Transcription factors proto oncogene proteins p21 ras. Medical search. Frequent questions

To identify genes that can functionally substitute for oncogenic RAS, we systematically expressed 15,294 open reading frames in a human KRAS-dependent colon cancer cell line engineered to express an inducible KRAS-specific shRNA. (nih.gov)
Phosphorylation of Jun at serines 63 and 73 and threonine 91 and 93 increases transcription of the c-jun target genes. (wikipedia.org)
Because mutations in genes encoding chromatin remodelling proteins have been implicated in KRAS-mediated PDAC, we investigated whether loss of chromatin remodeler ɑ-thalassemia, mental-retardation, X-linked (ATRX) affects oncogenic KRAS's ability to promote PDAC. (ox.ac.uk)
This mechanism also applies to hematopoietic cells transformed by other HOX genes, including CDX2, which is highly expressed in a majority of acute myeloid leukemias, thus providing a molecular approach based on GSK-3 inhibitory strategies to target HOX-associated transcription in a broad spectrum of leukemias. (stanford.edu)
Opposing actions of c-ets/PU.1 and c-myb protooncogene products in regulating the macrophage-specific promoters of the human and mouse colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (c-fms) genes. (musc.edu)
Ras genes are widely conserved among animal species and sequences corresponding to both H-ras and K-ras genes have been detected in human, avian, murine, and non-vertebrate genomes. (edu.au)
In mammals, trimethylation of lysine 4 in histone H3, a modification localized at the transcription start sites of active genes, is catalyzed by six enzymes (SET1a and SET1b, MLL1?MLL4) whose specific functions are largely unknown. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Driver events in pediatric malignancies can occur through loss of function in tumor suppressor genes or gain of function in proto-oncogenes. (medscape.com)
Tumor suppressor genes encode proteins that normally provide negative control of cell proliferation. (medscape.com)
These events are dependent on the proper levels of transcription and translation of certain genes. (cancerquest.org)
Genes whose protein products stimulate or enhance the division and viability of cells. (cancerquest.org)
Genes whose protein products can directly or indirectly prevent cell division or lead to cell death. (cancerquest.org)
The normal versions of genes in the first group are called proto-oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
The mutated or otherwise damaged versions of these genes are called oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
Numerous genes have been identified as proto-oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
As stated in the introduction to this section, the defective versions of these genes, known as oncogenes, can cause a cell to divide in an unregulated manner. (cancerquest.org)
Cellular DNA-binding proteins encoded by the rel gene (GENES, REL). (childrensmercy.org)
Of the 31 genes, the 21 upregulated genes were primarily associated with cell paracrine and intracellular signaling, transcription regulation and cell adhesion and migration, and their transcriptional products included transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 and transcriptional factor AP-2α/γ ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
By contrast, the 10 downregulated genes were primarily associated with epithelial membrane proteins ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Genes mainly involved in coding adhesion molecules and growth factors have also been found to be upregulated in other types of CAFs, including colon ( 12 ) and pancreatic ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Activated PI3K phosphorylates AKT, which in turn activates IKKA, MTOR and MDM2 and inhi bits FKHR, CASP9, Terrible, p27 inhibitor R428 and p21 genes. (dubinhibitors.com)
From an antigrowth signal point of view, RB1 sequesters the E2F transcription aspects transcriptionally repressing genes very important for G1 to S phase cell cycle progression and RB1 was decreased suggesting improved cell cycle progression in CD30hi lymphocytes supporting our previous work. (dubinhibitors.com)
6 ], the transforming growth factor beta 1 ( Tgfβ1 ) gene and several collagen genes were significantly downregulated in 8-week-old B6 mice scleras when compared with 3-week-old B6 mice scleras. (molvis.org)
The role of MSY genes in important cellular processes such as transcription regulation, translation, and protein stability in males is vital not only in sex determination but also in sex-dependent organ development [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Despite extensive studies on the effect of these genes on the development pathways, some MSY genes have remained as missing proteins with no experimental protein evidence due to highly transient and spatio-temporal restricted expression patterns. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, Kevetrin increased expression of p53 target genes such as p21 (Waf1), an inhibitor of cell cycle progression. (shu.edu)
In addition, these alterations affect 3 principal categories of genes, as follows: proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA repair genes. (medscape.com)
This article briefly discusses tumor suppressor genes and then focuses on the role of proto-oncogenes in childhood cancer. (medscape.com)
Like Rb protein, many of the proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes act at specific points in the cell cycle. (medscape.com)
TP53 activates the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation (p21), and MDM2. (medscape.com)
Fungal genes that mostly encode TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS. (edu.au)

Canonical Notch signaling activates the transcription of BMI1 proto‑oncogene polycomb ring finger, cyclin D1, CD44, cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A, hes family bHLH transcription factor 1, hes related family bHLH transcription factor with YRPW motif 1, MYC, NOTCH3, RE1 silencing transcription factor and transcription factor 7 in a cellular context‑dependent manner, while non‑canonical Notch signaling activates NF‑κB and Rac family small GTPase 1. (spandidos-publications.com)
This kinase is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression and G1/S transition. (cancerindex.org)
This kinase, as well as CDK4, has been shown to phosphorylate, and thus regulate the activity of, tumor suppressor protein Rb. (cancerindex.org)
Macrophage colony-stimulating factor promotes cell survival through Akt/protein kinase B. (musc.edu)
ets-2 is a target for an akt (Protein kinase B)/jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathway in macrophages of motheaten-viable mutant mice. (musc.edu)
Proliferation is upregulated through two mechanisms: (1) ATP binding to the G-protein-coupled receptor P2Y2, commencing a kinase signaling cascade that activates the serine-threonine kinase Akt, and (2) the transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), leading to a series of protein signals that activate the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2. (encyclopedia.pub)
PTEN encodes a protein kinase of the same name and functions as a tumor suppressor through regulation of cell proliferation. (medscape.com)
My results indicate that KCNK3 internalizes in response to Protein Kinase C (PKC) activation, using a novel pathway that requires the phosphoserine binding protein, 14-3-3β, and demonstrates for the first time regulated KCNK3 channel trafficking in neurons. (umassmed.edu)
CDK4 is a member of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (thermofisher.com)
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/Erk pathway plays a central role in cell communication: it orchestrates signaling from external receptors to internal transcriptional machinery, which leads to changes in phenotype [ 6 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Activation of MAPK is initiated by one of the four ErbB receptors (ErbB1/epidermal growth factor receptor (EgfR), ErbB2-4), which leads to signaling through Raf (RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase), Mek (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2) and Erk. (biomedcentral.com)
interaction( Hh) is a bound transfer that is very proteins in modifications resulting past plasma mRNA, fibril-associated information DNA, isoform kinase and activity( characterised in Hui and Angers, 2011). (evakoch.com)
To understand the signal transduction required, we focused primarily on IL-6 induction by measuring mitogen-activated protein kinase activity and analyzing the effects of mutant or dominant negative forms of Vav, Rac1, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase-1 (JNK1). (aai.org)
Vav overexpression resulted in the constitutive activation of JNK1 with little or no effect on p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and ERK2. (aai.org)
Protein kinase Cd and c-Abl kinase are required for transforming growth factor ß induction of endothelial-mesenchymal transition in vitro. (jefferson.edu)
On the opposite, MuRF1 was selelck kinase inhibitor by far the most fluctuating protein, reaching a maximal variation amount of 60% in excess of two biopsies taken in similar circumstances 48 hours apart. (dubinhibitors.com)
The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors p21 and p16 inhibit the activity of CDKs, such as CDK4. (medscape.com)
Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-Met), a member of tyrosine protein kinase receptors (TPKR), is phosphorylated during LPLI-induced proliferation, but tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) receptor has not been affected. (biomedcentral.com)
A signal transducing adaptor protein that links extracellular signals to the MAP KINASE SIGNALING SYSTEM. (uchicago.edu)
Hyaluronan-mediated CD44 interaction with RhoGEF and Rho kinase promotes Grb2-associated binder-1 phosphorylation and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling leading to cytokine (macrophage-colony stimulating factor) production and breast tumor progression. (uchicago.edu)

The proto-oncogene c-Jun is the cellular homolog of the viral oncoprotein v-jun (P05411). (wikipedia.org)
Both Jun and its dimerization partners in AP-1 formation are subject to regulation by diverse extracellular stimuli, which include peptide growth factors, pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative and other forms of cellular stress, and UV irradiation. (wikipedia.org)
Our studies have demonstrated that several of the proteins encoded by cellular oncogenes function in fundamental aspects of gene regulation. (stanford.edu)
Proteins that are normally involved in holding cellular growth in check. (edu.au)
After receptor activation, the alpha- and beta-gamma-subunits of G protein dissociate to activate diverse downstream pathways resulting in cellular polarization and actin reorganization. (genome.jp)
This receptor is found in moderate levels on some normal cells and as the gene's name implies, it is involved in cellular responses to growth factors. (cancerquest.org)
The human ETS (E26 Transformation-Specific) protein family is a diverse group of 27 known transcription factors that regulate such varied cellular processes as differentiation and apoptosis, but also appear to induce oncogenesis when mutated or aberrantly expressed [ 1 - 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulators (GDSs, or exchange factors), such as RALGDS, are effectors of Ras-related GTPases (see MIM 190020) that participate in signaling for a variety of cellular processes. (cancerindex.org)
The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) regulates the expression levels of cellular proteins by ubiquitination of protein substrates followed by their degradation via the proteasome. (biomedcentral.com)
On the one hand, the UPS acts as a host defense mechanism to selectively recognize HBV proteins as well as special cellular proteins that favor the viral life cycle and induces their ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation to limit HBV infection. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, in the infected hepatocytes, certain cellular proteins that are dependent on the UPS are involved in abnormal biological processes which are mediated by HBV. (biomedcentral.com)
Since the HBV is a small DNA virus, and there is only limited genetic information in the viral genome, the virus heavily relies on cellular factors for viral replication. (biomedcentral.com)
During HBV infection, a variety of cellular factors are recruited by the virus to regulate multiple steps in the HBV replication cycle [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
More importantly, the cellular factors affected by the HBV also modulate various biological processes, including innate immune response, cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion, and play vital roles in the development of liver diseases [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Additionally, scientists have found that this relationship is an important part of a number of complex cellular signaling cascade pathways, including Ras, β-catenin, myc, Rb, and many more. (shu.edu)
In turn, GTP-bound active GTPases can interact with a plethora of different effectors which mediate the different cellular functions of this family of proteins. (biomedcentral.com)

The cyclic change of the c-jun protein levels is significant in the proliferation and apoptosis of glandular epithelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
The persistent stromal expression of c-jun protein may prevent stromal cells from entering into apoptosis during the late secretory phase. (wikipedia.org)
The TRPV1-apoptosis pathway involves Ca 2+ influx and efflux between the cytosol, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the release of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and cytochrome c from the mitochondria, caspase activation, and DNA fragmentation and condensation. (encyclopedia.pub)
The Bcl-2 family of proteins, which includes the proapoptotic proteins Bax and Bak and the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, is implicated in the intrinsic mechanism of apoptosis [ 6 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
The transcription factor MYC is a proto-oncogene regulating cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis and metabolism. (oncotarget.com)
Mutant K-RAS has been shown to have both tumor-promoting and -suppressing functions, and growing evidence suggests that the RASSF family of tumor suppressors can act as RAS apoptosis and senescence effectors. (cancerindex.org)
Finally, alternative splicing microarrays containing apoptosis targets were incubated to verify whether pre-mRNAs other than H-Ras could also present a similar hairpin loop structure regulated by p68 RNA helicase. (lidsen.com)
Kevetrin induces transcription-independent p53 mediated apoptosis. (shu.edu)
Stable monoubiquitinated form of wild type p53, accumulates in the cytoplasm and interacts with BAK or BAX proteins in mitochondria to induce apoptosis Thus Kevetrin activates both transcription dependent and transcription independent pathways to promote apoptosis. (shu.edu)
This gene product is involved in cell cycle progression, p53-mediated apoptosis, transcription activator of several other oncogenes [ 4 ] and DNA repair [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The chemokine signal is transduced by chemokine receptors (G-protein coupled receptors) expressed on the immune cells. (genome.jp)
The exchange of GDP to GTP and thus the activation of Rho GTPases is catalyzed by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), which act downstream of numerous growth factor receptors, integrins, cytokine receptors, and cadherins. (biomedcentral.com)

The binding of Jun (AP-1) to a high-affinity AP-1 binding site in the jun promoter region induces jun transcription. (wikipedia.org)
The elevated expression of p53 leads to greater stability, which also induces the regulatory protein Mdm2. (shu.edu)
Furthermore, LPLI induces the synthesis or release of many molecules, like growth factors, interleukins, inflammatory cytokines and others, which are related to promotive effects of LPLI. (biomedcentral.com)
Hyaluronan promotes CD44v3-Vav2 interaction with Grb2-p185(HER2) and induces Rac1 and Ras signaling during ovarian tumor cell migration and growth. (uchicago.edu)

What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
An enhancer element responsive to ras and fms signaling pathways is composed of two distinct nuclear factor binding sites. (musc.edu)
It has been hypothesized that inactivation of the RASSF1A tumor suppressor facilitates K-RAS-mediated transformation by uncoupling it from apoptotic pathways such as the Hippo pathway. (cancerindex.org)
Activated TPKR could activate its downstream signaling elements, like Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK, PI3K/Akt/eIF4E, PI3K/Akt/eNOS and PLC-gamma/PKC pathways. (biomedcentral.com)

Transcription factor Jun is a protein that in humans is encoded by the JUN gene. (wikipedia.org)
It was first identified as the Fos-binding protein p39 and only later rediscovered as the product of the JUN gene. (wikipedia.org)
The human JUN encodes a protein that is highly similar to the viral protein, which interacts directly with specific target DNA sequences to regulate gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
In cells absent of c-jun, the expression of p53 (cell cycle arrest inducer) and p21 (CDK inhibitor and p53 target gene) is increased, and those cells exhibit cell cycle defects. (wikipedia.org)
A study utilized liver-specific inactivation of c-jun in hepatocellular carcinoma, which showed impaired tumor development correlated with increased level of p53 protein and the mRNA level of the p53 target gene noxa. (wikipedia.org)
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the CMGC family of serine/threonine protein kinases. (cancerindex.org)
What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
Non-nuclear oncogenes and the regulation of gene expression in transformed cells. (musc.edu)
The closely related N-ras gene has been detected in human neuroblastoma and sarcoma cell lines. (edu.au)
RB1 encodes the protein pRB and was the first tumor suppressor gene to be molecularly defined. (medscape.com)
Note that by convention gene names are italicized and the proteins they make are not. (cancerquest.org)
As an example TP 53 refers to the gene and p53 refers to the protein. (cancerquest.org)
We have two copies of each gene and for oncogenes, a single defective copy is enough to cause a cell to divide. (cancerquest.org)
HER2/neu (also called ERB B2 ) is the gene that encodes the human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2. (cancerquest.org)
We demonstrate that Runx2 gene activity is repressed by the direct interaction of the homeodomain transcription factor Nkx3.2 with the proximal Runx2 P1 promoter. (umassmed.edu)
The ER81 ETS protein, for example, is activated in human breast cancer cells by the oncoprotein HER-2, resulting in over-expression of the prosurvival telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
This protein is highly similar to the gene products of S. cerevisiae cdc28 and S. pombe cdc2. (thermofisher.com)
Mutations in this gene as well as in its related proteins including D-type cyclins, p16(INK4a) and Rb were all found to be associated with tumorigenesis of a variety of cancers. (thermofisher.com)
MYC is a transcription factor regulating global gene expression through heterodimerization with the protein myc-associated factor X (MAX) [ 1 - 3 ]. (oncotarget.com)
A proto-oncogene is a gene that becomes an oncogene, a gene that has the potential to cause cancer, through mutations or an increase in expression. (shu.edu)
The expression of the transcription factors c-FOS and c-MYC was examined with Western blot, and MYC , CDKN2A , ERBB2 and TERT gene expression was assessed with quantitative PCR. (biomedcentral.com)
[ 1 ] His prediction was subsequently supported by the cloning of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene ( RB1 ) and by functional studies of the retinoblastoma protein, Rb. (medscape.com)
For example, the TP53 gene, located on chromosome 17, encodes a 53-kd nuclear protein that functions as a cell cycle checkpoint. (medscape.com)
ONCOGENE FUSION includes an ONCOGENE as at least one of the fusion partners and such gene fusions are often detected in neoplastic cells and are transcribed into ONCOGENE FUSION PROTEINS. (edu.au)
Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. (nih.gov)

Another study showed that oncogenic transformation by ras and fos also requires Jun N-terminal phosphorylation at Serine 63 and 73. (wikipedia.org)
CD13/APN transcription is induced by RAS/MAPK-mediated phosphorylation of Ets-2 in activated endothelial cells. (musc.edu)
Ras-mediated phosphorylation of a conserved threonine residue enhances the transactivation activities of c-Ets1 and c-Ets2. (musc.edu)
Mdm2 Phosphorylation Regulates Its Stability and Has Contrasting Effects on Oncogene and Radiation-Induced Tumorigenesis. (umassmed.edu)
For instance, the stability of MYC protein modulated by phosphorylation is regulated by promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger ( PLZF ) protein and long noncoding RNA PVT1 [ 9 , 10 ]. (oncotarget.com)
A sub examination was also carried out, in which R2 was set since the referential worth and compared to Mob ailment, to be able to measure the influence of a neighborhood acute mobiliza tion on protein expression and exercise amounts as evi denced by phosphorylation level variations. (dubinhibitors.com)

Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2" by people in this website by year, and whether "Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (umassmed.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2" by people in Profiles. (umassmed.edu)
Lastly, we examine the link between growth control and osteogenic differentiation by tissue-specific deletion of the Mdm2 proto-oncogene in developing skeletal tissues of the mouse embryo. (umassmed.edu)
Mdm2 is a proto-oncogene that is amplified in approximately 7% of cancers and is frequently seen in soft tissue tumors. (shu.edu)
Mdm2 protein has the activity of an ubiquitin ligase, which allows for the targeted degradation of its substrates, including p53. (shu.edu)
The p19ARF protein, which is encoded by the same locus as p16, also leads to cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the ability of MDM2 to inactivate TP53. (medscape.com)

Although genetic and epigenetic aberrations that occur in components of the central dogma clearly elicit disease development in humans, recent findings also point to a prominent role for non-protein-coding regions of the genome in regulating cell and tissue homeostasis, as well as in contributing to the formation of human tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
In human lung tumors, combined activation of K-RAS and inactivation of RASSF1A is closely associated with the development of the most aggressive and worst prognosis tumors. (cancerindex.org)
CD30hi lymphocytes also had 4 fold far more nuclear found ERBB protein and above expression and nuclear localization of ERBB one and 2 are popular in tumors. (dubinhibitors.com)

The p16INK4A protein is a cell-cycle inhibitor that acts by inhibiting activated cyclin D:CDK4/6 complexes, which play a crucial role in the control of the cell cycle by phosphorylating Rb protein. (medscape.com)

activator of transcription and develop. (gsea-msigdb.org)
They can act as transport proteins, regulator proteins, or activator proteins. (lookformedical.com)

TP53 encodes the protein p53, which is known as the "guardian of the genome. (medscape.com)
Among the viral transcripts, preC mRNA encodes precore protein. (biomedcentral.com)
This locus, however, also encodes a protein from an alternative reading frame, designated p19ARF. (medscape.com)
It encodes a protein that prevents separin from promoting sister chromatid separation during mitosis [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Rho GTPase effectors are a large group of proteins and include actin nucleation promoting molecules, adaptors, as well as kinases. (biomedcentral.com)

KRAS and YAP1 converge on the transcription factor FOS and activate a transcriptional program involved in regulating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). (nih.gov)

RASSF1A Deficiency Enhances RAS-Driven Lung Tumorigenesis. (cancerindex.org)

Transcriptional activation of a conserved sequence element by ras requires a nuclear factor distinct from c-fos or c-jun. (musc.edu)
Here, we describe the first transgenic mouse model for activation of K-RAS in the lung in a RASSF1A-defective background. (cancerindex.org)
Activation of p21 or p16 therefore causes cell cycle arrest. (medscape.com)
LPLI-induced cell cycle progression can be regulated by the activation or elevated expressions of cell cycle-specific proteins. (biomedcentral.com)

c-jun was the first oncogenic transcription factor discovered. (wikipedia.org)
The ETS family of oncogenic transcription factors in solid tumours. (musc.edu)

Together, these findings implicate transcriptional regulation of EMT by YAP1 as a significant component of oncogenic RAS signaling. (nih.gov)

Differentiation of the mononuclear phagocyte system during mouse embryogenesis: the role of transcription factor PU.1. (musc.edu)
Members of the Runx family of transcription factors play essential roles in the differentiation and development of several organ systems. (umassmed.edu)
Directed network wiring identifies a key protein interaction in embryonic stem cell differentiation. (uchicago.edu)

The carboxy-terminal catalytic domain of the GTPase-activating protein inhibits nuclear signal transduction and morphological transformation mediated by the CSF-1 receptor. (musc.edu)
Depletion of NUP107 inhibits the growth of GBM cell lines through p53 protein stabilization. (bvsalud.org)
Metformin Enhances the Effect of Regorafenib and Inhibits Recurrence and Metastasis of Hepatic Carcinoma After Liver Resection via Regulating Expression of Hypoxia Inducible Factors 2α (HIF-2α) and 30 kDa HIV Tat-Interacting Protein (TIP30). (cancerindex.org)

1) Characterize novel families of oncoproteins (Pbx and Meis) that dimerize with and regulate the DNA binding properties of Hox proteins. (stanford.edu)
Some proto-oncogenes work to regulate cell death. (cancerquest.org)
The mutant proteins often retain some of their capabilities but are no longer sensitive to the controls that regulate the normal form of the protein. (cancerquest.org)
Rel frequently combines with other related proteins (NF-KAPPA B, I-kappa B, relA) to form heterodimers that regulate transcription. (childrensmercy.org)

Thus it can be inferred from our findings that the alternative splicing exon IDX from H-Ras, coupled with the immediately downstream intron sequences, may contain an ncRNA. (lidsen.com)

Using a transgenic mouse model, we observe Runx2 transcription through one of its two known promoters (designated P1 in pre-cartilaginous mesenchymal condensations as early as E9.5. (umassmed.edu)

Although somatic activating mutations in KRAS appear in 97% of PDAC patients, additional factors are required to initiate PDAC. (ox.ac.uk)

cyclin B1 interacting protein 1 [Sourc. (gsea-msigdb.org)

JUN mRNA was decreased and, as JUN transcription is autoregulated by JUN protein,and JUN heterodimerizes with Meq. (dubinhibitors.com)
We propose that even though total JUN protein was enhanced in CD30hi lymphocytes, it is actually not out there for auto transactivation, an substitute chance is as JUN protein is stabilized by submit translational interactions with Meq, the JUN mRNA might not basically reflect the total JUN protein levels. (dubinhibitors.com)
Here, we highlight that an important RNA sequence region, encompassing an exon-intron hairpin loop (also called IDX-rasISS1), of the H-Ras pre-mRNA may encode an ncRNA that regulates p68 RNA helicase. (lidsen.com)

These are frequently activated by fusion to other transcriptional proteins resulting in chimeric transcription factors. (stanford.edu)

The CDK4-cyclinD complex normally phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein (Rb protein), leading to release of the E2F transcription factor and cell cycle progression. (medscape.com)

Most resulting proteins lead in techniques with IGFBPs, which plan methylated to modulate the CLASP of acts in the mode, react salt of IGFs to trim members for mice, promote cornea like supplements of IGFs, and be as encoding mitochondria here of IGFs. (evakoch.com)

and (2) through the paracrine release of trophic factors to induce tissue repair by endogenous cells [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Within their GTPase domains, they share approximately 30% amino acid identity with the Ras proteins and 40-95% identity within the family. (biomedcentral.com)

epidermal growth factor receptor pathw. (gsea-msigdb.org)

capping actin protein of muscle Z-line. (gsea-msigdb.org)
fascin actin-bundling protein 1 [Sourc. (gsea-msigdb.org)

Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
Different cancer types tend to depend on a limited number of 'driver' oncogene mutations. (cancerquest.org)

Family of retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (ras) originally isolated from Harvey (H-ras, Ha-ras, rasH) and Kirsten (K-ras, Ki-ras, rasK) murine sarcoma viruses. (edu.au)
The central dogma of molecular biology states that the transfer of genetic information within cells transpires sequentially from DNA to RNA to proteins, whose coding sequences comprise a paltry 1.5-2% of the human genome [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Open reading frame 6 (ORF6), the accessory protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that suppresses host type-I interferon signaling, possesses amyloidogenic sequences. (bvsalud.org)

We demonstrate here that GSK-3 maintains the MLL leukemia stem cell transcriptional program by promoting the conditional association of CREB and its coactivators TORC and CBP with homedomain protein MEIS1, a critical component of the MLL-subordinate program, which in turn facilitates HOX-mediated transcription and transformation. (stanford.edu)
These data highlight that ESE-1 contains NLS and NES signals that play a critical role in regulating its subcellular localization and function, and that an intact SAR domain mediates MEC transformation exclusively in the cytoplasm, via a novel nontranscriptional mechanism, whereby the SAR motif is accessible for ligand and/or protein interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
These findings are significant, since they provide novel molecular insights into the functions of ETS transcription factors in mammary cell transformation. (biomedcentral.com)
Overexpression of one ETS protein in particular, the epithelium-specific ETS factor ESE-1, is implicated in human mammary transformation. (biomedcentral.com)
While previous publications have established ESE-1's transcription factor function, we have reported that ESE-1 initiates transformation of MECs via a novel non-nuclear, non-transcriptional mechanism [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Impaired Pigp expression in Wbp7-/- macrophages abolished GPI anchor-dependent loading of proteins on the cell membrane. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Endocytic trafficking dynamically regulates neuronal plasma membrane protein presentation and activity, and plays a central role in excitability and plasticity. (umassmed.edu)
Over the course of my dissertation research I investigated endocytic mechanisms regulating two neuronal membrane proteins: the anesthetic-activated potassium leak channel, KCNK3, as well as the psychostimulant-sensitive dopamine transporter (DAT). (umassmed.edu)

Two factors concur to determine specific Rho GTPase function: tissue specificity of GTPase effectors and distinct intracellular localizations of closely related Rho GTPases, due to different lipid modifications [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Constitutively active ERK is found to increase c-jun transcription and stability through CREB and GSK3. (wikipedia.org)
This complete characterization of hASCs cultivated in pooled allogeneic human serum, a suitable xeno-free approach, shows that pooled allogeneic human serum provides a high proliferation rate, which can be attributed for the first time to C-MYC protein expression, and showed cell stability for safe clinical applications in compliance with good manufacturing practice. (biomedcentral.com)

Moreover, the HBV is capable of selectively and specifically altering the expression of intracellular factors, which are involved in the host immune response, to mediate persistent viral infection [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Cancer cells that express oncogenic alleles of RAS typically require sustained expression of the mutant allele for survival, but the molecular basis of this oncogene dependency remains incompletely understood. (nih.gov)
Notch signaling cascades crosstalk with fibroblast growth factor and WNT signaling cascades in the tumor microenvironment to maintain cancer stem cells and remodel the tumor microenvironment. (spandidos-publications.com)
Selected oncogenes that have been associated with numerous cancer types are described in more detail below. (cancerquest.org)
The ETS family transcription factor ESE-1 is often overexpressed in human breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)

We are studying the effects and consequences of protein fusion on the transcriptional and transforming activities of these proteins using in vitro and animal models. (stanford.edu)

pRB functions as a negative regulatory transcription factor during the G1 to S phase cell cycle transition. (medscape.com)

Rho GTPases represent a family of small GTP-binding proteins involved in cell cytoskeleton organization, migration, transcription, and proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
A structural feature that distinguishes the Rho proteins from other small GTPases is the so-called Rho insert domain located between a β strand and an α helix within the small GTPase domain [ 1 - 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy13

Organisms10

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs134

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Phenomena and Processes70

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Genes31

Kinase20

Cellular16

Apoptosis10

Receptors2

Induces4

Pathways4

Gene25

Phosphorylation6

Mdm27

Tumors3

Inhibitor1

Activator2

Encodes4

Kinases1

Activate1

Tumorigenesis1

Activation4

Oncogenic transcription2

Regulation1

Differentiation3

Inhibits3

Regulate4

Downstream1

Transgenic mouse model1

KRAS1

Cyclin1

MRNA3

Chimeric1

Progression1

Mice1

Induce1

Amino acid1

Epidermal1

Actin2

Mutations2

Sequences3

Transformation5

Membrane3

Effectors1

Stability2

Intracellular1

Cancer4

Transcriptional1

Regulatory1

GTPases2