• Transcription factor AP-2 is known to be essential for the development of the brainstem including the monoaminergic nuclei, and has the ability to regulate many genes in the monoaminergic systems. (projectsparadise.com)
  • Downregulation of AP-2 transcription factor genes is not required for lactogenic differentiation of HC11 cells but may functionally be involved in aspects of lactogenic differentiation in vivo that are not reflected by the HC11 system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This protein forms a tetrameric complex with the alpha subunit, and stimulates transcription of target genes. (nih.gov)
  • Transcription factors are proteins that regulate the transcription of genes, or the production of mRNA from DNA. (biolegend.com)
  • The underphosphorylated, active form of Rb interacts directly with E2F1 , leading to cell cycle arrest, while the hyperphosphorylated form decouples from E2F1, thus promoting the transcription of genes promoting entry into the S phase. (biolegend.com)
  • The transcription factors RFX and CIITA are major players in regulation of the expression of all classical and nonclassical major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) genes . (bvsalud.org)
  • We discovered that ANKRA2, the closest paralogue of RFXANK, can substitute for RFXANK in the activation of MHC-II genes and that this ability is mediated by its ankyrin repeat domain (ARD). (bvsalud.org)
  • The MESP2 gene provides instructions for making a transcription factor, which is a protein that attaches (binds) to specific regions of DNA and helps control the activity of particular genes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The AP-2 genes are expressed in many human breast cancer cell lines, and critical AP-2-binding sites are present in both the ERBB-2 (HER2/neu) and estrogen receptor promoters. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Researchers have identified two genes that may contribute to Raynaud phenomenon, a condition where blood vessels in the extremities constrict and limit blood flow. (medscape.com)
  • The researchers identified two genes that are likely involved with Raynaud. (medscape.com)
  • That process of expressing the encoded genome is controlled by transcription factors and all these other things that interact with the promoters, which turn the genes on and off and turn the volume of the genes up and down like thermostat switches, or whatever analogy you want to use. (edge.org)
  • Here, we show that among 45 transcription factors up-regulated in mycorrhizal roots of the legume Lotus japonicus, expression of a unique GRAS protein particularly increases in arbuscule-containing cells under low phosphate conditions and displays a phylogenetic pattern characteristic of symbiotic genes. (uni-koeln.de)
  • TFIIB is localised to the nucleus and provides a platform for PIC formation by binding and stabilising the DNA-TBP (TATA-binding protein) complex and by recruiting RNA polymerase II and other transcription factors. (wikipedia.org)
  • TFIIB makes protein-protein interactions with the TATA-binding protein (TBP) subunit of transcription factor IID, and the RPB1 subunit of RNA polymerase II. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, Kayed et al ( 15 ) demonstrated that RUNX2 was overexpressed in PC and could be regulated by certain cytokines, including transforming growth factor β1 and bone morphogenetic protein 2. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • GS-002 also induced endoplasmic reticular (ER) stress as evidenced by increases in ER stress-responsive proteins including glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), growth arrest- and DNA damage-inducible gene 153 (GADD153), phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2 α (eIF2 α ), phosphorylated protein endoplasmic-reticular-resident kinase (PERK), and ATF-3. (hindawi.com)
  • This gene encodes the GA-binding protein transcription factor, beta subunit. (nih.gov)
  • Note: In August, 2008, the nomenclature of the GA binding protein transcription factors was clarified. (nih.gov)
  • Their regulation may be carried out either through direct binding to DNA as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors or via modulation in an indirect manner of signaling pathway molecules (e.g., protein kinase C) and other transcription factors (nuclear factor kappa B and sterol regulatory element binding protein). (springer.com)
  • planttfhunter is used to identify plant transcription factors (TFs) from protein sequence data and classify them into families and subfamilies using the classification scheme implemented in PlantTFDB. (rdrr.io)
  • First, the general TFs (GTFs), including preinitiation complex components TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF, and THIIH, are the primary protein factors that are required for the initiation of transcription from the TATA box (or TATA element), then elongation is executed by RNA polymerase II (RNA pol II) [ 1 ]. (intechopen.com)
  • On the basis of this action, the SOX2 protein is called a transcription factor. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The encoded protein contains two different binding sites that are known to bind DNA and function as a regulator of gene transcription. (biolegend.com)
  • STAT3 protein belongs to a group of intracellular transcription factors that mediate a variety of functions such as cellular differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. (biolegend.com)
  • Bacteria often can't support over-expression needed to get workable quantities of protein for an assay, and in vitro expression often can't synthesize a fully functional transcription factor. (genomeweb.com)
  • That year, the two published a paper in Science describing a method to trap low-affinity DNA-protein interactions, specifically those of transcription factors. (genomeweb.com)
  • By physically restraining bound molecules against an antibody array, they capture both transient interactions, which yeast two-hybrid or tandem mass spectrometry methods don't, and weak interactions, which are usually obliterated by the wash in protein-DNA microarrays. (genomeweb.com)
  • There was also a significant correlation between the presence of the AP-2α protein and estrogen receptor expression (P=0.018) and between specimens containing both AP-2α/AP-2γ proteins and ERBB-2 expression (P=0.003). (johnshopkins.edu)
  • A cardiomelic developmental field has also been postulated to relate the genetic heterogeneity of HOS (and other similar syndromes) to a cascade of molecules, including the brachyury, sonic hedgehog, bone morphogenetic protein, retinoic acid receptor, and transforming growth factor beta families. (medscape.com)
  • Previous in vitro studies have also indicated that the AP-2 family of proteins may be involved in the etiology of human breast cancer. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Thus, AP-2 proteins may directly regulate the transcription of this growth factor receptor. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Both encode proteins containing a single DNA-binding motif highly conserved with RHF2 and activate transcription mediated by a DNA element recognized by honeybee Mblk-1. (edu.sa)
  • In further studies, two RAD1-interacting proteins were identified. (uni-koeln.de)
  • 2021 [cited 2023 December 10];2:e2021.1911.29. (srce.hr)
  • Retrieved October 2, 2023, from https://hstalks.com/bs/670/ . (hstalks.com)
  • November 3, 2023 ACD Meeting Transcription we're in a pretty good place, less than 3 percent of counties in the country are high community levels where we are recommending people step up. (cdc.gov)
  • Forced expression of this gene in combination with the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor NeuroD1 and the transcription factors POU class 3 homeobox 2 and achaete-scute family basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor 1 can convert fetal and postnatal human fibroblasts into induced neuronal cells, which are able to generate action potentials. (nih.gov)
  • A basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that is required for differentiation of OLIGODENDROCYTES and motor neurons in the spinal cord, and development of somatic motor neurons in the hindbrain. (bvsalud.org)
  • Additionally, the regulation of the DNA binding of the transcriptional activators after stimulation is quantified using chromatin immunoprecipitation, employing epitope-tagged factors and real-time qPCR. (srce.hr)
  • Recombinant HIPKs and DYRK1A are auto-activated and phosphorylate the negative elongation factor SPT5, the transcription factor c-Myc, and the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II, suggesting a direct function in transcriptional regulation. (nature.com)
  • The capability of these cells to differentiate depends on the stem cell type, the regulation of gene expression by various transcription factors and interaction with the stem cell niche 1,4 . (biolegend.com)
  • An ancestral variant of Secretogranin II confers regulation by PHOX2 transcription factors and association with hypertension. (aravindachakravartilab.org)
  • Data obtained with these reagents demonstrate that whereas AP- 2α and AP-2γ are both present in benign breast epithelia, there is a significant up-regulation of AP-2γ expression in breast cancer specimens (P=0.01). (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Transcription factors of the NFAT family: regulation and function. (axonmedchem.com)
  • The signal transduction network induces transcription factor interactions, both off DNA and upon assembly at specific regulatory elements. (hstalks.com)
  • Furthermore, we detected an association (P=0.04) between the expression of AP-2γ and the presence of an additional signal transduction molecule implicated in breast cancer, the insulin-like growth factor I receptor. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • This gene encodes a member of the zinc finger superfamily of transcription factors whose expression, thus far, has been found only in neuronal tissues. (nih.gov)
  • We previously identified the Mblk-1 gene in the honeybee brain, which encodes a transcription factor containing two DNA binding motifs, termed RHF1 and 2 (Takeuchi et al. (edu.sa)
  • The responsible gene has been mapped to band 12q24.1, which encodes the human transcription factor TBX5. (medscape.com)
  • Here we show that the T-box transcription factor Brachyury induces in tumor cells epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), an important step in the progression of primary tumors toward metastasis. (jci.org)
  • Here, we show that hypoxia induces corticosteroid-insensitive inflammation via reduced transcription of histone deacetylase-2 (HDAC2) in lung epithelial and macrophage cells. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the nuclear respiratory factor-2 beta subunit-encoding the GABPB1 gene within the occupational environment. (nih.gov)
  • Molecular mechanisms of the initiation of transcription from TATA box have been well known as the most essential nuclear events in mammalian cells. (intechopen.com)
  • It has been proposed that insulin controls these 2 metabolic branches through distinct signaling pathways. (jci.org)
  • Routine culture was performed using RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% fetal calf serum, L-glutamine, 5 μg/ml Insulin and 10 ng/ml epidermal growth factor (EGF). (biomedcentral.com)
  • All organisms-bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes-have a transcription initiation factor that contains a structural module that binds within the RNA polymerase (RNAP) active-center cleft and interacts with template-strand single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in the immediate vicinity of the RNAP active center. (osti.gov)
  • Once the transcription factor binds to an enhancer region, this can cause stimulation or repression of gene transcription. (biolegend.com)
  • RFX nucleates the formation of a multiprotein complex, called the MHC-II enhanceosome, on MHC-II promoters. (bvsalud.org)
  • We also found that mutations in the fourth ankyrin repeat of RFXANK abolish assembly of the enhanceosome on MHC-II promoters in vivo but not in vitro , suggesting a new role of RFXANK in facilitating promoter occupation in the context of chromatin . (bvsalud.org)
  • Knowledge of the mechanisms by which fatty acids control specific gene expression may identify important risk factors for cancer and provide insight into the development of new therapeutic strategies for a better management of whole body lipid metabolism. (springer.com)
  • The B reader of TFIIB is found in the template tunnel and is important in locating the Inr, mutations in the B reader cause the TSS to change and therefore incorrect transcription to occur (although PIC formation and DNA melting still take place). (wikipedia.org)
  • However, it differs from other aggressive B-cell lymphomas in that it shows defective immunoglobulin production despite the expression of OCT-2, BOB.1, and PU.1 transcription factors and the lack of IgV(H) gene crippling mutations. (nih.gov)
  • [ 2 , 3 , 4 ] A full list of the described mutations is available at the TBX5 Gene Mutation Database , an online locus-specific database that contains germline and somatic mutations of the TBX5 gene. (medscape.com)
  • Based on the TBX5, GATA4, and HEY2, often simultaneously incidence of somatic mutations described in the within the same patient.9-13 The observation of two previously published reports, our study was adequately or more somatic sequence variants in the same powered to replicate the previous studies. (cdc.gov)
  • For the class II DYRK ortholog from D. melanogaster it was demonstrated that the critical tyrosine is cis -auto-phosphorylated by the nascent kinase in a transitory intermediate state during maturation at the ribosome 3 . (nature.com)
  • Transcription factor II B (TFIIB) is a general transcription factor that is involved in the formation of the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex (PIC) and aids in stimulating transcription initiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mice lacking insulin receptor substrate-2 (Irs2) develop beta cell failure, suggesting that insulin signaling is required to maintain an adequate beta cell mass. (nih.gov)
  • Strikingly, expression of theMtCEP7 and MtCLE13 peptide hormone encoding genesregulating antagonistically nodulation similarly involves the MtCRE1 cytokinin receptor and the MtNIN transcription factor. (u-psud.fr)
  • Here we show that bone marrow endosteal SSCs are defined by fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 ( Fgfr3 ) and osteoblast-chondrocyte transitional (OCT) identities with some characteristics of bone osteoblasts and chondrocytes. (nature.com)
  • Analysis of the proximal promoter of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor revealed a novel AP-2-binding site. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Pax6 is a transcription factor present during embryonic development. (biolegend.com)
  • Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), a member of the RUNX family, functions as a critical regulator for osteoblast differentiation ( 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Transcription factors AP-2alpha and AP-2gamma are downregulated during lactation, and their overexpression in transgenic mice impaired the secretory differentiation of the mammary epithelium, resulting in lactation failure. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To explore whether the downregulation of AP-2alpha and AP-2gamma is of functional significance for lactogenic differentiation, we analyzed the expression of the AP-2 family members during the lactogenic differentiation of HC11 mammary epithelial cells in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this report we analyzed AP-2 transcription factor expression in HC11 cells subjected to lactogenic differentiation conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transcription factors (TFs) are critical for B-cell differentiation, affecting gene expression both by repres- sion and transcriptional activation. (lu.se)
  • Here we report that simultaneous overexpression of two transcription factors (TFs) can direct the differentiation of human iPSCs to granulosa-like cells. (biorxiv.org)
  • These findings revealed that RUNX1 acts as a tumor suppressor for myeloid leukemia and is crucial for the development and terminal differentiation of several blood cell lineages 2,3 . (biolegend.com)
  • Taken together, these data strongly support a role for the AP-2 gene family in the control of cell growth and differentiation in breast cancer. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The DYRK family has been characterized in organisms from yeast to humans and can be divided into five subfamilies, class I DYRKs, class II DYRKs, YAKs, HIPKs, and PRP4s 1 . (nature.com)
  • The assay could help accelerate efforts to map where transcription factors bind the genomes of humans and model organisms, Deplancke said. (genomeweb.com)
  • The section is organized into three different types of studies: human cancer mortality studies ( Section 3.1.1 ), studies of lung-retained fibers in humans ( Section 3.1.2 ), and laboratory animal studies ( Section 3.1.3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • This paper was prepared in response to the need for clear communication regarding the risk of transmission of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes COVID-19 in humans and the general societal concern of potential contamination of aquatic animals used as food or their products with the virus. (who.int)
  • Currently, there is no evidence to suggest that SARS-CoV-2 can infect aquatic food animals (e.g. finfish, crustaceans, mol uscs, amphibians) and therefore these animals do not play an epidemiological role in spreading COVID-19 to humans. (who.int)
  • We report that haploinsufficiency for the forkhead transcription factor Foxo1 reverses beta cell failure in Irs2(-/-) mice through partial restoration of beta cell proliferation and increased expression of the pancreatic transcription factor pancreas/duodenum homeobox gene-1 (Pdx1). (nih.gov)
  • Sp transcription elements like Sp1 Sp3 and Sp4 have an effect on multiple cellular procedures and also have been involved with development numerous kinds of malignancies including pancreatic breasts gastric and thyroid cancers [7]. (colinsbraincancer.com)
  • MTM-SDK and MTM-SK (Amount 1) were attained by targeted inactivation from the ketoreductase in charge of the last stage of MTM biosynthesis [33 35 In biochemical and mobile assays both ELF3 substances acted AZD8931 as powerful repressors of Sp1-governed transcription [35]. (colinsbraincancer.com)
  • RUNX1 belongs to the runt domain family of transcription factors and regulates target gene expression through forming a heterodimeric DNA-binding complex with CBFB. (biolegend.com)
  • RUNX1 regulates CD4 gene transcription during multiple stages of T cell development and represses the CD4 gene in CD4-CD8- (double negative) T cells. (biolegend.com)
  • Using bioinformatics, a luciferase reporter assay and western blot analyses, the current study identified that runt‑related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) was a target of miR‑205 in PC and overexpression of miR‑205 suppressed the expression of RUNX2. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Brachyury overexpression also repressed E-cadherin transcription, an effect partially mediated by Slug. (jci.org)
  • There was a significant improvement in the students' identification and transcription scores for conditions 2, 3, and 4, with a moderate effect size. (ed.gov)
  • On the other hand, ATF-3 is rapidly induced in cells treated with growth stimulators such as serum and growth factors [ 20 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • HC11 cells express all AP-2 family members except AP-2delta. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Diabetes is caused by an absolute (type 1) or relative (type 2) deficiency of insulin-producing beta cells. (nih.gov)
  • Given that OKSM (Yamanaka) factors convert somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, alterations in transcriptional state could affect destiny of the cells. (intechopen.com)
  • Numerous studies demonstrate that these immune responses involve distinct immune cells, various pathologic factors, and specific functions and play crucial roles in the initiation and progression of inflammation and fibrosis in the lung exposed to CNTs. (cdc.gov)
  • This transcription initiation-factor structural module preorganizes template-strand ssDNA to engage the RNAP active center, thereby facilitating binding of initiating nucleotides and enabling transcription initiation from initiating mononucleotides. (osti.gov)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are small non-coding RNAs that participate in diverse cellular processes and negatively regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by binding with 3′-untranslated regions (3′-UTRs) ( 2 - 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The ability of transcription factors to regulate specific gene expression, has lately made them hot candidates as drug targets. (projectsparadise.com)
  • Results: Our results indicated higher expression levels of the Pdr1 transcriptional factor, compared to its homologous Pdr3 after treatment with menadione. (srce.hr)
  • To analyse expression of transcription factors which control the Th1 cell commitment in CD. (bmj.com)
  • Interferon γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-4 RNA expression was examined in T lamina propria lymphocytes by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. (bmj.com)
  • The identified transcription factors influence both the global and specific gene expression of the BCLs and have possible implications for diagnosis and treat- ment. (lu.se)
  • To our knowledge, this is the first example in plants where a specific transcription factor coordinates the expression of two antagonistic peptide hormones belonging to different families and regulating antagonistically the same developmental process. (u-psud.fr)
  • One of the great missing pieces in our understanding of gene expression is how transcription factors regulate and control it in an orchestrated fashion. (genomeweb.com)
  • Consequent abnormal expression of the cardiac and limb-specific T-box transcription factors lead to the malformations described in HOS. (medscape.com)
  • 2003. Mutational analysis of Ctnnb1 and Apc in tumors from rats given 1,2-dimethylhydrazine or 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline: mutational 'hotspots' and the relative expression of beta-catenin and c-jun. . (oregonstate.edu)
  • In terms of predicting where in the genome the transcription factors bind, the models we're able to derive seem to be, in general, actually better than the other assays. (genomeweb.com)
  • Recent global analyses of gene transcripts revealed that specific transcription factors (TFs) and their networking systems physiologically correspond to the onset of human diseases, including cancer. (intechopen.com)
  • New functions of the major histocompatibility complex class II-specific transcription factor RFXANK revealed by a high-resolution mutagenesis study. (bvsalud.org)
  • Activating transcription factor-(ATF-) 3, a stress-inducible transcription factor, is rapidly upregulated under various stress conditions and plays an important role in inducing cancer cell apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
  • Changes in dietary fatty acids, specifically the polyunsaturated fatty acids of the ω-3 and ω-6 families and some derived eicosanoids from lipoxygenases, cyclooxygenases, and cytochrome P-450, seem to control the activity of transcription factor families involved in cancer cell proliferation or cell death. (springer.com)
  • Objective Increased activity of Sp family of transcription factors is a frequent and essential event in cancer development and progression. (colinsbraincancer.com)
  • Evaluation of gene regulatory network regulating ovarian AZD8931 cancer development indicates a feasible role from the Sp category of transcription elements within this disease and provides reason for advancement of Sp1 -contending therapeutic strategy. (colinsbraincancer.com)
  • We have now characterized immunological reagents that enable specific AP-2 family members, including AP-2a and AP-2γ, to be detected in human breast cancer epithelium. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • This panelist indicated that these two studies were the closest approximation he could find to occupational cohorts exposed only to fibers shorter than 5 µm, and neither showed evidence of increased cancer mortality. (cdc.gov)
  • During this discussion, one panelist reviewed cancer mortality data published in two studies for an occupational cohort of Libby miners (McDonald et al. (cdc.gov)
  • Two synonymous germline in a majority of these patients.10 13 The same sequence variants were identified in two separate investigators also found somatic sequence variants patients. (cdc.gov)
  • It is encoded by the TFIIB gene, and is homologous to archaeal transcription factor B and analogous to bacterial sigma factors. (wikipedia.org)
  • also known as NCOA3 or AIB1) is a member of the multifunctional p160/SRC family of coactivators, which also includes SRC-1 and SRC-2. (frontiersin.org)
  • SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the family Coronaviridae and genus Betacoronavirus . (who.int)
  • Cachat et al reported a father and 2 sons in a French family with HOS who presented with different types of ASDs: ostium primum ASD, secundum ASD, and sinus venosus ASD, respectively. (medscape.com)
  • The transcription factors bind to any number of DNA motifs in the library, those interactions are trapped, and then the readout matches up each motif with the transcription factor via the barcode. (genomeweb.com)
  • Several studies have clearly demonstrated that distinct cytokine activated signalling and transcription factors regulate the commitment of a naïve T cell along the Th1 or T helper cell type 2 (Th2) phenotype, as well as maintenance of the polarised phenotype. (bmj.com)
  • The results indicate that Pdr1 is most abundant after 30 minutes from the beginning of the treatment, compared with 240 minutes after the treatment when the function of the transcription factor is faded. (srce.hr)
  • Deplancke himself wondered whether this was a scalable technology, or whether it would only be useful to labs interested in transcription factor function. (genomeweb.com)
  • Our findings provide, to our knowledge, new insight into the transcriptional program underlying the host's response to AM colonization and propose a function of GRAS transcription factors including RAD1 and RAM1 during arbuscule development. (uni-koeln.de)
  • C.P. tion stage, why much more detailed molecular analysis is contributed to the design of the study, discussions on statistical analysis of called for [2]. (lu.se)
  • As a transcription factor, Pax6 acts at the molecular level in the signaling and formation of the central nervous system 11 . (biolegend.com)
  • We previously demonstrated the critical involvement of SRC-2 in murine embryo implantation as well as in human endometrial stromal cell (HESC) decidualization, a cellular transformation process required for trophoblast invasion and ultimately placentation. (frontiersin.org)
  • We show here that, like SRC-2, SRC-3 is expressed in the epithelial and stromal cellular compartments of the human endometrium during the proliferative and secretory phase of the menstrual cycle as well as in cultured HESCs. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this paper, we report four sets of crystal structures of bacterial initially transcribing complexes that demonstrate and define details of stepwise, RNA-extension-driven displacement of the "σ-finger" of the bacterial transcription initiation factor σ. (osti.gov)
  • Assembly of this enhanceosome is an obligatory step for recruitment of the coactivator CIITA and thus for activation of MHC-II gene transcription. (bvsalud.org)
  • whereas a type 2 immune response is evidently activated and dominates during the late acute and chronic phases, leading to type 2 inflammation and lung fibrosis. (cdc.gov)