• An elevation of the intracellular calcium level, which is mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and L-type Ca2+ channels both, activates the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathway involved in synaptic modification. (asahq.org)
  • Because the effects of local anesthetics on cellular signal transduction in neuronal cells are not well-known, the authors investigated whether they affect the MAP kinase signaling pathway using PC12 cells. (asahq.org)
  • Furthermore, ectopically expressed NPAS3 in PC12 cells produced parallel responses for nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells [NF-κB (P65)] expression, which specifies that NPAS3 regulates VGF through the NF-κB signaling pathway. (frontiersin.org)
  • Alternatively, in non-genomic pathway, AR activate MAP kinase signaling pathway [ 2 ] and Src signaling pathway [ 3 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Homeodomain-interacting protein kinases (HIPKs) belong to the CMGC kinase family and are closely related to dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinases (DYRKs). (nature.com)
  • HIPKs belong to the CMGC group of serine/threonine kinases and are part of the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase (DYRK) family. (nature.com)
  • Both the phosphorylation of MAP kinase and the induction of c-Fos were detected by immunoblotting. (asahq.org)
  • In this study we used phosphorylation of the transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein as a functional readout to identify cells responding to EGF and FGF-2. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • Phosphorylation of the C terminus of c-Fos has been implicated in serum response element-mediated repression of c-fos transcription after its induction by serum growth factors. (nih.gov)
  • We now provide evidence that two growth-regulated, nucleus- and cytoplasm-localized protein kinases, 90-kDa ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase), contribute to the serum-induced phosphorylation of c-Fos. (nih.gov)
  • The major phosphopeptides derived from biosynthetically labeled c-Fos correspond to phosphopeptides generated after phosphorylation of c-Fos in vitro with both RSK and MAP kinase. (nih.gov)
  • The phosphorylation sites identified for RSK (Ser-362) and MAP kinase (Ser-374) are in the transrepression domain. (nih.gov)
  • This study suggests a role for nuclear RSK and MAP kinase in modulating newly synthesized c-Fos phosphorylation and downstream signaling. (nih.gov)
  • Application of tensor PLSR to a joint signaling-transcriptomic dataset revealed a function for a novel phosphorylation site on an understudied transcription factor. (systemsbioe.org)
  • The canonical TGFβ signalling pathway involves ligand-dependent assembly of a heteromeric receptor complex, receptor-kinase activation and subsequent phosphorylation and activation of SMAD proteins, which are transcriptional regulators that consequently accumulate in the nucleus. (nature.com)
  • In 2020, global CRC cases increased by 6%, with a mortality rate of 29 per 100,000 people in men and 20 per 100,000 people in women ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • studies in rodents suggest that it is a transcriptional inhibitor in the absence of Ras, but activates transcription when Ras is present. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recombinant HIPKs and DYRK1A are auto-activated and phosphorylate the negative elongation factor SPT5, the transcription factor c-Myc, and the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II, suggesting a direct function in transcriptional regulation. (nature.com)
  • Given that OKSM (Yamanaka) factors convert somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, alterations in transcriptional state could affect destiny of the cells. (intechopen.com)
  • Pathway and Gene Ontology analysis showed enrichment in MAP kinase signaling, transcriptional regulation and DNA binding. (elsevierpure.com)
  • AR protein levels are controlled by both transcriptional regulation [ 4 , 5 ] and post-transcriptional regulation [ 6 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Although the current generation of dCas9-based transcription activators is able to achieve up-regulation of some endogenous loci, the magnitude of transcriptional up-regulation achieved by individual single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) 12 typically ranges from low to ineffective 8 - 11 . (cdc.gov)
  • NS is not an inherited disorder - it is due to post-zygotic mutations in the RAS/MAP kinase pathway (a mosaic "RASopathy") responsible for transmitting extracellular growth factor signals to the nuclear transcription cascade, affecting cellular growth, apoptosis, and differentiation. (aad.org)
  • SP600125 inhibited interleukin-1β-induced JNK activity and activator protein-1 activation, but it did not affect the activation of extracellular-regulated kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and nuclear factor-κB. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The expression of c-Fos induced by potassium chloride was also suppressed by dibucaine, tetracaine (concentrations that inhibited 50% of the activity of positive control [IC50s] were 16.2+/-0.2 and 73.2+/-0.7 microM, respectively), and PD 98059, a mitogen-activated/extracellular receptor-regulated kinase inhibitor. (asahq.org)
  • It has recently been reported that mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase (also known as extracellular signal reactive kinase [Erk]) might play an important role in linking membrane depolarization to gene expression in the postsynaptic neurons. (asahq.org)
  • Ligands of the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) superfamily of growth factors initiate signal transduction through a bewildering complexity of ligand-receptor interactions. (nature.com)
  • Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. (creativebiomart.net)
  • CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (creativebiomart.net)
  • MAP kinase subfamily.Contains 1 protein kinase domain. (creativebiomart.net)
  • Increased cAMP can activate protein kinase A, which phosphorylates the transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). (jneurosci.org)
  • The locus at chromosome 1q21 was identified by linkage mapping in 1998, but the gene has only recently been discovered due to difficulty with sequencing this highly repetitive region and was previously missed using next-generation sequencing. (medscape.com)
  • Many of these genes, including those for activin A (Inhba), tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene 6 (Tnfaip6), matrix metalloproteinase 19 (Mmp19), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (Timp1), and podoplanin (Pdpn), were significantly FGF-2 dependent following injury to cartilage in vitro and to joint tissues in vivo. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Using partial least squares regression (PLSR), we built a predictive model of host-cell responses to virus infection, which uncovered new connections between MAP kinase signaling pathways. (systemsbioe.org)
  • RESULTS: Murine cartilage avulsion injury resulted in rapid activation of the 3 MAP kinase pathways as well as NF-κB. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Proteins in this subfamily regulate transcription when recruited by serum response factor to bind to serum response elements. (wikipedia.org)
  • To direct signals to specific target genes, Ets proteins interact with (other) transcription factors that promote the binding of Ets proteins to composite Ras-responsive elements. (embl.de)
  • Proteins that act both at the cell surface and intracellularly will be discussed in this thesis, with particular emphasis on the fibroblast growth factors. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • Signaling components affected by metals include growth factor receptors, G-proteins, MAP kinases, and nuclear transcription factors. (cdc.gov)
  • One of the major classes of virulence factors includes effector proteins that are delivered into the host through a type III protein secretion system (TTSS) to suppress plant immune responses, and also to facilitate disease development [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Some defense proteins such as beta-glucosidase aggregating factor were strongly down regulated and may be regulated directly by opaque2 . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Programmable DNA binding proteins have emerged as an exciting platform for engineering synthetic transcription factors for modulating endogenous gene expression 5 - 11 . (cdc.gov)
  • Among the established custom DNA binding domains, Cas9 is most easily scaled to facilitate genome-scale perturbations 3 , 4 due to its simplicity of programming relative to zinc finger proteins and transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs). (cdc.gov)
  • To reduce the risk of analyzing cell line- pathway can be divided into distinct stages based on the specific features, we used several representative cell lines for recombination status of the Ig genes and on the expression each of four major stages in B cell development: pro-B, pre-B, pattern of surface markers and the presence of intracellular proteins [1- 6]. (lu.se)
  • Segaert S, Van Cutsem E. Clinical signs, pathophysiology and management of skin toxicity during therapy with epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors. (medscape.com)
  • Applying "drug target constellation" (DTECT) mapping, we further show that protein levels of TTF1 and cMYC predict response to targeted therapies including aurora kinase, Bcl2, and HSP90 inhibitors. (oncotarget.com)
  • We here evaluated the effects of SP600125 (anthra[1,9- cd ]pyrazole-6 (2 H )-one), an inhibitor of c-Jun NH 2 -terminal kinase (JNK), on the activation of PSCs. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Additionally, severe hypoxia and ER stress activated ADAM17 and ectodomain shedding of TNFR1 involving mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases and reactive oxygen species (ROS). (ox.ac.uk)
  • Dibucaine and tetracaine at clinical concentrations were found to inhibit the activation of MAP kinase and the expression of c-Fos mediated by L-type Ca2+ channels in PC12 cells. (asahq.org)
  • MAP kinases act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals, and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation and development. (creativebiomart.net)
  • This kinase is closely related to p38 MAP kinase, both of which can be activated by proinflammatory cytokines and cellular stress. (creativebiomart.net)
  • Because age-related cellular senescence and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been recognised as risk factors for CRC development, the recent finding that type 2 diabetic patients present an elevated circulating volume of senescent cells raises the question whether type 2 diabetes facilitates the process of CRC tumorigenesis by inducing premature cell senescence. (frontiersin.org)
  • What are physical characteristics found in all tyrosine kinase receptors? (flashcardmachine.com)
  • 5 MAP kinase has been shown to be activated by calcium influx through both N -methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and L-type Ca 2+ channels. (asahq.org)
  • ADAM17/tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα)-converting enzyme (TACE) has been initially recognized to release TNFα as well as its receptors (TNFRs) from the membrane. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Using the 6-hydroxydopamine lesion model of Parkinson's disease and differential display PCR, we have identified a set of more than 30 genes whose expression rapidly increases in response to stimulation of striatal dopamine D 1 receptors. (jneurosci.org)
  • e.g. inflammation, genotoxicity, and This chapter focuses on issues as- ellers, growth factors, growth factor epigenetic alterations) and can have sociated with the understanding and receptors, signal transducers, and both genetic and epigenetic origins. (who.int)
  • Cranking up the levels of free zinc prolonged the expression of cytokines IL-6 and TNFα-late stages of IgE signaling-and vice versa. (rupress.org)
  • It has recently been suggested that MAP kinase plays a role in coupling the synaptic excitation to gene expression in the nucleus of postsynaptic neurons. (asahq.org)
  • Conclusions: These results indicate that transcription factor gene expression responses to exercise depend highly on insulin sensitivity in healthy people. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Using quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping researchers may identify plasticity regions that directly affect the reaction norm (see text and Fig. 3 for examples), or evaluate differential gene expression in different environments with microarray technology. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
  • The androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that promotes prostate cancer (PC) cell growth through control of target gene expression. (oncotarget.com)
  • Fibroblast growth factor 2 drives changes in gene expression following injury to murine cartilage in vitro and in vivo. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Molecular mechanisms of the initiation of transcription from TATA box have been well known as the most essential nuclear events in mammalian cells. (intechopen.com)
  • More than 30 mammalian genes comprise the TGFβ superfamily of growth factors. (nature.com)
  • Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) induce the proliferation of neural precursor cells isolated from specific regions of the embryonic and adult brain. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • This can either occur by cell surface receptor interactions, as in the case with peptide growth factors, or by interactions with intracellular molecules, as in the case with steroid hormones. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • Although these factors possess remarkably similar sequence homology, they do not bind FGFRs and are involved in intracellular processes unrelated to the FGFs (Olsen et al. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • At the same time, the nucleus pulposus cells release Fas ligand (FasL) tumor necrosis factor to destroy the infiltrating immune cells and maintain immune isolation [ 14 , 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Interleukin (IL)-9-producing subset called Th9 cell, Th22 cells which primarily secrete IL-22, IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor- and Th25 cells via producing IL-25 are believed to be important for initiating allergic reactions and developing airway inflammation. (cdc.gov)
  • How is the insulin tyrosine kinase receptor unusual? (flashcardmachine.com)
  • How is a tyrosine kinase receptor activated? (flashcardmachine.com)
  • For the class II DYRK ortholog from D. melanogaster it was demonstrated that the critical tyrosine is cis -auto-phosphorylated by the nascent kinase in a transitory intermediate state during maturation at the ribosome 3 . (nature.com)
  • Global mapping of protein-metabolite interactions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals that Ser-Leu dipeptide regulates phosphoglycerate kinase activity. (mpg.de)
  • The ageing process is thought to contribute to tumorigenesis via aberrant genome maintenance and systemic inflammation that result in tissue damage and occurrence of unfavourable genome modifications ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The cells were stimulated with either 50 mM KCl or 1 microM ionomycin, and activated MAP kinase was thus immunoprecipitated. (asahq.org)
  • Pretreatment of the cells with 1 mM (ethylenedioxy)-diethyl-enedinitrilotetraacetic acid or 5 micron nifedipine blocked the MAP kinase activation induced by 50 mM KCl, whereas pretreatment with 2 microM omega-conotoxin GIVA did not. (asahq.org)
  • After growth factor treatment for 6 d, a population of nestin-positive cells responding to both EGF and FGF-2 were identified. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • The 6-d-old cultures also contained a small number of TuJ1-positive cells that responded to FGF-2 only. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • Not long after FGF1 and FGF2 were isolated, another group isolated a pair of heparin -binding growth factors which they named HBGF-1 and HBGF-2, whilst a third group isolated a pair of growth factors that caused proliferation of cells in a bioassay containing blood vessel endothelium cells which they called ECGF-1 and ECGF-2. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • Endothelial cell lineage tracing showed that BNP directly stimulated the proliferation of resident endothelial cells via NPR-A binding and p38 MAP kinase activation. (elifesciences.org)
  • SP600125 inhibited platelet-derived growth factor-induced proliferation, inducible monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 production, and serum-induced type I collagen production. (aspetjournals.org)
  • 3,5) Theiler et al reported specific post-zygotic mutations in the transmembrane domain of FGFR2 in 6 of 8 children with a cerebriform NS (with 4 of the 8 patients demonstrating a papillomatous and pedunculated appearance). (aad.org)
  • It has been reported that MAP kinase SakA plays a pivotal role in responses and adaptation to osmotic stress [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Fibroblast growth factors , or FGFs , are a family of growth factors involved in wound healing and embryonic development. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • Within the HIPK family, HIPK1 and HIPK2 are the most closely related members, sharing about 93% sequence identity in their kinase domains, while HIPK3 is slightly less conserved with 87% identity. (nature.com)
  • Higher concentrations of dibucaine and tetracaine were needed to suppress the activation of MAP kinase induced by ionomycin (the IC50 values of dibucaine and tetracaine were 62.5+/-2.2 and 330.5+/-32.8 microM, respectively) compared with potassium chloride (the IC50 values of dibucaine and tetracaine were 17.7+/-1.0 and 70.2+/-1.2 microM, respectively). (asahq.org)
  • Instead, we found that ADAM17 induction by severe hypoxia can be mimicked by ER stressors such as Thapsigargin and occurs as a consequence of the activation of the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4 and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) arms of UPR in several tumor cell lines. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Cas9 nuclease can be converted into an RNA-guided DNA binding protein (dCas9) via inactivation of its two catalytic domains 12 , 13 and then fused to transcription activation domains. (cdc.gov)
  • Thus, SMADs both transmit the signal into the nucleus and execute the downstream effects by directly regulating target-gene transcription. (nature.com)
  • 2017 ). It appears from their investigations that genetic factors seem to exert a significant influence on the carcinogenesis of the cervix. (researchsquare.com)
  • 6 deCode Genetic - Amgen Inc, Reykjavik, Iceland. (nih.gov)
  • At present, the mechanism of IDD is still unclear, and researchers have proposed a variety of theories to explore the causes of its occurrence and development [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Interleukin-1β activated both 46- and 54-kDa JNK, whereas platelet-derived growth factor-BB activated only 46-kDa JNK. (aspetjournals.org)
  • bFGF is a more potent angiogenic factor than VEGF ( vascular endothelial growth factor ) or PDGF ( platelet-derived growth factor ). (beauty104.com.tw)
  • LIFUS stimulation can also improve memory and cognitive functions in vascular encephalopathy rats [ 6 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • [ 6 ] However, the gene mutations responsible for the different forms of CMT1 are clearly myelin genes. (medscape.com)
  • However, FGFs 11-14, also known as FGF homologous factors 1-4 (FHF1-FHF4), have been shown to have distinct functional differences compared to the FGFs. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • The facility is also providing cross-linking analysis for mapping protein structure of functional protein complexes. (carnegiescience.edu)
  • Knowledge about how growth factors and hormones function is pivotal in order to rationally try to stimulate or inhibit their effects for therapeutical purposes. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • Recent global analyses of gene transcripts revealed that specific transcription factors (TFs) and their networking systems physiologically correspond to the onset of human diseases, including cancer. (intechopen.com)
  • In this chapter, revisiting known TFs, we would argue if transcription controlling strategies could contribute for the novel therapies on human diseases. (intechopen.com)
  • Changes in mRNA expression were assessed using microarrays, and miRNA analysis was performed in a subset of 6 of the participants using sequencing techniques. (elsevierpure.com)
  • ADAM17 expression was also increased in xenografts displaying ER stress because of treatment with the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitory antibody Bevacizumab. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Second, Mutated enhancer box (E-box) of VGF promoter showed a significant response to this basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, which suggested an indirect regulatory mechanism for controlling VGF expression by NPAS3. (frontiersin.org)
  • Using model-based clustering, we found two major proteomic subtypes of SCLC characterized by either high thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF1)/low cMYC protein expression or high cMYC/low TTF1. (oncotarget.com)
  • Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 1993 Dec 1;90(23):10952-6. (nih.gov)
  • Calcium and activated MAP kinase were necessary for the wave, which took several minutes to occur, in contrast to rapid calcium releases. (rupress.org)
  • Transcription factor ATF2, and microtubule dynamics regulator stathmin have been shown to be the substrates of this kinase. (creativebiomart.net)
  • Gray, A. M. & Mason, A. J. Requirement for activin A and transforming growth factor-β1 pro-regions in homodimer assembly. (nature.com)