Transient cells nuclear localization signals. Medical search. Frequent questions

RNA-Seq analysis revealed that more severe disease in line W was associated with significant up-regulation of pathways involved in inflammation, cytoskeletal regulation by Rho GTPases, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signaling, and Wnt signaling in the bursa compared to line 15I. (imperial.ac.uk)
We also molecularly defined the development of Sertoli, Leydig and peritubular myoid cells during the perinatal period, allowing us to identify candidate signaling pathways acting between somatic and germ cells in a stage-specific manner during the perinatal period. (biologists.com)
Dysregulation of Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog and/or TGF-β signaling pathways that are involved in proliferation and maintenance of CSCs leads to the development of CRC. (biomedcentral.com)
This review focuses on the signaling pathways relevant for CRC to understand the mechanisms leading to tumor progression and therapy resistance, which may help in the development of therapeutic strategies for CRC. (biomedcentral.com)
A number of signaling pathways, most notably Wnt/β-catenin, notch and Hedgehog play important roles in maintaining the growth and functional integrity of CSC. (biomedcentral.com)
Our results provide an evolutionary perspective on H3.3's conserved role in maintaining the transcriptional landscape of cells and on the emergence of specialized chromatin assembly pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
Induction of canonical autophagy is mainly controlled by the AKT/mTOR and AMPK signaling pathways and relies on the activation and assembly of two macromolecular complexes, the ATG1/ULK1 and the Class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) complex (Figure 1 ) [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
This is the result of the modulation of a substantial number of signaling pathways whose participation in the alkaline response has been elucidated within the last ten years. (microbialcell.com)
The analysis of available data highlights cases in which diverse signaling pathways are integrated in the gene promoter to shape the appropriate response pattern. (microbialcell.com)

This behavior requires coordinated action of a nuclear localization signal and reversible receptor-mediated phosphorylation. (jhmi.edu)
Although both are required for developmental gene expression, receptor occupancy promotes nuclear exit of GtaC, which leads to a transient burst of transcription at each cAMP cycle. (jhmi.edu)
Acidic conditions activated the PI3K-Akt signaling in MM cells while upregulating the pH sensor transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) in a manner inhibitable by PI3K inhibition. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
The Wnt co-receptor, Lrp6, is required for signaling along the β-catenin arm. (silverchair.com)
The nuclear localization sequences of the BRCA1 protein interact with the importin-alpha subunit of the nuclear transport signal receptor. (xenbase.org)
CD3 associated with the T-cell receptor a/b or g/d dimer also plays a role in T-cell activation and signal transduction during antigen recognition. (biosemiotics2013.org)
In a previous report we showed that extracellular treatment with a combination of both the cellular receptor binding protein VP2 and the cell penetration protein VP5 is sufficient to trigger apoptosis through the activation of executioner caspase-3 [11]. (biosemiotics2013.org)
CD45 (LCA, leukocyte common antigen) is a receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) ubiquitously expressed in all nucleated hematopoietic cells, comprising approximately 10% of all surface proteins in lymphocytes. (thermofisher.com)
CD45 has been shown to be an essential regulator of T- and B-cell antigen receptor signaling and suppresses JAK kinases to regulate cytokine receptor signaling. (thermofisher.com)
Small-molecule inhibitors, antagonistic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), bispecific antibodies or biologics (bsAbs) and chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells (CAR-Ts) targeting Notch signaling components have been developed as investigational anti-cancer drugs ( 10 - 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
In cell cocultures, we observed increased expression of the TNF-α receptor Tnfrsf1b and Netrin-1. (aacrjournals.org)
T cell receptor beta (TCR-β) rearrangement and expression Staurosporine datasheet of CD69 are hallmarks of T-cell development, but expression of both was virtually absent in CD39tg DP thymocytes (Fig. 4B). (cetp-signal.com)

We identified three undifferentiated SG subsets at postnatal day 7, each of which expresses distinct genes, including transcription factor and signaling genes. (biologists.com)
In vivo , CWO induced transcriptional changes in immune-related genes, resulting in cytotoxic T cell-dependent tumor regression. (biorxiv.org)
p14ARF inhibits mdm2, thus promoting p53, which promotes p21 activation, which then binds and inactivates certain cyclin-CDK complexes, which would otherwise promote transcription of genes that would carry the cell through the G1/S checkpoint of the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
The Rb protein limits cell proliferation by blocking the activity of E2F transcription factors, which activate the transcription of genes needed for DNA replication. (wikipedia.org)
The acid-activated PI3K-Akt signaling facilitated the nuclear localization of the transcription factor Sp1 to trigger the expression of its target genes, including TRPV1 and HDAC1. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
Consistently, histone deacetylation was enhanced in MM cells in acidic conditions, while repressing a wide variety of genes, including DR4. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
This was accompanied by upregulation of the hypoxia-inducible genes GLUT1 and VEGF, increased cell migration and matrix metalloproteinase-mediated invasion. (uni-halle.de)
Deep RNA-DNA, RNA-protein interaction studies, and phenotype rescue analyses reveal that LETR1 is a nuclear trans-acting lncRNA modulating, via key epigenetic factors, the expression of essential target genes, including KLF4 and SEMA3C , governing the growth and migratory ability of LECs. (nature.com)
Subsequent repair of the DSBs is carried out by the host cell through either non-homologous end-joining pathway (NHEJ), leading to insertion and deletion mutations in the targeted genes, or homologous direct repair (HDR) in the presence of a DNA donor template. (biomedcentral.com)
Germline mutations in the NOTCH1 , NOTCH2 and NOTCH3 genes cause Adams-Oliver syndrome, Alagille syndrome and cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, respectively ( 4 ), and DLL4-NOTCH3 signaling in human vascular organoids induces basement membrane thickening and drives vasculopathy in the diabetic microenvironment ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
By contrast, somatic alterations in the genes encoding Notch signaling components drive various types of human cancer, such as breast cancer, small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) ( 6 - 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
This model of how nuclear positioning works is primarily based on experiments in Caenorhabditis elegans worms with mutations in the genes for either the UNC-84 or ANC-1 protein ( Starr and Fridolfsson, 2010 ). (elifesciences.org)
According to the model, if the nuclei in hyp-7 cells are exclusively anchored via the SUN-KASH bridge, then loss of the genes for UNC-84 or ANC-1 should have an identical effect and result in the same amount of nuclear clustering. (elifesciences.org)
We found genes involved in HOG pathway signaling, RNA polymerase II transcription, translation, diphthamide modifications of the translational elongation factor eEF2, and the oxidative stress response to be required for light resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, the expression of different genes sharing the same signaling network can be coordinated, allowing functional coupling of their gene products. (microbialcell.com)

Since oxidative stress activates protein kinase D1 (PKD1) in tumor cells, we investigated the effect of excitotoxicity on neuronal PKD1 activity. (nature.com)
We identified both gene and protein markers for three temporally distinct ProSG cell subsets, including a migratory cell population with a transcriptome distinct from the previously defined T1- and T2-ProSG stages. (biologists.com)
p14ARF is induced in response to elevated mitogenic stimulation, such as aberrant growth signaling from MYC and Ras (protein). (wikipedia.org)
NPM is an acidic ribosomal chaperone (protein) involved in preribosomal processing and nuclear exportation independent of p53, and oligomerizes with itself and p14ARF. (wikipedia.org)
Finally, we identify the region of the Lrp6 protein with Wnt/PCP activity to a stretch of 36 amino acids, distinct from regions required for Wnt/β-catenin signaling. (silverchair.com)
The cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) is involved in the tumorigenicity of HER-2/neu-overexpressing murine and human tumor cells, but a link between the HER-2/neu-mediated CREB activation, its posttranslational modification and localization and changes in the cellular metabolism, due to an altered (tumor) microenvironment remains to be established. (uni-halle.de)
The BRCA2 R3052W mutated protein exacerbates genome instability, is unable to rescue homology-directed repair, and fails to complement cell survival following exposure to PARP inhibitors and crosslinking drugs. (frontiersin.org)
We have previously shown that excretory-secretory product-62 (ES-62), a homologue of phosphorylcholine-containing molecules that are secreted by human parasites and which is active in rodent models of filarial infection, is able to polyclonally activate certain protein tyrosine kinase and mitogen-activating protein kinase signal transduction elements in B lymphocytes. (eurekamag.com)
It is also possible that UL33 contributes to the transient interaction of terminase with the portal protein, UL6, during packaging. (gla.ac.uk)
Very little E1 protein is produced during the course of an infection or in BPV transformed cells. (biomedcentral.com)
with this study no nuclear localization of NOTCH2 protein was observed by immunohistochemistry analysis in any of the examined tumors (7). (academicediting.org)
These data highlight that ESE-1 contains NLS and NES signals that play a critical role in regulating its subcellular localization and function, and that an intact SAR domain mediates MEC transformation exclusively in the cytoplasm, via a novel nontranscriptional mechanism, whereby the SAR motif is accessible for ligand and/or protein interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
The ER81 ETS protein, for example, is activated in human breast cancer cells by the oncoprotein HER-2, resulting in over-expression of the prosurvival telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
SpCas9 was also tagged with enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) gene for visualization of the SpCas9 expression signal in subcellular sites of Eimeria . (biomedcentral.com)
These pericryptal myofibroblasts produce the Wnt signalling ligands which bind to Frizzled receptors as well as morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonists gremlin 1(GREM1), gremlin 2 (GREM2) on basal epithelial stem cells and also can modulate notch signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
NFAT2, as an important transcriptional promoter, regulates expression of TNF-α, myc proto-oncogene protein (c-myc), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Fas ligand (FasL) and also generates crosstalks with ERK/MAPK pathway and AKT/GSK3b signaling, which achieves its control of the cell fate [7-12]. (researchsquare.com)
Reduced nuclear localization of the transcription factor Msn2 and lower glycogen accumulation indicated higher protein kinase A (cAMP-dependent protein kinase, PKA) activity in many light-sensitive gene deletion strains. (biomedcentral.com)
We conclude that yeast photobiology is multifaceted and that protein kinase A plays a key role in the ability of cells to grow upon visible light exposure. (biomedcentral.com)
Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a major structural adaptor protein governing signaling complex formation and cytoskeletal dynamics. (jneurosci.org)
HA-tagged FOXO3 protein (HA-FOXO3) was expressed in the 293-TLR4 cells together with FLAG-tagged IKK-β, IKK-ε, or bacterial alkaline phosphatase (BAP) as a negative control, and immunoprecipitated (IP) (Fig. 2A). (caspasepathway.com)
To determine if slow migrating bands observed in protein extracts of the cells expressing IKK-ε (Fig. 1B, 2A and C), correspond to phosphorylated forms of FOXO3, the extracts were treated with lambda-phosphatase to remove all phosphate groups. (caspasepathway.com)
A Nph3-KI targeting vector was designed in a way to result in the generation of a bicistron ic mRNA, encoding for a fusion Nph3-Flag protein, as well as for beta-galactosidase fused to a nuclear localization signal. (uni-goettingen.de)
1998). In parallel to the in vivo approach, a bacterial protein expression system was established, leading to the production of recombinant Nph1 and Nph3 for use in future in vitro experiments.Analysis of Nph3 expression in Nph3-KI mice was performed by assaying brain sections for beta-galactosidase activity, based on the co-expression of beta-galactosidase from Nph3-expressing cells. (uni-goettingen.de)
This method revealed the Nph3 expression pattern with high accuracy and sensitivity, suggesting a novel approach for the detailed in vivo identification of cells that express a particular protein. (uni-goettingen.de)

In embryos with decreased Lrp6 levels, cells of the dorsal marginal zone (DMZ), which undergoes extensive cellular rearrangements during gastrulation, exhibit decreased length:width ratios, decreased migration, and increased numbers of transient cytoplasmic protrusions. (silverchair.com)
ESE-1 initiates transformation of MCF-12A cells via a non-transcriptional, cytoplasmic process that is mediated by a unique 40-amino acid serine and aspartic acid rich (SAR) subdomain, whereas, ESE-1's nuclear transcriptional property is required to maintain the transformed phenotype of MCF7, ZR-75-1 and T47D breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)

During development, the blood vascular system arises from endothelial cell progenitors that differentiate from mesodermal cells, mostly through the expression of the transcription factor (TF) ETV2. (nature.com)
While previous publications have established ESE-1's transcription factor function, we have reported that ESE-1 initiates transformation of MECs via a novel non-nuclear, non-transcriptional mechanism [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Canonical Notch signaling activates the transcription of BMI1 proto‑oncogene polycomb ring finger, cyclin D1, CD44, cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A, hes family bHLH transcription factor 1, hes related family bHLH transcription factor with YRPW motif 1, MYC, NOTCH3, RE1 silencing transcription factor and transcription factor 7 in a cellular context‑dependent manner, while non‑canonical Notch signaling activates NF‑κB and Rac family small GTPase 1. (spandidos-publications.com)

This Antibody was verified by Cell treatment to ensure that the antibody binds to the antigen stated. (thermofisher.com)
CD45 glycoprotein is crucial in lymphocyte development and antigen signaling, serving as an important regulator of Src-family kinases. (thermofisher.com)
Extending these observations, colon biopsies from E. faecalis -colonized IL-10 −/− mice exhibited crypt hyperplasia and increased staining for macrophages, TNF-α, netrin-1, NF-κB, Tnfrsf1b, and the proliferation marker proliferating cell nuclear antigen while also displaying a reduction in epithelial cell apoptosis. (aacrjournals.org)

To assess the role of NES2 in regulating ESE-1 subcellular localization and subsequent transformation potency, we site-specifically mutagenized NES2, within full-length GFP-ESE-1 and GFP-NES2-SAR reporter constructs. (biomedcentral.com)

Although the INK4a and ARF proteins are structurally and functionally different, they are both involved in cell cycle progression. (wikipedia.org)
The development of cell free systems and biochemical assays will be an important step in further characterising these proteins. (gla.ac.uk)
The NF-κB exists as a heterodimer which is sequestered in the cytosol of unstimulated cells via non-covalent interactions with a class of inhibitor proteins called IκBs (viz. (biosemiotics2013.org)
16]). These inhibitor proteins mask the nuclear localisation signal of NF-κB. (biosemiotics2013.org)
Signals that induce NF-κB activity cause the phosphorylation of IκBs their dissociation and subsequent degradation allowing NF-κB proteins to Brassinolide supplier enter the nucleus and induce gene expression. (biosemiotics2013.org)
The SUN proteins (SAD1, UNC-84) sit across the inner nuclear membrane and connect to structures in the nucleus, such as chromatin and the nuclear lamina, and the KASH proteins (Klarsicht, ANC-1, Syne Homology) span across the outer nuclear membrane and interact with proteins in the cytoskeleton. (elifesciences.org)
Other flavin-associated proteins may also be excited by visible light and could contribute to either light sensing and signaling or light toxicity, the latter through photosensitization and ROS production [ 11 , 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Autophagy is a cellular catabolic process that eliminates damaged cell organelles, unfolded proteins, and various intracellular pathogens through lysosomal degradation. (hindawi.com)
During elongation and maturation, the phagophore encapsulates damaged proteins and cell organelles. (hindawi.com)
1993). Previous studies have shown that neurexophilins are secreted proteins of small molecular weight with structural features that resemble those of neuropeptides, suggesting a possible signaling function mediated by alpha-neurexins (Petrenko et al. (uni-goettingen.de)

The specific phophorylation and degradation of the IκBs determines whether the activation of NF-κB is a rapid and transient response. (biosemiotics2013.org)
The rapid and transient kinetics of IKK-ε-FOXO3 complex formation suggests that IKK-ε may signal to FOXO3 in response to TLR4 activation. (caspasepathway.com)

BRCA2 nuclear localization and export sequences are listed. (frontiersin.org)
In most eukaryotes, two classes of histones have been described: (1) replicative or canonical histones, expressed only during the S phase of the cell cycle, which are assembled onto chromatin in a DNA replication-dependent (RD) manner, and (2) variant histones, which differ in their primary amino acid sequences, are expressed throughout the cell cycle, and can be deposited in a replication-independent (RI) fashion [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Once NFAT2 is activated, it exposes nuclear localization sequences, promoting its cytoplasm-to-nuclear translocation and then NFAT2 forms heterodimers with other transcription factors to exert its transcriptional functions [6]. (researchsquare.com)

As progeny cells migrate towards the epithelial surface, a differentiation pathway is triggered, leading to changes in viral gene expression, genome amplification, and assembly of progeny virions. (biomedcentral.com)
CD45 is also important in promoting cell survival by modulating integrin-mediated signal transduction pathway, DNA fragmentation during apoptosis and inhibition or upregulation of various immunological functions. (thermofisher.com)
CgNLP1 disrupted nuclear accumulation of HbMYB8-like and suppressed necrosis induced by HbMYB8-like mediated SA signal pathway. (biorxiv.org)

They can regulate stem cell functions by modulating effects of Wnt signalling on ephrin B1 (EFNB1) and its receptors EPHB2, EPHB3 in the stem cells [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 (NFAT2) has been reported to regulate the development and malignancy of few tumors. (researchsquare.com)
We show that conserved signaling mechanisms regulate the acute transition from proliferative NSCs to committed glutamatergic excitatory neurons. (edu.au)

ARF does, however, also inhibit proliferation in cells lacking p53 or p53 and Mdm2. (wikipedia.org)
Then, the chemical count kit-8 cell viability assay, Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection, EdU labeling proliferation detection, transwell and wound healing experiments were performed. (researchsquare.com)
Therefore, besides the regulation of immune cells, NFAT2 also exerts modulatory effect of proliferation, invasion, metastasis and malignancy in breast cancer, lung cancer, melanoma and leukemia [13-15]. (researchsquare.com)
In this study, we constructed NFAT2 overexpressed cells (HepG2/NFAT2) based on HepG2 and investigated the effect of NFAT2 overexpression on HepG2 cells' viability, apoptosis, proliferation, invasion and migration. (researchsquare.com)
Here, we report that the central proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α acts as a diffusible mediator of the bystander effects induced by macrophages, an effect caused by a proliferation of macrophages that trigger epithelial cell production of Netrin-1, a neuronal guidance molecule. (aacrjournals.org)
Autophagy also regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis, highlighting its role in maintaining cellular homeostasis [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)

Exon 27 was deleted in correctly targeted ES cells by transient expression of cre-recombinase. (jax.org)
We demonstrate that this biological circuit filters out high-frequency signals and counts those admitted, thereby enabling cells to modulate gene expression according to the dynamic pattern of the external stimuli. (jhmi.edu)
Hence the cells are able to count the number of repeated stimuli, they experience and modulate gene expression accordingly. (jhmi.edu)
Indeed, acidic conditions deacetylated histone H3K9 in a DR4 gene promoter and curtailed DR4 expression in MM cells. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
However, inhibition of HDAC as well as either Sp1 or PI3K was able to restore DR4 expression in MM cells suppressed in acidic conditions. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
Hypoxia induced pCREBSer133, but not pCREBSer121 expression in HER-2/neu-transformed cells. (uni-halle.de)
This was accompanied by an altered gene expression pattern, activity and metabolism of mitochondria leading to an increased respiratory rate, oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial membrane potential and consequently to an enhanced apoptosis and reduced cell viability. (uni-halle.de)
Activation of the VEGFA/VEGFR2 signaling and expression of blood vascular endothelial cell (BEC) markers, such as NRP1 and EphrinB2, further differentiate these precursor cells into BECs, which then form the hierarchical network of blood vessels 4 . (nature.com)
CD45RA is an isoform of the CD45 complex and has restricted expression between different subtypes of lymphoid cells. (thermofisher.com)
CD45 isoforms differ in their ability to translocate into the glycosphingolipid-enriched membrane domains and their expression depends on cell type and physiological state of the cell. (thermofisher.com)
In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of NFAT2 expression on cell fate of HepG2 cell and its potential mechanisms. (researchsquare.com)
The current study firstly suggested that NFAT2 suppressed the aggression and malignancy of HepG2 cells through inducing the expression of Egr2. (researchsquare.com)
Transient expression of CgNLP1 in the leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana induced ethylene production in plants. (biorxiv.org)
As expected, IKK-β expression was associated with reduced FOXO3 nuclear localization, while expression of its dominant negative mutant (IKK-β-KA) had no effect (Fig. 1B). (caspasepathway.com)
A highly localized Nph3 expression pattern was observed with the most characteristic area of expression being the deep layers of the neocortex, where a band of expressing cells persisted throughout ontogeny and adulthood. (uni-goettingen.de)
In addition, expression of Nph3 was observed in a number of transient cell populations in the marginal zone of the developing neocortex, the dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation and the granule cell layer of lobules 9 and 10 of the cerebellum, where low expression levels were also observed in adulthood. (uni-goettingen.de)
In contrast, the 'facultative' heterochromatin corresponds to the deposition of H3K27me3 on gene-rich regions, whose silencing is transient and dynamic across developmental processes, allowing cell type-specific differentiation and rapid adaptation of gene expression [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
TCR-β expression was significantly decreased in CD4 SP and CD8 SP cells (Fig. 4C). (cetp-signal.com)

Mdm2 also has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity toward p53, and promotes its exportation from the cell nucleus to the cytoplasm for degradation. (wikipedia.org)
This highly regulated process leads to a transient burst of transcription each time GtaC travels into the nucleus. (jhmi.edu)
Previously we have also identified the translocation of NF-κB into the nucleus from Brassinolide supplier cytoplasm during BTV infection of mammalian cells and we had postulated based on the finding with reovirus [13] that NF-κB activation Brassinolide supplier by BTV infection was involved in induction of cellular apoptosis [11]. (biosemiotics2013.org)
The nuclear localization sequence (nls) of His4 was introduced into the N-terminal of Streptococcus pyogenes (SpCas9) to target the nucleus of the endonuclease SpCas9. (biomedcentral.com)
The signals of EYFP and DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) were co-localized in the nucleus of sporozoites (Figure 1 A). These results demonstrated that the nls of His4 efficiently localized SpCas9 to the nucleus. (biomedcentral.com)
The EYFP signal was located in the nucleus of the sporozoites, both after in vitro culture and in vivo propagation (sporozoites released from the sporulated oocyst was stained with DAPI and polyclonal antibodies against SAG13 as index of parasites nucleus and periphery). (biomedcentral.com)
The periphery of the mammalian nucleus is delineated by the nuclear envelope and by subjacent domains of compact and repressed heterochromatin separated by more open and active regions in the vicinity of nuclear pores. (frontiersin.org)
E , Left) Computational 3D model of the genome in a diploid human fibroblast nucleus taking into account genome-wide chromosomal interactions and interactions between chromatin and the nuclear periphery. (frontiersin.org)
For example, mis-localization of the cell's largest organelle, the nucleus, has been observed in neuromuscular diseases, such as Emery-Dreyfuss muscular dystrophy ( Luxton and Starr, 2014 ). (elifesciences.org)
It only re-enters the nucleus transiently at the 8-cell stage, shortly thereafter to be re-excluded. (biomedcentral.com)
Hence for cell survival, maintenance of genomic integrity and longevity presence of intact PARP-1 in the nucleus is paramount. (molcells.org)

The partnership between NOTCH signaling and individual hepatocarcinogenesis is controversial still. (academicediting.org)
NOTCH1, NOTCH2, NOTCH3 and NOTCH4 are transmembrane receptors that transduce juxtacrine signals of the delta‑like canonical Notch ligand (DLL)1, DLL3, DLL4, jagged canonical Notch ligand (JAG)1 and JAG2. (spandidos-publications.com)
Notch signaling is aberrantly activated in breast cancer, non‑small‑cell lung cancer and hematological malignancies, such as T‑cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and diffuse large B‑cell lymphoma. (spandidos-publications.com)
However, Notch signaling is inactivated in small‑cell lung cancer and squamous cell carcinomas. (spandidos-publications.com)
Notch signaling cascades crosstalk with fibroblast growth factor and WNT signaling cascades in the tumor microenvironment to maintain cancer stem cells and remodel the tumor microenvironment. (spandidos-publications.com)
The Notch signaling network exerts oncogenic and tumor‑suppressive effects in a cancer stage‑ or (sub)type‑dependent manner. (spandidos-publications.com)
Notch signaling dysregulation is involved in a variety of pathologies, including cancer and non-cancerous diseases. (spandidos-publications.com)

BTV induces apoptosis both in cultured cells and in target tissues in vivo Brassinolide supplier and one current hypothesis is that apoptosis plays a major role in the pathogenesis of BTV infection [10-12]. (biosemiotics2013.org)
Decreased levels of FOXO3 were also observed in nuclear fraction of the IKK-ε- but not IKK-ε-KA-expressing Palbociclib price cells, suggesting that similarly to IKK-β, IKK-ε induces nuclear exclusion. (caspasepathway.com)

In many cases this activation is transient, but the mechanisms stopping sustained stimulation remain unexplored 7 . (nature.com)
however, mechanisms through which these bioactive compounds act on epithelial cells have not been identified. (biorxiv.org)
Therefore, a better understanding of the signaling mechanisms in CSC will aid in the development of new therapeutic strategies for CRC. (biomedcentral.com)

Loss of p14ARF by a homozygous mutation in the CDKN2A (INK4A) gene will lead to elevated levels in mdm2 and, therefore, loss of p53 function and cell cycle control. (wikipedia.org)
These results collectively demonstrate that acid activates the TRPV1-PI3K-Akt-Sp1 signaling in MM cells while inducing HDAC-mediated gene repression, and suggest that a positive feedback loop between acid sensing and the PI3K-Akt signaling is formed in MM cells, leading to MM cell response to acidic bone lesions. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
Wnt signaling regulates β-catenin-mediated gene transcription and planar cell polarity (PCP). (silverchair.com)
Transient mismatch repair gene transfection for functional analysis of genetic hMLH1 and hMSH2 variants. (xenbase.org)
A complete of 5×104 cells had been inoculated into each well of the 6-well tissues lifestyle plates and transfected with 5 as well as the puromycin-resistance gene had been utilized (OriGene). (academicediting.org)
The team (which includes some of the authors involved in the 2018 study) found, as expected, that removing the gene for ANC-1 led to nuclear clustering in hyp-7 cells, indicating that nuclear anchorage had been lost ( Figure 1 ). (elifesciences.org)

These interactions allow p14ARF to act as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting ribosome biogenesis or initiating p53-dependent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
By antagonizing Mdm2, ARF permits the transcriptional activity of p53 that would lead to cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
Virus infected cells that undergo apoptosis show highly characteristic morphological changes including shrinkage blebbing of the plasma membrane chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation. (biosemiotics2013.org)
The NFAT2 overexpression suppressed the cell viability, invasion and migration capabilities, and promoted apoptosis of HepG2 cells. (researchsquare.com)
RNAi-mediated attenuation of Tnfrsf1b decreased TNF-α-induced netrin-1 production and augmented epithelial cell apoptosis in culture. (aacrjournals.org)

A loss of ARF or p53, therefore, would give cells a survival advantage. (wikipedia.org)
The ability of living cells for adaptation to changes in the environment is crucial for survival. (microbialcell.com)

These effects were blocked by anti-TNF-α antibody or by pretreatment with an inhibitor of NF-κB signaling. (aacrjournals.org)

1996. Appearance of micronuclei in generation of hela cells irradiated at low doses. (cdc.gov)

Variation of Human Neural Stem Cells Generating Organizer States In Vitro before Committing to Cortical Excitatory or Inhibitory Neuronal Fates [2] "Better understanding of the progression of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the developing cerebral cortex is important for modeling neurogenesis and defining the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders. (edu.au)
Here, we use RNA sequencing, cell imaging, and lineage tracing of mouse and human in vitro NSCs and monkey brain sections to model the generation of cortical neuronal fates. (edu.au)

It is generally accepted that H3K27me3-enriched heterochromatin maintains transcriptional repression established during early development and regulates cell fate. (biomedcentral.com)

Of note, DAPK can activate PKD in HeLa cells under oxidative stress conditions 11 , thus suggesting that PKD activation may contribute to cellular death. (nature.com)
(B) Western blot of total cellular lysates from DLD-1 BRCA2 −/− cells stably transfected with full-length BRCA2 cDNA constructs: BRCA2 Wild Type (WT) and BRCA2 R3052W (1 and 2 correspond to two independent clones). (frontiersin.org)
(F) Western blot of total cellular lysates from DLD-1 parental cells (these cells express a wild-type allele of BRCA2) stably transfected with R3052W (3 and 5 correspond to two independent clones) full-length 2XMBP-BRCA2 cDNA constructs. (frontiersin.org)
Beyond the single cell, we also strive to map cellular ensembles, such as brain tissue. (stanford.edu)
We develop tools that can be used to construct cell and tissue atlases, and map the cellular circuits that give rise to function and behavior. (stanford.edu)
To achieve these goals, our laboratory has focused on the development of scalable technologies to detect, measure, and manipulate molecules and circuits, both at the sub-cellular level, and at the level of cell populations. (stanford.edu)
Together, our work demonstrates ILK as necessary for normal oligodendrocyte development, reinforces its role as a bridge between the actin cytoskeleton and cell membrane, and highlights the overarching compensatory capacity of oligodendrocytes in response to cellular milieu. (jneurosci.org)
In light of these findings, precisely how β1 integrin transduces ECM cues via signaling intermediates, and the mechanism by which this translates to cellular responses, need to be addressed. (jneurosci.org)
and mediates signaling between the ECM and the cellular interior. (jneurosci.org)

Treatment of HER-2/neu+ cells with signal transduction inhibitors targeting in particular HER-2/ neu was able to revert hypoxia-controlled CREB activation. (uni-halle.de)

Daily topical treatment with CWO induced dramatic regression of pre-malignant skin tumors and a two-fold reduction in cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas. (biorxiv.org)

We show that Lrp6 opposes Wnt11 activity and localizes to the posterior edge of migrating DMZ cells and that Lrp6 downregulation enhances cortical and nuclear localization of Dsh and phospho-JNK, respectively. (silverchair.com)

Tuning transcription to the number rather than the level of the external stimuli allows large populations of Dictyostelium cells over an expanded territory to be developmentally synchronized. (jhmi.edu)
According to unitarian theory, proposed in 70s, all four cell lineages within the gastrointestinal epithelium are clonal populations derived from a slowly cycling clonogenic stem cells (SC) [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
(A) Lamina-associated domains (LADs), at the nuclear envelope, schematized from analyses of cell populations using genome-wide approaches such as DamID- or ChIP-sequencing. (frontiersin.org)
(B) Analysis of single cells however (e.g., by FISH) indicates that not all LADs mapped in cell populations are found at the nuclear periphery in all cells. (frontiersin.org)

The blood and lymphatic vascular systems are essential for the efficient transport of oxygen, nutrients, signaling molecules, and leukocytes to and from peripheral tissues, the removal of waste products, and the preservation of fluid homeostasis. (nature.com)
Maps also chart the connectivity between these molecules, elucidating the circuits and signaling processes that give rise to function. (stanford.edu)
Our study illustrates the trafficking role of PARP-1 independently of its enzymatic activity and highlights the possibility that full-length PARP-1 may play a key role in the nuclear transport of its siblings and other molecules. (molcells.org)
PARP-1 (EC 2.4.2.30) is a nuclear enzyme found in all eukaryotes except yeast with approximately 10 6 molecules per cell. (molcells.org)

Papillomaviruses infect epithelial cells of cutaneous or mucosal origin in a variety of vertebrate hosts. (biomedcentral.com)
TNF-α-mediated bystander assays used a murine coculture system of primary colonic epithelial cells and E. faecalis -infected macrophages ( in vitro ), with an interleukin 10 (IL-10)-deficient mouse model of colon cancer that involves long-term colonization with E. faecalis ( in vivo ). (aacrjournals.org)

The polybasic nuclear localization sequence (NLS) on the lipins as well as the oligomerization of lipins mediates membrane association. (aocs.org)

Together, these studies identify T cell-mediated tumor regression as the mechanism through which a plant-derived essential oil diminishes established tumor burden. (biorxiv.org)
The present study demonstrated that shRNA-mediated silencing of CREB in HER-2/neu-transformed cells resulted in decreased tumor formation, which was associated with reduced angiogenesis, but increased necrotic and hypoxic areas in the tumor. (uni-halle.de)
These data suggest that the HER-2/neu-mediated CREB activation caused by a hypoxic tumor microenvironment contributes to the neoplastic phenotype of HER-2/neu+ cells at various levels. (uni-halle.de)

Cell lines and transfection Six individual HCC cell lines Huh7 Hep3B HepG2 HLE HLF and PLC/5 had been employed for analyses. (academicediting.org)

We determine a comprehensive map of lineage-specific lncRNAs in human dermal lymphatic and blood vascular endothelial cells (LECs and BECs), combining RNA-Seq and CAGE-Seq. (nature.com)

The BRCA2 R3052W mutation fails to complement chemotherapeutic sensitivity and homology-directed repair functions in BRCA2 knockout cells. (frontiersin.org)
Overexpression of R3052W in DLD1 parental BRCA2 wild-type cells confers sensitivity to MMC DNA damage. (frontiersin.org)

Eukaryotic cells can rapidly adjust their transcriptional profile in response to molecular needs. (biomedcentral.com)

When NOTCH2 signaling was stably downregulated in HLF cells an anaplastic HCC cell series the cells had been attenuated in prospect of invasiveness and migration aswell as tumorigenicity followed by histological maturation. (academicediting.org)
Generally inverse outcomes had been obtained for the differentiated HCC cell series Huh7 manipulated to overexpress turned on BLZ945 NOTCH2. (academicediting.org)
These findings suggested XPB the fact that NOTCH2 signaling might confer intense behavior and immature morphology in individual HCC cells. (academicediting.org)
Since NOTCH2 not NOTCH1 is essential for normal hepatic development in mice (6) more specific studies on human being NOTCH2 are needed to support the founded notion that malignancy cells mimic immature features of their fetal counterparts. (academicediting.org)
In the present study we wanted to investigate NOTCH2 signaling in human being HCCs using cells microarrays and cell lines. (academicediting.org)
Contradictory to the previous study (7) our data supported that NOTCH2 experienced important roles in terms of aggressiveness and morphologic transformation of HCC cells. (academicediting.org)

Together, their broad inhibitory role may help counter oncogenic signals. (wikipedia.org)

In cultured keratinocytes, CWO stimulated calcium signaling, resulting in calcineurin-dependent activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). (biorxiv.org)
Nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 (NFAT2, also known as NFATc and NFATc1) is an important member of NFAT family which plays a vital role in T cell activation and differentiation [4]. (researchsquare.com)

During development, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) differentiate into oligodendrocytes (OLs) that extend processes to contact multiple axons of CNS neurons. (jneurosci.org)
In some processes, chromatin modifications carry heritable regulatory information that is transmitted from mother to daughter cells, whereas in other cases, they are implicated in the execution of the information contained in the DNA sequence, or occur as a consequence of dynamic nuclear processes such as transcription. (plos.org)

A-type lamins also associate with chromatin in the nuclear interior, away from the peripheral nuclear lamina. (frontiersin.org)
The hot-spot lamin A R482W mutation causing familial partial lipodystrophy of Dunnigan-type (FPLD2), affects lamin A association with chromatin at the nuclear periphery and in the nuclear interior, and is associated with 3-dimensional (3D) rearrangements of chromatin. (frontiersin.org)
Association of A-type lamins with chromatin at the nuclear periphery and in the nuclear interior. (frontiersin.org)
(D) Nucleoplasmic lamin A interacts with chromatin in the nuclear interior. (frontiersin.org)
Our results indicate that Cac2 and Hir1 have distinct localization patterns during different stages of the Tetrahymena life cycle and suggest that Cac2 might be dispensable for chromatin assembly. (biomedcentral.com)

According to classic definitions, epigenetics refers to heritable differences between cells or organisms that occur without changes in DNA sequence, and do not depend on different external conditions [1] - [4] . (plos.org)

We hypothesize that a more rapid induction of pro-inflammatory cytokine responses in bursal cells following IBDV infection leads to more severe disease in line W birds than in line 15I. (imperial.ac.uk)

When Rb is phosphorylated by cyclin D and E-dependent kinases during the G1 phase of the cell cycle, Rb can not block E2F-dependent transcription, and the cell can progress to the DNA synthetic phase(S phase). (wikipedia.org)
Several of these kinases have known roles in regulating cell cycle progression. (biomedcentral.com)

Amino acids at these positions are known to alter viral polymerase activity in mammalian and avian cells at different temperatures ( 7 - 11 ). (cdc.gov)
We compared the viral polymerase activity of wild-type GD with that of A/Anhui/1/2013(H7N9) virus (AN) in human A549 cells at 33°C or 37°C (temperatures of the human upper and lower respiratory tract) and in chicken DF-1 cells at 39°C (body temperature of birds). (cdc.gov)
Although both viruses exhibited comparable activity in DF-1 cells, AN activity was higher than GD activity in A549 cells at both temperatures because wild-type AN/PB2 acquired polymerase activity-enhancing K at position 627 of PB2 during replication in the infected human ( 8 ). (cdc.gov)
In human A549 cells, wild-type GD showed viral polymerase activity comparable to that of AN/PB2-627E-701N Technical Appendix Figure 1, panel A). These results indicate that the viral polymerase activity of wild-type GD in mammalian cells has increased more than that of virus bearing avian-like ancestral AN/PB2-627E. (cdc.gov)
We found that the viral polymerase activity in A549 cells was remarkably decreased by AN/PB2-627E and moderately decreased by AN-PA ( Technical Appendix Figure 1, panel B). These results suggest that the PB2 and the PA of GD are involved in the relatively high polymerase activity of the GD replication complex. (cdc.gov)

Upon entry into a basal epithelial cell, the infecting genome is transiently amplified to approximately 50 to 200 copies, establishing a latent infection. (biomedcentral.com)

Functional proteomics and immunofluorescence analyses of H3.1 and H3.3 revealed a highly conserved role for Nrp1 and Asf1 histone chaperones in nuclear influx of histones. (biomedcentral.com)

Using single-cell RNA sequencing (RNAseq), we studied the development of ProSG, their SG descendants and testicular somatic cells during the perinatal period in mice. (biologists.com)

CD45 is absent on non-hematopoietic cell lines, normal and malignant, non-hematopoietic tissues. (thermofisher.com)
He predicted that cancers occur upon activation of dormant embryonic-like cancerous cells present in mature tissues but not spontaneously [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

This suggests that LADs constitute domains that dynamically anchor to, or detach from, the nuclear lamina. (frontiersin.org)
This suggests that the Oxymatrine resident hepatic CD4+ T cells (but not iNKT cells) are predominant mediators of early IRI following prolonged cold preservation and liver transplantation. (cetp-signal.com)

A simple p53 functional assay for screening cell lines, blood, and tumors. (xenbase.org)
To map the minimal functional nuclear localization (NLS) and nuclear export (NES) signals, we fused in-frame putative NLS and NES motifs between GFP and the SAR domain. (biomedcentral.com)
The goal of our laboratory is to develop, scale up, and broadly disseminate molecular technologies for mapping cells and functional circuits. (stanford.edu)

In the model organism we study, the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum , starvation-triggered cell-cell aggregation and developmental morphogenesis are orchestrated by periodic extracellular cAMP waves, which provide both gradients for chemotactic migration and signals for development. (jhmi.edu)
Furthermore, NFAT2 participates in the early growth response factor 2 (Egr2)-regulated anergic phenotype which impairs the migration and invasion of leukaemia cells [16]. (researchsquare.com)

Thereafter, a distinct subpopulation of endothelial cells lining the cardinal vein starts differentiating by expressing the TF PROX1, the master regulator of lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) identity, via the TFs SOX18 and COUPTFII. (nature.com)

Taken together, these data suggest that Lrp6 inhibits Wnt/PCP signaling. (silverchair.com)

To examine if this association was inducible upon TLR4 stimulation, 293-TLR4 cells, which stably express TLR4/MD2-CD14 receptors, were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). (caspasepathway.com)

This exon encodes the C-terminal domain, which interacts with Rad51, contains a nuclear localization signal, and is required for maintenence of genomic stability in the event of DNA damage. (jax.org)
The primary function of a cell is to preserve genomic stability when faced with challenges that cause DNA damage. (molcells.org)

The nuclear envelope consists of an outer and inner membrane, nuclear pores and the nuclear lamina, a polymer of A-type lamins (lamin A/C, abbreviated here as lamin A) and B-type lamins (lamins B1 and B2) ( Burke and Stewart, 2013 ). (frontiersin.org)

In addition to changes in the phosphorylation, hypoxic response of HER-2/neu+ cells caused a transient ubiquitination and SUMOylation as well as a co-localization of nuclear CREB to the mitochondrial matrix. (uni-halle.de)
In addition, a slow migrating band (indicated by an arrow) detected in cells expressing IKK-ε (Fig. 1B), consistent with direct or indirect IKK-ε-mediated posttranslational modifications of FOXO3, for example Erlotinib research buy phosphorylation. (caspasepathway.com)

Extracellular pH is a key parameter that influences many aspects of the biology of cells. (microbialcell.com)

At the crypt base, in the vicinity of basal lamina, stem cells are surrounded by mesenchymal cells that are of myofibroblast lineage. (biomedcentral.com)
At the nuclear periphery, the genome is anchored to A- and B-type nuclear lamins in the form of heterochromatic lamina-associated domains. (frontiersin.org)

Three main epithelial cell lineages comprise a crypt: the columnar cells or colonocytes, the mucin-secreting cells or goblet cells, and the enteroendocrine cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The upper one-third of the colonic crypt consists of differentiated cells (colonocytes, goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells) and lower two-third is predominantly composed of transit-amplifying cells (TA cells). (biomedcentral.com)

An infection is established in the basal layer of the epithelium, and a complex viral life cycle is carried out, dependent on the differentiation state of the host cell [ 1 - 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Myeloma (MM) cells and osteoclasts are mutually interacted to enhance MM growth while creating acidic bone lesions. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
Here, we explored acid sensing of MM cells and its role in MM cell response to acidic conditions. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)

Growing evidence supports the contention that epithelial cancers including colorectal cancer, the incidence of which increases with aging, are diseases driven by the pluripotent, self-renewing cancer stem cells (CSCs). (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy30

Organisms24

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs102

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment32

Phenomena and Processes68

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Pathways9

Receptor12

Genes15

Protein24

Cytoplasmic2

Transcription factor3

Antigen3

Subcellular localization1

Proteins10

Rapid and transient2

Sequences3

Pathway3

Regulate3

Proliferation6

Expression18

Nucleus11

NOTCH7

Induces2

Mechanisms3

Gene6

Apoptosis5

Survival2

Inhibitor1

19961

Neuronal2

Regulates1

Cellular9

Transduction1

Squamous cell carcinomas1

Cortical1

Populations4

Molecules4

Epithelial cells2

Mediates1

Tumor3

Transfection1

Vascular1

Brca22

Transcriptional1

NOTCH26

Oncogenic1

Factor of activated T cells2

Processes2

Chromatin5

Sequence1

Cytokine1

Kinases2

Polymerase5

Basal epithelial1

Analyses1

Somatic1

Tissues2

Suggests2

Functional3

Migration2

Distinct1

Inhibits1

Stimulation1

Genomic stability2

Membrane1

Phosphorylation2

Biology1

Lamina2

Enteroendocrine cells2

Differentiation1

Acidic2

Cancers1