AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
Transfer RNA AminoacylationRNA, TransferAminoacylationAmino Acyl-tRNA SynthetasesAnticodonAcylationRNA, Transfer, Amino AcylRNA, Transfer, CysAlanine-tRNA LigaseRNALeucine-tRNA LigaseNucleic Acid ConformationRNA, Transfer, AlaRNA, Transfer, LeuIsoleucine-tRNA LigasePhenylalanine-tRNA LigaseRNA, BacterialValine-tRNA LigaseMethionine-tRNA LigaseRNA, Transfer, ValRNA, Transfer, AspRNA EditingRNA, Transfer, Amino Acid-SpecificEscherichia coliSerine-tRNA LigaseRNA, Transfer, IleGlycine-tRNA LigaseBase SequenceRNA, ViralRNA, Transfer, SerRNA, Transfer, PheAspartate-tRNA LigaseTyrosine-tRNA LigaseLysine-tRNA LigaseArginine-tRNA LigaseRNA, Small InterferingMolecular Sequence DataRNA, Transfer, HisRNA, Transfer, GlyRNA, Transfer, TrpRNA, Transfer, ProRNA, Transfer, MetGlutamate-tRNA LigaseRNA, RibosomaltRNA MethyltransferasesRNA, Transfer, ThrRNA, Transfer, AsnTryptophan-tRNA LigaseRNA, Transfer, TyrRNA, Transfer, GluGenetic CodePhenylalanineRNA SplicingKineticsThreonine-tRNA LigaseNucleoside QRNA, FungalRNA, Transfer, GlnRNA, Transfer, ArgGene Transfer TechniquesProtein BiosynthesisRibosomesDNA-Directed RNA PolymerasesRNA, Transfer, LysSaccharomyces cerevisiaeRNA, MessengerHistidine-tRNA LigaseSubstrate SpecificityMutationUridineRNA Processing, Post-TranscriptionalModels, MolecularOligoribonucleotidesRNA, CatalyticBinding SitesAmino Acid SequenceRNA, ArchaealAmino AcidsThiouridineThermus thermophilus
RibosomePolymeraseMetabolicProteinsSynthesisPhosphodiester bondMRNAMoleculeReplicationAminoacyl tRNATRNAsNucleicRibosomalHydrolysis2018TranscriptionMitochondrialGeneticBiologyBacterialTranslationModificationsStabilityChargingGeneAMINO ACIDSMechanismsProcessConformationMoleculesBase pairsInvolvementFunctionsBindingHint
Ribosome5
  • Codon recognition at the ribosome as well as the ever-increasing number of alternative roles for transfer RNA outside of translation will be discussed in the specific context of bacterial cells. (chapman.edu)
  • Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) enter ribosome-mediated protein biosynthesis in a translationally competent state, which includes post-transcriptional modifications at various positions, including the anticodon loop, and the presence of an intact single-stranded CCA-sequence at the 3′-terminus that is required for amino acid attachment by the corresponding aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetase [7] . (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Regardless of whether they are incorporated in a programmed manner or as the result of RNA damage, we reasoned that the ribosome will encounter the modifications that we detect in cells. (nsf.gov)
  • A ribosome is a complicated combination of RNA and other proteins that carries out translation. (edu.vn)
  • Some viruses hijack cellular machinery to translate some of their mRNAs through a noncanonical initiation pathway using internal ribosome entry site (IRES), a highly structured RNAs which can directly recruit the ribosome with a restricted set of initiation factors, and in some cases even without cap and initiator tRNA. (cnrs.fr)
Polymerase3
  • RNA polymerase I, II & III. (bankofbiology.com)
  • AMR families of the resistance mechanism of antibiotic target alteration included glycopeptide resistance gene cluster (for vanRO gene), rifamycin-resistant beta-subunit of RNA polymerase (for rpoB2 gene) and antibiotic-resistant isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase (for ileS gene). (springeropen.com)
  • AMR families of the resistance mechanism of antibiotic target protection included bacterial RNA polymerase-binding protein (for RbpA gene), while those of the resistance mechanism of antibiotic inactivation included rifampin ADP-ribosyltransferase (for arr-1 gene). (springeropen.com)
Metabolic1
  • Helm, M. & Alfonzo, J. D. Posttranscriptional RNA modifications: playing metabolic games in a cell's chemical Legoland. (nature.com)
Proteins7
  • The biosynthesis of PEPTIDES and PROTEINS on RIBOSOMES, directed by MESSENGER RNA, via TRANSFER RNA that is charged with standard proteinogenic AMINO ACIDS. (umassmed.edu)
  • Regulatory non-coding RNAs and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are important research areas in gene regulation and RNA biology. (rochester.edu)
  • From rna to make new proteins (translation). (caisouthern.com)
  • This diagram shows the translation of rna into proteins. (caisouthern.com)
  • Genes encode proteins, and the instructions for making proteins are decoded in two steps: first, a messenger rna (mrna) molecule is produced through the. (caisouthern.com)
  • NEAT1 scaffolds RNA-binding proteins and the Microprocessor to globally enhance pri-miRNA processing. (ablife.cc)
  • The genetic information of life on Earth have been conserved in natural nucleotides-A, G, C, T(U) forming two exclusive sets of base pairs A-T(U) & G-C, that complementing to the fundamental processes of DNA replication & RNA transcription by several polymerases and translation to functional proteins via ribosomal reactions. (fortuneonline.org)
Synthesis4
  • The primary role of transfer RNA resides in its critical involvement in the accurate translation of messenger RNA codons during protein synthesis and, therefore, ultimately in the determination of cellular gene expression. (chapman.edu)
  • This review aims to bring together the results of intensive investigations into the synthesis, maturation, modification, aminoacylation, editing and recycling of bacterial transfer RNAs. (chapman.edu)
  • Transfer RNA (tRNA) is an adapter molecule that links a specific codon in mRNA with its corresponding amino acid during protein synthesis. (nature.com)
  • Complementation of a 3-nucleotide codon in a messenger RNA (mRNA) by a 3-nucleotide anticodon of the tRNA results in protein synthesis based on the mRNA code. (edu.vn)
Phosphodiester bond3
  • This is supported by the enhanced stability at acidic pH of not only the RNA phosphodiester bond but also of the aminoacyl-(t)RNA and peptide bonds. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, one difficulty with this attractive scenario is the instability of the phosphodiester bond of RNA at alkaline pH [ 10 ] (Figure 1 ), suggesting that RNA is more likely to have evolved in an environment of lower pH. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The RNA phosphodiester bond is most stable at pH 4-5 at 90°C . Hydrolysis of the dinucleoside 3',5'-UpU at 90°C as a function of pH. (biomedcentral.com)
MRNA3
  • The methodologies we developed result in no detectable non-coding RNA modifications signals in our purified mRNA samples, quantify 50 ribonucleosides in a single analysis, and provide the lowest limit of detection reported for ribonucleoside modification LC-MS/MS analyses. (nsf.gov)
  • Hint: tRNA is an adaptor molecule made up of RNA that acts as the physical connexion between the mRNA and the protein amino acid chain, usually 76 to 90 nucleotides in length. (edu.vn)
  • Gene expression also relies on extensive C-to-U (and sometimes U-to-C) RNA editing, in which substitution of specific pyrimidines in the mRNA sequence restores phylogenetically conserved codons [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Molecule1
  • Transfer RNA is an essential adapter molecule that is found across all three domains of life. (chapman.edu)
Replication1
  • (i) non-enzymatic RNA replication of a hemi-protonated cytosine-rich oligonucleotide, and (ii) specific aminoacylation of tRNA/hairpins through triple helix interactions between the helical aminoacyl stem and a single-stranded aminoacylating ribozyme. (biomedcentral.com)
Aminoacyl tRNA1
TRNAs1
  • 1) "native" tRNAs encoded in the mitochondrial genome and inherited from the α-proteobacterial progenitor of mitochondria, 2) chloroplast-like tRNAs, which are also encoded in the mitochondrial genome but which were acquired by functional gene transfer from the chloroplast genome during land plant evolution, and 3) nuclear-encoded tRNAs imported from the cytosol. (biomedcentral.com)
Nucleic1
Ribosomal1
  • Divergence in one region of 18S rRNA appears to be the result of a gene conversion event, in which recombination with a homologous gene of chloroplast origin led to the complete replacement of a helix in this ribosomal RNA. (biomedcentral.com)
Hydrolysis1
  • Its discovery revealed a class of amino/imino ribonucleoside artifacts that are generated during RNA hydrolysis under ammonium‐buffered mild basic conditions. (nsf.gov)
20181
Transcription1
Mitochondrial2
  • Mitochondrial gene loss and functional transfer to the nucleus is an ongoing process in many lineages of plants, resulting in substantial variation across species in mitochondrial gene content. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we identify nonrandom distribution of a pathogenic mtDNA variant across a complex tissue using single-cell RNA-Seq, mitochondrial single-cell ATAC sequencing, and multimodal single-cell sequencing. (jci.org)
Genetic1
Biology1
  • He received his Ph.D. degree in the laboratory of Dr. En-Duo Wang in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology from Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology of Chinese Academy of Science in 2008, where he studied the structural and functional interplay of transfer RNA (tRNA) and tRNA synthetase in bacteria, yeast and human. (rochester.edu)
Bacterial1
  • Shepherd, J. and Ibba, M. (2015) Bacterial transfer RNAs. (chapman.edu)
Translation2
  • In this study, we demonstrate that exposure to oxidative stress results in a quick repression of translation by deactivation of the aminoacyl-ends of all transfer-RNA (tRNA). (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Chemical modifications to protein encoding messenger RNAs (mRNAs) influence their localization, translation, and stability within cells. (nsf.gov)
Modifications4
  • Liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) has become the gold‐standard technique to study RNA and its various modifications. (nsf.gov)
  • While most research on RNA nucleosides has been focused on their biological roles, discovery of new modifications remains of interest. (nsf.gov)
  • These finding and method enhancements will improve the accurate detection of new RNA modifications. (nsf.gov)
  • Its technology can simultaneously measure charging (aminoacylation), post-transcriptional modifications, fragmentation, and co-expression with other small RNAs. (uchicago.edu)
Stability1
  • The subsequent transition to a DNA genome could have been partly driven by the gradual rise in ocean pH, since DNA has greater stability than RNA at alkaline pH, but not at acidic pH. (biomedcentral.com)
Charging2
Gene4
  • The concept of an RNA world - an early stage of evolution where RNA functioned as both gene and catalyst - has wide, though certainly not unanimous, support among those who study the origin of life. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our laboratory is interested in the understanding of pathophysiological function and molecular mechanism of new non-coding RNAs (and RBPs) and new modes of gene regulation in c. (rochester.edu)
  • The long-term objective of our laboratory is to identify novel RNA-based molecular mechanisms that control gene expression and conduct pathophysiological function in cardiac system, as well as to develop novel therapeutic approaches for the prevention or treatment of human cardiovascular diseases. (rochester.edu)
  • Approximately 80% of patients with the clinical characteristics of MELAS syndrome have a heteroplasmic A-to-G point mutation in the dihydrouridine loop of the transfer RNA (tRNA) Leu (UUR) gene at base pair (bp) 3243 (ie, 3243 A → G mutation). (medscape.com)
AMINO ACIDS1
  • The review also outlines the vast applications of UBPs as novel information storage components as well as in creation of semi-synthetic organisms expressing non canonical amino acids, high affinity aptamer generation, PCR based diagnostics and sitespecific labelling of RNAs. (fortuneonline.org)
Mechanisms1
  • A metagenomic whole genome shotgun sequencing approach was used for rhizospheric soil micribiome of the wild plant Abutilon fruticosum in order to detect antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) along with their antibiotic resistance mechanisms and to detect potential risk of these ARGs to human health upon transfer to clinical isolates. (springeropen.com)
Process1
  • Aminoacylation is the process of adding an aminoacyl group to a compound. (wikipedia.org)
Conformation1
  • TM84 traps the enzyme-tRNA complex in a novel 'aminoacylation-like' conformation, forming novel interactions with the KMSKS loop and the tRNA 3'-end. (ox.ac.uk)
Molecules1
Base pairs1
  • The ability of RNA to form protonated base pairs and triples at acidic pH suggests that standard base pairing may not have been a dominant requirement of the early RNA world. (biomedcentral.com)
Involvement1
  • The involvement of tRNA biogenesis, aminoacylation and signaling in lung cancer using high-throughput approaches (DNA arrays, NGS, etc. (dynacomp2.eu)
Functions1
  • Suzuki, T. in Fine-Tuning of RNA Functions by Modification and Editing , Vol. 12 (ed. (nature.com)
Binding1
  • Intriguingly, some of these RNA switches involve the interplay between microRNA and RNA-binding protein (Jafarifar, F, et al. (rochester.edu)
Hint1
  • That could hint at a single RNA/DNA life that diverged very early, and then hybridized. (peacefulscience.org)