• HPGD RNA-seq was performed in tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the bZIP transcription factor family genes in response to abiotic stress in Nicotiana tabacum L. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Important regulatory factors, TFs bind to the promoter regions of target genes and activate or inhibit their transcription. (biomedcentral.com)
  • they can combine with the promoter regions of key genes in signaling pathways to regulate their transcription levels and, in turn, plant resistance to stress. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Polyploidization has also increased the number of ELO genes in B. carinata (17) over its progenitors B. nigra (7) and B. oleracea (6). (nature.com)
  • String-based protein-protein interaction analysis suggested that bZIP53, a transcription factor might be involved in the activation of transcription of ELO / KCS genes. (nature.com)
  • The presence of biotic and abiotic stress-related cis-regulatory elements in the promoter region suggests that both KCS and ELO genes might also play their role in stress tolerance. (nature.com)
  • Analyzing 5′-upstream non-protein-encoding regions of the human mitochondrial function-associated genes, we speculate that mitochondrial functions could be recovered or improved at a transcriptional level. (intechopen.com)
  • In response to AR activation, MYC binding was enriched at the promoters of AR target genes involved in translation and cell-cycle progression. (aacrjournals.org)
  • in response to androgen, HER2 promoted the phosphorylation and degradation of MAD1 via phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling, enabling increased dimerization of MYC and MAX proteins at the promoters of AR target genes. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Inhibition of AR or HER2 signaling diminished this interaction and impaired MYC recruitment to gene promoters, and MYC depletion reduced the expression of a subset of androgen-regulated genes. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Our data show that the stable knockdown of HIPK2 led to wtp53 misfolding, as detected by p53 immunoprecipitation with conformation-specific antibodies, and that p53 protein misfolding impaired p53 DNA binding and transcription of target genes. (aacrjournals.org)
  • We present evidence that zinc supplementation to HIPK2i cells increased p53 reactivity to conformation-sensitive PAb1620 (wild-type conformation) antibody and restored p53 sequence-specific DNA binding in vivo and transcription of target genes in response to Adriamycin treatment. (aacrjournals.org)
  • 1, 2, 3] Approximately 20% of the genes expressed in human leukocytes are regulated positively or negatively by glucocorticoids. (medscape.com)
  • At the cellular level, the actions of glucocorticoids are mediated by a 94-kd protein, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). The human (h) GR belongs to the steroid/thyroid/retinoic acid superfamily of nuclear receptors and functions as a ligand-dependent transcription factor that regulates the expression of glucocorticoid-responsive genes positively or negatively. (medscape.com)
  • The DNA-binding domain (DBD) of the hGRα corresponds to amino acids 420-480 and contains 2 zinc finger motifs through which the hGRα binds to specific DNA sequences, the glucocorticoid-response elements (GREs) in the promoter region(s) of target genes. (medscape.com)
  • 7. Klein U, Rajewsky K, Küppers R. Human immunoglobulin (Ig)M + IgD + peripheral blood B cells expressing the CD27 cell surface antigen carry somatically mutated variable region genes: CD27 as a general marker for somatically mutated (memory) B cells. (southernbiotech.com)
  • Conserved transcription factor-binding sites within promoter regions of human RON genes were then searched. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • 2 , 3 Viral gene transfer strategies [retroviruses, 4 adenoviruses, 5 adeno-associated viruses, 6 , 7 herpes viruses, 8 lentiviruses, 9 and Epstein-Barr viruses (EBV) 10 ] show by far the highest transfection efficiencies, whereas nonviral vectors are limited in their efficacy to deliver genes. (genengnews.com)
  • Many constitutively active promoters are used to induce overexpression of exogenous genes ( Table 1 ). (genengnews.com)
  • The AP-2 genes are expressed in many human breast cancer cell lines, and critical AP-2-binding sites are present in both the ERBB-2 (HER2/neu) and estrogen receptor promoters. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • 2003). The therapeutic effects of different genes delivered by ment of the hGFAP promoter used here has been extensively studied and lentiviral vectors have been documented in a number of animal found to be up-regulated after several different stimuli both in vitro and models, both in rodents and primates, and examples include delivery in vivo in transgenic mice (Brenner et al. (lu.se)
  • [ 4 ] The 6 genes involved in WS are PAX3 (encoding the paired box 3 transcription factor), MITF (microphthalmia-associated transcription factor), EDN3 (endothelin 3), EDNRB (endothelin receptor type B), SOX10 (encoding the Sry bOX10 transcription factor), and SNAI2 (snail homolog 2), with different frequencies. (medscape.com)
  • These dCas9-activator fusions targeted to the promoter region of endogenous genes can then modulate gene expression 7 - 11 . (cdc.gov)
  • Recombinant HIPKs and DYRK1A are auto-activated and phosphorylate the negative elongation factor SPT5, the transcription factor c-Myc, and the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II, suggesting a direct function in transcriptional regulation. (nature.com)
  • Transcriptional activity of 5-HT 1A receptor promoter containing rs198585630 C/T allele was determined in vitro . (frontiersin.org)
  • We demonstrated that transcriptional activity of 5-HT 1A receptor promoter containing rs198585630 C allele was higher than that of 5-HT 1A receptor promoter containing T allele. (frontiersin.org)
  • The transcriptional activity of 5-HT 1A receptor promoter was stimulated by 30 mW/cm 2 microwave exposure, and rs198585630 C allele was more sensitive to microwave exposure, as it showed stronger transcriptional activation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Once NFAT2 is activated, it exposes nuclear localization sequences, promoting its cytoplasm-to-nuclear translocation and then NFAT2 forms heterodimers with other transcription factors to exert its transcriptional functions [6]. (researchsquare.com)
  • NFAT2, as an important transcriptional promoter, regulates expression of TNF-α, myc proto-oncogene protein (c-myc), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Fas ligand (FasL) and also generates crosstalks with ERK/MAPK pathway and AKT/GSK3b signaling, which achieves its control of the cell fate [7-12]. (researchsquare.com)
  • The present study investigated the methylation of CpG sites in the cyclooxygenase (COX)‑2 promoter via nuclear factor (NF)‑κB transcriptional regulation and elucidated its effect on the COX‑2 transcriptional expression in a ketamine‑induced ulcerative cystitis (KIC) animal model. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Moreover, DNA hypomethylation of the COX‑2 promoter region located from ‑1,522 to ‑829 bp might contribute to transcriptional regulation of COX‑2 expression and induce a pro‑inflammatory response in KIC. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • These mutations primarily point mutations that affect transcriptional control, translation, and splicing of the Hb B gene and gene product [2]. (scirp.org)
  • Ni and colleagues found that transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2), a WNT effector and transcriptional repressor, interacted with FOXA1 and that its binding sites overlapped with FOXA1- and AR-binding sites in molecular apocrine breast cancer cells in the absence of androgen stimulation. (aacrjournals.org)
  • 2004. Activator protein 2alpha associates with adenomatous polyposis coli/beta-catenin and Inhibits beta-catenin/T-cell factor transcriptional activity in colorectal cancer cells. . (oregonstate.edu)
  • Sääf AM, Halbleib JM, Chen X, Tsan Yuen S, Yi Leung S, Nelson WJ, Brown PO "Parallels between Global Transcriptional Programs of Polarizing Caco-2 Intestinal Epithelial Cells In Vitro and Gene Expression Programs in Normal and Colon Cancer. (openwetware.org)
  • Klapholz-Brown Z, Walmsley GG, Nusse YM, Nusse R, Brown PO "Transcriptional program induced by wnt protein in human fibroblasts suggests mechanisms for cell cooperativity in defining tissue microenvironments. (openwetware.org)
  • The proximal 550 bp fragment showed the highest transcriptional activity as determined by a series of 5′-truncated constructs of the promoter. (elsevierpure.com)
  • GATA-1 and PU.1 then initiate the presumed cascade of It governs the erythroid - myeloid lineages and demonstrates both transcriptional changes that culminate in the specification of the commitment as well as priming features [6,7]. (lu.se)
  • Analyses of the human AHR proximal promoter in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells using luciferase assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed multiple specificity protein (Sp) 1 binding sequences that are transcriptional activators in vitro. (umn.edu)
  • However, the proteins needed for transcriptional control have been reported to be immunogenic and there is often a substantial leakage in the systems (Clackson, 2000). (lu.se)
  • Although the current generation of dCas9-based transcription activators is able to achieve up-regulation of some endogenous loci, the magnitude of transcriptional up-regulation achieved by individual single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) 12 typically ranges from low to ineffective 8 - 11 . (cdc.gov)
  • Tiling a given promoter region with several sgRNAs can produce more robust transcriptional activation 9 - 11 , but this requirement presents enormous challenges for scalability, and in particular for establishing pooled, genome-wide GOF screens. (cdc.gov)
  • Sequence analysis showed that several stressrelated cis-acting elements (MBS, CE3, TGA element, and ABRE) were located within the promoter. (edu.pl)
  • Deletion analysis of the promoter, PZmCKS2, suggested that the -999 bp promoter region was required for the highest basal expression of GUS, and the -367 bp sequence was the minimal promoter for ZmCKS2 activation by low temperature, ABA, and MeJA. (edu.pl)
  • Giuliano G, Pichersky E, Malik V, Timko M, Scolnik P, Cashmore A (1988) An evolutionarily conserved protein binding sequence upstream of a plant light-regulated gene. (edu.pl)
  • The bZIP protein sequence contains 2 conserved bZIP domains with a total length of ~ 60-80 amino acids. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We performed electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) using wild-type sequence deriving from Cxcl2 gene promoter and the same sequence bearing a single synthetic 8-oxoG at defined 5′ or 3′ guanine in runs of guanines to mimic oxidative effects. (utmb.edu)
  • C) Enlargement of part of the DBD showing the amino acid sequence (single letter codes) of the 2 zinc fingers and the dimerization loop (in bold). (medscape.com)
  • The keratinocytes in active psoriatic lesions display an altered sequence and altered expression levels of the differentiation markers (2). (medicaljournals.se)
  • Download DNA or protein sequence, view genomic context and coordinates. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Basic sequence-derived (length, molecular weight, isoelectric point) and experimentally-determined (median abundance, median absolute deviation) protein information. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Click "Protein Details" for further information about the protein such as half-life, abundance, domains, domains shared with other proteins, protein sequence retrieval for various strains, physico-chemical properties, protein modification sites, and external identifiers for the protein. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Analysis of the promoter sequence revealed a number of potential binding sites for known transcription factors. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Neither do SARS-related CoVs found in bats, including RaTG13, the virus with the closest overall genome sequence identity with SARS-CoV-2. (virology.ws)
  • Furthermore, when the SARS-CoV-2 furin site was exchanged with the corresponding sequence from SARS-CoV or RaTG13, no cleavage was observed. (virology.ws)
  • Furthermore, using sequence analysis of human genomic DNA, researchers concluded that the amino acids important for catalysis by COX-1 are conserved and are equally important for catalysis by COX-2. (medscape.com)
  • abstract = "The AP-2 transcription factors are required for normal growth and morphogenesis during mammalian development. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • abstract = "Galβ1-3Gal-NAcβ1-4Gal(3-2αNeuAc)β1-4Glcβ1-1Cer (GM1) is one of the most extensively investigated gangliosides that plays critical roles in the development and functions of the nervous system. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Some evidence has indicated 5-HT and its receptors regulate the cognitive functions, including learning and memory ( 4 - 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 (NFAT2) has been reported to regulate the development and malignancy of few tumors. (researchsquare.com)
  • The coordinated regulation of gene expression is required for the transmission and survival of Borrelia burgdorferi in different hosts, and the sigma factor RpoS (sigmaS), as regulated by RpoN (sigma54), has been shown to regulate key proteins in these processes. (usda.gov)
  • Thus, AP-2 proteins may directly regulate the transcription of this growth factor receptor. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • A mechanistic study indicated that HIF-2α might regulate the binding of twist1 to vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) to promote VM formation in pancreatic cancer cells, and that the P1 (-421bp) and P4 (-2110bp) regions of the Twist1 binding sequences are positive regulatory elements for VE-cadherin. (oncotarget.com)
  • Electrophoretic mobility shift assays detected allele-dependent nuclear protein binding in A549 cells for 8 of 21 variants. (cdc.gov)
  • Nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 (NFAT2, also known as NFATc and NFATc1) is an important member of NFAT family which plays a vital role in T cell activation and differentiation [4]. (researchsquare.com)
  • On cell stimulation by a range of stimuli including TNF-α, IL-1, IL-2, leukotriene B4, viruses, and free radicals (10), IκB undergoes proteolysis and the nuclear location site of NF-κB becomes revealed. (soton.ac.uk)
  • This activation of NF-κB is necessary for its translocation across the nuclear membrane and binding to its target gene promoter regions. (soton.ac.uk)
  • We showed that DNA occupancy of NF-k B present in nuclear extracts from tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) exposed cells is OGG1 and 8-oxoG position dependent, importantly, OGG1 counteracting 8-oxoG outside consensus motif had a profound influence on purified NF-k B binding to DNA. (utmb.edu)
  • Intracellular psoriasin has been found to interact with various signalling proteins, including the nuclear factor (NF)-kB regulator Jab1, while secreted psoriasin functions as an antimicrobial peptide and has the ability to induce chemotaxis of neutrophils and T cells (6). (medicaljournals.se)
  • In 2007, autosomal dominant mutations in signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 ( STAT3) gene were identified as the molecular cause of this disease. (medscape.com)
  • [ 8 , 9 ] STAT3 is one of 7 human STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) proteins, which are critical second messengers for many cytokine, hormone, and growth factor receptors. (medscape.com)
  • 2009. Activator protein 2alpha suppresses intestinal tumorigenesis in the Apc(min) mouse. . (oregonstate.edu)
  • Among the established custom DNA binding domains, Cas9 is most easily scaled to facilitate genome-scale perturbations 3 , 4 due to its simplicity of programming relative to zinc finger proteins and transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs). (cdc.gov)
  • Structural insights into preinitiation complex assembly on core promoters. (expasy.org)
  • E7 from human papil omavirus type 16 cooperate to cancer: the European prospective investigation into doi:10.1093/carcin/bgp321 PMID:20047954 target the PDZ protein Na/H exchange regulatory cancer and nutrition study. (who.int)
  • Analysis of the proximal promoter of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor revealed a novel AP-2-binding site. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Analysis of the AHR proximal promoter region using chromatin immunoprecipitation confirmed that enhanced expression of AhR in LTEE cells involves changes in histone modifications, notably decreased trimethylation of histone 3, lysine 27. (umn.edu)
  • The factors, such as hepatitis C virus infection, obesity, type Ⅱ diabetes and alcohol drinking, all contribute to the initiation of HCC [2]. (researchsquare.com)
  • The AF-1 plays an important role in the interaction of the receptor with molecules necessary for the initiation of transcription, such as coactivators, chromatin modulators, and basal transcription factors, including RNA polymerase II, TATA-binding protein (TBP), and a host of TBP-associated proteins (TAFIIs). (medscape.com)
  • Primer extension assay revealed a transcription initiation site approximately 242 bp upstream from the ATG translation start codon. (elsevierpure.com)
  • DNA replication occurs once and only once per cell cycle mainly regulated by DNA replication initiation factors in eukaryotic cells. (intechopen.com)
  • Abortive expansion of the cumulus and impaired fertility in mice lacking the prostaglandin E receptor subtype EP(2). (wikipedia.org)
  • In this study, we evaluated whether the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs198585630 of 5-HT 1A receptor is associated with cognitive alterations in rats after microwave exposure with a frequency of 2.856 GHz and an average power density of 30 mW/cm 2 . (frontiersin.org)
  • Electroencephalograms (EEGs), spatial learning and memory, and mRNA and protein expression of 5-HT 1A receptor were evaluated in vivo . (frontiersin.org)
  • Rats carrying rs198585630 C allele exhibited increased mRNA and protein expression of 5-HT 1A receptor and were more susceptible to 30 mW/cm 2 microwave exposure, showing cognitive deficits and inhibition of brain electrical activity. (frontiersin.org)
  • The 5-HT receptor family includes at least 7 classes (5-HT 1−7 receptor) and 15 subtypes with different functional and transduction properties. (frontiersin.org)
  • The effects of POP inhibition and knockdown on the proliferation of cultured human estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) MCF7 and T47D, and ER-negative (ER-) MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines and the MCF12A non-tumorigenic epithelial cell line were tested by analyzing their influence on cell proliferation (WST-1 assay), cell viability (trypan blue exclusion assay), and cell cycle arrest (cell cycle analysis, cell cycle regulator proteins expression). (cancerindex.org)
  • Androgen receptor (AR)-regulated transcription is critical for the proliferation of the molecular apocrine breast cancer subtype, which is characterized by HER2 overexpression and estrogen receptor negativity. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Pexidartinib is a colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor inhibitor approved in the United States for treatment of adult patients with symptomatic tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT) associated with severe morbidity or functional limitations and not amenable to improvement with surgery. (bvsalud.org)
  • Alternative splicing of the hGR gene in exon 9 generates 2 highly homologous receptor isoforms, termed α and β. (medscape.com)
  • Resistin was downregulated in the mouse by thiazolidinediones (TZDs), which are agonists for the antidiabetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ), and was proposed to link obesity to diabetes ( 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Identification of ETS-like transcription factor 4 as a novel androgen receptor target in prostate cancer cells. (nih.gov)
  • Recepteur d'origine nantais (RON) is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) normally expressed at low levels mostly in epithelial cells ( 1 , 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • There was also a significant correlation between the presence of the AP-2α protein and estrogen receptor expression (P=0.018) and between specimens containing both AP-2α/AP-2γ proteins and ERBB-2 expression (P=0.003). (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Furthermore, we detected an association (P=0.04) between the expression of AP-2γ and the presence of an additional signal transduction molecule implicated in breast cancer, the insulin-like growth factor I receptor. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, contributes to carcinogenesis through its role in the regulation of cytochrome P450 1 (CYP1)-catalyzed metabolism of carcinogens. (umn.edu)
  • Recent studies have shown that in these tumors, AR cooperates with other transcription factors such as the pioneer factor forkhead box A1 (FOXA1) and components of the canonical WNT pathway to enhance androgen-responsive gene expression, but it is likely that other feedback loops also modulate AR signaling and restrain basal gene expression. (aacrjournals.org)
  • G, had significantly increased basal promoter activity in adipocytes. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • These data indicate that the basal regulation of Gal-T-II gene transcription involves multiple transcription factors, some of which may be present in complexes. (elsevierpure.com)
  • These receptors trigger inflammation through the NFkB-dependent and interferon regulatory factor-dependent signaling pathway. (medscape.com)
  • Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) is a key mediator for EGF-induced cell transformation mediated through the ELK4/c-Fos signaling pathway. (nih.gov)
  • Compared to the delivery of recombinant proteins, gene therapy provides several advantages such as lower manufacturing costs and increased bioactivity of the produced proteins due to host-specific posttranslational modifications and correct folding of the locally produced growth factors. (genengnews.com)
  • 1 Opposed to this, a burst effect that takes place after application of recombinant proteins often results in unwanted adverse effects. (genengnews.com)
  • These vectors have a number of appealing features including the expression by using the machinery of the host cell instead of depending abilities to ef®ciently transduce cells in the central nervous system, on recombinant regulatory proteins. (lu.se)
  • At last, the mRNA and protein expression of NFAT2, Egr2, FasL, COX-2 and c-myc in carcinoma and adjacent tissues was investigated. (researchsquare.com)
  • Proteins of the TCF subfamily form a ternary complex by binding to the the serum response factor and the serum reponse element in the promoter of the c-fos proto-oncogene. (nih.gov)
  • The 2 zinc finger motifs are able to tetrahedrally coordinate a zinc atom and are held by 4 cysteine (Cys) residues (see the image below, panel C). (medscape.com)
  • Moreover, in the ketamine group, the level of Ten‑Eleven‑Translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase for demethylation as determined by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR assay was increased in comparison with the control group, but that was not the case for the level of DNA methyltransferases for methylation. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The mechanism of epigenetic regulation involves the CpG site methylation of promoter regions and the modification of DNA and histones by altering chromatin structure ( 9 - 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Constitutively active RON variants may be generated by alternative splicing (RONΔ165, RONΔ160, and RONΔ155) or by methylation-dependent promoter usage [short form RON (sfRON)] ( 10 , 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Haake V, Cook D, Riechmann J, Pineda O, Thomashow MF, Zhang JZ (2002) Transcription factor CBF4 is a regulator of drought adaptation in Arabidopsis. (edu.pl)
  • In most bacteria, a histidine kinase (Hk2) detects a signal, and passes that signal to a response regulator protein (Rrp2) which then activates gene expression by sigma54. (usda.gov)
  • Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase-2 (HIPK2) is a positive regulator of p53 oncosuppressor function. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Using a mAb specific for the activated form of NF-κB, immunocytochemistry, confocal microscopy, and gel shift assays have been used in conjunction to localize this transcription factor to human lung mast cells and to study its activation. (soton.ac.uk)
  • 2011. NADPH oxidase overexpression in human colon cancers and rat colon tumors induced by 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP). . (oregonstate.edu)
  • The human GR is a modular protein composed of distinct regions illustrated in panel B in the image below, as follows: (1) The amino-terminal A/B region, also called immunogenic or N-terminal domain (NTD) and (2) the C, D, and E regions, which correspond to the DNA-binding domain, the hinge region, and the ligand-binding domain, respectively. (medscape.com)
  • The other project involves the study of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the human p53 gene that results in either arginine (R) or proline (P) at position 72 of the p53 protein. (mdanderson.org)
  • At the genic level, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in noncoding regions of the human resistin gene were either not significantly associated with insulin resistance ( 4 , 5 ) or associated with an insulin sensitivity index in the case of a different promoter SNP from the one that we present in this article ( 6 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • 2. Hirbod T, Kaldensjö T, Broliden K. In situ distribution of HIV-binding CCR5 and C-type lectin receptors in the human endocervical mucosa. (southernbiotech.com)
  • Use of chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) to detect transcription factor binding to highly homologous promoters in chromatin isolated from unstimulated and activated primary human B cells. (southernbiotech.com)
  • Previous in vitro studies have also indicated that the AP-2 family of proteins may be involved in the etiology of human breast cancer. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • We have now characterized immunological reagents that enable specific AP-2 family members, including AP-2a and AP-2γ, to be detected in human breast cancer epithelium. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • 2012) Inactivation of the putative suppressor gene DOK1 by promoter hypermethylation in primary human cancers. (who.int)
  • Here we describe a different method of transgene regulation by the use of the human glial ®brillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter. (lu.se)
  • Jakobsson expression under a human GFAP (hGFAP) promoter. (lu.se)
  • Ankyrins link integral membrane proteins to the spectrin-based membrane skeleton. (dana-farber.org)
  • This indicates that AE1 and probably other integral membrane proteins have a 'lipid-anchoring' function. (dana-farber.org)
  • They have been defined as monotropic integral membrane proteins located primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum (COX-1) and the perinuclear envelope (COX-2). (medscape.com)
  • 2) What are the requirements for DNA replication and transcription at the beginning of mammalian development? (nih.gov)
  • Recent breakthroughs have uncovered more and more DNA replication licensing machinery proteins (ORC, Cdc6, Cdt1, geminin, etc.) functioning in other cell cycle events, including centrosome replication, mitotic events, transcription and so on. (intechopen.com)
  • Conversely, hnRNPA1 overexpression reduced NP expression at the mRNA and protein levels and impeded virus replication by (60.70%), suggesting antagonistic function. (cdc.gov)
  • 2002. Sequencing of the rat beta-catenin gene (Ctnnb1) and mutational analysis of liver tumors induced by 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline. . (oregonstate.edu)
  • 2002. Inhibition of beta-catenin/Tcf activity by white tea, green tea, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG): minor contribution of H(2)O(2) at physiologically relevant EGCG concentrations. . (oregonstate.edu)
  • 2002. Response of Apc(min) and A33 (delta N beta-cat) mutant mice to treatment with tea, sulindac, and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP). . (oregonstate.edu)
  • HBS1L encodes a protein with apparent GTP binding activity and is included in different cellular processes while MYB encodes a transcription factor for erythroid differentiation in hematopoiesis [10]. (scirp.org)
  • In this primer, we describe the key features of Hes factors and detail their roles in some representative processes of embryogenesis: namely, in the development of the nervous and digestive systems, two well-characterized processes, where Hes1 (and Hes3 and Hes5 in the nervous system) regulates cell proliferation and differentiation, and in the process of somite segmentation, where Hes7 functions as a biological clock. (biologists.com)
  • The differentiation-induced psoriasin expression was found to be mediated by the protein kinase C pathway. (medicaljournals.se)
  • The data concerning genetic and protein markers of thyroid stem cells, as well as markers of their thyroid differentiation, are systematized. (genescells.ru)
  • Physiological and pathological regulation of thyroid cell proliferation and differentiation by thyrotropin and other factors. (genescells.ru)
  • Taken together, these data strongly support a role for the AP-2 gene family in the control of cell growth and differentiation in breast cancer. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • We found that the overexpression of HIF-2α and VM were correlated with poor tumor differentiation, late clinical stage and lymph node metastasis, and a poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer. (oncotarget.com)
  • The reason for its use is the higher number of platelets, which is an important source of growth factors, such TGF- β1, that hypothetically possess a stimulating effect on regulation and differentiation in mesenchymal tissue repair 10 . (bvsalud.org)
  • 2011. Dietary factors and epigenetic regulation for prostate cancer prevention. . (oregonstate.edu)
  • Ketamine treatment increased the binding of NF‑κB and permissive histone H3 lysine‑4 (H3K4)m3, but caused a decrease in the repressive histone H3K27m3 and H3K36m3 on the COX‑2 promoter ranging from ‑1,522 to ‑1,331 bp as determined by a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • [ 1 ] Neutrophils move to the site of invasion by means of chemotaxis, which occurs in response to microbial products, activated complement proteins, and cytokines. (medscape.com)
  • One of the major mast cell-derived cytokines is TNF-α, a pleotropic cytokine encoded on chromosome 6, which exists in its biologically active form as a homotrimer of a 17-kDa subunit cleaved proteolytically from its 26-kDa cell surface-associated form (2, 3). (soton.ac.uk)
  • In addition to increasing the transcription of cytokines and adhesion proteins, NF-κB also increases the transcription of IκB, thus leading to its own inactivation and subsequent termination of the response. (soton.ac.uk)
  • In occurs through the inhibition of DNA binding of cognate cis- hematopoiesis there exist several lineage branch points with regulatory motif while in the other case DNA binding is unaffected identified key transcription factors and external signals [3-5]. (lu.se)
  • In addition, we confirmed that the overexpression of HIF-2α increased Twist1 expression and promoted tumor growth and VM formation in pancreatic cancer xenografts in nude mice. (oncotarget.com)
  • DYRKs are named after their characteristic dual-specificity, as they auto-phosphorylate a conserved tyrosine in their activation loop, but phosphorylate substrates on serine and threonine residues 2 . (nature.com)
  • Finally, the C-terminus of HIPK1-3 comprises a region rich in serine, glutamine, and alanine (SQA) residues, which is involved in the interaction with different co-factors 14 . (nature.com)
  • This protein coding gene encodes a member of the short chain alcohol dehydrogenase protein family. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hadwiger J, Wittenberg C, Mendenhall M, Reed S (1989) The saccharomyces cerevisiae cks1 gene, a homolog of the schizo-saccharomyces pombe suc1+ gene, encodes a subunit of the cdc28 protein kinase complex. (edu.pl)
  • The transcription of COX-1 yields a 2.7-kilobase (kb) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) that encodes a 576-residue, 65-kd protein. (medscape.com)
  • Conversely, the transcription of COX-2 yields a 4.5-kb mRNA that encodes a 70-kd protein with roughly 70-75% homology to the COX-1 protein. (medscape.com)
  • Dalal M, Chinnusamy V, Bansal KC (2010) Isolation and functional characterization of lycopene β-cyclase (CYC-B) promoter from Solanum habrochaites. (edu.pl)
  • Characterization of SAP-1, a protein recruited by serum response factor to the c-fos serum response element. (nih.gov)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • [ 8 ] Both mutations created stop codons leading to truncation of the PAX3 protein. (medscape.com)
  • The mutations associated with resistance to many of the antituberculosis drugs have been identified, though much work remains to be done to identify the molecular basis of resistance for some of the drugs and to determine the predictive value of finding a particular mutation in a strain of M. tuberculosis (1,2). (cdc.gov)
  • Molecular genetic tests for detecting drug-resistance are, in general, just a variation of nucleic acid amplification (NAA) tests and can reliably provide information on the presence of mutations associated with drug resistance in 1 to 2 days. (cdc.gov)
  • Homeodomain-interacting protein kinases (HIPKs) belong to the CMGC kinase family and are closely related to dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinases (DYRKs). (nature.com)
  • Homeodomain-interacting protein kinases (HIPKs) are an evolutionarily conserved kinase family comprising the members HIPK1, HIPK2, and HIPK3 in vertebrates, and, additionally, HIPK4 in mammals. (nature.com)
  • RON is a 180-kDa heterodimeric protein composed of a 40-kDa α-chain and a 150-kDa transmembrane β-chain with intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Maturation occurs in the cell membrane resulting in a 180-kDa heterodimeric protein composed of a 40-kDa α-chain and a 150-kDa transmembrane β-chain with intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity ( 5 , 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Oxidative DNA bases modified by reactive oxygen species (ROS), primarily as 7, 8-dihydro-8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxoG), which is repaired by 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase1 (OGG1) during base excision repair (BER) pathway. (utmb.edu)
  • Because cellular response to oxidative challenge is accompanied by DNA damage repair, we tested whether the repair by OGG1 is compatible with transcription factor binding and gene expression. (utmb.edu)
  • G promoter SNP and potentially cellular oxidative stress. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Multiple female reproductive failures in cyclooxygenase 2-defcient mice. (wikipedia.org)
  • Interestingly, Rrp2ÿ123 activation of a rpoS-lacZ reporter gene in E. coli was sigma54-dependent but did not require DNA sequences upstream of the rpoS-P/O. Similarly, QRT-PCR experiments on reporter cat constructs in B. burgdorferi indicated that DNA sequences upstream of the sigma54-dependent rpoS promoter were not needed by Rrp2 to activate transcription of rpoS. (usda.gov)
  • Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Gγ-globin gene promoter in BCL11A regions and HBS1L-MYB intergenic polymorphism (HMIP) are thought to be associated with Hb F levels. (scirp.org)
  • To determine which transcription factors bind to the promoter, we carried out a systematic search for the binding proteins using the 1142 bp Gal-T-II promoter fragment containing both positive and negative regulatory regions in a combination of DNA pull-down assay and transcription factor array analysis. (elsevierpure.com)
  • 2000). We of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in models of have recently reported that this vector directs transgene expression to Parkinson's disease (Georgievska et al. (lu.se)
  • Efforts have therefore, designed a study to compare the expression of green ¯uor- been made to develop systems based on different drugs or hormones escent protein (GFP) and GDNF under the control of the hGFAP including tetracycline, rapamycine and progestrone (Clackson, 2000). (lu.se)
  • 2003. Mutational analysis of Ctnnb1 and Apc in tumors from rats given 1,2-dimethylhydrazine or 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline: mutational 'hotspots' and the relative expression of beta-catenin and c-jun. . (oregonstate.edu)
  • Busk PK, Pages M (1998) Regulation of abscisic acid-induced transcription. (edu.pl)
  • Data obtained with these reagents demonstrate that whereas AP- 2α and AP-2γ are both present in benign breast epithelia, there is a significant up-regulation of AP-2γ expression in breast cancer specimens (P=0.01). (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The regulation of AhR expression was evaluated in long-term estrogen exposed (LTEE) MCF-7 cells, which showed increased AhR expression, enhanced CYP1 inducibility, and increased capacity to form DNA adducts when exposed to the dietary carcinogen, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b] pyridine. (umn.edu)
  • AR-mediated MYC induction enforces AR-driven transcription in molecular apocrine breast cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Clinical studies in bladder tissue of KIC patients have shown increases in the infiltration of eosinophil and mast cells as well as serum immunoglobulin (Ig)E level, which displayed an association with hypersensitivity and/or allergic reactions ( 7 , 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • That this preformed TNF-α may be biologically relevant has been shown by its release within 2 min of allergen challenge in parallel with tryptase in patients with allergic rhinitis (7). (soton.ac.uk)
  • DNA constructs were cloned into a pGL3 promoter vector for luciferase gene reporter assays. (cdc.gov)
  • The AHR promoter-luciferase reporter plasmid pGL3-hAhRP was a kind gift from Drs. Sandra Wolff and Josef Abel of the Medical Institute of Environmental Hygiene at the Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany. (umn.edu)
  • The extracellular sequences of RON contain several domains including an N-terminal semaphorin (sema) domain, followed by the plexin, semaphorin, integrin (PSI) domain, and four immunoglobulin, plexin, transcription factor (IPT) domains. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In animals receiving excitotoxic lesions of the striatum we detected an eightfold increase of green ¯uorescent protein (GFP)-expressing cells. (lu.se)
  • promoter in the intact brain and after different lesions to the brain. (lu.se)
  • Genetic polymorphism in the intergenic region (HBS1L-MYB) between GTP-binding elongation factor HBS1L and myeloblastosis oncogene MYB on chromosome 6q is associated with high fetal hemoglobin levels. (scirp.org)
  • Promoter activity of the 5'-flanking region of the pseudorabies virus (PRV) early protein 0 (EP0) gene was analysed by transient transfection assays employing chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) reporter constructs. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Twenty-seven transcription factors bound to consensus sites in the promoter region. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In addition, four other factors without consensus binding sites in this region were also recruited, possibly as components of transcription factor complexes. (elsevierpure.com)
  • To elucidate its expression patterns under adversity, we isolated and characterized its promoter (PZmCKS2). (edu.pl)
  • The results of the present study revealed that ketamine treatment induced NF‑κB p65 translocation to nuclei and activated COX‑2 expression and prostaglandin (PGE)2 production in bladder tissue, whereas COX‑2 inhibitor suppressed the inflammatory effect. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Disturbance in the interval between the HBS1L and MYB suppresses MYB expression and gives rise to the increased level of Hb F [7]. (scirp.org)
  • Resistin expression in humans has been reported at low levels in the adipose tissue of some but not all humans ( 7 , 8 ), and its reduced expression has also been proposed as a hallmark of obesity ( 9 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • 11 Furthermore, nonviral vectors have low manufacturing costs, are easy to handle, and provide transient expression kinetics of therapeutic factors, of special interest in the field of regenerative medicine. (genengnews.com)
  • In this study, we investigated HIF-2α expression and VM by immunohistochemistry in 70 pancreatic cancer patients as well as the role of Twist1and Twist2 in HIF-2α-induced VM in vitro and in vivo . (oncotarget.com)
  • There are a number of hypothesized that regulating the transgene with a GFAP promoter in a different vectors that transduce cells in the brain in a slightly different viral vector would give rise to a high transgenic expression in the manner (for a review see, e.g. (lu.se)
  • Programmable DNA binding proteins have emerged as an exciting platform for engineering synthetic transcription factors for modulating endogenous gene expression 5 - 11 . (cdc.gov)
  • Shukla V, Cuenin C, Dubey N, Herceg Z. (2011) Loss of histone acetyltransferase cofactor transformation/transcription domain-associated protein impairs liver regeneration after toxic injury. (who.int)
  • Moreover, we were able to identify and characterize transient oligoribonucleotides consisting of 7 to 10 ribonucleotides in which the 5'-terminus was a triphosphate and the 3'-terminus was covalently attached to the 5'-ends of Okazaki fragments. (nih.gov)
  • There are no obvious symptoms in the early stage of pancreatic cancer, and more than half of all pancreatic cancer patients are diagnosed after metastases have occurred, when the chance for surgical resection has been lost [ 2 ]. (oncotarget.com)