• The elementary unit of chromatin is a nucleosome in which approximately 147 bp DNA is wrapped 1.67 turns around a histone octamer ( Fierz and Poirier, 2019 ). (molcells.org)
  • The nucleosome is the basic packaging unit of chromatin. (aging-us.com)
  • The repeating unit of chromatin is the nucleosome, formed from two histone H2A-H2B dimers and one histone H3-H4 tetramer around which 147 bp of DNA are wrapped [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Collectively, these results establish a general epigenetic mechanism for DELLA-mediated gene repression and reveal details of the chromatin dynamics during transcriptional activation stimulated by GA signaling. (bvsalud.org)
  • The mechanisms effecting establishment, maintenance, and modification of that specific physical conformation of CHROMATIN determining the transcriptional accessibility or inaccessibility of the DNA. (lookformedical.com)
  • In the developing embryo, TFs regulating the assembly/disassembly of transcriptional complexes and ultimately gene expression, are directed by complex extrinsic signalling processes which connect all cells within a multi-cellular organism to their environment. (amegroups.org)
  • These results reveal that paternal DNA methylation is remodeled to match the maternal pattern during zygotic genome reprogramming and suggest existence of a chromatin memory allowing parental allelic-specific methylation to be maintained in the hybrid. (bvsalud.org)
  • Chromatin compaction protects the genome and maintains genomic integrity. (molcells.org)
  • Eukaryotic cells compact their large genome into highly ordered chromatin structures within the nucleus. (aging-us.com)
  • Incorporation of histone variants confers variability to the chromatin and expands the repertoire of epigenetic marks in a functional alphabet that controls genome plasticity and dynamics [ 4 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • In this work, we show that the rice DELLA protein SLENDER RICE1 (SLR1) forms a tripartite complex with Polycomb-repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and the histone deacetylase HDA702 to repress downstream genes by establishing a silent chromatin state. (bvsalud.org)
  • In the similar context of mixed tissues, further analysis reveals that the ALKBH1 protein preferentially binds to genes marked by the chromatin signature and has a function to maintain a high H3K4me3/H3K27me3 ratio by impairing the binding of Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) to the targets, which is required for both the basal and stress-induced expression of the genes. (bvsalud.org)
  • We also studied the roles of other classes of protein kinases (Cla4) and additional post-translational modifications (SUMOylation) in septin complex assembly, formation of different septin-based supramolecular ensembles, disassembly of septin-containing structures, and the function of septin organization in the events required for cell division and membrane septation during cytokinesis. (berkeley.edu)
  • The 48 kDa subunit, RETINOBLASTOMA-BINDING PROTEIN 4, is also a component of several other protein complexes involved in chromatin remodeling. (lookformedical.com)
  • A retinoblastoma-binding protein that is involved in CHROMATIN REMODELING, histone deacetylation, and repression of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION. (lookformedical.com)
  • The repeating structural units of chromatin, each consisting of approximately 200 base pairs of DNA wound around a protein core. (lookformedical.com)
  • We identified transmembrane protein 9 (TMEM9) as a vesicular acidification regulator. (nature.com)
  • As the assembly was carried out in the absence of ATP, this suggests that formation of the holoenzyme from the individual subcomplexes is solely driven by protein-protein interactions at the interface. (upstate.edu)
  • Unlike reversible disassembly, which requires ATP hydrolysis on V 1 to break protein-protein interactions, Oxr1p mediated disassembly of V-ATPase is ATP independent and therefore a novel mode of activity regulation. (upstate.edu)
  • The large ~280-kDa U5 snRNP protein PRPF8 is central to the dynamics of spliceosome assembly [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • They are made of repetitive DNA sequences that are folded into a particular chromatin structure organized by specific DNA-protein interactions. (crcm-marseille.fr)
  • A beta-hairpin comprising the nuclear localization sequence sustains the self-associated states of nucleosome assembly protein 1. (colorado.edu)
  • To examine the involvement of interchromatin granule clusters (IGCs) in transcription and pre-mRNA splicing in mammalian cell nuclei, the serine-arginine (SR) protein kinase cdc2-like kinase (Clk)/STY was used as a tool to manipulate IGC integrity in vivo. (rupress.org)
  • Lipid-specific oligomerization of the Marburg virus matrix protein VP40 is regulated by two distinct interfaces for virion assembly. (uci.edu)
  • Chromatin organization is dynamically altered for diverse DNA metabolic transactions such as replication, transcription, and repair. (molcells.org)
  • Trans -acting splicing factors, pre-mRNA secondary structure and chromatin organization are now known to directly affect alternative splicing decisions [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The dynamic nature of chromatin establishes the access to the genetic material and, as a consequence, influences a large number of biological processes, such as DNA replication, repair and transcription [ 1 , 2 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • Chromatin is highly dynamic, a characteristic that is vital in regulating nuclear processes such as transcription and replication which require access to DNA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Brg1 (Brahma-related gene 1) is an ATPase subunit of SWI2/SNF2-like chromatin-remodeling complexes that enable access of regulatory and effector proteins in transcription, DNA repair and DNA replication. (thermofisher.com)
  • Human HIRA, ASF1a, ASF1b and CAF-1 are evolutionally conserved histone chaperones that form multiple functionally distinct chromatin-assembly complexes, with roles linked to diverse nuclear process, such as DNA replication and formation of heterochromatin in senescent cells. (omicsdi.org)
  • early (replication), late (virion assembly/exit). (expasy.org)
  • Loss-of-function or downregulation of the chromatin regulators impaired SLR1-dependent histone modification and gene repression. (bvsalud.org)
  • ASF1 is a highly conserved histone H3/H4 chaperone that synergizes in vitro with two other histone chaperones, chromatin assembly factor 1 (CAF-1) and histone repression A factor (HIRA), in DNA synthesis-coupled and DNA synthesis-independent nucleosome assembly. (omicsdi.org)
  • In such a crowded molecular picture, recent exciting insights have uncovered the role of histone variants as key regulators of the chromatin structure. (aging-us.com)
  • Nucleosome density shapes kilobase-scale regulation by a mammalian chromatin remodeler. (ucsf.edu)
  • The core spliceosome component PRPF8 is essential for spliceosome assembly through its participation in ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes for splice-site recognition, branch-point formation and catalysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Together, these studies begin to define the molecular determinants of assembly of functionally diverse macromolecular histone chaperone complexes. (omicsdi.org)
  • Proteomic and biochemical analyses show that TMEM9 binds to and facilitates assembly of vacuolar-ATPase (v-ATPase), a vacuolar proton pump, resulting in enhanced vesicular acidification and trafficking. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 3: TMEM9 facilitates assembly of v-ATPase. (nature.com)
  • Biochemical experiments showed that Oxr1p binds and promotes V-ATPase disassembly. (upstate.edu)
  • Journal cover: V-ATPase is regulated by disassembly into soluble V 1 (shown in cyan) and membrane integral V o (shown in gold) subcomplexes. (upstate.edu)
  • May modulate chromatin structure by regulation of nucleosome assembly/disassembly (By similarity). (gao-lab.org)
  • Consequently, H3.3 incorporation and turnover represent an additional layer in the regulation of the chromatin landscape during aging. (aging-us.com)
  • Here, using a CRISPRi screen targeting chromatin factors, we identified the nucleosome-remodeling factor (NURF) subunit BPTF as an essential regulator of AML cell survival. (x-mol.com)
  • However, both the accumulation of splicing factors at sites of pre-mRNA synthesis as well as pre-mRNA splicing are dramatically reduced, demonstrating that IGC disassembly perturbs coordination between transcription and pre-mRNA splicing in mammalian cell nuclei. (rupress.org)
  • A histone chaperone that facilitates nucleosome assembly by mediating the formation of the histone octamer and its transfer to DNA. (lookformedical.com)
  • AlkB homolog1 (ALKBH1) is shown to demethylate DNA adenine methylation (6mA) preferentially from single-stranded or unpaired DNA, while its demethylase activity and function in the chromatin context are unclear. (bvsalud.org)
  • Rapid assembly and disassembly of actin network enables cells to migrate (Cell migration). (wikipedia.org)
  • However, mechanistic details are lacking, and recent studies have implicated ALMS1 in several processes including endosomal trafficking, actin organisation, maintenance of centrosome cohesion and transcription. (springer.com)
  • In the present study, the structural basis of nucleosome assembly activity in P. falciparum was addressed by determining and analysing the crystal structure of smaller NAP in the parasite called PfNapS. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Scaffold/matrix attachment regions (S/MARs) are DNA elements that serve to compartmentalize the chromatin into structural and functional domains. (researchgate.net)
  • We provide the first direct determination that ASF1A and ASF1B play a role in the efficiency of nucleosome assembly in vivo in human cells. (omicsdi.org)
  • Experimental enhancement of splice-site strength in mini-gene constructs overcomes the effects of PRPF8 depletion on the kinetics and fidelity of splicing during transcription. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sequential assembly of the human spliceosome on RNA transcripts regulates splicing across the human transcriptome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A family of cellular proteins that mediate the correct assembly or disassembly of polypeptides and their associated ligands. (lookformedical.com)
  • Structure of a human ASF1a-HIRA complex and insights into specificity of histone chaperone complex assembly. (omicsdi.org)
  • In diverse conditions, intrinsic chromatin condensates have liquid-like material properties. (ucsf.edu)
  • Assembly of new virions in nuclear viral factories . (expasy.org)
  • e.g. they bind selectively to DNA, stimulate transcription resulting in tissue-specific RNA synthesis and undergo specific changes in response to various hormones or phytomitogens. (lookformedical.com)
  • ont permis la publication de plus de 370 articles et monographies, dont une 44 en 2020. (u-paris.fr)
  • This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES, mitogen-activated kinases, CYCLINS, and PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASES as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS, and TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS. (lookformedical.com)
  • We also highlight recent studies identifying the cis -regulatory elements such as enhancers at the global level and explain how their developmental activity is regulated by the cooperation of cell-type specific and ubiquitous transcription factors with extrinsic signals. (amegroups.org)
  • The activity of these elements is controlled by transcription factors (TFs) which bind to DNA wrapped into chromatin, leading to the modification of the chromatin landscape, and the assembly of the transcription machinery. (amegroups.org)
  • Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are important chromatin regulators essential for plant tolerance to adverse environments. (bvsalud.org)
  • Along with co-ordinate (location) details of S/MARs, the dataset also revealed details of S/MAR features, namely, length, inter-SMAR length (the chromatin loop size), nucleotide repeats, motif abundance, chromosomal distribution and genomic context. (researchgate.net)
  • Using in vitro and cellular techniques, we present a mVP40 assembly model highlighting two distinct oligomerization interfaces: the (N-terminal domain (NTD) and C-terminal domain (CTD)) in mVP40. (uci.edu)
  • Cellular studies of NTD and CTD oligomerization interface mutants demonstrate the importance of each interface in matrix assembly. (uci.edu)
  • The human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum contains two nucleosome assembly proteins termed PfNapL and PfNapS. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Homeodomain transcription factor that mediates jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated COI1-dependent and abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated PMR4-dependent resistance to infection by necrotrophic fungal pathogens (e.g. (gao-lab.org)
  • Chromatin assembly factor 1. (lookformedical.com)
  • Role of heat shock transcription factor 2 in the NMDA-dependent neuroplasticity induced by chronic ethanol intake in mouse hippocampus. (u-paris.fr)
  • Cell invasion is a crucial step of tumor metastasis , finding new regulators of which offers potential drug targets for cancer therapy. (sdbonline.org)
  • of c Abl signaling to MST kinases more builds the situation that c Abl can be a crucial regulator in neuronal cell death. (aktinhibitor.com)