AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation ScienceHealth Care
DNA-Directed RNA PolymerasesTranscription, GeneticTranscription FactorsRNA Polymerase IIRNARNA Polymerase IDNA-Directed DNA PolymeraseRNA Polymerase IIIMolecular Sequence DataBase SequenceAmanitinsTemplates, GeneticRNA, ViralRNA, Small InterferingRNA, MessengerPromoter Regions, GeneticAmino Acid SequenceRNA ReplicaseDNARNA VirusesRNA, RibosomalBinding SitesEscherichia coliMutationGene Expression RegulationCell NucleusSaccharomyces cerevisiaeRNA, BacterialProtein BindingRNA SplicingCell LineDNA Polymerase IHeLa CellsDNA Polymerase IIBacteriophage T7DNA-Binding ProteinsRNA EditingSp1 Transcription FactorRNA, Double-StrandedNucleic Acid ConformationRNA InterferenceDNA ReplicationTranscriptional ActivationPlasmidsKineticsTranscription Initiation SiteNuclear ProteinsTATA-Box Binding ProteinTrans-ActivatorsDNA Polymerase IIIRepressor ProteinsSequence Homology, Amino AcidCloning, MolecularRNA, FungalSaccharomyces cerevisiae ProteinsChromatinModels, MolecularSequence AlignmentConserved SequenceProtein Structure, TertiaryTranscription Factor TFIIBTransfectionBacteriophage T3Transcription Factor TFIIDNucleotidesRNA, PlantModels, GeneticRNA, Small NuclearTATA BoxSequence Homology, Nucleic AcidBacterial ProteinsRNA, TransferRecombinant Fusion ProteinsDNA Polymerase betaTranscriptional Elongation FactorsGene Expression Regulation, BacterialGenesAlpha-AmanitinSignal TransductionDNA, ViralMacromolecular SubstancesCells, CulturedCell NucleolusTranscription Factor AP-1Transcription Factors, TFIIGenes, ReporterMutagenesisSTAT3 Transcription FactorNucleic Acid HybridizationProtein SubunitsReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionGene Expression Regulation, FungalRNA, AntisenseOperonVirus ReplicationBase PairingRNA-Directed DNA PolymeraseHistonesRecombinant ProteinsFungal Proteins
ProteinsGenesSynthesisBindsMRNAMoleculesRibosomalNucleotidesPromotersEukaryoticEnzymeNucleicElongation complexEnzymesSubunitDetectionVitroNascentTranscriptsAssaysChain reactionMolecularReverse transcriptionChromatinGene ExpressionModulatesMammalianBacterialMessenger RNAOligonucleotideZikaBiologicalSequenceQuantificationInitiationNucleosomeProteinHoloenzymeBacteriophageSingle-strandedPromoter recognitionUpstreamCDNAGenotypeInteractionsChloroplastFactorsComplexClinicalMechanismsSplice sitesDetectionsInfection
Proteins18
  • 1 day to culture combined with real-time reverse transcription-poly- reliably detect poxvirus proteins with specific antibodies. (cdc.gov)
  • Ribosomes consist of ribonucleic acids (RNAs) and proteins. (europa.eu)
  • The ribosomal proteins are produced in a two-step process, the first being transcription by Pol II. (europa.eu)
  • In addition, this subunit interacts with the transcription factor CREB, which has a glutamine-rich activation domain, and binds to other proteins containing glutamine-rich regions. (antikoerper-online.de)
  • Silencing at mating locus HMR requires silencers, and one of the roles of the silencer is to recruit Sir proteins. (sdbonline.org)
  • Many proteins involved in eukaryotic transcription are similar in function and in sequence between organisms. (embl.de)
  • Plasmid preparations can be contaminated with host DNA, RNA, and proteins. (bioprocessintl.com)
  • DDX5 is required for cell proliferation by controlling the transcription of genes expressing DNA replication proteins in cancer cells in which the DDX5 locus is amplified, and this has uncovered a dependence on DDX5 for cell proliferation. (aacrjournals.org)
  • We have learned that genes in mammalian cells are transcribed into messenger RNAs (mRNAs), which are to be translated into polypeptides (proteins). (intechopen.com)
  • Recent breakthroughs have uncovered more and more DNA replication licensing machinery proteins (ORC, Cdc6, Cdt1, geminin, etc.) functioning in other cell cycle events, including centrosome replication, mitotic events, transcription and so on. (intechopen.com)
  • More than 80% of RNA in most cells consists of rRNA rRNAs and dozens of ribosomal proteins form ribosomes. (freezingblue.com)
  • The heterochromatin-enriched HP1 proteins play a critical role in regulation of transcription. (cipsm.de)
  • The co-chaperone Hep1 is required to prevent the aggregation of mitochondrial Hsp70 proteins. (cipsm.de)
  • This process is carried out by the human spliceosome machinery, in which over 300 proteins sequentially assemble with uridine-rich small nuclear RNA molecules (U snRNAs) to form distinct small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complexes (snRNPs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In order to form an open promoter complex and begin transcription, σ54-RNA polymerase utilizes enhancer binding proteins as activators. (syr.edu)
  • These proteins are important components in the machinery that regulates transcription of M. xanthus developmental genes. (syr.edu)
  • RNA-binding proteins play crucial roles in the regulation of gene expression, and understanding the interactions between RNAs and RBPs in distinct cellular conditions forms the basis for comprehending the underlying RNA function. (bvsalud.org)
  • Both genes are highly conserved, and their proteins are thought to have 2 functions: (1) formation of a bridge or scaffold between the DNA-binding transcription factors and the RNA polymerase II complex and (2) serving as histone acetyltransferases that open the chromatin structure, a process essential for gene expression. (medscape.com)
Genes15
  • The PEP enzyme recognizes the -10 and -35 cis -elements, similar to those found in bacterial promoters whereas the NEP enzyme recognizes the YRTA-motif, which can also be found upstream of several genes with PEP promoters indicating that these genes can be transcribed by both polymerases ( Pfannschmidt and Liere, 2005 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Transcription is crucial not only in keeping each cell alive, but also in determining which of the 30,000 genes in every human cell will be used and thus whether a cell will become a muscle cell, a nerve fiber or any of the myriad other types required by a complex organism. (chicagotribune.com)
  • Studies of genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) have shown that open and closed chromatin structures are dynamically regulated through multiple mechanisms, including histone modifications, histone variant incorporation, and DNA methylation (reviewed in reference 17 ). (asm.org)
  • Genome-wide studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae , for example, have revealed that promoters of most actively transcribed genes are depleted of nucleosomes and that histone density is inversely proportional to the transcription rate within coding regions, suggesting that nucleosomes are dynamically disassembled and reassembled at each passage of the polymerase ( 16 ). (asm.org)
  • Synthetic antisense RNAs are used to effect the functioning of specific genes for investigative or therapeutic purposes. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • Swr1 is required for the deposition of histone H2AZ at specific chromosome locations in vivo, and Swr1 and H2AZ commonly regulate a subset of yeast genes. (sdbonline.org)
  • DBC1 functions as a coactivator for AR-V7 and is required for the expression of AR-V7 target genes including CDH2, a mesenchymal marker linked to CRPC progression. (cancerindex.org)
  • Human transcription factor IIIC (hTFIIIC) is a multisubunit complex that mediates transcription of class III genes through direct recognition of promoters (for tRNA and virus-associated RNA genes) or promoter-TFIIIA complexes (for the 5S RNA gene) and subsequent recruitment of TFIIIB and RNA polymerase III. (embl.de)
  • The bacterial activator protein NorR binds to enhancer-like elements, upstream of the promoter site, and activates 54-dependent transcription of genes that encode nitric oxide detoxifying enzymes (NorVW), in response to NO stress. (strath.ac.uk)
  • These signals help M. xanthus cells coordinate transcription of developmentally regulated genes. (syr.edu)
  • KANSAS CITY, MO-Just like orchestra musicians waiting for their cue, RNA polymerase II molecules are poised at the start site of many developmentally controlled genes, waiting for the "Go! (stowers.org)
  • Published in the July 15, 2011, issue of Genes and Development , their study not only assigns a new role to the SEC, but also emphasizes the importance of transcription elongation control for the rapid induction of genes in response to developmental and environmental cues. (stowers.org)
  • Transcriptional control by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is a tightly orchestrated, multistep process that requires the concerted action of a large number of players to successfully transcribe the full length of genes. (stowers.org)
  • However, the function of SEC in our cells is not to give us leukemia, but rather to regulate transcription of developmentally regulated genes, and therefore, we tried to learn more about the normal biological function of SEC. (stowers.org)
  • This observation suggests that for some genes a continuous intron transcript is not required for pre-mRNA splicing in vivo. (ox.ac.uk)
Synthesis8
  • The T7 polymerase also requires a double stranded DNA template and Mg2+ ion as cofactor for the synthesis of RNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • T7 RNA polymerase is used in the synthesis of mRNA and sgRNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • After second- strand cDNA synthesis, T7 RNA polymerase was used to generate aRNA. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • In vitro synthesis of RNA requires a purified DNA plasmid, purified RNA polymerase, metal-ion enzyme cofactors, and raw-material nucleotides. (bioprocessintl.com)
  • The HiScribe T7 mRNA Kit with CleanCap Reagent AG utilizes an optimized RNA synthesis formulation and trinucleotide cap analog technology for co-transcriptionally capping mRNAs that contain a natural Cap-1 structure in a single simplified reaction without compromising RNA yield. (neb.com)
  • The RNA synthesis machinery of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) comprises the genomic RNA encapsidated by the viral nucleocapsid protein (N) and associated with the RNA dependent RNA polymerase, the viral components of which are a large protein (L) and an accessory phosphoprotein (P). The 241 kDa L protein contains all the enzymatic activities necessary for synthesis of the viral mRNAs, including capping, cap methylation and polyadenylation. (harvard.edu)
  • The mRNA processing reactions thus serve as a critical check point in viral RNA synthesis which may control the synthesis of incorrectly modified RNAs. (harvard.edu)
  • Reverse transcription is the synthesis of a complementary DNA sequence from an RNA template using reverse transcriptase, which is an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. (medscape.com)
Binds4
  • These explain how T7 polymerase binds to DNA and transcribes it. (wikipedia.org)
  • All organisms-bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes-have a transcription initiation factor that contains a structural module that binds within the RNA polymerase (RNAP) active-center cleft and interacts with template-strand single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in the immediate vicinity of the RNAP active center. (osti.gov)
  • The protein that coordinates these activities is transcription factor IID (TFIID), which binds to the core promoter to position the polymerase properly, serves as the scaffold for assembly of the remainder of the transcription complex, and acts as a channel for regulatory signals. (antikoerper-online.de)
  • A complementary RNA sequence that binds to a naturally occurring (sense) mRNA molecule, thus blocking its translation. (genomicglossaries.com)
MRNA8
  • Because alternative RNA splicing allows different types of mRNA molecules to be created from a single gene, it generates the diversity of protein function and structure that is essential to complex organisms. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • RNA-like oligonucleotides that are complementary to a portion of a target mRNA molecule. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • More specifically, antisense oligonucleotides that are useful as reagents for target validation , or as drugs, are engineered molecules that differ from natural RNA but that have a base sequence that is recognized as being complementary to a very specific mRNA sequence. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • Cap-1 mRNA synthesized from this kit is suitable for many applications, including transfections, microinjections, in vitro translation, preclinical mRNA therapeutic mRNA studies as well as RNA structure and function analysis. (neb.com)
  • The minimal RNA length required for mRNA cap addition was also sufficient for methylation since the 31-nucleotide long transcripts were methylated at both ribose-2'-O and guanine-N-7 positions. (harvard.edu)
  • We use RT-PCR reverse transcription system and the expand high fidelity PCR system to detect spliced XBP1 mRNA, and fraction cells to determine the location of the unconventional splicing of XBP1 mRNA. (mdpi.com)
  • There is an emerging consensus that RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) transcription and pre-mRNA processing are tightly coupled events. (ox.ac.uk)
  • These data underline the close coupling of processes in the initial stages of protein-encoding gene expression and provide evidence for a molecular tether connecting emergent splice sites in the pre-mRNA to transcribing RNA Pol II. (ox.ac.uk)
Molecules4
  • The ods is recommended for frontline diagnostic procedures, copy number of the transcripts was determined by compar- and a positive result obtained by 1 of these methods would ison with in vitro translated RNA molecules that were gen- initiate a confirmation diagnosis. (cdc.gov)
  • A very low copy number of RNA molecules can be detected, thus reducing the sample tissue required for testing. (pathologyoutlines.com)
  • RNA molecules which hybridize to complementary sequences in either RNA or DNA altering the function of the latter. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • This refers to species in which part of the sequence doubles back on itself and forms hydrogen-bonded bridges to complementary sequences on the same molecule and/or with other RNA molecules. (bioprocessintl.com)
Ribosomal4
  • The ribosomal RNAs are produced by RNA polymerases (Pol) I and III during a process called transcription. (europa.eu)
  • However, in collaboration with Drs Ingrid Grummt and Holger Bierhoff from the German Cancer Research Center , Heidelberg, Germany, I found that the mechanism by which Pol I synthesised ribosomal RNA in human cells was different enough from the mechanism used in yeast cells, therefore I could not use the previously exploited approach to deregulate Pol I activity in yeast. (europa.eu)
  • Not too long ago, we found a brand new household of unusually brief RNAs mapping to five.8S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and which we named dodecaRNAs (doRNAs), based on the variety of core nucleotides (12 nt) their members include. (computablegenomix.com)
  • The MTD test uses transcription-mediated amplification to detect M. tuberculosis-complex ribosomal RNA (2). (cdc.gov)
Nucleotides5
  • This transcription initiation-factor structural module preorganizes template-strand ssDNA to engage the RNAP active center, thereby facilitating binding of initiating nucleotides and enabling transcription initiation from initiating mononucleotides. (osti.gov)
  • By reconstitution of transcription in vitro with highly purified recombinant polymerase and engineered templates in which we omitted sites for incorporation of UTP, we found that transcripts that were 30-nucleotides in length were uncapped, whereas those that were 31-nucleotides in length contained a cap structure. (harvard.edu)
  • They compete with endogenous nucleotides (dNTP/NTP) for incorporation into nascent DNA/RNA and inhibit replication by preventing subsequent primer extension. (plos.org)
  • Initially, DNA is taken from the clinical specimen, as well as certain sequence-specific oligonucleotide primers, thermostable DNA polymerase, nucleotides, and buffer. (medscape.com)
  • Finally, nucleotides complementary to the target DNA are added extending each primer by the thermostable DNA polymerase. (medscape.com)
Promoters4
  • swapping it out for one found in T3 RNAP makes the polymerase recognize T3 promoters instead. (wikipedia.org)
  • In biotechnology applications, T7 RNA polymerase is commonly used to transcribe DNA that has been cloned into vectors that have two (different) phage promoters (e.g. (wikipedia.org)
  • a plastid-encoded bacterial-type RNA polymerase (PEP) and a nuclear-encoded phage-type RNA polymerase (NEP), which recognize distinct types of promoters. (frontiersin.org)
  • We identify an important role for DDX5 in G 1 -S-phase progression where it directly regulates DNA replication factor expression by promoting the recruitment of RNA polymerase II to E2F-regulated gene promoters. (aacrjournals.org)
Eukaryotic4
  • Bacterial sigma (σ) elements eukaryotic TFIIB and various other general transcription elements are the principal promoter recruitment elements. (researchatlanta.org)
  • The ssRNAP family is structurally and evolutionarily distinct from the multi-subunit family of RNA polymerases (including bacterial and eukaryotic sub-families). (wikipedia.org)
  • Most eukaryotic mRNAs require a 7-methyl guanosine (m7G) cap structure at the 5´-end and a poly(A) tail at the 3′-end for efficient translation. (neb.com)
  • Mitochondria are essential organelles required for all eukaryotic life on earth. (duke.edu)
Enzyme5
  • The transcription process is carried out by an enzyme called RNA polymerase. (chicagotribune.com)
  • RNA which contains an intron sequence that has an enzyme- like catalytic activity. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • Primers for RT-LAMP or RT-RPA can be designed for specific viral RNA sequences, and the amplification methods are used before the Cas enzyme detection step, to multiply detection signals from the specific nucleic acid sequences. (nature.com)
  • Our model correctly predicts for HIV-1 that resistance against nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) can be conferred by decreasing their incorporation rate, increasing their excision rate, or decreasing their affinity for the polymerase enzyme. (plos.org)
  • We correctly predict that HIV-1 can develop resistance by decreasing NRTI incorporation rate, increasing its excision rate, or decreasing its affinity for the viral polymerase enzyme. (plos.org)
Nucleic5
  • Similar to other viral nucleic acid polymerases, including T7 DNA polymerase from the same phage, the conserved C-terminal of T7 ssRNAP employs a fold whose organization has been likened to the shape of a right hand with three subdomains termed fingers, palm, and thumb. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nucleic acid amplification (NAA) tests, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and other methods for amplifying DNA and RNA, may facilitate rapid detection of microorganisms. (cdc.gov)
  • HIV infection can be diagnosed by antibody, nucleic acid (HIV RNA), or antigen (p24) testing. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Different RNA extraction methodologies, primer/probe design for Nucleic Acid Tests, lack of automation, and overall dearth of standardization across testing laboratories contribute to substantial variability in performance characteristics of research-based and commercial HDV RNA assays. (cdc.gov)
  • Currently, there are three basic types of tests to determine if an individual has been infected with SARS-CoV-2: viral nucleic acid (RNA) detection, viral antigen detection, and detection of antibodies to the virus. (medscape.com)
Elongation complex1
  • An assembly of transcription elongation factors known as Super Elongation Complex, or SEC for short, helps paused RNA polymerases to come online and start transcribing the gene ahead, found researchers at the Stowers Institute for Medical Research. (stowers.org)
Enzymes2
  • RNA in the completed transcription mixture is massively more abundant than the plasmid or enzymes. (bioprocessintl.com)
  • Purity among commercially available polymerase enzymes is variable, and some enzymes are stabilized with bovine serum albumin (BSA). (bioprocessintl.com)
Subunit5
  • T7 polymerase is a representative member of the single-subunit DNA-dependent RNAP (ssRNAP) family. (wikipedia.org)
  • This family is related to single-subunit reverse transcriptase and DNA polymerase. (wikipedia.org)
  • however, ments of the F1L gene, an apoptosis modulator, and the even at these concentrations only the virus family can be rpo 18 gene, the small subunit of viral RNA polymerase ( 1 ) determined, and no additional classification is possible. (cdc.gov)
  • Yeast RNA polymerase II subunit RPB9. (embl.de)
  • The RPB9 subunit of RNA polymerase II regulates transcription elongation activity and is required for the action of the transcription elongation factor, TFIIS. (embl.de)
Detection8
  • The definite diagnosis of the disease requires laboratory detections, such as virus isolation, viral RNA detection by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and serological detections. (usda.gov)
  • Within a detection limit of 42 RNA copies per reaction, SHERLOCK was 100% specific and 100% sensitive with a fluorescence readout, and 100% specific and 97% sensitive with a lateral-flow readout. (nature.com)
  • Quantitative real-time PCR with reverse transcription (RT-qPCR), which measures the quantity of viral RNAs, remains the gold-standard technique for SARS-CoV-2 virus detection 1 . (nature.com)
  • Diagnosis and antiviral treatment response monitoring are based on detection and quantification of HDV RNA. (cdc.gov)
  • A WHO standard for HDV RNA, available for about 10 years, has been used by many laboratories to determine the limit of detection of their assays and facilitates comparisons of RNA levels across study centers. (cdc.gov)
  • Molecular assays for detection of Zika virus RNA are now commercially available under Emergency Use Authorizations (EUAs) issued by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (cdc.gov)
  • Detection of SARS-CoV RNA by a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test validated by CDC and with subsequent confirmation in a reference laboratory (e.g. (cdc.gov)
  • The former was utilized for detection of anti-HCV antibodies while the Before the introduction of screening of latter was used for HCV-RNA detection and blood donors for hepatitis C virus (HCV), subsequent genotyping/subtyping. (who.int)
Vitro1
  • In vitro transcription (IVT) mixtures commonly contain a substantial proportion of incomplete transcripts. (bioprocessintl.com)
Nascent3
  • However, this transcription initiation-factor structural module occupies the path of nascent RNA and thus presumably must be displaced before or during initial transcription. (osti.gov)
  • The structures reveal that-for both the primary σ-factor and extracytoplasmic (ECF) σ-factors, and for both 5'-triphosphate RNA and 5'-hydroxy RNA-the "σ-finger" is displaced in stepwise fashion, progressively folding back upon itself, driven by collision with the RNA 5'-end, upon extension of nascent RNA from ~5 nt to ~10 nt. (osti.gov)
  • They inhibit DNA/RNA polymerization after being incorporated into nascent DNA/RNA, which prevents primer extension. (plos.org)
Transcripts2
  • Recent global analyses of gene transcripts revealed that specific transcription factors (TFs) and their networking systems physiologically correspond to the onset of human diseases, including cancer. (intechopen.com)
  • Sequential assembly of the human spliceosome on RNA transcripts regulates splicing across the human transcriptome. (biomedcentral.com)
Assays5
  • Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assays are molecular tests that can be used to detect viral RNA in clinical samples. (cdc.gov)
  • However, the development of reliable HDV RNA assays is challenged by viral heterogeneity (at least 8 different genotypes and several subgenotypes), intra-host viral diversity, rapid viral evolution, and distinct secondary structure features of HDV RNA. (cdc.gov)
  • We summarize distinct technical features and performance characteristics of available HDV RNA assays. (cdc.gov)
  • Finally, we provide considerations for the use of HDV RNA assays in the context of drug development and patient monitoring. (cdc.gov)
  • Testing for Zika virus infection using real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) molecular assays is now commercially available. (cdc.gov)
Chain reaction8
Molecular6
  • T7 polymerase has a molecular weight of 99 kDa. (wikipedia.org)
  • But in 2001, he and his colleagues published the first molecular snapshot of RNA polymerase in action. (chicagotribune.com)
  • The Taq DNA Polymerase is intended for molecular biology applications. (qiagen.com)
  • Molecular mechanisms of the initiation of transcription from TATA box have been well known as the most essential nuclear events in mammalian cells. (intechopen.com)
  • Such molecular testing laboratories perform under a strict biosafety level (biosafety level-2), which necessitated WHO to procure the required laboratory equipment to maintain strict biosafety levels. (who.int)
  • They were tested for HCV-RNA positivity lence of hepatitis C virus specific antibodies and subsequent HCV-genotyping using an among children with thalassaemia in receipt advanced molecular method. (who.int)
Reverse transcription4
  • For 380 SARS-CoV-2-negative pre-operative samples from patients undergoing surgery, SHERLOCK was in 100% agreement with quantitative PCR with reverse transcription. (nature.com)
  • It can readily be embedded in extended models of the complete HIV-1 reverse transcription process, or analogous processes in other viruses and help to guide drug development and improve our understanding of the mechanisms of resistance development during treatment. (plos.org)
  • Retroviruses are enveloped RNA viruses defined by their mechanism of replication via reverse transcription to produce DNA copies that integrate into the host cell's genome. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A cross-sectional study was done on 559 jected to reverse transcription using reverse thalassaemic children ranging from 2-10 transcriptase from avian myeloblastosis years. (who.int)
Chromatin4
  • Chromatin also regulates Pol I transcription, although its mechanistic details are less understood. (asm.org)
  • These results describe a novel pathway for regulating transcription using variant histones to modulate chromatin structure (Santisteban, 2000). (sdbonline.org)
  • DBC1 is required for recruitment of AR-V7 to its target enhancers and for long-range chromatin looping between the CDH2 enhancer and promoter. (cancerindex.org)
  • In the nucleus, actin has been linked to many processes that regulate gene expression, such as transcription factor regulation, RNA polymerase function and chromatin remodeling, as well as to DNA damage response. (helsinki.fi)
Gene Expression4
  • RIP140 is required for ERα-complex formation, ERα-mediated gene expression, and ERα-dependent breast cancer cell proliferation. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Endogenous antisense RNAs function as regulators of gene expression by a variety of mechanisms. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • This dynamic organization is required for essential nuclear processes, such as gene expression and maintenance of genomic integrity. (helsinki.fi)
  • Competition for PRPF8 availability alters the transcription-coupled splicing of RNAs in which weak 5′ splice sites predominate, enabling diversification of human gene expression during biological processes like mitosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Modulates1
  • It modulates RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription. (nih.gov)
Mammalian1
Bacterial2
  • In contrast to bacterial RNA polymerases, T7 polymerase is not inhibited by the antibiotic rifampicin. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this paper, we report four sets of crystal structures of bacterial initially transcribing complexes that demonstrate and define details of stepwise, RNA-extension-driven displacement of the "σ-finger" of the bacterial transcription initiation factor σ. (osti.gov)
Messenger RNA2
  • For more than 30 years, Kornberg has been studying a process known as transcription, in which genetic information contained in DNA in a cell's nucleus is translated into messenger RNA. (chicagotribune.com)
  • The messenger RNA then carries the information into the main body of the cell, where it is used as a template by protein-making machinery. (chicagotribune.com)
Oligonucleotide1
  • 87(5): 1663-1667] Specifically, the investigators started by priming whole cerebellar RNA with a synthetic oligonucleotide containing a T7 RNA polymerase promoter sequence. (genomicglossaries.com)
Zika2
  • Although Zika virus RNA has been detected in the pathologic specimens of fetal losses ( 4 ), it is not known if Zika virus caused the fetal losses. (cdc.gov)
  • The full spectrum of outcomes that might be associated with Zika virus infections during pregnancy is unknown and requires further investigation. (cdc.gov)
Biological1
  • WHO has further expanded the testing capability of these 3 laboratories by automating the process of viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) extraction, a vital step in testing before the virus is detected in a biological sample. (who.int)
Sequence1
  • The DNA template must be linear and contain the T7 RNA Polymerase Promoter with the correct orientation in relation to the target sequence to be transcribed, followed by an AG initiation sequence. (neb.com)
Quantification2
  • Its potential for automation has caused it to be used as a presence/absence diagnostic tool even when RNA quantification is not required. (computablegenomix.com)
  • Here we review challenges for robust pan genotype HDV RNA quantification, discuss particular clinical needs and the importance of reliable HDV RNA quantification in the context of drug development and patient monitoring. (cdc.gov)
Initiation5
  • The promoter is recognized for binding and initiation of the transcription. (wikipedia.org)
  • Initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II requires the activities of more than 70 polypeptides. (antikoerper-online.de)
  • TAFs may participate in basal transcription, serve as coactivators, function in promoter recognition or modify general transcription factors (GTFs) to facilitate complex assembly and transcription initiation. (antikoerper-online.de)
  • First, the general TFs (GTFs), including preinitiation complex components TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF, and THIIH, are the primary protein factors that are required for the initiation of transcription from the TATA box (or TATA element), then elongation is executed by RNA polymerase II (RNA pol II) [ 1 ]. (intechopen.com)
  • For many years, the initiation of transcription-the assembly of the basal transcription machinery at the start site-was considered the rate-limiting step. (stowers.org)
Nucleosome1
  • Regulation of nucleosome density is therefore an important mechanism to enable the transcription machinery to access the DNA. (asm.org)
Protein5
  • Jar is required for basal protein targeting and correct spindle orientation in mitotic neuroblasts. (nih.gov)
  • TATA-box binding protein is not required for RNA Polymerase II transcription in mouse embryonic stem cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • RNA-protein multiome approach helps to discover that the posttranscriptional regulation of the translational machinery is crucial for the fidelity of cortical development. (elifesciences.org)
  • Yeast domain II alone is able to bind yeast RNA polymerase II with the same affinity as the full-length TFIIS protein, and this domain was expected to confer the species selectivity. (embl.de)
  • However, current computational methods pose challenges to the cross-prediction of RNA-protein binding events across diverse cell lines and tissue contexts. (bvsalud.org)
Holoenzyme2
  • Domain I also interacts with the transcriptionally active RNA polymerase II holoenzyme and therefore, may have a function unrelated to the previously described transcription elongation activity of TFIIS. (embl.de)
  • Here we show that all three sites are required for NorR-dependent catalysis of open complex formation by 54-RNAP holoenzyme (E54). (strath.ac.uk)
Bacteriophage1
  • T7 RNA Polymerase is an RNA polymerase from the T7 bacteriophage that catalyzes the formation of RNA from DNA in the 5'→ 3' direction. (wikipedia.org)
Single-stranded2
  • Homogeneously labeled single-stranded RNA can be generated with this system. (wikipedia.org)
  • It must be absent from a final product to prevent triggering a toxic cytokine storm and to facilitate proper translation of the single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) ( 1 ). (bioprocessintl.com)
Promoter recognition1
  • Transcription from σ54-promoter elements is dependent upon the transcription factor σ54, which directs RNA polymerase to promoter recognition sites. (syr.edu)
Upstream1
  • NtrC-like activators bind DNA sequences located upstream of σ54-RNA polymerase binding sites and use the energy from ATP hydrolysis to help σ54-RNA polymerase activate transcription. (syr.edu)
CDNA2
  • Researchers at Stanford University used such a method to produce amplified heterogeneous populations of RNA from limited quantities of cDNA. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • Amplified RNA synthesized from limited quantities of heterogeneous cDNA. (genomicglossaries.com)
Genotype1
  • This method of blood transfusions in a teaching hospital is based on a combination of 2 well-esta- in Baghdad and to investigate the HCV blished techniques: the polymerase chain genotype distribution among these patients. (who.int)
Interactions3
  • These 30 amino acids may physically orient domains II and III to support functional interactions between TFIIS and RNA polymerase II. (embl.de)
  • Cloning and characterization of two evolutionarily conserved subunits (TFIIIC102 and TFIIIC63) of human TFIIIC and their involvement in functional interactions with TFIIIB and RNA polymerase III. (embl.de)
  • Moreover, we conduct motif and interpretation analyses to provide fresh insights into the pathological mechanisms underlying RNA-RBP interactions from various perspectives. (bvsalud.org)
Chloroplast1
  • Chloroplast function is required throughout the life cycle of the plant and compromised activity can result in embryo lethality. (frontiersin.org)
Factors7
  • Structure of a conserved domain common to the transcription factors TFIIS, elongin A, and CRSP70. (embl.de)
  • Domain I is conserved in evolution from yeast to human species and is homologous to the transcription factors elongin A and CRSP70. (embl.de)
  • Understanding factors required for DNA replication will enrich our knowledge of this important process and potentially identify vulnerabilities that can be exploited in cancer therapy. (aacrjournals.org)
  • We applied an assay that is loosely based upon the minichromosome maintenance screen conducted in budding yeast ( 1 ) in which we measured the stability of maintenance of an episomal plasmid in human tissue culture cells to screen for new factors required for DNA replication. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Transcription factors are divided into two groups. (intechopen.com)
  • First, histones collaborate with transcription factors to provide for their own removal or structural modification, resulting in gene derepression. (nature.com)
  • Having preloaded Pol II and general transcription factors reduces the number of steps required for productive transcription and allows cells to respond quickly to internal and external signals. (stowers.org)
Complex2
  • The PCAF histone acetylase complex, which is composed of more than 20 polypeptides some of which are TAFs, is required for myogenic transcription and differentiation. (abnova.com)
  • However, σ54-RNA polymerase is trapped in a closed promoter complex and is, therefore, unable to activate transcription. (syr.edu)
Clinical1
  • Drug products combine active pharmaceutical ingredients with excipients in a final formulation for delivery to patients in liquid or lyophilized (freeze-dried) packaged forms - with the latter requiring reconstitution in the clinical setting. (bioprocessintl.com)
Mechanisms1
  • However, our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of AR-V7-driven transcription is limited. (cancerindex.org)
Splice sites1
  • Here, we show that alterations in RNA splicing patterns across the human transcriptome that occur in conditions of restricted cellular PRPF8 abundance are defined by the altered splicing of introns with weak 5′ splice sites. (biomedcentral.com)
Detections1
  • RT-RPA and RT-LAMP are highly sensitive methods, but can suffer from nonspecific amplification under isothermal conditions, leading to false-positive results when used for viral RNA detections. (nature.com)
Infection3
  • CDC's current case definition for laboratory confirmation of MERS-CoV infection requires either a positive rRT-PCR result for at least two specific genomic targets, or a single positive target with sequencing of a second target. (cdc.gov)
  • symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.25,27,30,34 The relationship between SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA shedding and transmission risk is not yet clear. (cdc.gov)
  • RNA) and genotyping is the most reliable randomly and transferred in an ice card indicator for HCV infection and it correlates to the laboratories of Sorin Biomedica, with infectivity, disease progression and Saluggia, Italy. (who.int)