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Transforming Growth Factor betaTransforming Growth Factor beta1Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor betaTransforming Growth FactorsTransforming Growth Factor beta2Transforming Growth Factor beta3Epidermal Growth FactorReceptor, Epidermal Growth FactorVascular Endothelial Growth Factor AFibroblast Growth Factor 2Signal TransductionCells, CulturedPlatelet-Derived Growth FactorRNA, MessengerSmad2 ProteinGrowth SubstancesCell DivisionFibroblast Growth FactorsInsulin-Like Growth Factor IHepatocyte Growth FactorTransforming Growth Factor alphaEndothelial Growth FactorsCell LineActivin Receptors, Type INerve Growth FactorsReceptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor betaVascular Endothelial Growth FactorsFibroblastsReceptors, Growth FactorNerve Growth FactorTumor Cells, CulturedInterleukin-1betaGene Expression RegulationSmad3 ProteinReceptors, Platelet-Derived Growth FactorPhosphorylationSmad ProteinsMolecular Sequence DataMinkCell DifferentiationGene ExpressionProtein-Serine-Threonine KinasesReceptors, Fibroblast Growth FactorImmunohistochemistryInsulin-Like Growth Factor IISmad7 ProteinBase SequenceRecombinant ProteinsTransfectionConnective Tissue Growth FactorIntercellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionBlotting, WesternFibroblast Growth Factor 1LymphokinesCell ProliferationDNA-Binding ProteinsTrans-ActivatorsBlotting, NorthernEpithelial CellsTranscription, GeneticSmad4 ProteinCollagenbeta 2-MicroglobulinCell MovementFibroblast Growth Factor 7ActivinsCell Line, TumorDose-Response Relationship, DrugDown-RegulationTime FactorsBone Morphogenetic ProteinsUp-RegulationReceptors, Cell SurfaceReceptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth FactorMice, Inbred C57BLExtracellular MatrixFibrosisCytokinesVascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2ApoptosisIntegrin beta3Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2KineticsPromoter Regions, GeneticAmino Acid SequenceWound HealingReceptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1FibronectinsDNAProto-Oncogene ProteinsInterleukin-1Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1Collagen Type IProto-Oncogene Proteins c-sisEnzyme ActivationMutationTranscription FactorsCattleNeovascularization, Pathologic
Skeletal muscle strain injurySuperfamilyReceptorTGFB1InducesReceptorsTGFb3Fibroblast growthPathwayInhibitsProteinInterleukinExtracellular matrixGeneInhibitionTGFBR1EpidermalVascularCytokineDifferentiationStimulatorySecretionGenesELISAPromoterMediateDirect bidirectionalMetabolismPirfenidoneFetalPrecursorTumor growthStimulationProliferationWoundIsoformsVitroSerum-free mediumProcessesAntibodyProgressEndogenousProteins involvedRegulatorLatentCollagenComplexCellsMRNAFibronectinEndothelialTranscription factorExpressionBoneAntibodiesRole
Skeletal muscle strain injury1
  • Transforming growth factor-beta in skeletal muscle strain injury. (cdc.gov)
Superfamily4
Receptor12
  • Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the transforming growth factor beta receptor. (yeastrc.org)
  • Using a monospecific antibody raised to the human placental fibronectin receptor complex, we found that TGF-.beta.1 stimulated fibronectin receptor synthesis up to 20-40-fold and increase mRNA levels encoding both the .alpha. (eurekamag.com)
  • Actinomycin D blocks TGF-.beta.1-mediated increases in receptor mRNA levels. (eurekamag.com)
  • These results demonstrate that TGF-.beta.1 stimulates fibronectin receptor synthesis, extending the diverse stimulatory activities of this polypeptide to matrix receptors. (eurekamag.com)
  • Comprehensive assessment of variation at the transforming growth factor beta type 1 receptor locus and colorectal cancer predisposition. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The role of transforming growth factor beta receptor type 1 (TGFBR1) polymorphisms, particularly a coding CGC insertion (rs11466445, TGFBR1*6A/9A) in exon 1, has been extensively investigated in regard to colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In contrast, the deletion of TGF-β receptor 2 abolished in vitro senescence response and greatly accelerated in vivo tumor growth. (bilkent.edu.tr)
  • However, the KEGG signalling pathways namely "tumour necrosis factor (TNF)" and "cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction" were downregulated at 24H but activated at 48H. (nature.com)
  • Lebrin F, Deckers M, Bertolino P, Ten Dijke P. TGF-beta receptor function in the endothelium. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A cardiomelic developmental field has also been postulated to relate the genetic heterogeneity of HOS (and other similar syndromes) to a cascade of molecules, including the brachyury, sonic hedgehog, bone morphogenetic protein, retinoic acid receptor, and transforming growth factor beta families. (medscape.com)
  • We performed a cost-minimization analysis to compare the cost of biomarker analysis for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 status with immunohistochemistry versus STRAT4. (bvsalud.org)
  • however, such operational efficiencies are unlikely, and more laboratories are pursuing human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 analysis as targeted therapies become increasingly available. (bvsalud.org)
TGFB12
Induces3
  • The authors previously reported that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) induces similar aberrant morphologic changes in lens epithelial explants. (arvojournals.org)
  • The aim of this study was to determine whether TGF-beta induces comparable cataractous changes in whole lenses and to examine the effects of this treatment on the transparency of the lens. (arvojournals.org)
  • CONCLUSIONS: These results show that TGF-beta induces whole lenses to form opacities that contain morphologic and biochemical markers for subcapsular cataract. (arvojournals.org)
Receptors6
  • Activated TGF-β complexes with other factors to form a serine/threonine kinase complex that binds to TGF-β receptors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because cells communicate with several extracellular matrix components via specific cell membrane receptors, we hypothesized that TGFs-.beta. (eurekamag.com)
  • Recent studies denoted that alterations in growth factors and growth factor receptors seem to influence the biologic behaviour of pancreatic cancer cells [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transforming growth factor-β [TGF-β] is such an example, being a growth stimulator in fibroblastic cells with TGF-β receptors, but a negative regulator in epithelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The protein encoded by this gene forms a heteromeric complex with type II TGF-beta receptors when bound to TGF-beta, transducing the TGF-beta signal from the cell surface to the cytoplasm. (nih.gov)
  • Furthermore, TGF-beta has direct bidirectional effects on cell surface expression of many cytokine receptors suggesting that it is part of the mechanism of action of TGF-beta. (ox.ac.uk)
TGFb31
  • Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Mouse Transforming Growth Factor Beta 3 (TGFb3) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates or other biological fluids. (elisareagents.com)
Fibroblast growth3
  • Recent studies implicate other factors [such as fibroblast growth factor (FGFs), hepatocyte growth factor, integrins], present in the lens and ocular environment, in the pathogenesis of ASC and PCO. (nih.gov)
  • Basic fibroblast growth factor-induced activation of latent transforming growth factor beta in endothelial cells: regulation of plasminogen activator activity. (rupress.org)
  • 1990. Pulmonary reaction to long and short asbestos fibers is independent of fibroblast growth factor production by alveolar macrophages. (cdc.gov)
Pathway5
  • To investigate the effect of losartan on vascular remodeling and transforming growth factor-beta and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to measure the thickness and diameter ratio of the aortic media of mice in each group, Masson staining was used to observe the content of collagen fibers in the aorta of mice in each group, elastic fibers in the aorta of mice in each group were stained, and transforming growth factor-beta and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway protein expression. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Losartan has protective effect on aortic wall of rats with aortic dissection, and the mechanism may be through inhibiting transforming growth factor-beta 1 pathway, which activates downstream phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway related proteins, and then inhibits the expansion and progression of aortic dissection. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Growth factors do not only stimulate cell proliferation, but they may also act as growth inhibitors, depending on the cell type and the stimulatory pathway that is involved. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, such approaches allow for predicting the Transforming Growth Factor b (TGF-b) pathway in quantities not yet measured. (lu.se)
Inhibits3
  • Purified TGF-beta causes a reproducible increase in NRK colony formation and inhibits incorporation of 3H-thymidine by mink lung cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In contrast, TGF beta inhibits IL-3/ and CSF-1/induced colony formation of Lin- progenitors. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Furthermore, MIP-1 alpha has no effect on high proliferative potential colony-forming cells 1 or 2 (HPP-CFC/1 or /2) colony formation in vitro, whereas TGF beta inhibits both HPP-CFC/1 and HPP-CFC/2. (ox.ac.uk)
Protein6
  • TGF-β is secreted by many cell types, including macrophages, in a latent form in which it is complexed with two other polypeptides, latent TGF-beta binding protein (LTBP) and latency-associated peptide (LAP). (wikipedia.org)
  • Bioassay of transforming growth factor-beta activity in acidic protein extracts from primary breast cancer specimens. (ox.ac.uk)
  • NFKB 105 subunit for example is a polypetide gene enhancer of genes in B cells.Induced protein genes, factors or kinases, increase the production of (an enzyme or other protein) at the level of genetic transcription. (tgf-a.com)
  • Distinct and overlapping direct effects of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha and transforming growth factor beta on hematopoietic progenitor/stem cell growth. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Both transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) and macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha) have been shown to be multifunctional regulators of hematopoiesis that can either inhibit or enhance the growth of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC). (ox.ac.uk)
  • Alongside this, hypoglycemia causes the suppression of factors that are protective against microvascular complications, including insulinlike growth factor, antioxidant enzymes, platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors, transforming growth factor beta, and activated protein C. (medscape.com)
Interleukin2
  • MIP-1 alpha enhances interleukin-3 (IL-3)/and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)/induced colony formation of normal bone marrow progenitor cells (BMC) and lineage-negative (Lin-) progenitors, but has no effect on G-CSF or CSF-1/induced colony formation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Interleukin (IL)-9-producing subset called Th9 cell, Th22 cells which primarily secrete IL-22, IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor- and Th25 cells via producing IL-25 are believed to be important for initiating allergic reactions and developing airway inflammation. (cdc.gov)
Extracellular matrix2
  • Immunohistochemical staining showed that two TGF-beta 1-induced extracellular matrix components, EDA + fibronectin and versican, were greatly increased in the untreated neointimal lesions, but were almost completely absent from the lesions of the anti-TGF-beta 1-treated animals. (jci.org)
  • It can influence cancer growth in various ways, such as by stimulating angiogenesis, suppressing cancer-directed immune functions, increasing the expression of adhesion molecules and extracellular matrix components [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene6
  • Tamizifar B, Lankarani K, Naeimi S, Zadeh MR, Taghavi A, Ghaderi A. Promoter polymorphism of transforming growth factor-β1 gene and ulcerative colitis. (wjgnet.com)
  • Relative gene expression was normalized to mean housekeeping-gene expression and cells without growth-factor stimulation and plotted on a log scale. (biomedcentral.com)
  • (C) Aggrecan-to-type II collagen gene-expression ratio in BM and AD-MSCs after culture in type I collagen hydrogels for 14 days with either no growth factor, TGF-β, GDF5, or GDF6. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The treatment of cells with the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine, or silencing of the NOX4 gene, rescued p21Cip1 and p15Ink4b accumulation as well as the growth arrest in response to TGF-β. (bilkent.edu.tr)
  • Conclusions: TGF-β1 gene transcription significantly correlates with the surgical vaginal and dermal wound closure rate, implying that this factor is involved in the process of wound repair in both tissues. (uthscsa.edu)
  • The responsible gene has been mapped to band 12q24.1, which encodes the human transcription factor TBX5. (medscape.com)
Inhibition4
  • an increase in expression of TGF-β often correlates with the malignancy of many cancers and a defect in the cellular growth inhibition response to TGF-β. (wikipedia.org)
  • He tested the hypothesis that the retinoid induced growth inhibition of HPV is mediated by the Growth Factor Beta. (aicr.org)
  • The major biological effect of TGF-beta on hematopoietic cell growth is the reversible inhibition of entry into the cell cycle. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We investigated whether inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl 4-hydroxylase-2 (HIF-P4H-2), a key cellular oxygen sensor whose inhibition stabilizes HIF, would protect from NAFLD by subjecting HIF-P4H-2-deficient ( Hif-p4h-2 gt/gt ) mice to a high-fat, high-fructose (HFHF) or high-fat, methionine-choline-deficient (HF-MCD) diet. (springer.com)
TGFBR11
  • We conclude that neither genetic variation nor ASE at TGFBR1 is likely to be a major CRC risk factor. (ox.ac.uk)
Epidermal1
Vascular2
  • Overview of Vascular Bleeding Disorders Bleeding may result from abnormalities in Platelets Coagulation factors Blood vessels Vascular bleeding disorders result from defects in blood vessels, typically causing cutaneous or mucosal. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The statement therefore points out that future treatments to prevent or delay diabetic microvascular complications "must" reverse hyperglycemia, inhibit the major mechanisms of vascular dysfunction, neutralize accelerants such as inflammation and oxidative stress, and activate protective factors. (medscape.com)
Cytokine2
  • This contrasts with findings from other body compartments that suggested that TGF-beta is a powerful chemotactic cytokine and increases microbial clearance. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Separation of the Lin- cells into Thy-1 and Thy-1lo subsets showed that the growth of Thy-1lo Lin- cells is directly inhibited by MIP-1 alpha and TGF beta regardless of the cytokine used to stimulate growth (IL-3), GM-CSF, or CSF-1). (ox.ac.uk)
Differentiation5
  • Fibroblast growth factors, in concert with other growth factors, are key regulators of lens fiber cell differentiation. (nih.gov)
  • Here we will review the evidence, taken from in vitro studies on bioactivity and histochemical localization of RNAs and encoded proteins in vivo, that TGF beta 1, beta 2 and beta 3 are involved in several mammalian developmental processes, including control of growth, differentiation, tissue inductions and morphogenesis. (lancs.ac.uk)
  • It has been reported that TGF-β influence different cell functions, including growth, proliferation and differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Freeze thaw will destroy a percentage in every cycle and should be avoided.Antibody for research use.Aplha, transcription related growth factors and stimulating factors or repressing nuclear factors are complex subunits of proteins involved in cell differentiation. (tgf-a.com)
  • It is now apparent that the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family of proteins has potent hematopoietic regulatory properties ranging from effects on the growth and differentiation of primitive stem cells to the differentiated functions of mature cells. (ox.ac.uk)
Stimulatory1
  • Although most reports have described the inhibitory activities of TGF-beta on hematopoiesis, recent evidence supports the concept that TGF-beta can have both inhibitory and stimulatory actions on these systems. (ox.ac.uk)
Secretion2
  • They each have an N-terminal signal peptide of 20-30 amino acids that they require for secretion from a cell, a pro-region called latency-associated peptide (LAP - Alias: Pro-TGF beta 1, LAP/TGF beta 1), and a 112-114 amino acid C-terminal region that becomes the mature TGF-β molecule following its release from the pro-region by proteolytic cleavage. (wikipedia.org)
  • Northern blot analysis and quantitation of acid activatable latent TGF-beta in conditioned medium demonstrated that bFGF exposure did not increase the amount of transcription or secretion of latent TGF-beta by the endothelial cells. (rupress.org)
Genes1
  • Polymorphisms in transforming growth factor-beta-related genes ALK1 and ENG are associated with sporadic brain arteriovenous malformations. (medlineplus.gov)
ELISA1
Promoter1
  • These results indicate that sanicle may be used in the care of wounds, but not as a growth promoter, but because it acts as an antibiotic agent, and possibly because it aids wound debridement. (brad.ac.uk)
Mediate1
  • Over the last decade, many of the growth factors and signaling proteins that mediate the early stages of folliculogenesis have been identified using mouse genetic models, in vivo injection studies, and ex vivo organ culture approaches. (woodrufflab.org)
Direct bidirectional1
  • Thus, MIP-1 alpha and TGF beta are direct bidirectional regulators of HPC growth, whose effects are dependent on other growth factors present as well as the maturational state of the HPC assayed. (ox.ac.uk)
Metabolism1
  • The 68-page scientific statement, which was published online November 8 in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism , sets out the potential targets for novel therapies, which include not only reducing hyperglycemia but also activating protective factors found in normal tissue. (medscape.com)
Pirfenidone1
Fetal1
  • Based upon the 48-72 h period required for a maximal fibroproliferative response to dermal injection of TGF-.beta.1, we exposed human fetal lung fibroblasts (IMR-90) to TGF-.beta.1 for periods up to 48 h in vitro. (eurekamag.com)
Precursor2
Tumor growth1
  • Our findings suggest that in pancreatic carcinoma, TGF-β1 expression is related to tumor growth and metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
Stimulation2
  • Activation of TGF-beta by endothelial cells exposed to bFGF appears to limit both the degree and duration of PA stimulation. (rupress.org)
  • Analysis of BM and AD-MSC response to growth-factor stimulation in pellet culture. (biomedcentral.com)
Proliferation2
  • Role of TGF-Beta Signaling in Beta Cell Proliferation and Function in Diabetes. (nih.gov)
  • Complex subunit associated factors are involved in hybridoma growth, Eosinohils, eritroid proliferation and derived from promotor binding stimulating subunits on the DNA binding complex. (tgf-a.com)
Wound3
Isoforms2
  • The TGF beta s per se are at least five in number, though only three isoforms have been identified in mammals. (lancs.ac.uk)
  • The identification of TGF-beta 2 isoform in Pisces and it's high degree of homology with the mammalian isoform suggests that among all TGF-beta isoforms, TGF-beta 2 is the most conserved during evolution. (iisc.ac.in)
Vitro1
  • Importantly, the effect of in vivo administration of TGF-beta has mimicked the in vitro effects. (ox.ac.uk)
Serum-free medium1
  • METHODS: Whole lenses from 21-day-old rats were cultured in defined serum-free medium with TGF-beta 2 or without added growth factors for 5 days. (arvojournals.org)
Processes1
  • These processes establish the ovarian follicle pool and prime follicles for entry into subsequent growth phases during the reproductive cycle. (woodrufflab.org)
Antibody2
  • Antibody to TGF-beta neutralized the inhibitory activity of this conditioned medium, indicating that the medium contained active TGF-beta. (rupress.org)
  • Antibody-mediated pure crimson cell aplasia (PRCA) on switching from darbepoetin alfa to epoetin beta: what are the implications? (tgf-b1.com)
Progress1
  • 40 Years of Progress: Transforming Cancer. (aicr.org)
Endogenous1
  • The data show that endogenous TGF-beta suppresses host defense against bacterial infection in the CNS. (uni-muenchen.de)
Proteins involved1
  • It forms a complex with growth factors and other proteins involved in the development of blood vessels. (medlineplus.gov)
Regulator1
  • Transforming growth factor-beta: a bidirectional regulator of hematopoietic cell growth. (ox.ac.uk)
Latent1
  • These results demonstrated that plasmin generated by uPA activity is required for the activation of latent TGF-beta in endothelial cell cultures treated with bFGF. (rupress.org)
Collagen1
  • In contrast, lenses cultured without growth factors remained transparent, retained normal lens morphology, and did not accumulate alpha-smooth muscle actin or type I collagen. (arvojournals.org)
Complex1
  • METHODS--TGF-beta was detected immunohistochemically using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique in resected pulmonary adenocarcinomas from 88 patients. (bmj.com)
Cells3
  • Autocrine transforming growth factor-{beta}1 activation mediated by integrin {alpha}V{beta}3 regulates transcriptional expression of laminin-332 in Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cells. (uchicago.edu)
  • The effect of FK506 on transforming growth factor beta signaling and apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells. (unina.it)
  • In contrast, two other stem cell populations (0% to 15% Höechst 33342/Rhodamine 123 [Hö/Rh123] and Lin-Sca-1+ cells) were markedly inhibited by TGF beta and unaffected by MIP-1 alpha. (ox.ac.uk)
MRNA1
  • Examination of the role of TGF-beta 1 in a rat carotid artery injury model confirmed the presence of a previously reported increase in TGF-beta 1 mRNA in the media of injured arteries. (jci.org)
Fibronectin1
  • We confirmed that TGF-.beta.1 increases the expression of fibronectin, an adhesive glycoprotein expression during embryogenesis and tissue remodeling. (eurekamag.com)
Endothelial2
  • Thus, in bFGF-stimulated endothelial cell cultures, PA levels are controlled by a negative feedback loop: PA, whose expression is stimulated by bFGF, contributes to the formation of TGF-beta, which in turn opposes the effects of bFGF by limiting PA synthesis and activity. (rupress.org)
  • Endothelial dysfunction is a critical initiating factor contributing to cardiovascular diseases, involving the gut microbiome-derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). (nature.com)
Transcription factor1
  • Solitary cell transcript validation and analyses research implicate the transcription factor PU.1 in neutrophil to nAPC transformation. (thekingsfoundation.org)
Expression1
Bone1
  • Ultimately, well designed clinical trials will determine whether the exciting potential of TGF-beta can be used to treat or prevent myelotoxicity and other bone marrow dysfunctions. (ox.ac.uk)
Antibodies2
  • Antibodies against transforming growth factor-beta 1 suppress intimal hyperplasia in a rat model. (jci.org)
  • Administration of neutralizing anti- TGF-beta 1 antibodies significantly (P (jci.org)
Role1
  • These studies suggest a role for TGF-beta in reversing the invasive stage of angiogenesis and contributing to the formation of quiescent capillaries. (rupress.org)