Recently a web-based database of human and mouse housekeeping genes and reference genes/transcripts, named Housekeeping and Reference Transcript Atlas (HRT Atlas), was developed to offer updated list of housekeeping genes and reliable candidate reference genes/transcripts for RT-qPCR data normalization. (wikipedia.org)
Human housekeeping gene promoters are generally depleted of TATA-box, have high GC content and high incidence of CpG Islands. (wikipedia.org)
Complex1
During ATR signaling in response to DNA damage, Rad17 forms a complex with 9-1-1 and loads onto stalled replication forks [ 4 - 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Expression6
Although some housekeeping genes are expressed at relatively constant rates in most non-pathological situations, the expression of other housekeeping genes may vary depending on experimental conditions. (wikipedia.org)
For experimental purposes, the expression of one or multiple housekeeping genes is used as a reference point for the analysis of expression levels of other genes. (wikipedia.org)
Validation of housekeeping genes should be performed before their use in gene expression experiments such as RT-PCR. (wikipedia.org)
Housekeeping genes account for majority of the active genes in the genome, and their expression is obviously vital to survival. (wikipedia.org)
The housekeeping gene expression levels are fine-tuned to meet the metabolic requirements in various tissues. (wikipedia.org)
DDR increased the expression level of pathogenesis-related ( PR ) genes and the total salicylic acid (SA) content and promoted mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades, including the WRKY signaling pathway in Arabidopsis. (ppjonline.org)
Specific2
In Drosophila, where promoter specific CpG Islands are absent, housekeeping gene promoters contain DNA elements like DRE, E-box or DPE. (wikipedia.org)
The mechanisms effecting establishment, maintenance, and modification of that specific physical conformation of CHROMATIN determining the transcriptional accessibility or inaccessibility of the DNA. (lookformedical.com)
Analysis1
Transcriptome analysis further revealed that defense-and SA-related genes were upregulated by DDR. (ppjonline.org)
Target genes2
[3] Several E2F target genes promote further release of E2F, creating a positive feedback loop similar to the one found in yeast. (wikipedia.org)
p53 regulated genes curated by M. Fisher (Fischer M. Census and evaluation of p53 target genes. (nih.gov)
Regulation2
Large-scale studies have revealed networks of various biological interaction types, such as protein-protein interaction, genetic interaction, transcriptional regulation, sequence homology, and expression correlation. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, two genes can relate to each other by transcriptional regulation, sequence homology, or expression correlation. (biomedcentral.com)
Pathway1
[3] Since upregulation of S-phase genes drive further suppression of Whi5 , this pathway creates a positive feedback loop that fully commits cells to S-phase gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
Promoters5
Biochemical studies on transcription initiation of the housekeeping gene promoters have been difficult, partly due to the less-characterized promoter motifs and transcription initiation process. (wikipedia.org)
Human housekeeping gene promoters are generally depleted of TATA-box, have high GC content and high incidence of CpG Islands. (wikipedia.org)
In Drosophila, where promoter specific CpG Islands are absent, housekeeping gene promoters contain DNA elements like DRE, E-box or DPE. (wikipedia.org)
Transcription start sites of housekeeping genes can span over a region of around 100 bp whereas transcription start sites of developmentally regulated genes are usually focused in a narrow region. (wikipedia.org)
Little is known about how the dispersed transcription initiation of housekeeping gene is established. (wikipedia.org)
ATF1 NM_005171 ATF2 NM_001880 ATF4 Activating transcription factor 4 NM_001675 ATF6 NM_007348 ATF7 NM_001206682 ATF7IP NM_018179 BTF3 NM_001207 Homo sapiens basic transcription factor 3 E2F4 Homo sapiens E2F transcription factor 4, p107/p130-binding (E2F4), mRNA ERH (gene) Enhancer of rudimentary homolog of drosophila (which in turn is the first enzymatic step in pyrimidine synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
[3] The Cln3-CDK2 complex promotes transcription of S-phase genes by inactivating the transcriptional repressor Whi5 . (wikipedia.org)
[3] Active cyclin D-CDK4/6 complex induces release of E2F transcription factor, which in turn initiates expression of S-phase genes. (wikipedia.org)
In addition to increasing transcription of histone genes, S-phase entry also regulates histone production at the RNA level. (wikipedia.org)
Protein1
To study more complex relationships involving multiple biological interaction types, we assembled an integrated Saccharomyces cerevisiae network in which nodes represent genes (or their protein products) and differently colored links represent the aforementioned five biological interaction types. (biomedcentral.com)
Proteins1
A cellular system can be described as a web of relationships amongst genes, proteins, and other macromolecules. (biomedcentral.com)
Tumor4
2. Frequent abnormalities of FHIT, a candidate tumor suppressor gene, in head and neck cancer cell lines. (nih.gov)
6. Frequent abnormalities of the putative tumor suppressor gene FHIT at 3p14.2 in pancreatic carcinoma cell lines. (nih.gov)
10. Allelic loss and reduced expression of the ING3, a candidate tumor suppressor gene at 7q31, in human head and neck cancers. (nih.gov)
14. Structure and expression of the human FHIT gene in normal and tumor cells. (nih.gov)
Cellular1
In molecular biology, housekeeping genes are typically constitutive genes that are required for the maintenance of basic cellular function, and are expressed in all cells of an organism under normal and patho-physiological conditions. (wikipedia.org)
Reference1
Recently a web-based database of human and mouse housekeeping genes and reference genes/transcripts, named Housekeeping and Reference Transcript Atlas (HRT Atlas), was developed to offer updated list of housekeeping genes and reliable candidate reference genes/transcripts for RT-qPCR data normalization. (wikipedia.org)
Important2
In particular, the Rho-related genes are important in nuclear trafficking (i.e.: mitosis) as well as with mobility along the cytoskeleton in general. (wikipedia.org)
Other gene-pair relationships are also important. (biomedcentral.com)