Transcription factor ap. Medical search. Frequent questions

The structure of AP-1 is a heterodimer composed of proteins belonging to the c-Fos, c-Jun, ATF and JDP families. (wikipedia.org)
Previous in vitro studies have also indicated that the AP-2 family of proteins may be involved in the etiology of human breast cancer. (johnshopkins.edu)
There was also a significant correlation between the presence of the AP-2α protein and estrogen receptor expression (P=0.018) and between specimens containing both AP-2α/AP-2γ proteins and ERBB-2 expression (P=0.003). (johnshopkins.edu)
Thus, AP-2 proteins may directly regulate the transcription of this growth factor receptor. (johnshopkins.edu)
RNA-seq results showed that transcription factors and macrophage inflammatory proteins were significantly downregulated in the DNMT3A mutant clones. (frontiersin.org)
The early response gene proteins, Fos and Jun family, are components of the transcription factor AP-1 that, depending on its composition, could be related with proliferation, differentiation or cellular death. (usp.br)

Activator protein 1 (AP-1) is a transcription factor that regulates gene expression in response to a variety of stimuli, including cytokines, growth factors, stress, and bacterial and viral infections. (wikipedia.org)
The objective of the present study was to investigate the time-dependent regulation by epicatechin on the activity of the main transcription factors (NF-kB, activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear transcription factor erythroid 2p45-related factor (Nrf2)) related to antioxidant defence and survival and proliferation pathways in HepG2 cells. (udl.cat)
This TF induction was dependent on signal transducer and activator of transcription-6 signaling and poly ADP ribose polymerase activity. (haematologica.org)

Transcription factor AP-2α regulates genes that are involved in several cellular processes, such as cell division and the self-destruction of cells that are no longer needed (apoptosis). (medlineplus.gov)

Alternative polarization with interleukin-4 and IL-13 led to a macrophage phenotype characterized by increased tissue factor (TF) production and release and by an increase in extracellular vesicle production. (haematologica.org)

Furthermore, we detected an association (P=0.04) between the expression of AP-2γ and the presence of an additional signal transduction molecule implicated in breast cancer, the insulin-like growth factor I receptor. (johnshopkins.edu)

The pathway from embryogenesis to the full differentiation of specific functional cell types within the pituitary is controlled by numerous genes that encode transcription factors. (medscape.com)
The WT1 protein mediates the mesenchymal-epithelial transition and differentiation during morphogenesis of the kidney and gonad by repressing genes that encode cell proliferation factors and by activating genes that encode markers of epithelial cell differentiation. (medscape.com)

These data suggest that the epicatechin-induced survival effect occurs by the induction of redox-sensitive transcription factors through a tight regulation of survival and proliferation pathways. (udl.cat)
Transient overexpression of UBCv1 impaired activation of NF-κB and AP-1 transcription factors induced by several agonists of these pathways. (mdpi.com)
Following, inductive signals between the developing diencephalon and the oral ectoderm, early transcription factors guide the formation of rudimentary Rathke's Pouch (rRP) and then subsequent gene regulatory pathways control the determination, proliferation, and differentiation events that establish the specialized hormone-secreting cells. (medscape.com)
Further analysis of transcription factors with conserved binding motifs can reveal cell regulatory pathways crucial for the survivability of various human cancers. (biomedcentral.com)

AP-1 was first discovered as a TPA-activated transcription factor that bound to a cis-regulatory element of the human metallothionein IIa (hMTIIa) promoter and SV40. (wikipedia.org)
Since its discovery, AP-1 has been found to be associated with numerous regulatory and physiological processes, and new relationships are still investigated. (wikipedia.org)
The DNMT3A mutation can cause significant changes in epigenetic modifications and is one of the essential regulatory factors for the occurrence and development of leukemia ( 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
A negative feedback loop occurs such that the hormones produced in the target glands feed back to inhibit the release of their respective regulatory pituitary and hypothalamic factors. (medscape.com)
Furthermore, this resource has allowed the identification of cis -regulatory sites in previously unexplored regions of the genome and the cooperating transcription factors underlying estrogen signaling in breast cancer. (nature.com)
Pestivirus Npro Directly Interacts with Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 Monomer and Dimer. (utmb.edu)
These differences have stimulated the search ing sites for a regulatory transcription factor ApxR, and for molecular markers of strain phenotypes and host tro- an upstream gene known either as p44ESup1 or omp-1n pisms. (cdc.gov)
A novel DNA-binding regulatory factor is mutated in primary MHC class II deficiency (bare lymphocyte syndrome). (lu.se)

Transcription factor AP-2 is known to be essential for the development of the brainstem including the monoaminergic nuclei, and has the ability to regulate many genes in the monoaminergic systems. (projectsparadise.com)
The ability of transcription factors to regulate specific gene expression, has lately made them hot candidates as drug targets. (projectsparadise.com)
Additionally, they can regulate gene expression by inhibiting the activity of other transcription factors, such as AP-1. (medscape.com)

As its name suggests, this protein is a transcription factor, which means it attaches (binds) to specific regions of DNA and helps control the activity of particular genes. (medlineplus.gov)
The WT1 protein is a transcription factor predominantly expressed in the embryonic kidneys and gonads. (medscape.com)

AP-1 transcription is deeply involved in the modulation of gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
Protein expression was investigated by ELISA and immunofluorescence, transcription factor-DNA binding by ELISA, gene expression by real-time PCR, prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) by radioimmunoassay, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity and nitric oxide (NO) production by fluorometry. (karger.com)

Topical retinoids also demonstrate inhibition of various immune factors, including the activity of leukocytes, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other mediators, and the expression of transcription factors and toll receptors involved in immunomodulation (Wolf, 2002). (medscape.com)
Many plant-derived secondary metabolites are capable of directly modulating inflammation by altering the production and activity of second messengers, the expression of transcription factors, and the expression of key proinflammatory molecules [ 6 - 8 ]. (hindawi.com)

Genetic Reprogramming of Transcription Factor AP-gamma in Bovine Somat" by K. I. Ashton, G-P. Li et al. (usu.edu)

Data obtained with these reagents demonstrate that whereas AP- 2α and AP-2γ are both present in benign breast epithelia, there is a significant up-regulation of AP-2γ expression in breast cancer specimens (P=0.01). (johnshopkins.edu)
Regulation of the development of the mammalian anterior pituitary gland by transcription factors. (medscape.com)
Indeed, ZBTB32 contains an AP-1 binding motif, supporting its regulation by IRF8-AP-1 complexes. (nature.com)
Regulation of transcription factors via natural decoys in genomic DNA. (utmb.edu)

The AP-1 subunit Jun was identified as a novel oncoprotein of avian sarcoma virus, and Fos-associated p39 protein was identified as the transcript of the cellular Jun gene. (wikipedia.org)

Classical polarization is usually associated with a proinflammatory response, including the increased production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-1, and IL-6. (haematologica.org)

The role of AP-1 members in regulating NK cell biology remains enigmatic and these new data underscore a need for further research into regulators of AP-1 transcription factors and their targets. (nature.com)

The AP-2 genes are expressed in many human breast cancer cell lines, and critical AP-2-binding sites are present in both the ERBB-2 (HER2/neu) and estrogen receptor promoters. (johnshopkins.edu)
Figure 4: Identification of enriched motifs within the estrogen receptor binding sites and validation of transcription factor binding. (nature.com)
Figure 5: Involvement of cooperating transcription factors at estrogen receptor binding sites. (nature.com)

Transcription factors AP-2alpha and AP-2gamma are downregulated during lactation, and their overexpression in transgenic mice impaired the secretory differentiation of the mammary epithelium, resulting in lactation failure. (biomedcentral.com)

Within this core promoter region we recognized functional binding sites for TFAP2 transcription factors and identified TFAP2 as repressors of the TBX20 gene in vitro and in vivo. (nih.gov)
Analysis of the proximal promoter of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor revealed a novel AP-2-binding site. (johnshopkins.edu)

Mechanistically, OGT O-GlcNAcylates JUN at multiple sites, which then leads to an attenuation of AP-1 transcriptional activity. (wustl.edu)

Kim and Morshead, 2003), and the fibroblast that SSEA4 associated with CD133 can be used for growth factor (FGF) receptor 4 (Cai et al. (lu.se)

Here we present analysis of transcription factor binding motifs co-localized with non-coding variants. (biomedcentral.com)

AP-1 controls a number of cellular processes including differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
AP-1 transcription factor has been shown to have a hand in a wide range of cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
To explore whether the downregulation of AP-2alpha and AP-2gamma is of functional significance for lactogenic differentiation, we analyzed the expression of the AP-2 family members during the lactogenic differentiation of HC11 mammary epithelial cells in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
Downregulation of AP-2 transcription factor genes is not required for lactogenic differentiation of HC11 cells but may functionally be involved in aspects of lactogenic differentiation in vivo that are not reflected by the HC11 system. (biomedcentral.com)
In this report we analyzed AP-2 transcription factor expression in HC11 cells subjected to lactogenic differentiation conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
Taken together, these data strongly support a role for the AP-2 gene family in the control of cell growth and differentiation in breast cancer. (johnshopkins.edu)

Below are some of the other important functions and biological roles AP-1 transcription factors have been shown to be involved in. (wikipedia.org)
The AP-1 transcription factor has been shown to play numerous roles in cell growth and proliferation. (wikipedia.org)
Roles of the LHX3 and LHX4 LIM-homeodomain factors in pituitary development. (medscape.com)
Specifically, regions that are accessible to the AP-1 family members BATF and JUN were significantly enriched from days two to four after infection, hinting at key roles for AICEs in target genes in the NK cell response to MCMV (Fig. 1 ). (nature.com)
However, ZBTB32 was not flagged as being differentially expressed in Irf4 − / − NK cells during MCMV infection, highlighting divergent essential roles for IRF8-AP-1 and IRF4-AP-1 complexes in NK cell-mediated viral immunity. (nature.com)

We have now characterized immunological reagents that enable specific AP-2 family members, including AP-2a and AP-2γ, to be detected in human breast cancer epithelium. (johnshopkins.edu)
Through the recent use of molecular and cellular assays and knockout animals, considerable progress has been made towards the understanding of the genetic, tissue-specific, and immunological factors that contribute to the development of ALI pathophysiology. (hindawi.com)

The AP-2 transcription factors are required for normal growth and morphogenesis during mammalian development. (johnshopkins.edu)

C-fos has also been shown to increase in expression in response to the introduction of growth factors in the cell, further supporting its suggested involvement in the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)

HC11 cells express all AP-2 family members except AP-2delta. (biomedcentral.com)
NEPH1 triggers AP-1 activation similarly to nephrin but requires the presence of Tec family kinases for efficient transactivation. (nih.gov)
The T-box family of transcription factors has been shown to have major impact on human development and disease. (nih.gov)
also known as AP-1-IRF composite elements (AICEs)) are enriched four days after MCMV infection, suggesting cooperation between IRF4 and AP-1 family members. (nature.com)

Transcription factor 7-like 2 ( TCF7L2 ) variants have been associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in multiple ethnic groups. (medscape.com)
This makes TCF7L2 variants the strongest known genetic risk factors for T2DM. (medscape.com)

2000). We of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in models of have recently reported that this vector directs transgene expression to Parkinson's disease (Georgievska et al. (lu.se)

C-jun has been shown to be essential for fibroblast proliferation, and levels of both AP-1 subunits have been shown to be expressed above basal levels during cell division. (wikipedia.org)
We first evaluated the expression of the gene coding for AP-2 γ (Tfap2c) in several bovine fibroblast donor cell lines and found it was not expressed. (usu.edu)
mechanistically, IRF8 directly regulated expression of ZBTB32, a transcription factor essential for the virus-specific NK cell proliferative burst 3 . (nature.com)

In particular, mutations in DNA binding sites recognized by transcription factors can alter regulator binding affinities and, consequently, expression of target genes. (biomedcentral.com)
Cancer somatic mutations in binding sites of selected transcription factors have been found under positive selection. (biomedcentral.com)
For many transcription factors, including multiple members of FOX, HOX, and NR families, we show that human cancers accumulate fewer mutations than expected by chance that increase or decrease affinity of predicted binding sites. (biomedcentral.com)
Analysis of mutations and chromosomal localisation of the gene encoding RFX5, a novel transcription factor affected in major histocompatibility complex class II deficiency. (lu.se)

Time-dependent activation of the AP-1 pathway, in concert with enhanced c-Jun nuclear levels and induction of Nrf2 translocation and phosphorylation were also demonstrated. (udl.cat)

Abnormal samples can increase risk for poor data quality,15 we cardiac development appears to occur through a were interested in replicating these experiments process that is heterogeneous and complex, with using fresh frozen cardiac tissue instead of formalin both environmental and genetic risk factors.1 fixed tissue after decades of storage. (cdc.gov)

The AP-1 transcription factor c-Jun is required for Ras-driven tumorigenesis in many tissues and is considered as a classical proto-oncogene. (figshare.com)

After the co-culture, the increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in the mutant cells was significantly lower than that in the control group, while that in immunosuppressive factors was not significantly different. (frontiersin.org)
MCF-7 cells were subjected to SDS PAGE followed by western blot with 55335-1-AP (STK38 Antibody) at dilution of 1:1000 incubated at room temperature for 1.5 hours. (ptglab.com)
Immunofluorescent analysis of HEK-293 cells using 55335-1-AP (STK38 antibody) at dilution of 1:50 and Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated AffiniPure Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG(H+L). (ptglab.com)

These are human health and plant resistance to pathogens and to biotic and abiotic stress factors. (mdpi.com)
In contrast to monocytes, human macrophages did not show increased tissue factor expression upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ. (haematologica.org)
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human kidney tissue slide using 55335-1-AP (STK38 Antibody) at dilution of 1:200 (under 10x lens). (ptglab.com)
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human kidney tissue slide using 55335-1-AP (STK38 Antibody) at dilution of 1:200 (under 40x lens). (ptglab.com)
Nei-Gojobori method with the Ap-V1 differs from a human strain ( Ap-ha ) by a 2-bp sub- Jukes-Cantor correction) showed a low ratio of nonsynon- stitution in the 16S rRNA sequence ( 3 ) and appears to be ymous-to-synonymous substitutions (mean dN 0.053, dS restricted to ruminant species ( 2 , 4 ). (cdc.gov)

In co-cultivated supernatants, the concentration of inflammatory factors in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group, while that of immunosuppressive factors was significantly higher. (frontiersin.org)
Saw blade blasted with silica also caused significantly greater levels of activation of two important transcription factors, AP-1 and NF-kappaB, involved in disease development. (cdc.gov)

These findings suggest a functional role of AP-2 transcription factors in preventing lactogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)

AP-1 transcription factors are also associated with numerous physiological functions especially in determination of organisms' life span and tissue regeneration. (wikipedia.org)
College of Wisconsin, current era from 28 patients with septal defects who factor HEY2 in formalin fixed tissue taken from a Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA underwent cardiac surgery and who were enrolled in our collection of hearts with atrial septal defects congenital heart disease tissue bank. (cdc.gov)

The growth factors TGF alpha, TGF beta, and IL2 have all been shown to stimulate c-Fos, and thereby stimulate cellular proliferation via AP-1 activation. (wikipedia.org)

AP-1 activity is often regulated via post-translational modifications, DNA binding dimer composition, and interaction with various binding partners. (wikipedia.org)
Without this function, transcription factor AP-2α cannot control the activity of genes during development, which disrupts the development of the eyes, ears, and face and causes the features of branchio-oculo-facial syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)

However, while the anti-inflammatory effects of dexamethasone treatment were due to the reduced activation of NF- κ B and AP-1, the ellagic acid treatment led to reduced BALF levels of IL-6 and increased levels of IL-10. (hindawi.com)
Aerosolized samples were analyzed and evaluated for in vivo acute toxicity, DNA damage, activation of AP-1 and NF-kappaB, and potential to generate ROS. (cdc.gov)

AP-1 transcription factor is assembled through the dimerization of a characteristic bZIP domain (basic region leucine zipper) in the Fos and Jun subunits. (wikipedia.org)

What factors can affect the results of flu vaccine efficacy and effectiveness studies? (cdc.gov)

JunD, not c-Jun, is the AP-1 transcription factor required for Ras-induced lung cancer. (figshare.com)

The sequence of p44ESup1 had diverged in Ap-variant 1 previously ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)

This finding was confirmed for AP-2alpha and AP-2gamma using Northern analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
Genetic analysis indicates that transcription factors AP-2alpha and Pax6 cooperate in the normal patterning and morphogenesis of the lens. (mcmaster.ca)

A transcription factor, activating protein AP-2 γ , has been shown to be necessary for proper placental development in the mouse. (usu.edu)

It has been hypothesized that the AP-1 may play a substantial role in the inflammation and immune response (Michel et al. (medscape.com)

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