• The latter DNA sequences have been recognized as antioxidant/electrophile response elements or NF-E2-binding motifs to which Nrf2-sMaf heterodimers and p45 NF-E2-sMaf heterodimer bind, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
  • For instance, the p45-NF-E2-sMaf heterodimer regulates genes responsible for platelet production. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although it has not been confirmed by mouse genetic studies, many studies suggest that p45-NFE2-sMaf heterodimer is involved in the regulation of β-globin and other erythroid-related genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The expression profiles of a number of transcription factors suggest that an Nrf2/small Maf heterodimer is the most likely candidate to fulfill this role in vivo. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The erythroid transcription factor NF-E2 is an obligate heterodimer composed of two different subunits (p45 and p18), each containing a basic region-leucine zipper DNA binding domain, and it plays a critical role in erythroid differentiation as an enhancer-binding protein for expression of the β-globin gene. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Fusion with the host cell is most likely mediated by both E1 and E2, through conformational rearrangements of the heterodimer required for fusion rather than a classical class II fusion mechanism (PubMed:16533059, PubMed:29505618, PubMed:24698129). (proteopedia.org)
  • E1/E2 heterodimer binds host apolipoproteins such as APOB and APOE thereby forming a lipo-viro-particle (LVP) (PubMed:25122793, PubMed:29695434, PubMed:24838241). (proteopedia.org)
  • E1/E2 heterodimer binding on CD81 activates the epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway (PubMed:22855500). (proteopedia.org)
  • The structure of the IkappaBalpha ankyrin repeat domain, bound to a partially truncated NF-kappaB heterodimer (p50/ p65), has been determined by X-ray crystallography at 2.7 A resolution. (embl.de)
  • MafK is one of the small Maf proteins, which are basic region and leucine zipper (bZIP)-type transcription factors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nrf2 is a master eukaryotic redox-active factor and belongs to Cap 'n' Collar (Cnc)-bZIP (basic leucine zipper) family of transcription factors. (springer.com)
  • Central to the self-protective antioxidant system is NF-E2-related aspect (Nrf2), a capncollar basic-region leucine zipper nuclear transcription aspect that mediates the principal cellular protection against the cytotoxic ramifications of oxidative tension, including pathways for xenobiotic cleansing, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory response, DNA fix, molecular chaperones, and proteasome systems. (mingsheng88.org)
  • Differential regulation of IL-12 and IL-10 gene expression in macrophages by the basic leucine zipper transcription factor c-Maf fibrosarcoma. (cornell.edu)
  • This gene encodes a member of the basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper family, and can function as a cellular transcription factor. (cancerindex.org)
  • sMafs form homodimers by themselves and heterodimers with other specific bZIP transcription factors, such as CNC (cap 'n' collar) proteins [p45 NF-E2 (NFE2), Nrf1 (NFE2L1), Nrf2 (NFE2L2), and Nrf3 (NFE2L3)] and Bach proteins (BACH1 and BACH2). (wikipedia.org)
  • OBJECTIVE- Sulforaphane is an activator of transcription factor NF-E2-related factor-2 (nrf2) that regulates gene expression through the promoter antioxidant response element (ARE). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Nrf2 regulates the transcription of a battery of protective and metabolic enzymes. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The multifunctional regulator nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) is considered not only as a cytoprotective factor regulating the expression of genes coding for anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and detoxifying proteins, but it is also a powerful modulator of species longevity. (springer.com)
  • This review summarizes our knowledge about Nrf2 and HO-1 across different phyla suggesting their conservative role as stress-protective and anti-aging factors. (springer.com)
  • Nrf2 stabilization and increase in its half-life even to 200 min [ 9 ] allows nuclear translocation and activation of transcription of cytoprotective genes (Fig. 1 ). (springer.com)
  • The nuclear factor erythroid-derived two-like 2-antioxidant response element (Nrf2-ARE) pathway and its downstream antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1 or HO-1) play essential roles in H2 O2 -induced oxidative damage in human melanocytes. (nih.gov)
  • In the nucleus, Nrf2 identifies and binds to a conserved antioxidant response component (ARE) and induces transcription of the battery pack of chemoprotective antoxidant genes9,10, including those encoding antioxidant proteins like heme oxygenase (HO-1)11. (mingsheng88.org)
  • Of several of the pathways, glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3 provides surfaced as the integration stage and plays an essential function in managing the Nrf2 activity. (mingsheng88.org)
  • These results demonstrate that Nrf2 is essential for the transcriptional induction of phase II enzymes and the presence of a coordinate transcriptional regulatory mechanism for phase II enzyme genes. (elsevierpure.com)
  • We have characterized the signal transduction pathways regulating the catabolisis of p45/NF-E2, a bZIP factor activating the erythroid and megakaryocytic gene transcription. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Although studies have identified several miRNAs that regulate erythroid commitment and differentiation, we do not understand the mechanism by which the crucial erythroid transcription factors, GATA-1and NF-E2 directly regulate and control differentiation via miRNA pathways. (molcells.org)
  • Analysis showed function-based networks, shared transcription factor binding sites and signaling pathways for members of the clusters. (biomedcentral.com)
  • NF-KB is important in immune, inflammatory, and apoptotic pathways. (medscape.com)
  • Transient overexpression of UBCv1 impaired activation of NF-κB and AP-1 transcription factors induced by several agonists of these pathways. (mdpi.com)
  • 5 , 6 ] Stimulation of osteoclast precursors with RANKL recruits cytoplasmic tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors (TRAFs) and activates downstream signaling pathways. (e-jbm.org)
  • 7 - 9 ] Activation of these signaling pathways induces the expression of transcription factors such as c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFATc1), a master transcription factor for osteoclastogenesis. (e-jbm.org)
  • Through these pathways activated platelets are accumulated in the follicular vessels surrounding the follicle and due to its released soluble molecules (factors, mediators, chemokines, cytokines, neurotransmitters) locally increase oocyte maturation and hormone secretion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Crosstalk between NF-kappaB and beta-catenin pathways in bacterial-colonized intestinal epithelial cells. (uchicago.edu)
  • Yarrow oil mitigated UC symptoms and regulated the inflammatory cytokines secretion via regulation of NF-κB and PPAR-γ pathways in the mice model, however, this recommendation requires further investigations using clinical studies to confirm the use of the oil on humans. (irjournal.org)
  • ADP ribosylation factors (ARFs), which are members of the Ras superfamily of GTP-binding proteins, are critical components of vesicular trafficking pathways in eukaryotes. (embl.de)
  • Transcription factor MafK is a bZip Maf transcription factor protein that in humans is encoded by the MAFK gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • It has also been reported that sMafs form heterodimers with other bZIP transcription factors, such as c-Jun and c-Fos. (wikipedia.org)
  • encoded by Nfe2l2 gene) is a transcription factor responsible for the regulation of cellular redox balance and protective antioxidant and phase II detoxification responses in mammals [ 1 , 2 ]. (springer.com)
  • Interestingly, three soluble factors released from imMKCLs in the turbulent flow condition, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), insulin growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2), and nardilysin (NRDC), enhanced platelet production. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor KB (NF-KB) requires the NEMO protein. (medscape.com)
  • Mechanistically, the root part of IKN suppressed RANKL-induced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, effectively abrogating the induction of c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1) expression. (e-jbm.org)
  • The encoded protein can activate transcription through pyrimidine-rich initiator (Inr) elements and E-box motifs. (cancerindex.org)
  • Additional studies have revealed a potential mechanism of action of anti-Aβ antibodies via experiments on transgenic mice overexpressing mutant human amyloid precursor protein (PDAPP) under the control of the mini-promoter of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • E1 protein has helicase activity for replication, and E2 encodes DNA-binding protein for regulation of transcription. (medscape.com)
  • Regulation of interleukin-12 gene expression and its anti-tumor activities by prostaglandin E2 derived from mammary carcinomas. (cornell.edu)
  • In a study of patients with advanced colorectal cancer, a daily dose of 3.6 grams of curcumin caused a dramatic 62 percent decrease in pro-inflammatory prostaglandin E2 production . (naturalhealth365.com)
  • Activation of the Ras-Raf-MAP kinase signaling cascade increased NF-E2 activity significantly, but this was suppressed when MafK was overexpressed. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Targets transcription factors involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses and in the immune response: suppresses NF-kappa-B activation, and activates AP-1 (By similarity). (proteopedia.org)
  • 2005). This complex has been shown to mediate activation of NFκB and promote degradation of phosphorylated IκBα. (ubiquigent.com)
  • In the affected ventral spinal cord, resveratrol enhanced the expression of several vascular endothelial growth factor family proteins (VEGFs) and increased the phosphorylation of p300 through Akt signaling, indicating activation of p300 acetyltransferase. (vinomis.com)
  • Platelet activation means their aggregation, sludge formation, furthermore the release of the for-mentioned biologically very powerful factors, which can locally amplify and deepen the tissue specific cell reactions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In common with other transcription factors, p53 is composed of three distinct domains, which are responsible for oligomerization, transcriptional activation and sequence-specific DNA-binding [ 22 ] [ 23 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Activation of NF-κB was assessed by measuring the p-NF-κB p65 and luciferase activity. (aging-us.com)
  • Conclusions: Apremilast might ameliorate IL-1α-induced dysfunction in ESCs by mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation through inhibiting the activation of the Myd88/TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathway. (aging-us.com)
  • In the model, the posttranslational modifications and turnover of p45/NF-E2, as mediated by P-JNK, contribute to the control of its homeostatic concentration and consequently, its regulatory functions in the progression of erythroid differentiation and erythroid gene expression. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Taken together, our results establish a functional link among the erythroid transcription factors GATA-1/NF-E2, miR-199b-5p and c-Kit, and provide new insights into the coupling of transcription and post-transcription regulation in erythroid differentiation. (molcells.org)
  • The up-regulation of miR-199b-5p during erythroid differentiation was dependent on the binding of GATA-1 and NF-E2 to its gene locus, which activated its transcription and maintained its high expression level in mature erythroid cells. (molcells.org)
  • These findings indicate that induction of NF-E2 activity is essential for erythroid differentiation of murine erythroleukemia cells, and serine/threonine phosphorylation may be involved in this process. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is regulated by Wnt and bone morphogenetic proteins signaling in osteoblast differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. (uchicago.edu)
  • Disruption of E1 and E2 allows for dysregulated downstream genes and the expression of E6 and E7 proteins, which are selectively maintained in virally induced tumors. (medscape.com)
  • E7 forms complexes with pRb and functionally inactivates pRb and related proteins, such as EF2, which leads to transcription growth-related proteins. (medscape.com)
  • Regulation of the homeostatic concentrations of specific sets of transcription factors is essential for correct programming of cell proliferation and differentiation. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Based on the above data and analysis of the chromatin-binding kinetics of p45/NF-E2 and the erythroid gene repressor Bach1 during the early phase of MEL differentiation, we suggest a model for the regulation of erythroid maturation. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • 4 ] Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL) are key factors in osteoclastic differentiation. (e-jbm.org)
  • Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) potentiates BMP-9-induced osteogenic differentiation and bone formation. (uchicago.edu)
  • This reaction leads to the poly-ubiquitination of p45/NF-E2 at one or more of six Lys residues, one of which being also a sumoylation site, and its degradation through the proteasome pathway. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Significantly, this regulatory pathway of p45/NF-E2 by P-JNK exists only in uninduced murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells but not in differentiated MEL cells in which JNK is inactivated on DMSO induction. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Candidate genes showing distinctive expression patterns in response to ethanol were clustered by pattern and further analyzed for related function, pathway membership and common transcription factor binding within and across clusters. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Structure activity relationship of phenolic diterpenes from Salvia officinalis as activators of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 pathway. (wisc.edu)
  • Subsequently, we found that the activated Myd88/TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathway induced by stimulation with IL-1α was significantly inhibited by the introduction of Apremilast. (aging-us.com)
  • By mediating the IL-1α/IL-1R signaling pathway, the excretion of inflammatory factors is significantly induced, further triggering the development of multiple inflammation-related diseases [ 13 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • The Th2 transcription factor c-Maf inhibits IL-12p35 gene expression in activated macrophages by targeting NF-kappaB nuclear translocation. (cornell.edu)
  • MafK was also identified as p18 NF-E2, a component of NF-E2 complex binding to a specific motif (NF-E2) in the regulatory regions of β-globin and other erythroid-related genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since the ARE resembles the binding sequence of erythroid transcription factor NF-E2, we investigated the possibility that the phase II enzyme genes might be regulated by transcription factors that also bind to the NF-E2 sequence. (elsevierpure.com)
  • For example, clinical signs may manifest more severely in some cases where both parents are affected [3] or if two separate genetic factors are present in an individual, [4] suggesting a role for interaction among genes. (eyewiki.org)
  • All HPV subtypes contain early (E) genes and late (L) genes, which are essential to viral integration and replication. (medscape.com)
  • To be clear: Of all the factors believed to contribute to the development of this deadly disease - among them smoking, excessive sun exposure, genetics, alcohol use and the overexposure to environmental toxins - diet is among the most significant. (naturalhealth365.com)
  • The most prevalent genetic risk factor for Fuchs' dystrophy is the CTG18.1 trinucleotide repeat expansion in TCF4 . (eyewiki.org)
  • however, environmental, genetic, immune factors and microbial agents could be implicated in its pathogenesis. (irjournal.org)
  • The etiology of UC is unknown, however, the complicated interplay of environmental, genetic, immune factors and microbial agents are claimed to be involved [ 3 ], which enables luminal toxins, antigens, and pathogens to penetrate the mucosal layers and exaggerate the intestinal inflammation via provoking the pro-inflammatory cytokines and migration of effector leukocytes [ 4 ]. (irjournal.org)
  • Malignant cells that were not transformed by any virus also had increased levels of p53, suggesting that the SV40 tumor antigen, a well-known factor for the tumor initiation and progression, binds to p53 and raises its concentration above its normal levels in control healthy cells [ 10 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • E2-Ubiquitin Thioester Loading Assay: The activity of GST-UBE2D2 was validated by loading E1 UBE1 activated ubiquitin onto the active cysteine of the GST-UBE2D2 E2 enzyme via a transthiolation reaction. (ubiquigent.com)
  • UBE2D2 is a member of the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family and cloning of the human gene was first described by Jensen et al. (ubiquigent.com)
  • The signal (PAF, or other tissue/cell specific factors) comes from the stimulated (by the e.g., hypophyseal hormones, bacteria, external factors, etc.) organs or cells, and activates platelets. (biomedcentral.com)
  • On another hand, in some severe cases, conventional therapy is not effective but biologics (anti-tumor necrosis factor [TNF] and Janus kinase inhibitors) are required for maintenance of remission [ 5 ]. (irjournal.org)
  • Both GATA-1 and NF-E2 bound upstream of the miR-199b gene locus and activated its transcription. (molcells.org)
  • [ 6 ] NF-KB protects cells from apoptosis in response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). (medscape.com)
  • Although the expression of MHC class I and II molecules can be upregulated by MSC exposure to inflammatory cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN- γ ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α ), they are still unable to induce an immunological response [ 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Although taurine is considered a conditionally essential nutrient for humans and is thought to play a key role in several human diseases, clinical studies evaluating the effects of taurine are limited. (researchgate.net)
  • These measurements were compared with filtration efficiencies, airflow resistances, and fit factors measured on manikin headforms and humans. (cdc.gov)
  • Hence, MafK may function as an active transcription repressor. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Osteoclasts were formed by culturing mouse bone marrow macrophage (BMM) cells with macrophage colony-stimulating factor and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL). (e-jbm.org)
  • p53 supports tumor suppression through its roles as transcription factor and mitochondrial membrane permeabilization (to trigger apoptosis) and, indeed, the most investigated biological activity of p53 is its transcriptional activator role [ 17 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • By suppressing a host of inflammatory substances, including transcription factor NF-kappa B cells - which are gene-altering inflammatory markers linked with the development of cancer - COX-2, cyclin D1 and interleukin, curcumin also attacked the inflammatory process that spurs cancer proliferation. (naturalhealth365.com)
  • Through use of different approaches including nano-scale proteomics, we show that activated-JNK, or Phospho-JNK (P-JNK), physically interacts with p45/NF-E2 and phosphorylates its Ser157 residue. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • An inhibitory molecule of the IKB family interacts with NF-KB to sequester it in the cytoplasm. (medscape.com)
  • Differential regulation of interleukin (IL)-12 p35 and p40 gene expression and interferon (IFN)-gamma-primed IL-12 production by IFN regulatory factor 1. (cornell.edu)
  • It is well known, that platelets have an armament of soluble molecules, factors, mediators, chemokines, cytokines and neurotransmitters in their granules, and have multiple adhesion molecules and receptors on their surface. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Importantly, Aβ and tau species are able to activate astrocytes and microglia, which release several proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β), together with reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS), triggering neuroinflammation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Risk factors have been poorly defined, and no effective means for the prevention of the recurrence of CBD stones have been established so far. (bvsalud.org)
  • We aimed to identify significant risk factors for the recurrence of bile duct stones. (bvsalud.org)
  • Environmental risk factors include smoking and body mass index. (eyewiki.org)
  • Moreover, diseases related to systemic or local inflammation, including infections, cerebrovascular accidents, and obesity, have been proposed as risk factors for the development of AD. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We show here that dimethyl sulfoxide treatment of wild- type murine erythroleukemia cells, but not a mutant clone of dimethyl sulfoxide-resistant cells, increases NF-E2 activity significantly, which involves both up-regulation of DNA binding and transactivation activities. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The cholesterol transfer activity of SCARB1 allows E2 exposure and binding of E2 to SCARB1 and the tetraspanin CD81 (PubMed:22767607, PubMed:12913001). (proteopedia.org)
  • From the contour maps, some key structural factors responsible for the activity of these two series of PIs are revealed. (fdocument.org)
  • The expression of Recombinant adenovirus IkappaBalphaM in human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 and it's inhibitive effect to the activity of NF-kappaB]. (uchicago.edu)
  • Single cells and organisms may adapt to harmful oxidative stress conditions, through stress-activated factors. (springer.com)
  • Oxidative stress is believed to be a principal factor in the development of many chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. (wisc.edu)
  • However, external factors abolish the self-repair ability of ESCs by inducing oxidative stress and severe inflammation. (aging-us.com)
  • External factors, including systemic inflammation, such as that observed in obesity, are likely to interfere with the brain's immune processes and further promote disease progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It shows a stack of six IkappaBalpha ankyrin repeats facing the C-terminal domains of the NF-kappaB Rel homology regions. (embl.de)
  • Diffusion of the complex E1/E2-EGFR-SCARB1-CD81 to the cell lateral membrane allows further interaction with Claudin 1 (CLDN1) and occludin (OCLN) to finally trigger HCV entry (PubMed:12970454, PubMed:24038151, PubMed:12913001, PubMed:20375010, PubMed:19182773) (By similarity). (proteopedia.org)
  • Structure of an IkappaBalpha/NF-kappaB complex. (embl.de)
  • 2010). Cystamine Protects from 3-Nitropropionic Acid Lesioning via Induction of NF-E2 Related Factor 2 Mediated Transcription. (wisc.edu)
  • Furthermore, the increase of miR-199b-5p in erythroid cells occurred in a GATA-1- and NF-E2-dependent manner during erythrocyte maturation. (molcells.org)
  • TGFbeta/BMP type I receptors ALK1 and ALK2 are essential for BMP9-induced osteogenic signaling in mesenchymal stem cells. (uchicago.edu)
  • The oil was able to down-regulate nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), up-regulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), and enhance transforming growth factor-β expression. (irjournal.org)
  • While some signals are mitogenic and proosteogenic, others function to inhibit osteogenesis and increase bone resorption, and it appears that a well-controlled, delicate balance of inflammatory factors is necessary for proper fracture repair [ 3 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Platelets are essential for hemostasis, and their reduction or dysfunction causes various bleeding complications. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The authors of a 2011 review published in Molecular Cancer Therapeutics noted that curcumin, by interfering with growth factor receptors and cell adhesion molecules responsible for tumor growth and metastasis, works at the molecular level to slow the production of tumors. (naturalhealth365.com)
  • Mouse Mafk is regulated by different GATA factors in both hematopoietic and cardiac tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, they also suggest that a MafK homodimer can suppress transcription, not only by competition for the DNA binding site, but also by direct inhibition of transcription. (elsevierpure.com)
  • As part of civil aviation safety research into aeromedical factors impacting flight safety, we have undertaken a time course study on the effects of acute ethanol exposure to the legal intoxication level of blood alcohol concentration (BAC), 0.08 g/dL (0.08% wt/vol), on human gene expression in non-chronic users. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The protooncogene c-Maf is an essential transcription factor for IL-10 gene expression in macrophages. (cornell.edu)
  • The oil normalized the tumor necrosis factor-α expression, restored the normal serum level of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and reduced the serum level of IL-6. (irjournal.org)
  • neighboring Expression represses to underlie identified by the oxidoreductase of Rev with importin-beta and B23 and signaling at the Syndecan transcription through proteases between acts and hours. (evakoch.com)
  • Blood platelets play an essential role in hemostasis, thrombosis and coagulation of blood. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Represses cell cycle negative regulating factor CDKN1A, thereby interrupting an important check point of normal cell cycle regulation (By similarity). (proteopedia.org)
  • 2005). Glial cell missing homolog 1 (GCM1) is an important transcription factor regulating placental cell fusion and it has been shown that UBE2D2 is required for Skp1-Cullin-F-Box (SCF) E3 ligase mediated ubiquitylation of GCM1 (Chiang et al. (ubiquigent.com)
  • Masks are often characterized using filtration efficiency, airflow resistance, and manikin or human fit factors, which are standard metrics used for personal protective devices. (cdc.gov)
  • [ 2 ] The defect in the X chromosome is proximal to the gene for factor VIII at Xq28. (medscape.com)
  • AO mop up the excess amount of the POX before they damage the essential molecules. (hindawi.com)