage embryogenesis. (nih.gov)
  • Previous studies have shown that the cellular protein p32 also binds tightly to the unmodified RS domain of LBR. (hal.science)
  • MEG-3 is an intrinsically disordered protein that binds and phase separates with RNA in vitro. (elifesciences.org)
  • The spermatozoa have limited antioxidant defences, a high polyunsaturated fatty acids content and the impossibility of synthesizing proteins, thus being susceptible to oxidative stress. (bvsalud.org)
  • High levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) harm human spermatozoa, promoting oxidative damage to sperm lipids, proteins and DNA, leading to infertility. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here, the profile of protein CoAlation was examined in sperm capacitation and in human spermatozoa treated with different oxidizing agents (hydrogen peroxide, (H2O2), diamide and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP). (bvsalud.org)
  • Capacitated spermatozoa showed lower levels of protein CoAlation than non-capacitation cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • The spermatids metamorphose into mature spermatozoa during spermiogenesis which is dependent on nuclear licensing factor(s) required for transcriptional elongation at pachytene piRNA loci. (nih.gov)
  • Recently, CoA was shown to function as a major cellular antioxidant mediated by a covalent modification of surface-exposed cysteines by CoA (protein CoAlation) under oxidative or metabolic stresses. (bvsalud.org)
  • Additional ORFs coded for heat shock protein 70 homolog, heat shock protein 90 homolog, two divergent copies of coat protein, and three accessory proteins without identifiable functions. (preprints.org)
  • The experiments show that a protein called MEG-3 is required to allow the components of granules to transition from behaving like individual molecules dissolved in water (similar to being dissolved in cell fluid) to assembling into droplets. (elifesciences.org)
  • Two molecules of each of the core histone proteins - H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 - form an octamer, the protein component of the nucleosome core particle, around which 147 basepairs of DNA are wrapped. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Loss of myosin VI expression affects acrosome/acroplaxome complex morphology during mouse spermiogenesis. (umk.pl)
  • These organelles, each with a unique structure, collaborate to perform life-sustaining processes, from DNA replication and repair to protein synthesis. (microbiologynote.com)
  • Investigations are underway to identify germline specific components of the elongation complex and better understand downstream targets essential for spermiogenesis and male fertility. (nih.gov)
  • Oogenesis starts during the embryonic and fetal periods, whereas spermatogenesis starts at puberty Puberty Puberty is a complex series of physical, psychosocial, and cognitive transitions usually experienced by adolescents (11-19 years of age). (lecturio.com)
  • The multisubunit TFIID complex contains the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and 12-14 TBP-associated factors (TAFs) (Albright, 2000). (sdbonline.org)
  • For example, an alternate form of TAF4 (TAF4b -- formerly hTAF II 105) highly expressed in granulosa cells was found to associate with TBP and TAF1 in a large, TFIID-like protein complex in ovarian extracts (Freiman, 2001) and to be required for normal follicular development and for expression of a number of genes in developing ovarian follicles in mice (Hiller, 2004 and references therein). (sdbonline.org)
  • Diverse functions of myosin VI in spermiogenesis. (umk.pl)
  • 19. LEM-domain proteins are lost during human spermiogenesis but BAF and BAF-L persist. (nih.gov)
  • 1. Collective analysis of the expression and prognosis for LEM-domain proteins in prostate cancer. (nih.gov)
  • 4. Nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of the endonuclease ankyrin repeats and LEM domain-containing protein 1 (Ankle1) is mediated by canonical nuclear export- and nuclear import signals. (nih.gov)
  • 8. Zinc finger C3H1 domain-containing protein (ZFC3H1) evaluates the prognosis and treatment of prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD): A study based on TCGA data. (nih.gov)
  • 14. The GIY-YIG Type Endonuclease Ankyrin Repeat and LEM Domain-Containing Protein 1 (ANKLE1) Is Dispensable for Mouse Hematopoiesis. (nih.gov)