• The RITS complex in S. pombe contains at least a piwi domain-containing RNase H-like argonaute, a chromodomain protein Chp1, and an argonaute interacting protein Tas3 which can also bind to Chp1, while heterochromatin formation has been shown to require at least argonaute and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. (wikipedia.org)
  • The maintenance of heterochromatin regions by RITS complexes has been described as a self-reinforcing feedback loop, in which RITS complexes stably bind the methylated histones of a heterochromatin region using the Chp1 protein and induce co-transcriptional degradation of any nascent messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts, which are then used as RNA-dependent RNA polymerase substrates to replenish the complement of siRNA molecules to form more RITS complexes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The expression of the two target genes was checked through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to confirm reduced transcript levels for AtExpA8 and AHL25. (bvsalud.org)
  • The coordinated transcription of genes involves the regulated release of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) from promoter-proximal sites into active elongation. (nih.gov)
  • The core components of RNA silencing machinery involve several evolutionarily conserved protein families, including DICER (DCR) or DICER-LIKE (DCL), ARGONAUTE (AGO), and, in some cases, RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE (RDR). (ttu.edu)
  • With a kinetic modeling approach we ascribe function to the observed OCT4-SOX2-NANOG network by making plausible assumptions about the interactions between the transcription factors at the gene promoter binding sites and RNA polymerase (RNAP), at each of the three genes as well as the target genes. (lu.se)
  • Both genes are highly conserved, and their proteins are thought to have 2 functions: (1) formation of a bridge or scaffold between the DNA-binding transcription factors and the RNA polymerase II complex and (2) serving as histone acetyltransferases that open the chromatin structure, a process essential for gene expression. (medscape.com)
  • Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced by commensal bacteria in the gut and are known to reduce inflammation through transcriptional inhibition of cytokines and inflammatory proteins such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). (metu.edu.tr)
  • Overall, our data suggest that butyrate can reduce the expression of inflammatory genes not only by transcriptional regulation, but also by post-transcriptional regulation via inhibition of mRNA stabilizing proteins. (metu.edu.tr)
  • During the Human Genome Project, most efforts to estimate and annotate genes focused on protein-coding genes, i.e., regions of the genome that are transcribed into RNA and then translated into proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • His fields of research comprise RNA-mediated gene silencing processes with a focus on epigenetic phenomena, including studies on RNA-directed DNA methylation, the characterization of virus silencing suppressor proteins, the development of plant bioreactor platforms and viroid research. (degruyter.com)
  • Viroids are non-encapsidated, single-stranded (ss), 250-400 nucleotide (nt)-long circular RNA molecules that do not encode proteins (1, 2). (degruyter.com)
  • Once thought to be just a messenger that allows genetic information encoded in DNA to direct the formation of proteins, RNA (ribonucleic acid) is now known to be a highly versatile molecule that has multiple roles in cells. (cshlpress.com)
  • Fast Fenton footprinting: a laboratory-based method for the time-resolved analysis of DNA, RNA and proteins. (nyu.edu)
  • RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) can modulate gene expression through post-transcriptional regulation. (ebsco.com)
  • We are interested primarily in mechanisms of post-transcriptional gene expression control, involving small non-coding RNAs and RNA-binding proteins. (unibas.ch)
  • KAPAC model for inferring the impact of RNA-binding proteins on polyadenylation. (unibas.ch)
  • The two main classes of RNA regulators are miRNAs and RNA-binding proteins. (unibas.ch)
  • For RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), both in vivo and in vitro binding data has been generated, but principled models describing the sequence specificity of RBPs are yet to be developed. (unibas.ch)
  • Programmable DNA binding proteins have emerged as an exciting platform for engineering synthetic transcription factors for modulating endogenous gene expression 5 - 11 . (cdc.gov)
  • CBP and EP300 are ubiquitously expressed homologous proteins that act as transcriptional co-activators. (medscape.com)
  • all genes associated with this syndrome (ie, DKC1 , TERT, TERC, NOP10 ) encode proteins in the telomerase complex responsible for maintaining telomeres at the ends of chromosomes regarding shortening length, protection, and replication. (medscape.com)
  • Efficient use of artificial micro-RNA to downregulate the expression of genes at the post-transcriptional level in Arabidopsis thaliana. (bvsalud.org)
  • In particular, there are incremental examples of the participation of the distinct class of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in AML epigenetic regulation, some of which have translational potential. (frontiersin.org)
  • The book goes on to discuss the evolution of ribosomes and the functions of RNPs, before reviewing the recent work that has revolutionized our understanding of gene regulation by non-coding RNAs, including miRNAs and siRNAs. (cshlpress.com)
  • Mechanisms of regulation of gene expression by structured RNA molecules and RNA-protein complexes. (nyu.edu)
  • This has prompted intensive investigations on γ-globin gene regulation, the outcome of which may provide insights for the therapeutic augmentation of HbF as treatment for the β-hemoglobinopathies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Analyses of the ftnA, dps and psm genes in different regulatory mutants revealed that their (pp)pGpp-dependent regulation can occur independent of the regulators PerR, Fur, SarA or CodY. (nih.gov)
  • In eukaryotes, gene expression is a complex process, with many steps, all amenable to regulation. (unibas.ch)
  • We also suggest tests that could discriminate between a variety of feedforward regulation architectures of the target genes by OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG. (lu.se)
  • Achieving systematic, genome-scale perturbations within intact biological systems is important for elucidating gene function and epigenetic regulation. (cdc.gov)
  • Although the current generation of dCas9-based transcription activators is able to achieve up-regulation of some endogenous loci, the magnitude of transcriptional up-regulation achieved by individual single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) 12 typically ranges from low to ineffective 8 - 11 . (cdc.gov)
  • We found that the regulation of TE transcription during brain development is essential for the establishment of long-term transcriptional repression carried to adulthood (Paper I and IV). (lu.se)
  • RefAuthors DeSandro, A., Nagarajan, U. M., Boss, J. M. RefTitle The bare lymphocyte syndrome: molecular clues to the RefTitle transcriptional regulation of major histocompatibility RefTitle complex class II genes. (lu.se)
  • Butyrate is a SCFA that was reported to alter the mRNA stability of inflammatory genes by increasiing the expression of the RNA binding protein (RBP) Tristetraprolin (TTP). (metu.edu.tr)
  • As a proof of concept, we show butyrate-mediated inhibition in binding of HuR to the 3'UTR of COX-2 mRNA resulting in reduced mRNA and protein levels of the inflammatory gene. (metu.edu.tr)
  • Thus, AmpliSeq stands as a very sensitive and cost-effective approach for very large scale gene expression analysis and mRNA marker screening with high accuracy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Whole-transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) technology has emerged as a revolutionary platform for genome-wide quantification of mRNA transcripts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genes contain both coding (exon) and non-coding (introns) sections that are transcribed into mRNA. (jax.org)
  • In this process, which is distinct from the process described above, argonaut-bound siRNA recognizes nascent RNA transcripts or the target DNA to guide the methylation and silencing of the target genomic region. (wikipedia.org)
  • We assembled the sequences from deep RNA sequencing experiments by the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project, to create a new catalog of human genes and transcripts, called CHESS. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These include 224 novel protein-coding genes and 116,156 novel transcripts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We detected over 30 million additional transcripts at more than 650,000 genomic loci, nearly all of which are likely nonfunctional, revealing a heretofore unappreciated amount of transcriptional noise in human cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Altered gene expression patterns were observed in 133 RNA transcripts with at least a 2 fold change. (cdc.gov)
  • The candidate interval was shown to exhibit an extraordinary level of alternate splicing - 19 transcripts were identified for the 5 protein coding genes, but it appears that a significant portion (14/19) of these alternate transcripts did not have an open reading frame, hence their functional role is questionable. (biomedcentral.com)
  • NEW YORK (GenomeWeb) - A new Nature study suggests non-coding RNA produced by pathogenic bacteria can influence transcripts produced by both the microbe itself and the infected host. (genomeweb.com)
  • Using an approach known as dual RNA-seq, researchers from Germany, Austria, and the US characterized host transcripts and pathogen messenger RNAs in tandem over time in a human cell line infected with Salmonella enterica from the Typhimurium serovar, an intracellular pathogen known for producing a large repertoire of small regulatory RNAs. (genomeweb.com)
  • Although RNA sequencing is increasingly being used to explore host and pathogen features involved in infection, the team explained, most studies have focused on protein-coding transcripts, assessing bacterial RNA sequences and host RNAs separately. (genomeweb.com)
  • In an effort to simultaneously assess coding and non-coding transcripts in a bacterial pathogen and affected host, the researchers relied on dual RNA-seq, a strategy that uses green fluorescent-tagged Salmonella to identify infected human host cells from a HeLa cell line. (genomeweb.com)
  • Although human transcripts far exceeded those of the Salmonella , the approach made it possible to pick up transcripts representing messenger RNA and non-coding RNAs from both organisms. (genomeweb.com)
  • Through a series of follow-up experiments, the group demonstrated that the small RNA acts not only as a co-activator of Salmonella genes important to invasion, infection, and intracellular replication, but also as a regulator of coding and non-coding transcripts produced by infected host cells. (genomeweb.com)
  • We use these engineered Cas9 activation complexes to investigate sgRNA targeting rules for effective transcriptional activation, demonstrate multiplexed activation of 10 genes simultaneously, and upregulate long intergenic non-coding RNA (lincRNA) transcripts. (cdc.gov)
  • trol spots, and images were screened for changes in A total of 173 genes were differentially expressed, expression values of at least 2-fold. (cdc.gov)
  • The differentially regu- many of which were not found in previous transcriptional lated genes were separately uploaded into EASE (4) to studies of other flaviviruses (3). (cdc.gov)
  • These novel changes induced by WNV may serve as of 173 cellular genes were identified by ArrayTools to be biomarkers and help explain the neuropathologic features differentially expressed in the WNV-infected A172 cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Next generation RNA sequencing identified differentially expressed genes in a small discovery cohort of normotensive and hypertensive individuals. (nih.gov)
  • We identified 60 genes that were significantly differentially expressed in hypertensive monocytes, many of which are related to IL-1β. (nih.gov)
  • RNA-seq offers several advantages over microarrays or RT-qPCR for detecting differentially expressed genes (DEGs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The project will identify key genes, pathways, and biological processes that are differentially regulated in response to hypoxia. (lu.se)
  • Finally, although genotype by environment interaction in gene expression could potentially disrupt genetic networks, the co-expression networks are highly conserved across environments. (nature.com)
  • It is known, however, that plants and animals have analogous mechanism for small RNA-guided heterochromatin formation, and it is believed that the mechanisms described above for S. pombe are highly conserved and play some role in heterochromatin formation in mammals as well. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most eukaryotic organisms possess highly conserved RNA silencing machinery that generates 21- ~ 24-nucleotide small RNAs from double stranded RNA precursors. (ttu.edu)
  • RNA-induced transcriptional silencing (RITS) is a form of RNA interference by which short RNA molecules - such as small interfering RNA (siRNA) - trigger the downregulation of transcription of a particular gene or genomic region. (wikipedia.org)
  • A growing body of evidence indicates that epigenetic regulators rely, amongst other factors, on their interaction with untranslated RNA molecules for guidance to particular targets on DNA. (frontiersin.org)
  • Non (protein)-coding RNAs are the most abundant transcriptional products of the coding genome, and comprise several different classes of molecules with unique lengths, conformations and targets. (frontiersin.org)
  • Molecular Biology introduces you to the structure and function of molecules, including DNA and RNA, which allow genes to be expressed and be maintained from one generation to the next. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • At least in plants, DNA regions that become de novo methylated can be defined by homologous RNA molecules in a process termed RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM). (degruyter.com)
  • Viroids are pathogenic circular, non-coding, single-stranded RNA molecules. (degruyter.com)
  • Upon inoculation, mature Pospiviroidae RNA molecules enter the plant cell nucleus. (degruyter.com)
  • Testing regulatory RNAs and small-molecules as novel therapeutic agents. (nyu.edu)
  • RNA molecules with conserved catalytic cores but variable peripheries fold along unique energetically optimized pathways. (nyu.edu)
  • Using Analytical Ultra Centrifugation to measure global structural changes during equilibrium folding of RNA molecules. (nyu.edu)
  • This technique enables the sequencing of all RNA molecules in a high-throughput manner. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Characterizing post-transcriptional regulatory pathways implicated in oncogenesis. (nyu.edu)
  • Research in my laboratory is directed to understand how multiple small RNA pathways operate in plants using genetic, genomic, and biochemical approaches. (ttu.edu)
  • Plants, therefore, provide a unique system to study the genetic diversification and functional adaptation of small RNA pathways. (ttu.edu)
  • Xie Z , and Qi X. (2008) Diverse small RNA-directed silencing pathways in plants. (ttu.edu)
  • 2004) Genetic and functional diversification of small RNA pathways in plants. (ttu.edu)
  • But PinT also appears to influence host transcriptional patterns, leading to shifts in representation by several long, non-coding RNAs as well as enhanced activation of JAK-STAT signaling pathways. (genomeweb.com)
  • In AAV groups, from the combined limma with GSEA using ClusterProfiler, we found both shared and unique gene sets and pathways for mice with wtHTT overexpression compared to mice with mHTT overexpression. (lu.se)
  • Multiple biosynthetic pathways such as sterol synthesis were among the top shared processes, where both unique and shared genes constituted leading-edge subsets. (lu.se)
  • to other RNAs may initiate epige- cleus pathways. (who.int)
  • Efforts to identify cancer-causing mutations usually focus on mutations that involve known genes, ignoring mutations that occur in other regions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Blue squares indicate phenotypes directly attributed to mutations/alleles of this gene. (jax.org)
  • Gene mutations: missense versus nonsense mutations, insertions, deletions and frameshifts. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • Mutations in two genes, CBP (CREBBP) and EP300 , have been identified in affected individuals. (medscape.com)
  • Disruption of the human CBP gene, either by gross chromosomal rearrangements or by point mutations, leads to Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • Point mutations and small deletions or insertions of the CBP and EP300 genes 3,18,19, as well as deletions and duplications 41000 bp in length to megabases, have been shown to lead to Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • [ 12 ] reported EP300 gene mutations in 3 (3.3%) of 92 patients with either true Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome or different syndromes resembling Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • In 90% of the cases, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome is associated with mutations in the Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome ( SBDS ) gene located on chromosome 7. (medscape.com)
  • skeletal abnormalities and gene mutations are not a requirement to confirm the diagnosis. (medscape.com)
  • Also, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome has been associated with mutations in the SBDS gene, located on chromosome 7. (medscape.com)
  • RefAuthors Nagarajan, U. M., Peijnenburg, A., Gobin, S. J., Boss, J. RefAuthors M., van den elsen, P. J. RefTitle Novel mutations within the RFX-B gene and partial rescue RefTitle of MHC and related genes through exogenous class II RefTitle transactivator in RFX-B-deficient cells. (lu.se)
  • In the autosomal dominant form, mutations in the RNA component of telomerase ( TERC ) or telomerase reverse transcriptase ( TERT ) are responsible for disease phenotype. (medscape.com)
  • therefore, mutations on this gene cause both telomeric and nontelomeric causes of DKC. (medscape.com)
  • Analysis of 270 families in the DKC registry found that mutations in dyskerin ( DKC1 ), TERT , and TERC only account for 64% of patients, with an additional 1% due to NOP10 , suggesting that other genes associated with this syndrome are, as yet, unidentified. (medscape.com)
  • Although the majority of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) for the gene expression traits in the two environments are shared and have similar effects, analysis of the environment-specific eQTLs reveals enrichment of binding sites for two transcription factors. (nature.com)
  • Alterations in expression include metabolic genes (CYP11B1, MGMT), cell cycle control and DNA repair genes (GADD45, Cyclin G2, Cyclin D3, Cyclin A) and transcription factors (IF2, IF3). (cdc.gov)
  • Recent ChIP experiments of human and mouse embryonic stem cells have elucidated the architecture of the transcriptional regulatory circuitry responsible for cell determination, which involves the transcription factors OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG. (lu.se)
  • In addition to regulating each other through feedback loops, these genes also regulate downstream target genes involved in the maintenance and differentiation of embryonic stem cells. (lu.se)
  • The switch stabilizes the expression levels of the three genes, and through their regulatory roles on the downstream target genes, leads to a binary decision: When OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG are expressed and the switch is ON, the self-renewal genes are ON and the differentiation genes are OFF. (lu.se)
  • The project aims to elucidate the impact of oxygen levels on the HIF-2α pathway and its target genes in the context of intestinal stemness and tissue renewal. (lu.se)
  • It will extend to the identification and characterization of HIF-2α target genes, with a specific emphasis on their role in modulating the fundamental processes associated with intestinal stemness and tissue renewal. (lu.se)
  • Herein, we present the first evaluation of cationic dendrimers based on 2,2-bis(methylol)propionic acid (bis-MPA) as nonviral vectors for transfection of short interfering RNA (siRNA) in cell cultures. (mdpi.com)
  • These small RNAs, which include microRNA (miRNA) and several classes of small interfering RNAs (siRNA), play important roles in regulating gene expression, heterochromatin formation, and defense against invading viruses. (ttu.edu)
  • Qi X, Bao FS, and Xie Z. (2009) Small RNA Deep Sequencing Reveals Role for Arabidopsis thaliana RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerases in Viral siRNA Biogenesis. (ttu.edu)
  • The backbone of the Arabidopsis endogenous MIR319a micro-RNA was used in a site-directed mutagenesis approach for the generation of artificial micro-RNAs targeting two genes . (bvsalud.org)
  • GXD's primary emphasis is on endogenous gene expression during development. (jax.org)
  • Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a series of endogenous non-coding RNAs with a covalently closed loop structure ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • We describe structure-guided engineering of a CRISPR-Cas9 complex to mediate efficient transcriptional activation at endogenous genomic loci. (cdc.gov)
  • The recruitment of this machinery results in the production of viroid-derived small RNAs (vd-sRNAs) that mediate RNA degradation and DNA methylation of cognate sequences. (degruyter.com)
  • To take a closer look at small RNAs with regulatory potential, the researchers added an extra step to deplete host and pathogen ribosomal RNAs. (genomeweb.com)
  • Based on dual RNA-seq experiments done at five time points during the first day of infection, they uncovered hundreds of new and known small RNAs from Salmonella . (genomeweb.com)
  • Our findings with PinT and other intracellularly induced [small RNAs] illustrate how small perturbations in the infection process, such as dysregulation of a few Salmonella mRNAs, can propagate through the entire host system, potentially leading to different disease outcomes in the context of a whole organism," the researchers concluded. (genomeweb.com)
  • AML has a characteristic dependency on chromatin and transcriptional regulators, which has been discussed in many reviews. (frontiersin.org)
  • There is evidence that circRNAs are specifically expressed in hematological malignancies or certain developmental stages, indicating that circRNAs have considerable regulatory potential by serving as post-transcriptional regulators ( 11 , 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • To this end, we develop models to explain various properties of RNAs, such as the usage of specific processing sites or the expression level of individual isoforms in terms of the combination of binding sites that these RNAs have for various regulators. (unibas.ch)
  • This enabled us to identify novel regulators of RNA processing. (unibas.ch)
  • 2004) Evolution of microRNA genes by inverted duplication of target gene sequences in Arabidopsis thaliana . (ttu.edu)
  • A dynamic RNA loop in an IRES affects multiple steps of elongation factor-mediated translation initiation. (nyu.edu)
  • DNA lesions in transcribed strands block elongation and induce a strong transcriptional arrest. (nih.gov)
  • Moreover, we find that PAF1C promotes RNAPII pause release in promoter-proximal regions and subsequently acts as a processivity factor that stimulates transcription elongation throughout genes. (nih.gov)
  • The aim of this mini-review is to discuss emerging epigenetic roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). (frontiersin.org)
  • Using a newly generated transgenic mouse in which PSCs are specifically labeled, we show that PSCs have a unique molecular signature that includes genes known to play critical roles in PSCs and synapses. (elifesciences.org)
  • It can function as an enzyme, scaffold various subcellular structures, and regulate gene expression through a variety of mechanisms, as well as act as a key component of the protein synthesis and splicing machinery. (cshlpress.com)
  • The Goal of research is to characterize the molecular mechanisms, including identifying genes, which regulate biological processes in crops that effect agronomical performance, postharvest quality and shelf life and yield of processed products made from fruit crops. (purdue.edu)
  • All of these mechanisms negatively affect expression of the gene. (jax.org)
  • Our group is interested in the mechanisms that control gene expression from very early to very late in human life. (unibas.ch)
  • We show that human and chimpanzee cells differentiate in a similar man¬ner and that the difference in interspecies protein abundance is higher than transcript-level differences, suggesting that post-transcriptional mechanisms play a role in the difference between human and chim¬panzee brain development. (lu.se)
  • Taken together, our results suggest that post-transcriptional mechanisms play an important role in the brain both during development and in the adult brain. (lu.se)
  • MiRNAs are approximately 19- to 25-nucleotide estimated about 250,000 and mortality does not appear single-stranded, noncoding RNAs that exist in both to correlate well with prevalence. (cdc.gov)
  • The production, processing and degradation of RNAs is modulated by various protein complexes that recognize short sequence motifs in their targets. (unibas.ch)
  • Using whole-genome quantitative gene expression as a model, here we study how the genetic architecture of regulatory variation in gene expression changed in a population of fully sequenced inbred Drosophila melanogaster strains when flies developed in different environments (25 °C and 18 °C). We find a substantial fraction of the transcriptome exhibited genotype by environment interaction, implicating environmentally plastic genetic architecture of gene expression. (nature.com)
  • In higher eukaryotes, RNAi-dependent heterochromatic silencing appears to play a larger role in germline cells than in primary cells or cell lines, and is only one of the many different forms of gene silencing used throughout the genome, making it more difficult to study. (wikipedia.org)
  • when the first major genome update was published in 2004, the estimated gene count was revised to 24,000 [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) attempt to link genetic variants to nearby genes, relying on standard catalogs of human genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Students will understand the basis of genome maintenance and gene expression, and appreciate the concept of mutation at the level of the genotype and how this manifests at the phenotypic level. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • To date, various genome-scale loss-of-function screening methods have been developed, including approaches employing RNA interference 1 , 2 and the RNA-guided endonuclease Cas9 from the microbial CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat) adaptive immune system 3 , 4 . (cdc.gov)
  • Tiling a given promoter region with several sgRNAs can produce more robust transcriptional activation 9 - 11 , but this requirement presents enormous challenges for scalability, and in particular for establishing pooled, genome-wide GOF screens. (cdc.gov)
  • Their mutagenic potential and gene regulatory effect have shaped the evolution of transcriptional networks involved in development, pluripotency, and inflammation. (lu.se)
  • Based on either 3' end or full-length RNA sequencing data, we infer the relative usage of each poly(A) site in a given terminal exon. (unibas.ch)
  • Shown is a schema of the last 2 exons of a gene, the terminal exon having two potential poly(A) sites. (unibas.ch)
  • In addition, a mutation in the DKC1 gene is also found on exon 15, revealing a duplication, which adds a lysine residue on a polylysine tract on the C-terminus. (medscape.com)
  • Transgenic lines of the third generation were tested by isolating total RNA and by subsequent cDNA synthesis using oligo-dT18 primers and mRNAs as templates. (bvsalud.org)
  • PAF1C is dispensable for TCR-mediated repair, but is essential for recovery of RNA synthesis after UV irradiation, suggesting an uncoupling between DNA repair and transcription recovery. (nih.gov)
  • What shapes eukaryotic transcriptional bursting? (crossref.org)
  • A]s bacterial infections of eukaryotic cells involve two interacting organisms with profoundly different transcriptomes, RNA-seq studies are commonly restricted to either the pathogen or host after their physical separation," the authors wrote. (genomeweb.com)
  • Long non-coding RNA LINC00926 regulates WNT10B signaling pathway thereby altering inflammatory gene expression in PTSD. (nih.gov)
  • These data demonstrate that monocytes exhibit enhanced pro-inflammatory gene expression in hypertensive individuals and identify IL18RAP and LTF as potential novel mediators of human hypertension. (nih.gov)
  • Dyskerin is composed of 514 amino acids and has a role in ribosomal RNA processing and telomere maintenance. (medscape.com)
  • To provide a general introduction to the molecular basis of genetics, how genes are maintained from one generation to the next and how their expression is regulated in various systems. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • The book is thus essential reading for all molecular biologists and biochemists, as well as chemists interested in RNA technology, information storage, or enzyme catalysis. (cshlpress.com)
  • Mitra, S. ( 2014 ) Methods in Molecular Biology, Vol. 1086 (RNA Folding - Methods and Protocols), Chapter 16: 265-288. (nyu.edu)
  • Our study provides a paradigm for a sensitive RNA-based analysis of intracellular bacterial pathogens and their hosts without physical separation, as well as a new discovery route for hidden functions of pathogen genes," senior author Jörg Vogel, a molecular infection biology and infectious diseases researcher at the University of Würzburg, and colleagues wrote. (genomeweb.com)
  • Uni- and multivariate regression analyses of the expression of these genes with mean arterial pressure (MAP) revealed four genes that significantly correlated with MAP in normotensive and/or hypertensive individuals. (nih.gov)
  • Though accepted as the gold-standard for measuring gene expression, this method is lower throughput and not amenable to perform global expression analyses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Subsequent analyses of the small RNA suggest it regulates S. enterica genes involved in cell invasion and survival. (genomeweb.com)
  • After 4 weeks of conversion, we performed global analyses of RNA and protein levels by RNA-sequencing and mass spectrometry. (lu.se)
  • Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes. (nih.gov)
  • A Comprehensive Mouse Transcriptomic BodyMap across 17 Tissues by RNA-seq. (crossref.org)
  • Furthermore, reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR was used to examine the expression levels of circular RNA‑PVT1 (circ‑PVT1), micoRNA‑195‑5p (miR‑195‑5p) and ETS1 in GC tissues and cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Since then, she has been working as a postodoc in Dr. Wassenegger's lab (RLP AgroScience GmbH, AlPlanta) and her main field of interest is RNA-interference (RNAi) and viroid biology in plants. (degruyter.com)
  • In addition to environmental factors, phenotypes can also respond to genetic perturbations in a plastic or homeostatic manner, which characterizes the potential of an organism to express phenotypes when genes mutate. (nature.com)
  • We have hypothesized that butyrate may regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally through global effects on the expression or cytoplasmic trans location of RBPs. (metu.edu.tr)
  • Knowing where RBPs bind gives us the opportunity to investigate the impact of these interactions on the target RNAs. (unibas.ch)
  • DNA testing did not identify a pathogenic variant (mutation) using a multi-gene neurology panel. (jax.org)
  • Landrith (2020) demonstrated in increase of 9.1% in the detection of pathogenic variants in 18 hereditary cancer genes. (jax.org)
  • When analyzing four closely related hiPSC-CM lines, we show that both AmpliSeq and RNA-seq capture similar global gene expression patterns consistent with known sources of variations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To analyze microarray datasets (34760 variables) and obtain functional implications of differential expression patterns, we used Linear Models for Microarray Data (limma) followed by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) using ClusterProfiler. (lu.se)
  • Moreover, utilizing advanced bioinformatics tools, the project will employ Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) to discern the enrichment patterns of HIF-2α target upregulated genes within the obtained datasets. (lu.se)
  • However, for a discrete number of patients whose results are uninformative, it may be possible to get a more definitive answer about the consequences of a variant using additional methods like RNA sequencing, protein analysis and predictive or functional studies. (jax.org)
  • Subsequent chapters examine riboswitches and ribozymes, establishing what the RNA molecule is capable of alone. (cshlpress.com)
  • RNA sequencing is beginning to show promise for understanding how a DNA variant may disrupt the normal transcription to RNA, post-transcriptional modifications, or the subsequent protein structure. (jax.org)
  • However, a growing body of evidence suggests that recruitment, stability, and function of epigenetic factors can be mediated by non-protein-coding RNAs. (frontiersin.org)
  • Many software packages that analyze RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) experiments, which measure gene expression, rely on a database of known genes and cannot measure genes or splice variants unless they are included in the database. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the present study, artificial micro-RNAs were used to decrease the transcript level of two genes , AtExpA8 (encoding an expansin) and AHL25 (encoding an AT-hook motif nuclear localized protein ) in Arabidopsis thaliana . (bvsalud.org)
  • As one of the most widely used tools for transcriptome profiling, quantification of differential gene expression has played a pivotal role in the identification of pathway and gene-network interactions [ 1 - 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For example, 11% of VUS in hereditary cancer genes are splice site variants (Karam 2019). (jax.org)
  • Stochastic models of gene transcription with upstream drives: exact solution and sample path characterization. (crossref.org)
  • The purpose of our study was to use an unbiased approach to determine whether hypertensive individuals on conventional therapy exhibit an altered monocyte gene expression profile and to perform validation studies of selected genes to identify novel therapeutic targets for hypertension. (nih.gov)
  • pp)pGpp induction resulted in the downregulation of many genes involved in protein and RNA/DNA metabolism. (nih.gov)
  • Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular human pathogen that exhibits stage-specific gene transcription throughout a biphasic developmental cycle. (plos.org)
  • Building on such data, we have proposed the first biophysical model of miRNA-target RNA interaction , a model that predicts the affinity of such interactions with high accuracy . (unibas.ch)
  • This technology could be used to prevent the expression of exogenous and invading genes posing a threat to the normal cellular physiology of the host plant . (bvsalud.org)
  • The expression of central genes of the oxidative stress response protects the bacteria from anticipated ROS stress derived from PSMs or exogenous sources. (nih.gov)
  • The signature of our top screening hits is significantly correlated with gene expression data from clinical melanoma samples. (cdc.gov)
  • Scientists have been attempting to estimate the number of human genes for more than 50 years, dating back to 1964 [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One striking feature of most early attempts to catalog all human genes was their lack of precision. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As we reported in 2010, the estimates of the human gene count at that time averaged ~ 22,500 genes [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The human gene list has a tremendous impact on biomedical research. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The creation of a more complete, accurate human gene catalog will have an impact on many of these studies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As part of the creation of a human gene list, we must first define what is meant by the term "gene. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We conducted a glob- ing to prevent skew in the results due to bias in CyDye al transcriptional analysis of human glioblastoma cell incorporation. (cdc.gov)
  • The Ion AmpliSeq™ Transcriptome Human Gene Expression Kit (AmpliSeq) was recently introduced by Life Technologies as a whole-transcriptome, targeted gene quantification kit to overcome these limitations of RNA-seq. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We analyzed standard reference RNA samples and RNA samples obtained from human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Explore the normal functions of human genes and the health implications of genetic changes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Transcriptional changes in normal human liver cells exposed to tetrachloroethylene metabolite using microarray analysis. (cdc.gov)
  • Studies have been conducted in our laboratory to determine whether exposure to TCA causes alterations in expression of cancer related genes in cultured human cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Biotin labeled cRNA transcript was synthesized using cDNA, fragmented and hybridized to HuGeneFL GeneChip probe arrays representing more than 6800 human genes and expressed sequence tags. (cdc.gov)
  • We also synthesize a library consisting of 70,290 guides targeting all human RefSeq coding isoforms to screen for genes which, upon activation, confer resistance to a BRAF inhibitor. (cdc.gov)
  • pendent of those associated with cretory ducts, columnar epithelia the KRAS gene is more frequent- other key mechanistic characteris- lining the gastrointestinal tract and ly mutated in human cancer, which tics of IARC Group 1 carcinogens. (who.int)
  • Although more and animals and plants and regulate gene/protein expression more progressions have been made about the through direct complementarity between their 5' region pathogenesis of asthma in recent years, the increasing and the 3' untranslated region of target mRNAs. (cdc.gov)
  • The ssRNA(+), likely transferred into the nucleolus, is finally processed by a type III RNase and a DNA LIGASE into unit-length circular RNAs (8) ( Figure 1 ). (degruyter.com)
  • The early chapters of the book analyze the role of RNA in the first life forms and the appearance of cells. (cshlpress.com)
  • From DNA to RNA: the structure and function of the gene, promoters and terminators. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • Genetic variance in expression increases at 18 °C relative to 25 °C for most genes that have a change in genetic variance. (nature.com)
  • A better gene list may also help to explain the genetic causes of the many complex diseases that have thus far remained largely unexplained, despite hundreds of large GWAS and other experiments. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genetic alterations of EPHA/EFNA in breast cancer varied from 1.1% to 10% for individual genes, as determined by the cBioPortal database. (hindawi.com)
  • A heterozygous mutation was found on the conserved telomere maintenance component 1 gene ( CTC1 ). (medscape.com)
  • Presumably, this process involves the interaction between the host's bromodomain-containing viroid RNA-binding protein 1 (VIRP1) and the viroid's TR domain (6). (degruyter.com)
  • The target interaction between miR‑195‑5p and circ‑PVT1 or ETS1 was predicted through bioinformatics analysis, and verified by dual‑luciferase reporter gene assay. (spandidos-publications.com)