Transcriptional analysis implicates endoplasmic reticulum stress. Medical search. Frequent questions

Atherosclerosis is a chronic vascular inflammatory disease associated to oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. (hindawi.com)
Therefore, with the aim to summarize the current knowledge on the initiation of the atherosclerotic process, in this paper, we review the early markers of atherosclerosis and we address the main therapeutic targets for preventing atheroma formation at its very initial stages focusing on inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and the interaction between platelets and endothelium. (hindawi.com)
Several types of cellular stress, including hypoxia ( 8 ), infection ( 9 ), nutrient deprivation ( 10 ), oxidative stress ( 11 ) and dysfunctional calcium homeostasis ( 12 ), may induce accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER lumen. (spandidos-publications.com)
One important heat shock protein is discussed further in the blog entry HSP70 to the rescue The relatively recent blog entries Mitohormesis and Radiation hormesis define hormesis in more detail and discuss it as it relates to mitochondrial oxidative stress and stress induced by radiation. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
In this review we deal in the molecular mechanisms, the epigenetic effects and modulation of the oxidative stress pathway of ketogenic diets, that underlie its possible role, in the treatment of infantile gliomas, as a complementary approach to conventional cancer therapy. (frontiersin.org)
In addition, we found that isolated islets from Chop -/- mice displayed increased expression of UPR and oxidative stress response genes and reduced levels of oxidative damage. (jci.org)
These findings suggest that CHOP is a fundamental factor that links protein misfolding in the ER to oxidative stress and apoptosis in β cells under conditions of increased insulin demand. (jci.org)
Oxidative stress and amplified redox signaling contribute to the pathogenesis of many human diseases including atherosclerosis. (cysteineprotease-receptor.com)
The superoxide-generating phagocytic NADPH oxidase is a key source of oxidative stress in the developing atheroma. (cysteineprotease-receptor.com)

The present study investigated the effects of GSK2606414 on proliferation, apoptosis, and the expression of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), CCAAT/enhancer‑binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. (spandidos-publications.com)
These interacting partners play important roles in various biological processes such as transcriptional regulation, vesicular transport and apoptosis as well as in signaling pathways such as MAPK, mTOR signaling and NOD-like receptor signaling 22 , 23 . (nature.com)
Chronic ER stress promotes apoptosis, at least in part through the UPR-induced transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). (jci.org)
Insulin treatment in wild-type cells activated normal endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) response programs, while PIK3CA H1047R cells activated programs necessary to avoid ERS-induced apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)

It has been found that upon accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the mRNA of this gene is processed to an active form by an unconventional splicing mechanism that is mediated by the endonuclease inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1). (cancerindex.org)
Here, we demonstrate that the endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1α) and its substrate transcription factor X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) drive NK cell responses against viral infection and tumors in vivo. (cancerindex.org)
In animals, the ER UPR signaling pathway is initiated by three membrane-associated stress sensor proteins: inositol requiring enzyme 1α/β (IRE1), PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), and activating transcription factor 6α/β (ATF6). (cd-biosciences.com)

ER UPR (UPR ER ) instigates transcriptional and translational responses to relieve ER stress. (cd-biosciences.com)
Advances in mass spectrometry-based proteomics have facilitated recent interest in the examination of global protein expression to better understand the biology between transcriptional and translational regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, we identified both temporal and localization changes in expression of DmFKBP12, a translational and transcriptional regulator of Drosophila RyR (DmRyR) and FKBP12, through embryonic development. (biomedcentral.com)

Recent studies indicate that nutrient fluctuations and insulin resistance increase proinsulin synthesis in β cells beyond the capacity for folding of nascent polypeptides within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen, thereby disrupting ER homeostasis and triggering the unfolded protein response (UPR). (jci.org)
One of these PTMs, Nε-lysine acetylation, was thought to occur only in the mitochondria, cytosol and nucleus, but this paradigm was challenged in the past decade with the discovery of lysine acetylation in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). (biologists.com)

Transcriptional regulation plays a crucial role in the cell identity maintenance of cancer cells and cancer-associated cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Transcriptome and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed c-Myc as a new and direct downstream target of XBP1 for regulation of NK cell proliferation. (cancerindex.org)
Besides their canonical roles in translation, tRNAs also originate tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs with regulatory functions ranging from translation regulation to gene expression control and cellular stress response. (mdpi.com)
Many bZIP s may play vital roles in the regulation of organ development, growth, and responses to abiotic stresses. (biomedcentral.com)
It cannot be excluded that the anxiolytic effect of Afobazole is accompanied by up-regulation of Sigma1R chaperone functions, because this drug normalizes the stress-induced down-regulation of reception in benzodiazepine site of GABAA receptor [6]. (epiphanyasd.com)
AMPK regulation has been implicated in the pathophysiology of brain aging, including conditions such as stroke and Alzheimer's disease (AD) [ 2 , 3 ]. (aging-us.com)

GSK2606414 is a novel, highly selective inhibitor of protein kinase R‑like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK). (spandidos-publications.com)
This process activates protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring kinase 1 and activating transcription factor (ATF) 6, and initiates unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathways ( 13 , 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
RNA-Seq analysis and the data from experimental models revealed that neutrophilic NCF1-dependent ROS promoted alcoholic hepatitis (AH) by inhibiting AMP-activated protein kinase (a key regulator of lipid metabolism) and microRNA-223 (a key antiinflammatory and antifibrotic microRNA). (jci.org)

Pathways to ensure proteostasis in different subcellular compartments are defined as unfolded protein responses (UPRs), which have evolved in the cytosol as cytosolic heat shock response (HSR), endoplasmic reticulum as UPR ER and mitochondria as UPR mt . (cd-biosciences.com)
They also interact with mitochondria and have roles in cell death and signal transduction during environmental changes, and also regulate endoplasmic reticulum (ER)- dependent autophagy. (plantae.org)
Mitochondrial porin , also known as the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), is a multi-functional channel protein that shuttles metabolites between the mitochondria and the cytosol and implicated in cellular life and death decisions. (sdbonline.org)

The IRE1 endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor activates natural killer cell immunity in part by regulating c-Myc. (cancerindex.org)
Epithelial cells lining mucosal surfaces of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts uniquely express ERN2/IRE1β, a paralogue of the most evolutionarily conserved endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor ERN1/IRE1α. (jci.org)

ER stress, and activates unfolded protein response (UPR). (cd-biosciences.com)

During EMT, epithelial cells lose apical-basal polarity, tight and adherens junctions in favour of front-back polarity, N-cadherin junctions and vimentin stress fibres 4,5 . (lungdiseasesjournal.com)

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interleukin-23 (IL-23), which belong to the IL-12 family of cytokines, have a key role in intestinal homeostasis and inflammation and are implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. (nature.com)

It is now widely accepted in the field that the normally secreted chaperone clusterin is redirected to the cytosol during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, although the physiological function(s) of this physical relocation remain unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
Whilst CLU is predominantly a secreted protein, multiple independent studies have now clearly established that during conditions of ER stress, CLU secretion is inhibited, and full-length CLU exits the secretory system to enter the cytosol. (biomedcentral.com)
Firstly, the translocation of mature CLU from the ER/Golgi into the cytosol of human astrocytoma U251 cells in response to ER stress was shown by two complementary biochemical and immunofluorescence approaches [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Subsequently it was demonstrated that the ER-resident chaperone BiP (GRP78) facilitates the translocation of CLU to the cytosol during ER stress in human prostate cancer LNCaP cells [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The isoform encoded by the unspliced mRNA, XBP1(U), is constitutively expressed, and thought to function as a negative feedback regulator of XBP1(S), which shuts off transcription of target genes during the recovery phase of ER stress. (cancerindex.org)
NtbZIP18 might be an important regulator in abiotic stress. (biomedcentral.com)
Rett syndrome (RTT) is an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in the transcriptional regulator MeCP2. (biomedcentral.com)

EMT is a dynamic, reversible process which has been implicated in embryonic development, wound healing, cancer metastasis and fibrosis and is associated with an increased migratory and/or invasive ability 4 . (lungdiseasesjournal.com)

In addition, GSK2606414 treatment inhibited eIF2α phosphorylation and reduced CHOP and VEGF mRNA expression levels in RPE cells under TG‑induced ER stress. (spandidos-publications.com)
ERN2 acted by splicing Xbp1 mRNA to expand ER function and prevent ER stress in goblet cells. (jci.org)

they can combine with the promoter regions of key genes in signaling pathways to regulate their transcription levels and, in turn, plant resistance to stress. (biomedcentral.com)
Ingenuity® Pathway Analysis was used to identify significantly affected pathways in the transcriptomic and proteomic data sets. (biomedcentral.com)

Perturbation of ER homeostasis through the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins results in a stress condition, i.e . (cd-biosciences.com)
Similar to ER UPR, the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mito UPR or UPR mt ) is a stress response triggered by the accumulation of deleterious mitochondrial genomes, unfolded or misfolded proteins or damages from reactive oxygen species (ROS). (cd-biosciences.com)
Many proteins are made in a compartment within the cell called the endoplasmic reticulum and 'chaperone' proteins help them fold correctly. (elifesciences.org)
This leads to an increase in the number of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and so the cell increases the levels of chaperone proteins to cope with this. (elifesciences.org)
Various studies have shown the recruitment of lncRNAs with mRNAs in stress granules and with proteins in forming processing bodies. (plantae.org)
The control of nuclear localization via phosphorylation and dephosphorylation serves as the primary regulatory mechanism for MiT family proteins, and several kinases and phosphatases have been identified to directly determine the transcriptional activities of MiT proteins. (molcells.org)
Since the UPS is also responsible for the degradation of ER proteins we investigated the effect of ER stress on the functionality of the UPS. (5dok.org)

Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the bZIP transcription factor family genes in response to abiotic stress in Nicotiana tabacum L. (biomedcentral.com)
The transcription of XBP1-dependent genes improves the protein-folding capacity of ER and thus relieves ER stress. (cd-biosciences.com)
To address that issue, translatome analysis [ 18 ] has been applied to identify sex-specific genes expressed during pollination, but this strategy needed large amounts of tissues from a transgenic line expressing tagged ribosomes in pollen and fine techniques of biochemistry. (biomedcentral.com)
These transcriptional factors belong to the basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper (bHLH-LZ) transcription factor family and bind the E-box DNA motifs in the promoter regions of target genes to enhance transcription. (molcells.org)

RNA-Seq analyses demonstrated that neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 (NCF1), a key factor in controlling neutrophilic ROS production, was upregulated and correlated with hepatic inflammation and disease progression. (jci.org)

A number of studies have implicated EGFR activation 16-18 , mutations 19 and increased expression 20 in IPF patients. (lungdiseasesjournal.com)

We have examined in this study whether or not increased expression of clusterin is able to protect neuronal cells against intracellular protein aggregation and cytotoxicity, characteristics that are strongly implicated in a range of neurodegenerative diseases. (biomedcentral.com)

Previous studies have shown that the bZIP TF family is involved in plant growth, development, and stress responses. (biomedcentral.com)
Finally, they address the many questions that remain to understand the OPDS pathway and its contributions to plant physiology and stress responses. (plantae.org)
This review is a great resource on how mammalian lncRNAs affect spatiotemporal responses of cytoplasmic organelles during stress condition. (plantae.org)
This review will update the current knowledge about EBV miRNAs implicated in host immune responses. (ijbs.com)

ER Stress and Protein Misfolding in Autism (and IP3R again) and perhaps what to do about it - Activation of Sigma-1 Chaperone Activity by Afobazole? (epiphanyasd.com)

We have shown that clusterin directly interacts with TDP-43 in vitro and potently inhibits its aggregation, and observed that in ER stressed neuronal cells, clusterin co-localized with TDP-43 and specifically reduced the numbers of cytoplasmic inclusions. (biomedcentral.com)

it also controls energy homeostasis and stress resistance. (aging-us.com)

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a major mechanism that detects and alleviates protein-folding stresses in the endoplasmic reticulum. (elifesciences.org)

Finally, single nucleus RNAseq in HNKO mice liver determined transcriptional changes that were associated with necrosis. (asbmb.org)

This comparative omics analysis supports previous works indicating widespread CNS dysfunction and may serve as a valuable resource for those interested in cellular dysfunction in RTT. (biomedcentral.com)

Induction of EMT in fibrosis has been linked to a variety of processes including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, smoking, Epstein Barr virus protein LMP1 (latent membrane protein 1) 12-14 and EGF receptor (EGFR) signalling 15 . (lungdiseasesjournal.com)

In a recent article in the Journal of Biological Chemistry , Morten Dall, Anna Hassing and a team at the University of Copenhagen describe how they determined that removing hepatic nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, or NAMPT, the enzyme responsible for NAD+ formation, increases susceptibility to liver injury in diet-induced metabolic stress. (asbmb.org)

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the major subcellular compartment that is involved in protein folding and secretion. (elifesciences.org)

Recently, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has been used to assess transcriptional similarities and differences within a population of cells in cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
Atherosclerosis starts with dysfunctional changes in the endothelium induced by disturbed shear stress which can lead to endothelial and platelet activation, adhesion of monocytes on the activated endothelium, and differentiation into proinflammatory macrophages, which increase the uptake of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and turn into foam cells, exacerbating the inflammatory signalling. (hindawi.com)
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a continuous membrane system within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. (cd-biosciences.com)
ARPE‑19 human RPE cells were treated with 0.01‑50 µM GSK2606414, and ER stress was induced by thapsigargin (TG) treatment. (spandidos-publications.com)
A later 2009 blog entry Hormesis and age retardation started out by saying "An important approach to retarding aging that I have not discussed explicitly so far is hormesis , challenging cells and body systems by mild stress resulting in them becoming stronger and resistant to aging( ref ). (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
Immunohistochemistry analyses of explanted livers identified two SAH phenotypes despite a similar clinical presentation, one with high intrahepatic neutrophils (Neuhi), but low levels of CD8+ T cells, and vice versa. (jci.org)
The transcriptional changes induced by insulin in PIK3CA H1047R cells were rescued by knockdown of Viperin, while Viperin OE alone was insufficient to induce a DGE response to insulin, suggesting that Viperin is necessary but not sufficient for the synergistic effect of PIK3CA H1047R and insulin treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
We also showed that in Drosophila photoreceptor cells, clusterin co-expression gave ER stress-dependent protection against proteotoxicity arising from both Huntingtin-Q128 and mutant (R406W) human tau. (biomedcentral.com)

We report an unanticipated transcriptional activity triggered in stigma upon incompatible pollination and show that following compatible interaction, components of the pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) pathway are induced on the female side. (biomedcentral.com)

In a study recently published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry , Charlotte B. Spliid of the University of California, San Diego, and Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark, and an international teamperformed structural analysis of ofCS and found that both placenta- and tumor-derived ofCS had high N-acetylgalactosamine 4-O-sulfation levels. (asbmb.org)
This proposal describes a revolutionary biological analysis technology which has the potential to profoundly change the face of clinical medicine and beyond. (nih.gov)

Furthermore, in this chapter, we provide a protocol for mitochondrial enrichments from Drosophila larvae and flies together with a procedure to generate high-quality peptides for further analysis by mass spectrometry. (biomed.news)

Although the precise underlying mechanisms of AMD are not fully understood, numerous lines of evidence have indicated that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress contributes to the etiology of RPE cell damage and neovascularization formation ( 5 - 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Hormesis is a process through which moderate stress induces a body response that is protective against insults, confers health and possibly even longevity benefits. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)

Furthermore, ATF4 serves an important role in VEGF expression under hypoxia or chemical stress ( 17 , 18 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

SILAF is based on standard fly routines in a basic wet lab environment and provides a flexible and cost-effective tool for quantitative protein expression analysis. (biomed.news)

The researchers used mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis to determine that supplementation with the NAD+ precursors nicotinamide riboside and nicotinic acid prevented liver injury and rescued hepatic levels of oxidoreductases. (asbmb.org)

ER stress and angiogenesis. (cd-biosciences.com)

Analyses of individual fungal species did not show significant associations with asthma outcomes when adjusted for false discovery rates. (cdc.gov)

We found that ER stress compromises the UPS though not fully blocks its function. (5dok.org)

On a more macroscopic level it could represent the amount of whole-body radiation received due to an exposure event or to the amount of exposure to carbon monoxide or to stress due to being at high altitude (hypoxia). (anti-agingfirewalls.com)

We further showed that the expression of TDP-43 in transgenic Drosophila neurons induced ER stress and that co-expression of clusterin resulted in a dramatic clearance of mislocalized TDP-43 from motor neuron axons, partially rescued locomotor activity and significantly extended lifespan. (biomedcentral.com)

Furthermore, stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), a transcriptional target of SREBP1, mediates the ferroptosis-suppressing activity of SREBP1 by producing monounsaturated fatty acids. (biomed.news)

In the third axis, ER stress triggers the dissociation of GRP78 from ATF6, which leads to the relocalization of ATF6 to Golgi apparatus and it gets processed by S1P and S2P protease to generate ATF6f (p50). (cd-biosciences.com)

Finally, a multi-omics data analysis to characterize molecular alterations associated with LPRI was performed from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. (biomedcentral.com)
Transcriptional program dysregulation is a hallmark of cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
Understanding how transcriptional programs control different cell states and cell types in the cancer ecosystem will provide opportunities for therapeutic benefits in cancer. (biomedcentral.com)

A hormetic response to a stress not only maintains a functional internal environment but also improves it. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)

They focus on Sigma1-R receptors modulating NMDA-based neurotransmission, but there seem to many possible further effects within the Endoplasmic Reticulum that relate specifically to autism. (epiphanyasd.com)

Work on corals in American Samoa and Palau has identified corals more resilient to heat stress. (stanford.edu)

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