• We demonstrate that the GTPase Rem2 is regulated at the transcriptional level by calcium influx through L-VGCCs and inhibits dendritic arborization in cultured rat cortical neurons and in the Xenopus laevis tadpole visual system. (jneurosci.org)
  • However, negative mediators of experience-dependent dendritic outgrowth that are activity regulated at the transcriptional level are less well understood. (jneurosci.org)
  • MicroRNAs regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by binding to 3′- or less often to 5′-untranslated regions of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), which in consequence leads to inhibited translation and/or induces degradation of targeted mRNA [ 1 ]. (archivesofmedicalscience.com)
  • NPAS4 regulates the transcriptional response of the suprachiasmatic nucleus to light and circadian behavior. (neurotree.org)
  • The underlying mechanisms are not fully known, but they may involve increased blood brain barrier (BBB) protection and regulation of transcriptional activation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • p200 CUX1 acts as a transcriptional repressor, whereas short CUX1 isoforms can activate or suppress transcription [ 1 , 3 ]. (nature.com)
  • Overall, our results indicate that CP60 has an important but redundant function in transcriptional regulation as a partner of the CP190 protein. (bvsalud.org)
  • Many cellular processes, including ribosome biogenesis, are regulated through post-transcriptional RNA modifications. (nature.com)
  • The 3'-UTR analysis yields 106 motifs likely to be involved in post-transcriptional regulation. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • We show that myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) transcription factors suppressed excitatory synapse number in a neuronal activity- and calcineurin-dependent manner as hippocampal neurons formed synapses. (elsevierpure.com)
  • When activated, MEF2 promoted the transcription of a set of genes, including ore and synGAP, that restrict synapse number. (elsevierpure.com)
  • BMP2 controls bone cell determination by inducing miRNAs that target muscle genes but mainly by down-regulating multiple miRNAs that constitute an osteogenic program, thereby releasing from inhibition pathway components required for cell lineage commitment establish a mechanism for BMP morphogens to selectively induce a tissue-specific phenotype and suppress alternative lineages. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this review, we focus on the role of cardiomyocyte-derived and cardiac fibroblast-derived microRNAs that are involved in the regulation of genes associated with cardiomyocyte and fibroblast function and in atherosclerosis-related cardiac ischemia. (archivesofmedicalscience.com)
  • A download Hanging Sam: A Military Biography of General Samuel T. Williams: From Pancho Villa to of residues are experienced regulated for the high 3-phosphate by which SP1 assemblies present to connected formation phagosome by UCP1 in transmembrane C1q-mediated fusion momenta, and preferentially by the intracellular genes as Once. (evakoch.com)
  • Structural genes encode proteins that are not involved in gene regulation. (p450inhibitors.com)
  • Genes having at least one occurrence of the highly conserved motif M38 TGACCTTG in the regions spanning 4 kb centered on their transcription starting sites [-2kb, +2kb]. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • Our results suggest that previous estimates of the number of human miRNA genes were low, and that miRNAs regulate at least 20% of human genes. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • miR-133 enhances myoblast proliferation by repressing serum response factor (SRF) mIR-133 suppresses SP1 expression In rats, miR-133b is expressed in retinal dopaminergicamacrine cell, and this expression is significantly increased during early stage during retinal degeneration. (wikipedia.org)
  • Overexpression of ClpP reduces αSyn-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress through enhancing the level of Superoxide Dismutase-2 (SOD2), and suppresses the accumulation of αSyn S129 phosphorylation and promotes neuronal morphology in neurons derived from PD patient iPS cells carrying αSyn A53T mutant. (springer.com)
  • Its importance has been documented in a number of physiologic and pathologic conditions including neuronal and muscle development, lymphocyte activation, cardiac hypertrophy, switching of skeletal muscle fiber type, and expression of ion channels. (pancreapedia.org)
  • The Y-box protein MSY3/Csda represses myogenin transcription in skeletal muscle by binding a highly conserved cis-acting DNA element located just upstream of the myogenin minimal promoter (myogHCE). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) myogenic regulatory factors coordinate the correct function and organization of many skeletal muscle functions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, our results demonstrate that changes in neuronal activity initiate competing signaling pathways that positively and negatively regulate the growth of the dendritic arbor. (jneurosci.org)
  • Genome-wide identification of calcium-response factor (CaRF) binding sites predicts a role in regulation of neuronal signaling pathways. (neurotree.org)
  • Molecular alterations involved in adult gliomas have been identified and mainly affect tyrosine kinase receptors with amplification and/or mutation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its associated signaling pathways. (bvsalud.org)
  • A retrograde neuronal survival response: target-derived neurotrophins regulate MEF2D and bcl-w. (neurotree.org)
  • Widespread transcription at neuronal activity-regulated enhancers. (neurotree.org)
  • Finally, inhibiting this pathway exacerbated the inflammatory response to stroke as CaMKK β or CaMK IV KO mice had increased levels of the pro-inflammatory serum cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) after stroke. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we report that the microRNA miR-1 regulates the autophagy pathway through conserved targeting of the orthologous T re-2/ B ub2/ C DC16 (TBC) Rab GTPase-activating proteins TBC-7 and TBC1D15 in Caenorhabditis elegans and mammalian cells, respectively. (elifesciences.org)
  • The download Hanging Sam: A Military Biography of General of Insulin like Growth Factor Binding Proteins( IGFBPs) phase 50 response pathway good research with reviewed N cell and C formation enzymes binding for conjugating Insulin like Growth Factors I and II( IGF I and IGF II). (evakoch.com)
  • In response to increased neuronal activity, calcium influx into neurons induced the activation of the calcium/calmodulin-regulated phosphatase calcineurin, which dephosphorylated and activated MEF2. (elsevierpure.com)
  • miR-133 directly and negatively regulates NFATc4. (wikipedia.org)
  • RhoA expression is negatively regulated by miR-133a in bronchial smooth muscles (BSM)and miR-133a downregulation causes an upregulation of RhoA, resulting in an augmentation of contraction and BSM hyperresponsiveness. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the mammalian nervous system, neuronal activity regulates the strength and number of synapses formed. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The overall results provide a systematic view of gene regulation in the human, which will be refined as additional mammalian genomes become available. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • Although studies suggest that αSyn and its missense mutant, A53T, preferentially accumulate in the mitochondria, the mechanisms by which αSyn and mitochondrial proteins regulate each other to trigger mitochondrial and neuronal toxicity are poorly understood. (springer.com)
  • It is estimated that microRNAs regulate production of approximately 60% of all human proteins and enzymes that are responsible for major physiological processes. (archivesofmedicalscience.com)
  • CUX1 isoforms are transcription factors, whereas CASP are Golgi proteins that share with CUX1 the N-terminal region but not the DNA binding motifs [ 2 ]. (nature.com)
  • CP190 is an essential transcription factor and preferentially binds to housekeeping gene promoters and insulators through interactions with architectural proteins, including Su(Hw) and dCTCF. (bvsalud.org)
  • A hallmark of events observed during segmentation was the induction of multiple transcription factors, including a large group of homeobox proteins in pace with decay of a large fraction of maternal transcripts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Appropriate regulation of autophagy is crucial for clearing toxic proteins from cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • MSY3 (MSY4, YB-2, CSDA, dbpA, ZONAB) is a member of the cold shock domain (CSD) family of proteins also known as Y-box proteins, which are evolutionarily conserved proteins that function as transcription factors and regulators of RNA metabolism and protein synthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • showed that nPTB (neuronal polypyrimidine tract-binding protein) is a target and likely contains two target sites for miR-133. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Angelman Syndrome protein Ube3A regulates synapse development by ubiquitinating arc. (neurotree.org)
  • Fiore R, Khudayberdiev S, Christensen M, Siegel G, Flavell SW , Kim TK , Greenberg ME , Schratt G. Mef2-mediated transcription of the miR379-410 cluster regulates activity-dependent dendritogenesis by fine-tuning Pumilio2 protein levels. (neurotree.org)
  • ATP-dependent Clp protease (ClpP), a mitochondrial matrix protease, plays an important role in regulating mitochondrial protein turnover and bioenergetics activity. (springer.com)
  • The nature of imperfect binding specificity means that a single miRNA can regulate a large number of mRNA targets involved in complex cellular processes, thereby tightly controlling genetic networks during development and in response to stress ( Pocock, 2011 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • Bhlhb5 and Prdm8 form a repressor complex involved in neuronal circuit assembly. (neurotree.org)
  • Glia-derived tumor necrosis factor acts through its neuronal receptor to maintain calcium channel expression after injury. (bvsalud.org)
  • CnB, the regulatory subunit, contains 4 Ca 2+ -binding EF hand motifs that regulate (through a conformational change) the catalytic function of Cn. (pancreapedia.org)
  • The promoter analysis yields 174 candidate motifs, including most previously known transcription-factor binding sites and 105 new motifs. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • Altered activation of PI3K and SREBP-1c may explain the defective regulation of miR-1 and miR-133a expression in response to insulin in muscle of type 2 diabetic patients. (wikipedia.org)
  • Emerging themes in neuronal activity-dependent gene expression. (neurotree.org)
  • Expression of this genome entails several, highly regulated processes, with newly synthesised transcripts being cleaved, chemically modified, polyadenylated and further matured in neighbouring structures known as mitochondrial RNA granules (MRGs). (nature.com)
  • Regulation of gene expression plays a central role in embryonic development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MRM2 controls mitochondrial respiration by regulating mitoribosome biogenesis. (nature.com)
  • New Molecular Insights into the Excitation-Transcription Coupling. (neurotree.org)
  • Our findings provide novel insights into the mechanism underlying αSyn-induced neuronal pathology, and they suggest that ClpP might be a useful therapeutic target for PD and other synucleinopathies. (springer.com)
  • Glia also release adenosine which signals through neuronal adenosine receptor (AdoR) to activate HCN channels (Ih) and dampen Ca2+ transients. (bvsalud.org)
  • While the RNA components of the mitoribosome are mitochondrially-encoded, all MRPs and assembly factors are encoded in the nuclear genome, thus requiring coordination between two genomes for the assembly of these macromolecular complexes. (nature.com)
  • After transcription, Pri-miRNA is cleaved by the enzymatic complex DROSHA into a micro-RNA precursor (pre-miRNA). (archivesofmedicalscience.com)
  • HDAC5 and Its Target Gene, Npas4, Function in the Nucleus Accumbens to Regulate Cocaine-Conditioned Behaviors. (neurotree.org)
  • As a consequence of lower MEF2C binding on their enhancer region, the transcription of miR-1 and miR-133a is reduced, leading to decreased levels of their mature forms in muscle, after insulin treatment. (wikipedia.org)
  • Given the significance of myogenin regulation in adult muscle, the Akt/MSY3/myogenin regulatory circuit is a potential therapeutic target to counteract muscle degenerative disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We have previously shown that MSY3/Csda binds a highly conserved cis-acting element located upstream of the myogenin promoter (myogHCE) and regulates the postnatal down-regulation of myogenin [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CP60 belongs to a family of transcription factors that contain the N-terminal MADF domain and the C-terminal BESS domain, which is characterized by the ability to homodimerize. (bvsalud.org)