• Transfer genes or tra genes (also transfer operons or tra operons), are some genes necessary for non-sexual transfer of genetic material in both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • The tra locus includes the pilin gene and regulatory genes, which together form pili on the cell surface, polymeric proteins that can attach themselves to the surface of F-bacteria and initiate the conjugation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some genes are only found in a few species or a single genus of bacteria while others (such as traL) are found in very similar forms in many bacterial species. (wikipedia.org)
  • Antibiotic resistance genes spreading to pathogenic bacteria. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Disease-associated genes spreading and recombining to create new viruses and bacteria that cause diseases. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Similarly, I was not surprised by the research results released earlier this year by the Food Standards Agency [12], indicating that transgenic DNA from GM soya flour, eaten in a single hamburger and milk shake meal, was found transferred to the bacteria in the gut contents from the colostomy bags of human volunteers. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • The comments, "it is extremely unlikely that genes from genetically modified (GM) food can end up in bacteria in the gut of people who eat them", and "the findings had been assessed by several Government experts who had ruled that humans were not at risk", are seriously misleading. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • The bla gene originates from the cloning vector PUC18 and is not expressed in maize, but has bacterial regulatory sequences that would allow it to become functional were it to be transferred back into bacteria. (gmwatch.org)
  • The researchers investigated the survival of DNA from transgenic maize and the transfer of the antibiotic resistance bla gene to bacteria in the presence of saliva, rumen fluid and silage effluent, which are relevant to horizontal gene transfer in the oral cavity, the rumen, and in silage. (gmwatch.org)
  • The nptII gene in transgenic potato plants coding for kanamycin resistance, transforms naturally competent cells of the soil bacteria Pseudomonas stutzeri and Acinetobacter BD413 (both harboring a plasmid with an nptII gene containing a small deletion (hence nonfunctional) with the same high efficiency as nptII genes on plasmid DNA ( 3x10-5 -1x10-4) despite the presence of a more than 106 fold excess of plant DNA. (gmwatch.org)
  • 2017) claim that the green alga, Chlamydomonas eustigma , recently adapted to an acidic environment by taking up genes from bacteria or other eukaryotes. (blogspot.com)
  • We recently posted an update on horizontal gene transfer (HGT) to highlight the existence of strategies used by bacteria to exchange DNA - in addition to those traditionally acknowledged, that is transformation, transduction and conjugation. (asmblog.org)
  • Increasingly, studies of genes and genomes are indicating that considerable horizontal gene transfer has occurred between bacteria. (mpkb.org)
  • There is strong genomic evidence that bacteria often acquire evolutionary novelties from outside their ancestral population by horizontal gene transfer. (mpkb.org)
  • They found that the intestinal bacteria genes were more than 90% homologous to the corresponding sequence in HIV - suggesting that the bacteria and the HIV virus had traded a significant amount of genetic material. (mpkb.org)
  • The mobile nature of… gene islands, transported between bacteria via plasmids or phages, creates the potential for acquired virulence in previously innocuous microbes," states researcher Dave Relman of Stanford University. (mpkb.org)
  • One plasmid codes for genes that allow the pathogens to create toxins, the other codes for proteins that help it evade the immune system by living inside the white blood cells that kill and digest bacteria. (mpkb.org)
  • Use these social-bookmarking links to share Bacteria recycle genes from DNA scrapheap . (abc.net.au)
  • The genes that code for Shiga toxins are generally carried by bacteriophages, which are viruses that can infect bacteria. (cdc.gov)
  • These bacteriophages can transfer the Shiga toxin genes back and forth between different types of bacteria, such as between Shigella and E. coli . (cdc.gov)
  • Martin argues here and elsewhere that nearly all claims of lateral gene transfer (LGT) into eukaryotic genomes are untrue, and that accompanying narratives are fundamentally 'Lamarckian. (blogspot.com)
  • The genes involved in producing GTAs resemble those of prophages, which sometimes confounds their identification in sequenced genomes. (asmblog.org)
  • The genes for these elements are conserved across organisms and have been retained in somemicrobial genomes for millions of years, meaning that they must be relevant to the host cell. (asmblog.org)
  • Horizontal gene transfer Any process in which a bacterium inserts genetic material into the genomes of other pathogens or into the genome of its host. (mpkb.org)
  • This form of natural genetic transfer involves the cells taking up free (donor) DNA from the environment and integrating it into their own genomes, the research team says in the paper. (abc.net.au)
  • The blast clade genomes contain more secretome and avirulence effector genes, which likely play key roles in the interaction between Pyricularia species and their plant hosts. (nature.com)
  • Comparisons of these four genomes indicated that horizontal gene transfer events that included small numbers of genes occurred at frequencies in the range of 10-3 to 10-4 insertions per generation. (pacb.com)
  • An HIV vector containing a gene encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP) was injected into the subretinal space of rat eyes. (nih.gov)
  • Scientists at the Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, have developed a method for producing large amounts of viral vector cassettes to shuttle genes into host cells. (genengnews.com)
  • Their findings are described in a paper titled, "A versatile AAV producer cell line method for scalable vector production of different serotypes," which is available online ahead of publication in Human Gene Therapy . (genengnews.com)
  • In addition, a formerly two-stage transfection and selection step has been reduced to one step while still producing cell lines containing the circular, AAV vector-containing plasmid needed to transport a gene of interest into host cells. (genengnews.com)
  • The Wisconsin group adapted technology currently in development for human gene therapy by using extensively modified components of the genetic material of HIV as a vector to ferry the gene into the cells of early-stage rhesus monkey embryos. (scienceagogo.com)
  • The vector, Golos says, is stripped of disease-causing genes and employs just a small percentage of the HIV genome to trick embryonic cells into accepting the transgene. (scienceagogo.com)
  • Researchers are beginning to gain a clearer understanding of how the immune system responds, in both a reactive and tolerant way, to gene therapy delivered using what has become the preferred gene delivery vector, adeno-associated viruses (AAV). (medicalxpress.com)
  • In the article entitled, " Regulatory and Exhausted T Cell Responses to AAV Capsid ," the researchers discuss the complexity of the immune response to AAV, the broad variability in responses between individual patients exposed to AAV vectors, strategies in development to suppress an immune reaction to viral vector components, and the implications of this evolving research area to future developments in AAV-based gene therapy. (medicalxpress.com)
  • A recombinant adenovirus vector (AdCL) was used to transfer human catalase cDNA into EC of whole thickness rabbit corneas ex vivo. (bmj.com)
  • HSV-1 vector particles containing either gC - GDNF or gC - BDNF target gene transfer to nigrostriatal neurons, which contain specific receptors for GDNF or BDNF. (harvard.edu)
  • Results: Helper virus-free HSV-1 vector packaging was performed using either gC - GDNF or gC - BDNF and vectors that contain either the TH promoter or the modified neurofilament heavy gene promoter. (harvard.edu)
  • Vector stocks were injected into the midbrain proximal to the substantia nigra, and the rats were sacrificed at either 4 days or 1 month after gene transfer. (harvard.edu)
  • AAV9 should be used in rodent cardiac studies and may be the vector of choice for clinical trials of cardiac gene transfer. (upenn.edu)
  • The present study uniquely combines olfactory ensheathing glia (OEG) implantation with ex vivo adenoviral (AdV) vector-based neurotrophin gene therapy in an attempt to enhance regeneration after cervical spinal cord injury. (edu.au)
  • In a new discovery that increases our understanding of gene transfer, a research team centered at University of Tsukuba has studied a gene in marine invertebrates called ascidians originally came from a common bacterium. (phys.org)
  • GTAs were discovered in the 1970's and shown to mediate gene transfer in the bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus . (asmblog.org)
  • They then confirmed that these genes produced GTA particles that were released by the bacterium and transferred genetic material to recipient cells. (asmblog.org)
  • To test the theory the team removed two genes in the soil bacterium Acinetobacter baylyi and presented the bacterium with DNA of lengths from 20 to about 50,000 base pairs. (abc.net.au)
  • Horizontal gene transfer is one of the most serious, if not the most serious hazard of transgenic technology. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Transgenic DNA is in many respects optimised for horizontal gene transfer. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • Transgenic constructs contain new combinations of genes that have never existed, and they also amplify gene products that have never been part of our food chain [3]. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • So, only a correspondingly tiny fraction of the actual transfers would ever be detected, especially given the well-known tendency of transgenic constructs to fragment and rearrange. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • By successfully inserting a gene from a jellyfish into the fertilized eggs of rhesus monkeys, scientists have managed to make transgenic placentas in which the inserted gene functions as it does in the jellyfish. (scienceagogo.com)
  • The infants produced here did not carry the gene in their DNA," Golos says, "but they did carry it and produce large amounts of the transgenic protein within their placentas during pregnancy. (scienceagogo.com)
  • The work is just a small step away from making a truly transgenic monkey, where foreign DNA is not only transferred from one species to another but is functional as well. (scienceagogo.com)
  • This is an important distinction," Golos says, "since the success of transgenic or gene transfer studies is determined by whether or not the protein is produced. (scienceagogo.com)
  • These include viral and nonviral methods of gene delivery, transgenic approaches, strategies for the regulation of transgene expression, and modification of the host response. (cshlpress.com)
  • 5 - 8 A drawback of TCR gene therapy is the formation of mixed TCR dimers, consisting of transgenic and endogenous TCR α and β chains. (haematologica.org)
  • The development of methods for efficient gene transfer to terminally differentiated retinal cells is important to study the function of the retina as well as for gene therapy of retinal diseases. (nih.gov)
  • In this study, we have evaluated the ability of HIV vectors to transfer genes into retinal cells. (nih.gov)
  • Our goal is to test the effects of interspecific mixing on the spread of horizontally transferred genes. (mca-johnson.com)
  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Genetic diagnostic technologies are scientific methods that are used to understand and evaluate an organism's genes. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This study demonstrates the potential of T. molitor larvae as a reliable and cost -effective model for analyzing the virulence of Staphylococcus and, for the first time , an optimal environment for the plasmid transfer between S. aureus carrying antimicrobial resistance genes . (bvsalud.org)
  • Antimicrobial resistance occurs through different mechanisms, which include spontaneous (natural) genetic mutations and horizontal transfer of resistant genes through deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (who.int)
  • Pollen-mediated gene flow at a distance could allow the spread of rare herbicide-resistant alleles and favor the evolution of multiple herbicide-resistant biotypes through the accumulation of different resistant genes in an individual weed or weed population. (unl.edu)
  • 8) According to Beaber et al , when Vibrio cholerae is exposed to the antibiotic ciprofloxacin, it will actually promote the spread of antibiotic resistance genes. (mpkb.org)
  • Antibiotic resistance gene distribution in Community and Hospital Isolates of Bacteroides spp. (cdc.gov)
  • Insect-resistant maize line CG00526-176 contains three bacterial genes: the cry1A(b) specific to lepidopterans, the bar gene conferring tolerance to glufosinate, and a bla gene encoding TEM-1 b-lactamase (ampicillin resistance). (gmwatch.org)
  • A plasmid with a mob site (like many found in Rhodococcus species) cannot be transferred via transfer genes which normally interact with the oriT site (which is common in E. coli) Each of the individual genes in the tra operon codes for a different protein product. (wikipedia.org)
  • This new work, Golos says, will help provide a way to explore the role that individual genes play in pathologies of pregnancy. (scienceagogo.com)
  • Scientists can now devise experiments to learn the role of individual genes in human female reproductive health, and maternal and fetal well-being," Golos says. (scienceagogo.com)
  • The risk of cancer is highlighted by the recent report that gene therapy - genetic modification of human cells - claimed its first cancer victim [4]. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • The procedure, in which bone marrow cells are genetically modified outside the body and re-implanted, was previously thought to avoid creating infectious viruses and causing cancer, both recognized major hazards of gene therapy. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • To introduce students with horizontal gene transfer, both in nature and in the laboratory (gene engineering), in modern medicine (gene therapy among other topics), as well as to help them acquire the skills of scientific literature analysis. (rsu.lv)
  • characterize methods of gene therapy, its present achievements and application limitations. (rsu.lv)
  • Upon successful completion of the course the students will be able to explain the benefits provided by biotechnology and gene therapy and the related risks. (rsu.lv)
  • The students analyse situations, argue logically and justify their point of view on the horizontal gene transfer and on gene therapy options accordingly to the aim. (rsu.lv)
  • The efficient gene transfer into photoreceptor cells by HIV vectors will be useful for gene therapy of retinal diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa. (nih.gov)
  • Oxford BioMedica to Obtain $250K to Support Gene Therapy for Stargardt. (genengnews.com)
  • The results from extensive preclinical testing of AAV2-sFLT01 are encouraging in suggesting this gene therapy approach may be a viable alternative for achieving a prolonged anti-VEGF effect and obviating the need for repeated injections. (ophthalmologytimes.com)
  • Because rhesus macaques are genetically very close to humans, the work underscores the potential of the rhesus macaque as a model for future studies to establish the safety and effectiveness of human gene and stem cell therapy. (scienceagogo.com)
  • Here, we used a gene therapy approach to directly overexpress APPsα in the brain using AAV-mediated gene transfer and explored its potential to rescue structural, electrophysiological and behavioral deficits in APP/PS1∆E9 AD model mice. (springer.com)
  • Human Gene Therapy Methods 23:18-28. (springer.com)
  • A new review that takes a comprehensive look at both the AAV-mediated immune reactivation response to gene transfer and the role that regulatory and exhausted T cells play in the development of tolerance to AAV is published in Human Gene Therapy . (medicalxpress.com)
  • Gwladys Gernoux et al, Regulatory and Exhausted T Cell Responses to AAV Capsid, Human Gene Therapy (2017). (medicalxpress.com)
  • Co-transfer of a suicide gene would provide a desirable safety switch in clinical TCR gene therapy. (haematologica.org)
  • In this study, we investigated the use of CD20 as safety switch after retroviral transfer to T cells with different cytomegalovirus (CMV) specificities, and conclude that CD20 may be broadly applicable as safeguard in adoptive T-cell therapy. (haematologica.org)
  • Background: Direct gene transfer into neurons has potential for developing gene therapy treatments for specific neurological conditions, and for elucidating neuronal physiology. (harvard.edu)
  • Nigrostriatal neuron-specific expression may be useful for specific gene therapy approaches to Parkinson's disease or for genetic analyses of nigrostriatal neuron physiology. (harvard.edu)
  • Human Gene Therapy , 19(4), p. 40. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Non-viral gene therapy. (ufrgs.br)
  • Retroviral vectors have been widely studied as vehicles for hepatocyte gene therapy, but they are limited by an inability to infect nondividing cells and the need for prolonged cell culture. (elsevierpure.com)
  • HSV vectors are potentially powerful tools for gene therapy of human liver disease, because they are efficient and rapid vehicles for gene transfer. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Although gene therapy is defined as any treatment that changes gene function, it is often thought of as the insertion of normal genes into the cells of a person who lacks such normal genes because of a specific genetic disorder. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This technique is called gene insertion therapy or insertion gene therapy. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Currently, such gene insertion therapy is most likely to be effective in the prevention or cure of single-gene defects, such as cystic fibrosis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A different method of gene therapy uses antisense technology. (msdmanuals.com)
  • It seems to have the potential to be more effective and safer than gene insertion therapy. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Another approach to gene therapy is to increase or decrease the activities of certain genes by using chemicals to modify chemical reactions in the cell that control gene expression. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The tra genes encode proteins which are useful for the propagation of the plasmid from the host cell to a compatible donor cell or maintenance of the plasmid. (wikipedia.org)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is one of at least two lipid transfer proteins found in human plasma. (nih.gov)
  • hGH was also detected in the media from HSVhGH-transduced cells, showing that proteins coded for by foreign genes are not only expressed by transduced cells but are also secreted. (elsevierpure.com)
  • For example, modifying a chemical reaction called methylation can change the function of a gene, causing it to increase or decrease production of certain proteins or to produce different kinds of proteins. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Genes and Chromosomes Genes are segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that contain the code for a specific protein that functions in one or more types of cells in the body or the code for functional ribonucleic. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The transfer genes - Though a functioning set of tra genes is necessary for plasmid transfer, they may be located in a variety of places including the plasmid in question, another plasmid in the same host cell, or even in the bacterial genome. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, even when the two organisms in question are in close proximity to each other, such as in a symbiotic or parasitic relationship, the transfer of genetic material and its introduction into a new genome only marks the initial step for successful horizontal gene transfer. (phys.org)
  • GTAs package DNA from the host genome, but the size encapsulated is usually smaller than that of the corresponding GTA-encoding gene cluster. (asmblog.org)
  • Genome Comparisons of Wild Isolates of Caulobacter crescentus Reveal Rates of Inversion and Horizontal Gene Transfer. (pacb.com)
  • Sandwalk: Is lateral gene transfer (LGT) Lamarckian? (blogspot.com)
  • Is lateral gene transfer (LGT) Lamarckian? (blogspot.com)
  • There's an interesting discussion going on about lateral gene transfer (LGT) in eukaryotes. (blogspot.com)
  • notably Bill Martin (Heinrich Heine Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany) who suggests that almost all of them are artifacts and lateral gene transfer in eukaryotes is extremely rare [see Lateral gene transfer in eukaryotes - where's the evidence? ]. (blogspot.com)
  • In addition to this debate about the existence of LGT in eukaryotes, there's a discussion about whether lateral gene transfer in eukaryotes, if it exists, is a fundamentally Lamackian process. (blogspot.com)
  • Electric field-mediated gene transfer in mammalian cells (electrotransformation) depends on the pulsing conditions (field intensity, pulse duration, number of pulses). (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Wolf H, Rols MP, Boldt E, Neumann E, Teissie J. Control by pulse parameters of electric field-mediated gene transfer in mammalian cells. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Control by pulse parameters of electric field-mediated gene transfer in mammalian cells", Biophysical Journal , vol. 66, 1994, pp. 524-531. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • The use of CD20 as suicide gene was investigated in CMV specific T cells and in T cells genetically modified with an antigen specific T-cell receptor. (haematologica.org)
  • 3 Autologous lymphocytes genetically modified with the TCR for MART-1/Melan-A have been adoptively transferred to patients with advanced melanoma. (haematologica.org)
  • A comparison of the dendrogram of the tfdA genes with that of the SSU rDNA genes demonstrated incongruency in phylogenies, and hence 2,4-D degradation must have originated from gene transfer between species. (nih.gov)
  • These genes are not present in related species that have not adapted to an acidic environment. (blogspot.com)
  • Gene flow via vegetative propagule has rarely been addressed, but could be an important avenue for certain weed species. (unl.edu)
  • Reproductive biology differs markedly among weed species, as does the potential for gene flow. (unl.edu)
  • The transfer of DNA among pathogens means that once harmless microbes can acquire properties that allow them to cause problems for the host. (mpkb.org)
  • Also it should be noted that other types of pathogens such as viruses can and do engage in horizontal gene transfer. (mpkb.org)
  • Pollen-mediated gene flow from glyphosate-resistant common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis Sauer): consequences for dispersal of resistance genes. (unl.edu)
  • Can members of the microflora serve as reservoirs of resistance genes? (cdc.gov)
  • To investigate T. molitor's suitability as an in vivo model for plasmid transfer studies, we used S. aureus strains as donor and recipient of a plasmid containing the gentamicin resistance gene aac(6')-aph(2â ³). (bvsalud.org)
  • This report presents the status of AMR in Africa by analysing the main types of resistance and the underlying genes where possible. (who.int)
  • Dr. Scaria presented favorable findings from a 12-month, formal GLP toxicity study of intravitreal injection of AAV2-sFLT01 in cynomolgus monkeys that also demonstrated long-term efficacy in preventing laser-induced CNV and persistent gene expression. (ophthalmologytimes.com)
  • We showed that a region adjacent to the cellulose synthase gene is responsible for its specific epidermal expression," study coauthor Yosuke Ogura says. (phys.org)
  • The GC-specificity and epidermal expression of AP-2 meant that the introduced cellulose synthase gene could immediately be expressed in its new surroundings in a beneficial way. (phys.org)
  • These findings provide interesting insight into one way in which the conditions in the new host can facilitate expression of a newly transferred gene and its integration into the host's functions, reducing the improbability that a randomly inserted foreign gene could actually be beneficial. (phys.org)
  • Expression of the GTA cluster and other auxiliary GTA genes leads to production of phage-like particles that are packed with random fragments of genomic DNA. (asmblog.org)
  • Gene Transfer: Delivery and Expression of DNA and RNA provides the first comprehensive guide to technical approaches for delivering nucleic acids into cells and organisms and of ensuring (even manipulating) appropriate expression. (cshlpress.com)
  • Due to the complex cellular composition of specific brain areas, neuronal type-specific recombinant gene expression is required for many potential applications of neuronal gene transfer. (harvard.edu)
  • A second approach to achieve neuronal type-specific expression is to use a cell type-specific promoter, and we have used the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) promoter to restrict expression to catecholaminergic neurons or a modified neurofilament heavy gene promoter to restrict expression to neurons, and both of these promoters support long-term expression from HSV-1 vectors. (harvard.edu)
  • To both improve nigrostriatal-neuron specific expression, and to establish that targeted gene transfer can be followed by long-term expression, we performed targeted gene transfer with vectors that support long-term, neuronal-specific expression. (harvard.edu)
  • The combination of targeted gene transfer with neuronal-specific promoters improved nigrostriatal neuron-specific expression (83 to 93%) compared to either approach alone, and supported long-term (1 month) expression at levels similar to those observed using untargeted gene transfer. (harvard.edu)
  • Conclusion: Targeted gene transfer can be used in combination with neuronal-specific promoters to achieve a high level of nigrostriatal neuron-specific expression. (harvard.edu)
  • Targeted gene transfer can be followed by long-term expression. (harvard.edu)
  • LacZ expression was relatively cardiac specific, and cardiac function was unaffected by gene transfer. (upenn.edu)
  • A 20-minute isolated perfusion using 5 × 10 6 viral particles resulted in expression of the β-galactosidase gene in the rodent livers 72 hours later without histological signs of tissue injury. (elsevierpure.com)
  • We have evaluated the capacity of the cell-binding heptapeptide SIGYPLP to enhance transgene expression using non-viral and viral gene delivery vectors. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • With the development of sequencing technology , transfer RNA ( tRNA )-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) have received extensive attention as a new type of small noncoding RNAs. (bvsalud.org)
  • In addition, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes necessary for the intramitochondrial synthesis of these 13 polypeptides. (medscape.com)
  • The core of eukaryotic LGT adaptation claims is that eukaryotes lack the genetic material required to survive in particular environments and acquire the genes needed in order to access those environments from those that already live there. (blogspot.com)
  • These results show that horizontal gene transfer between vascular plants is not rare, that it can affect large amounts of genetic material, and that it need not have a selective advantage for the host. (cas.cz)
  • Since then, we have continued to warn our regulators that the CaMV 35S promoter will be extra prone to spread by horizontal gene transfer and recombination [7-9]. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • The GFP gene under the control of the cytomegalovirus promoter was efficiently expressed in both photoreceptor cells and retinal pigment epithelium. (nih.gov)
  • This study evaluated six adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the liver-specific thyroid hormone-binding globulin (TBG) promoter made with novel capsids in canine liver-directed gene transfer. (upenn.edu)
  • Only those strains with tfdA sequences highly similar to the tfdA sequence of strain JMP134 (tfdA class I) transferred all the 2,4-D genes and conferred the 2,4-D degradation phenotype to a Burkholderia cepacia recipient. (nih.gov)
  • In contrast, many genes underwent positive selection in this order and the majority of these sequences are clade-specific. (nature.com)
  • Almkvist O, Basun H, Wagner SL, Rowe BA, Wahlund LO, Lannfelt L (1997) Cerebrospinal fluid levels of alpha-secretase-cleaved soluble amyloid precursor protein mirror cognition in a Swedish family with Alzheimer disease and a gene mutation. (springer.com)
  • CD20-transduced T cells with and without co-transferred T-cell receptor were efficiently eliminated by complement dependent cytotoxicity induced by therapeutic anti-CD20 antibody rituximab. (haematologica.org)
  • Cardiac gene transfer may serve as a novel therapeutic approach. (upenn.edu)
  • This gene encodes a protein that helps form an external protective coating, the loss of which leads to a lack of cellulose production and has adverse effects on these organisms. (phys.org)
  • Retroviral gene transfer to primitive normal and leukemic hematopoietic cells using clinically applicable procedures. (jci.org)
  • Clinical uses of gene transfer to bone marrow transplants require the establishment of a reproducible method for infecting large numbers of very primitive hematopoietic cells at high efficiency using cell-free retrovirus-containing media. (jci.org)
  • Marrow cells enriched greater than or equal to 500-fold for LTC-IC (1-2% pure) by flow cytometry showed gene transfer efficiencies of 27% when infected in a similar fashion over a shorter period (24 h), but in the presence of added soluble IL-3 and G-CSF without stromal feeders, and this increased to 61% when Steel factor was also present during the infection period. (jci.org)
  • The gene, which causes jellyfish cells to produce a robust green glow, likewise conferred this activity on the placental cells where it was found. (scienceagogo.com)
  • Because the green-glow gene can be seen in cells, it is a much used "reporter" gene that can tell scientists that it has been effectively delivered to the host cell. (scienceagogo.com)
  • This gene is specifically expressed in the protective outer layer of cells called the epidermis, which was suggested to be key to its coating-related function. (phys.org)
  • The producer cell then lyses and releases GTA particles into the supernatant that can then transfer wild-type DNA to recipient cells to be used for recombination to fix deleterious mutations or strand breaks. (asmblog.org)
  • Clever mixing experiments, done by combining GTA producers and recipient cells in which they induce DNA damage, indicated that the transferred DNA was important for the recipient cell's ability to survive damage caused by double strand DNA breaks, a lesion that is difficult to repair and highly lethal. (asmblog.org)
  • Understanding gene function and regulation requires rigorous testing in live cells and organisms. (cshlpress.com)
  • Transfer of HSV-tk to DLI preserves the beneficial anti-tumor effect and allows in vivo elimination of donor T cells if severe GvHD occurs. (haematologica.org)
  • T-cell receptor (TCR) gene transfer is an attractive strategy for rapid in vitro generation of high numbers of antigen specific T cells. (haematologica.org)
  • 4 In addition, TCRs for minor histocompatibility antigens, including HA-1 and HA-2, have been transferred to donor-derived virus-specific T cells to treat patients with hematologic malignancies after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. (haematologica.org)
  • Although human CD20 has previously been described as functional selection marker and suicide gene after retroviral transfer to T lymphocytes, 9 , 10 the specificities of these T cells were unknown, and therefore a potential effect of CD20 on antigen-specific T-cell functions could not be investigated. (haematologica.org)
  • To examine the effect of catalase gene transfer on survival of corneal endothelial cells (EC) following challenge with hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) in an ex vivo model of oxidative stress. (bmj.com)
  • CNTF gene transfer protects ganglion cells in rat retinae undergoing focal injury and branch vessel occlusion. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Here we assess the efficacy of local CNTF gene transfer in protecting retinal ganglion cells when there is focal ischaemia combined with interruption of axoplasmic flow. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We therefore show that CNTF gene transfer confers neuroprotection to ganglion cells undergoing an acute ischaemic injury combined with interruption of axoplasmic flow. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Targeted polyplex based vectors showed good levels of DNA uptake in freshly isolated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) compared to untargeted controls, whilst displaying only modest increases in reporter gene activity. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • The transfer of the normal DNA into a person's cells can be done by several methods. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Sometimes this method does not work because the liposomes are not absorbed into the person's cells, the new gene does not work as intended, or the new gene is eventually lost. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The resulting particles carry fragments of host DNA but not necessarily the genes needed for self-transmission. (asmblog.org)
  • Biologists at the university introduced a specific gene responsible for enhanced cellular repair and protection into mice, which they say may be a step toward unlocking the secrets of aging and potentially extending human lifespan. (wgnradio.com)
  • The use of constructs based on conjugates between hydrophilic polymers and small receptor-binding oligopeptides as agents for retargeting viral or non-viral vectors to cellular receptors represents a simple alternative to the use of antibodies as targeting ligands for cell specific gene delivery. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Writing today, Sept. 11, in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Thaddeus G. Golos of the Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, described the successful insertion of a "reporter gene" into two fertilized rhesus macaque embryos. (scienceagogo.com)
  • E. coli strain DH5a was the test micro-organism for horizontal gene transfer. (gmwatch.org)
  • The transfer of genes from one organism to another is potentially a rapid way for evolution to occur and for complicated novel functions to emerge. (phys.org)
  • A very strong enhancer is located upstream of an immediate early gene of human cytomegalovirus. (wikidata.org)
  • The development of commercially available transfection reagents for gene transfer applications has revolutionized the field of molecular biology and scientific research. (mdpi.com)
  • Moreover, it has acquired genes through horizontal transfer from other strains that make it even more virulent than others. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Remarkably, none of the strains became established at detectable levels in the endophytic community, but there was horizontal gene transfer of pTOM-Bu61 to different members of the endogenous endophytic community, both in the presence and in the absence of toluene. (rti.org)
  • After summarizing the latest mechanisms of tsRNAs, including transcriptional gene silencing, post-transcriptional gene silencing , nascent RNA silencing , translation regulation , rRNA regulation , and reverse transcription regulation , we explored the representative biological functions of tsRNAs in tumors . (bvsalud.org)
  • Multiple regulatory roles of the transfer RNA-derived small RNAs in cancers. (bvsalud.org)
  • Tenebrio molitor as a model system to study Staphylococcus spp virulence and horizontal gene transfer. (bvsalud.org)
  • This study aimed to establish the larvae of the coleoptera Tenebrio molitor ( mealworm ) as an in vivo model for evaluating virulence and horizontal gene transfer between Staphylococcus spp. (bvsalud.org)
  • Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) is a well-established suicide gene that has been successfully used to control GvHD following donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. (haematologica.org)
  • This gene based approach to the protection of corneal endothelium from oxidative stress may have application in prevention of EC loss in pathological conditions in which H 2 O 2 is involved and in ex vivo donor corneal storage before transplantation. (bmj.com)
  • The acquired genes have lost functionality and are embedded in noncoding DNA from the panicoid donor. (cas.cz)
  • The encoded protein transfers phospholipids from triglyceride-rich lipoproteins to high density lipoprotein (HDL). (nih.gov)
  • Genetically elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol through the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene does not associate with risk of Alzheimer's disease. (hjarta.is)
  • Anonymous Reviewer ( 2017 ) Peer Review #1 of 'HgtSIM: a simulator for horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in microbial communities (v0.2)' . (peerj.com)
  • Two replication deficient herpes simplex viral vectors (HSV) were constructed with the marker genes lac-Z/β-galactosidase (HSVlac) or human-growth hormone (HSVhGH) to determine the efficiency of HSV gene transfer into adult human hepatocytes. (elsevierpure.com)
  • To understand the origin of 2,4-D degradation in this diverse collection, the first gene in the 2,4-D pathway, tfdA, was sequenced. (nih.gov)
  • We investigated the use of human CD20 as suicide gene in T-lymphocytes. (haematologica.org)
  • Human CD20 has been proposed as non-immunogenic protein with a dual function as selection marker and suicide gene. (haematologica.org)
  • Explore the normal functions of human genes and the health implications of genetic changes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The work reported today by the Wisconsin group is important because it is the first time a gene that has been transferred into a primate embryo has been shown to be functional throughout development to a successful live birth. (scienceagogo.com)
  • AAV9 provided global cardiac gene transfer stable for up to 1 year that was superior to other serotypes. (upenn.edu)
  • Our main hypotheses are that the extent of interspecific mixing determines the probability of horizontal gene transfer and proliferation. (mca-johnson.com)
  • To examine the morphological effects of catalase gene transfer in modulation of H 2 O 2 induced injury, transduced corneas were maintained in ex vivo culture and challenged with H 2 O 2 . (bmj.com)
  • Ex vivo catalase gene transfer can protect EC from death mediated by H 2 O 2 . (bmj.com)
  • Efficient in vivo delivery of foreign gene may also be accomplished using these vectors. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The universal 16S rRNA gene is used as a control for DNA extraction and amplification for each reaction. (cdc.gov)
  • Pulsing conditions inducing reversible permeabilization of the cell plasma membrane are not sufficient to induce gene transfer. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Immunofluorescent costaining was performed to detect both recombinant gene products and nigrostriatal neurons. (harvard.edu)
  • PLTP is a p53 target gene with roles in cancer growth suppression and ferroptosis. (nih.gov)
  • One approach is to target gene transfer to a specific type of neuron. (harvard.edu)