The northern blot, or RNA blot, is a technique used in molecular biology research to study gene expression by detection of RNA (or isolated mRNA) in a sample. (wikipedia.org)
Rs1h mRNA expression was measured from the eyes of wild-type and rd/rd mice by Northern blot analysis and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). (nih.gov)
Rs1h mRNA expression was detected in the retina of postnatal day (P)11 and adult CD1 mice, but not homozygous rd/rd mice by Northern blot analysis. (nih.gov)
Northern analysis detected the transcription of the 1.4kb TnAV-CP mRNA from 24h after infection. (psu.edu)
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a core molecular technique designed to detect and quantitate total RNA or messenger RNA (mRNA), with a high degree of sensitivity and accuracy. (stratech.co.uk)
Relative to other techniques for measuring mRNA, such as Northern blot analysis, RNAse protection assays, or in situ hybridization, RT-PCR is significantly more robust at detecting the RNA transcript of any gene regardless of its relative abundance. (stratech.co.uk)
Primer extension analysis showed that the transcription start point of the rat liver COMT mRNA was 450 bp upstream from the. (lu.se)
The predicted size of the COMT transcript was 1.8-2.0 kb, which could be confirmed from Northern hybridization analyses of the isolated rat liver mRNA. (lu.se)
Detected by Northern blot analysis1
Two cyanate-inducible transcripts of 1500 and 2500nucleotides, respectively, were detected by Northern blot analysis. (embl.de)
Hybridization4
Northern blotting involves the use of electrophoresis to separate RNA samples by size, and detection with a hybridization probe complementary to part of or the entire target sequence. (wikipedia.org)
HSGK1-localization was determined by in situ hybridization, regulation of hSGK1-transcription by Northern blotting, fibronectin synthesis and hSGK1 phosphorylation by Western blotting. (lshtm.ac.uk)
RNase3
These applications include next-generation sequencing, transfection, real-time PCR, measuring yields of RNA preparations for microarray experiments, reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), differential display PCR, northern blot analysis, S1 nuclease assays, RNase protection assays, and cDNA library preparations. (thermofisher.com)
The RiboGreen reagent is ideal for fast and accurate measurement of RNA before generating cDNA, northern blot analysis, S1 nuclease assays, RNase protection assays, reverse transcription PCR, and differential display PCR. (thermofisher.com)
The purified RNA is free from inhibitors and is concentrated into small elution volumes ideal for use in a variety of downstream applications including PCR, qPCR, methylation-sensitive reverse transcription qPCR, reverse transcription PCR, Northern blotting, RNase protection and primer extension, expression array assays, and NGS. (norgenbiotek.com)
Assays1
We conducted Northern blot, uidA fusions and reverse transcription-PCR assays of pht genes in several mutants unable to produce phaseolotoxin. (uanl.mx)
Transcriptional4
Basic principle of transcription, organization of transcriptional units in pr. (slideshare.net)
These are frequently activated by fusion to other transcriptional proteins resulting in chimeric transcription factors. (stanford.edu)
We demonstrate here that GSK-3 maintains the MLL leukemia stem cell transcriptional program by promoting the conditional association of CREB and its coactivators TORC and CBP with homedomain protein MEIS1, a critical component of the MLL-subordinate program, which in turn facilitates HOX-mediated transcription and transformation. (stanford.edu)
Transcriptional run-on analysis demonstrated that ionizing radiation stimulates the rate of c-jun gene transcription. (wustl.edu)
Analyses2
Southern and Northern blots and reverse-transcription PCR analyses indicate that the same rhodopsin gene is expressed in the retina and the brain but not in the pineal organ of ayu. (bioone.org)
We performed northern blot analyses for the guide RNA truncations and found increased levels of expression for the longer tracrRNA sequences, suggesting that improved target cleavage was at least partially due to higher sgRNA expression or stability ( Fig. 1c ). (cdc.gov)
Expression10
With northern blotting it is possible to observe cellular control over structure and function by determining the particular gene expression rates during differentiation and morphogenesis, as well as in abnormal or diseased conditions. (wikipedia.org)
However, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed hOAT1 expression in human brain and skeletal muscle, as well. (aspetjournals.org)
In this report we analyzed AP-2 transcription factor expression in HC11 cells subjected to lactogenic differentiation conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
RNA extraction is among the first steps in studying gene expression using a variety of different methods, including northern blotting, transcriptome analysis, and reverse transcription-PCR. (zymoresearch.com)
Northern blot hybridisation showed highest expression in brain and skeletal muscle. (edu.au)
The present invention is based on successful expression cloning of a transcription factor that binds to the GTII element of the GLUT2 and insulin genes from a differentiated insulin-secreting cDNA library. (justia.com)
To coordinate expression of virulence genes during infection, S. aureus uses 2-component systems, transcription factors ( 5 ) and regulatory or small RNAs (sRNAs), which function as positive ( 6 ) or negative ( 7 ) virulence determinants. (cdc.gov)
Northern Blots revealed the temperature dependend nature of Apg-1 expression. (uni-goettingen.de)
Um die Transfektionsexperimente zur Ermittlung des 5`-flankierenden Bereich des Insl3 Gens der Maus in vivo zu bestätigen, wurden transgene Mäuse erzeugt und in Northern-Blot-Analysen auf Expression des transgenen Allels untersucht. (uni-goettingen.de)
In the ventral part of the embryo, dorsal specifically activates transcription of the gene twist and ventrally and laterally dorsal represses the expression of zerkn üllt , a gene involved in the formation of dorsal derivatives. (silverchair.com)
Proteins1
The purified antibodies reacted strongly with a single protein of ∼52 kDa from the total TnAV virion proteins in a Western blot. (psu.edu)
Cells7
A general blotting procedure starts with extraction of total RNA from a homogenized tissue sample or from cells. (wikipedia.org)
Specific antibodies raised against the N terminus of RS1 were used as probes to examine the properties and distribution of RS1 in retina, retinal cell cultures, and transfected COS-1 cells by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence microscopy. (nih.gov)
Downregulation of AP-2 transcription factor genes is not required for lactogenic differentiation of HC11 cells but may functionally be involved in aspects of lactogenic differentiation in vivo that are not reflected by the HC11 system. (biomedcentral.com)
This mechanism also applies to hematopoietic cells transformed by other HOX genes, including CDX2, which is highly expressed in a majority of acute myeloid leukemias, thus providing a molecular approach based on GSK-3 inhibitory strategies to target HOX-associated transcription in a broad spectrum of leukemias. (stanford.edu)
Northern blot analysis and quantitation of acid activatable latent TGF-beta in conditioned medium demonstrated that bFGF exposure did not increase the amount of transcription or secretion of latent TGF-beta by the endothelial cells. (rupress.org)
In addition, RNA from THP-1 cells was used in Northern blots to determine whether inhibition of secretion of IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha by gemifloxacin occurred at the transcription or translation level. (illnesshacker.com)
TGF-beta1 (2 ng/ml) increases hSGK1 transcription in both human U937 macro-phages and HepG2 hepatoma cells. (lshtm.ac.uk)
Protein3
Protein synthesis mechanism with reference of Translation and Transcription d. (slideshare.net)
Inhibition of HIV replication was measured by p24 Gag protein content in supernatant, Northern blot analysis, and DNA PCR for products of reverse transcription. (scienceopen.com)
Accordingly, Western blotting revealed that tissue from fibrotic liver expresses excessive hSGK1 protein as compared to normal liver. (lshtm.ac.uk)
Inhibitory1
Northern blots indicated that the inhibitory activity of gemifloxacin occurred post-transcription. (illnesshacker.com)
Synthesis3
This RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, with the assistance of reverse transcription primers, deoxynucleotides (dNTPs: dATP, dTTP, dGTP and dCTP) and enzyme cofactors, catalyzes the synthesis of cDNA from its respective target RNA sequence. (stratech.co.uk)
In one-step RT-PCR, reverse transcription (i.e. cDNA synthesis) and PCR are carried out in the same reaction vessel and buffer. (stratech.co.uk)
In one-step RT-PCR, cDNA synthesis via reverse transcription (RT) and subsequent PCR amplification occur in the same reaction vessel (figure made in BioRender). (stratech.co.uk)
Inhibition1
The inhibition occurred at two points in the viral life cycle, after fusion and before reverse transcription and during transcription of viral RNA from integrated provirus. (scienceopen.com)
Annealing temperature1
The transfer buffer used for the blotting usually contains formamide because it lowers the annealing temperature of the probe-RNA interaction, thus eliminating the need for high temperatures, which could cause RNA degradation. (wikipedia.org)
Reverse7
In order to apply PCR to the study of RNA, the RNA sample must first undergo the process of reverse transcription to generate cDNA, using the enzyme reverse transcriptase. (stratech.co.uk)
The resulting cDNA is then used as the template for PCR amplification, and depending upon the manner in which reverse transcription and PCR are executed this process can be classified as either one-step RT-PCR or two-step RT-PCR. (stratech.co.uk)
Since both reverse transcription and PCR take place in the same tube the reaction conditions cannot be separately optimized, which can impact yield or reaction efficiency to varying degrees. (stratech.co.uk)
In two-step RT-PCR, reverse transcription and PCR are carried out in separate reaction vessels with different buffers, reaction conditions and priming strategies. (stratech.co.uk)
Since the gels are fragile and the probes are unable to enter the matrix, the RNA samples, now separated by size, are transferred to a nylon membrane through a capillary or vacuum blotting system. (wikipedia.org)
A nylon membrane with a positive charge is the most effective for use in northern blotting since the negatively charged nucleic acids have a high affinity for them. (wikipedia.org)
Probe1
Commonly cDNA is created with labelled primers for the RNA sequence of interest to act as the probe in the northern blot. (wikipedia.org)
Membrane1
Strictly speaking, the term 'northern blot' refers specifically to the capillary transfer of RNA from the electrophoresis gel to the blotting membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Factors2
Transcription factors AP-2alpha and AP-2gamma are downregulated during lactation, and their overexpression in transgenic mice impaired the secretory differentiation of the mammary epithelium, resulting in lactation failure. (biomedcentral.com)
It will therefore be practical for us to control the rate of transcription - hence the inducible promoter. (igem.org)
Processes1
This interferes with DNA replication and repair processes as well as transcription and ultimately leads to bacterial cell death. (illnesshacker.com)
Comparison1
To create controls for comparison in a northern blot, samples not displaying the gene product of interest can be used after determination by microarrays or RT-PCR. (wikipedia.org)
Human1
Northern analysis detected a specific 2.5-kilobase pair hOAT1 transcript only in human kidney. (aspetjournals.org)
Found1
Employing the DNA blot analysis only one COMT-encoding gene was found in the rat genome. (lu.se)
Small1
Notable among these were a study of hard-metal workers in several small factories in northern Italy. (who.int)
Element1
Subcellular localisation provided more evidence, that the identified transacting element acts as a transcription factor. (uni-goettingen.de)
Increase1
The increase in c-jun transcripts by ionizing radiation was time- and dose-dependent as determined by Northern blot analysis. (wustl.edu)