Transcript rna processing post transcriptional. Medical search. Frequent questions

Synthetic antisense RNAs are used to effect the functioning of specific genes for investigative or therapeutic purposes. (genomicglossaries.com)
The AU-rich element RNA-binding protein 1 (AUF1) is an RNA-binding protein, which can both stabilize and destabilize the transcripts of several cancer-related genes. (nature.com)
Indeed, AUF1 binds the transcripts of these two genes at their 3′UTR and reduces their turnover. (nature.com)
In the majority of cases, Rf genes produce proteins that act directly on the CMS conferring mitochondrial transcripts by binding them specifically and promoting processing events. (frontiersin.org)
In the majority of cases, Rf genes produce proteins that bind specifically to the CMS conferring transcripts in the mitochondria and promote processing events leading to a strong reduction in the production of mitochondrial CMS-inducing proteins (reviewed in Chen and Liu, 2014 ). (frontiersin.org)
ADARs have been shown to contribute to disease pathologies by editing of glutamate receptors, editing of serotonin receptors, mutations in ADAR genes, and by other mechanisms, including recently identified regulatory roles in microRNA processing. (biomedcentral.com)
RNA-seq can tell us which genes are turned on in a cell, what their level of transcription is, and at what times they are activated or shut off. (technologynetworks.com)
We successfully employed deep sequencing RNA-Seq data in combination with an elaborate bioinformatics strategy in order to identify novel genes, incorrect gene models and mechanisms of transcript processing in the corn anthracnose fungus C. graminicola . (biomedcentral.com)
Sequence data of the revised genome annotation including several hundreds of novel transcripts, improved gene models and candidate genes for alternative splicing have been made accessible in a comprehensive database. (biomedcentral.com)
The characterization of new miRNA target genes and a unique profile for crasiRNAs has allowed for insight into multiple RNA mediated processes in the tammar, including gene regulation, species incompatibilities, centromere and chromosome function. (biomedcentral.com)
MeRIP-seq, RIP-seq and RNA-seq were performed to identify the target genes of KIAA1429. (biomedcentral.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are approximately 22-nucleotide RNAs that are processed from characteristic precursor hairpins and pair to sites in messages of protein-coding genes to direct post-transcriptional repression. (nih.gov)
SPLICE-q uses aligned reads from RNA-Seq to quantify splicing efficiency for each intron individually and allows the user to select different levels of restrictiveness concerning the introns' overlap with other genomic elements, such as exons from other genes. (fu-berlin.de)
We further identify genes and processes in which splicing changes are observed in both human and mouse. (nih.gov)
Furthermore, we discuss recent findings on EBV associated gastric carcinogenesis by focusing on the roles of latent genes, epigenetic abnormalities, genomic alterations, and post-transcriptional regulation by cellular and viral microRNAs (miRNAs). (spandidos-publications.com)
Some miRNAs are hosted in pri-miRNAs annotated as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and defined as MIRHGs (for miRNA Host Genes). (mdpi.com)
Individual non-coding RNAs dwarf the number of protein-coding genes, and include classes that are well understood as well as classes for which the nature, extent and functional roles are obscure. (inra.fr)
Members of an extensive class of both small RNAs and CAGE tags were distributed across internal exons of annotated protein coding and non-coding genes, sometimes crossing exon-exon junctions. (inra.fr)
In exploring the basis for this unexpected outcome, Rich and his wife Carolyn Napoli discovered the process of co-suppression, through which introduction of an additional copy of a host gene resulted in the loss of transcripts, from both the endogenous and introduced genes. (aspb.org)
Importantly, such co-suppression events occurred without affecting the process of transcription, revealing that co-suppression of homologous genes, in plants, occurred by a process of posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS), later termed RNA interference (RNAi). (aspb.org)
Gene ontology enrichment on LncRNAs target genes showed that the oxidative reduction process was important. (oncotarget.com)
The chapter describes how most genomes are transcribed and numerous genes encode RNA as their final product. (oxfordsciencetrove.com)
https://doi.org/10.3390/plantshttps://www.mdpi.com/journal/plantsPlants 2021, 10,2 ofIn broad terms, miRNAs BRPF2 drug originate in the processing of endogenous stem-loop RNA precursors and act to regulate the expression of endogenous genes. (angiotensinreceptor.com)
Additionally, the CRISPRCas (clustered often inter-spaced brief palindromic repeats and connected genes) program has attracted loads of interest due to its exceptional prospective for RNA-guided genome ed. (angiotensinreceptor.com)
He moved to IFOM in Milan for post-doc in Pier Paolo Di Fiore's lab (2005-2010), identifying novel genes and transcriptional signatures deregulated in human cancers and useful for the prognostic stratification of breast and lung cancer patients. (iit.it)
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes are long known to be co-transcribed in polycistrones, yet it remains impossible to study nascent mtDNA transcripts quantitatively in vivo using existing tools. (biorxiv.org)
This bi-genomic division is accompanied by profoundly different transcription regulatory system: whereas nDNA-encoded genes are transcribed individually by RNA polymerase 2 and the general nuclear transcription machinery, mtDNA transcription is long known to be regulated mainly by a dedicated RNA polymerase (POLRMT) and mtDNA-specific transcription factors (TFAM and TFB2) ( Shutt and Shadel 2010 ). (biorxiv.org)
By sequencing the total RNA, we can look not only at the protein coding messenger RNA, but also the non-coding RNA transcripts that may be involved in interference and regulation of different genes. (sourcebioscience.com)
By sequencing the mRNA, it is possible to identify which genes are over-and-under expressed, as well as identifying novel transcripts within the transcriptome. (sourcebioscience.com)
Asn1 , Ppo5 , PhL , R1 , and VInv ), which results in the reduced level of mRNA transcripts (and subsequently expressed proteins) for those same genes using the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. (canada.ca)
In line with this, RBPJL is able to fully reconstitute transcriptional repression at Notch target genes in cells lacking RBPJ. (uni-ulm.de)
We identified 10646 complete genes and characterized possible alternative transcripts. (elisacorteggiani.com)
The annotation of the predicted genes and the analysis of cellular processes revealed traits relevant for the genetic improvement of this organism such as genes involved in DNA recombination, RNA silencing, and cell wall synthesis. (elisacorteggiani.com)
RNA-seq data showed that FLK regulates expression abundance of some major defense- and development-related genes as well as alternative splicing of a number of genes. (nsf.gov)
Among the genes affected by FLK is ACD6, whose transcripts had increased intron retentions influenced by the flk mutations. (nsf.gov)
RNA sequencing experiments indicated that >7000 genes are mis‐expressed in the Mting2‐1 mutant, consistent with its strong mutant phenotypes. (nsf.gov)
The advent of new methods to obtain large-scale surveys of various mathematical structures, such as systems of differen- gene expression in which transcript levels can be determined tial equations, graphical networks, stochastic functional re- for thousands of genes simultaneously has facilitated the ex- lations, and simulation models. (lu.se)
eling require a broad range of signal processing approaches, Two salient goals of functional genomics are to screen for including signal representation relevant to transcription and key genes and gene combinations that explain specific cel- system modeling using nonlinear dynamical systems. (lu.se)
Here we examined 145 SNPs in 6 miRNA processing genes and in 78 miRNAs which target genes known to be important in breast cancer among 906 African American (AA) and 653 European American (EA) cases and controls enrolled in the Women's Circle of Health Study (WCHS). (cdc.gov)
We found a number of SNPs in miRNAs and processing genes in association with breast cancer overall or stratified by estrogen receptor (ER) status. (cdc.gov)

Importantly, the alternative splicing of the LMNA gene was highly sensitive to the levels of specific Serine-Arginine rich (SR) proteins (5) , and produced several splicing isoforms that affect adipose tissue metabolism and aging in opposite manners, with Lamin A and Progerin promoting energy expenditure and aging, while Lamin C favors slower metabolism and moderately slows the aging process in mice (4) . (unil.ch)
Our research focuses on the roles of two particular RNA binding proteins of the SR protein family, SRSF1 and SRSF2, in metabolism and adipose tissue biology. (unil.ch)
Box C/D RNAs are associated with four snoRNP core proteins: NOP56, NOP58, fibrillarin, and 15.5 kDa [ 5 - 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Box C/D RNAs contain the following functional elements: boxes C and D, which are essential for snoRNA interaction with specific proteins, and a guide sequence that determines the nucleotide to be modified (Figure 1(a) ). (hindawi.com)
PPR proteins represent the most frequent protein class among identified Rfs and they exhibit ideal characteristics to evolve into restorer of fertility when the mechanism of restoration implies a post-transcriptional action. (frontiersin.org)
Finally, anti-HIV RNA decoys that aim to titrate out early essential viral replication proteins Tat and Rev are constructed. (ca.gov)
In addition, after transcription, a wide array of RNA-binding proteins interacts with cis -acting elements located mainly in the 3' untranslated region, determining the fate of mRNAs in eukaryotic cells. (frontiersin.org)
Several m6A-binding proteins with the YTH domain, containing YTHDF1, YTHDF2, YTHDF3 and YTHDC1, function as the readers to modulate translation and mediate degradation of m6A-modified RNAs [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In all biological systems, RNAs are associated with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), forming complexes that control gene regulatory mechanisms, from RNA synthesis to decay. (mpg.de)
Here, we describe a putative human mitochondrial protein, C6orf203, that contains an S4-like domain-an evolutionarily conserved RNA-binding domain previously identified in proteins involved in translation. (mpg.de)
The regulation of gene expression can be achieved by various types of modulating mechanisms, and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are commonly known as critical regulators targeting a global range of transcripts. (bvsalud.org)
Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) are a course of transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that do not encode proteins. (oncotarget.com)
Classification of sRNAs relies on their biogenesis mechanisms, size, complementarity to the target, related proteins, and most important regulatory processes in which they are involved. (angiotensinreceptor.com)
Moreover, prokaryotic Ago proteins have been shown to contribute to some forms of RNA-guided gene regulation [180]. (angiotensinreceptor.com)
DNA transcribes into RNA, with exons coding for proteins and introns removed by spliceosomes. (khanacademy.org)
Transcriptome sequencing involves sequencing the mRNA, the RNA which directly codes for proteins. (sourcebioscience.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are little non-coding RNAs that take part in the spatiotemporal legislation of messenger RNA and proteins synthesis. (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
Increasing evidence indicates the importance of posttranscriptional regulation of plant defense by RNA binding proteins. (nsf.gov)
The KH repeat is an ancient RNA binding motif found in proteins from diverse organisms. (nsf.gov)
The genetic information of life on Earth have been conserved in natural nucleotides-A, G, C, T(U) forming two exclusive sets of base pairs A-T(U) & G-C, that complementing to the fundamental processes of DNA replication & RNA transcription by several polymerases and translation to functional proteins via ribosomal reactions. (fortuneonline.org)

In the case of RNA molecules that bind target RNA segments, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), the altered base pairing can change binding specificities. (biomedcentral.com)
Here we explore combinations of different classes of therapeutic anti-HIV-1 RNAs expressed from within the context of an intronic MCM7 (minichromosome maintenance complex component-7) platform that naturally harbors 3 microRNAs (miRNAs). (ca.gov)
The first class of small RNAs identified were the micro RNAs (miRNAs), which are small (~22 nt) non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by base pairing to mRNAs where they direct either mRNA cleavage or repress translation [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Following a complex process of miRNA transcription, processing, and nuclear export, miRNAs are further processed by the RNaseIII enzyme, Dicer, and its cofactor TRBP. (biomedcentral.com)
We also report sense/antisense miRNAs in mouse and find antisense transcripts close to many miRNAs in both flies and mammals, suggesting that additional sense/antisense pairs exist. (nih.gov)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory non-coding RNAs, resulting from the cleavage of long primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) in the nucleus by the Microprocessor complex generating precursors (pre-miRNAs) that are then exported to the cytoplasm and processed into mature miRNAs. (mdpi.com)
SncRNAs are less than 200 nt in length, consisting of microRNAs (miRNAs), Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), endogenous small interfering RNAs (endo-siRNAs or esiRNAs) and transcription initiation RNAs (tiRNAs) [ 6 ]. (ijbs.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are a class of small, non-coding, endogenous and functional RNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
Mature miRNAs are generated from sequential processing of primary miRNA transcripts by Drosha and Dicer, then serve as posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression in certain biological events including carcinogenesis [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an integral part of the post-transcriptional machinery of gene expression and have been implicated in the carcinogenic cascade. (cdc.gov)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that bind to the 3' UTR of target mRNAs, and silence gene expression by inducing degradation of target mRNAs or inhibition of protein translation [ 10 ]. (cdc.gov)

Endogenous antisense RNAs function as regulators of gene expression by a variety of mechanisms. (genomicglossaries.com)
Endogenous MCM7 MicroRNA Cluster as a Novel Platform to Multiplex Small Interfering and Nucleolar RNAs for Combinational HIV-1 Gene Therapy. (ca.gov)
In this current study, we utilized an endogenous microRNA (miRNA) cluster as a platform to express multiple anti-HIV small RNAs. (ca.gov)
In contrast, constitutive ectopic overexpression of the AtGRP7-RQ mutant does not lead to alternative splicing of the endogenous AtGRP7 transcript and concomitant damping of the oscillations. (uni-bielefeld.de)

Furthermore, post-transcriptional gene expression regulation by cellular and/or EBV-derived microRNAs has attracted considerable attention. (spandidos-publications.com)
Scientific interests are centered on the exploitation of genomic approaches to the study of mechanisms in control of gene expression dynamics provided by non-coding RNAs (microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs) and their impact on cell behaviour and human disease, with emphasis on Cancer. (iit.it)
Since 2012, he joined the Center of Genomic Science at Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), as Researcher and leading his own scientific group, focusing on microRNAs and regulatory non-coding RNAs. (iit.it)
He is recognized for the key contribution in the field of non-coding RNAs, in particular for characterizing the function and regulation of microRNAs in the gene expression regulatory network. (iit.it)

These short RNAs participate in a diverse array of cellular processes including gene regulation, chromatin dynamics and genome defense. (biomedcentral.com)
Small RNAs play important roles in many aspects of pre- and post-transcriptional gene regulation, epigenetic modifications, chromosome segregation and genome structure. (biomedcentral.com)
In mammalian mitochondria, post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression is conducted by mitochondrial RBPs (mt-RBPs) at various stages of mt-RNA metabolism, including polycistronic transcript production, its processing into individual transcripts, mt-RNA modifications, stability, translation and degradation. (mpg.de)
This correlates with the loss of the negative auto-regulation in vivo: in transgenic plants constitutively overexpressing AtGRP7 (AtGRP7-ox), a shift occurs to an alternatively spliced AtGRP7 transcript that decays rapidly, and thus does not accumulate to high levels. (uni-bielefeld.de)
Moreover, regulation of AtGRP7 downstream targets also depends on its RNA-binding activity, as AtGRP8 and other targets identified by transcript profiling of wild-type and AtGRP7-ox plants using fluorescent differential display are negatively affected by AtGRP7 but not by AtGRP7-RQ. (uni-bielefeld.de)
Auto-regulation of the circadian slave oscillator component AtGRP7 and regulation of its targets is impaired by a single RNA recognition motif point mutation", The Plant Journal , vol. 52, 2007, pp. 1119-1130. (uni-bielefeld.de)
It spurred a number of studies that ultimately led to great advances in our understanding of the small RNAs' role in gene epigenetic regulation. (aspb.org)
Brian Larkins - Rich's discovery of "co-suppression", the first evidence of gene silencing via small RNAs, created the foundation for a whole new area of research in gene regulation. (aspb.org)
Post-transcriptional regulation of transcript abundances by RNA interference (RNAi) is a widely conserved regulatory mechanism to control cellular processes. (researcher.life)
Post-transcriptional regulation occurs in eukaryotes, stabilizing mRNA for translation. (khanacademy.org)
Ribonucleases are in charge of the processing, degradation and quality control of all cellular transcripts, which makes them crucial factors in RNA regulation. (diamond.ac.uk)
This post-transcriptional regulation allows bacteria to promptly react to different stress conditions and growth phase transitions, and also to produce the required virulence factors in pathogenic bacteria. (diamond.ac.uk)
By sequencing small RNAs, and analysing which are expressed, the presence of interfering molecules can be identified, which are an important for post-transcriptional gene silencing and regulation. (sourcebioscience.com)
New systems processing of numerous and different kinds of signals, math- must capture the specific biological mechanisms of opera- ematical and computational methods are required to model tion and distributed regulation at work within the genome. (lu.se)
More- ing with the global understanding of functional genomics, over, signal processing is based on a holistic view of regu- with special emphasis on genomic regulation. (lu.se)
We found that the regulation of TE transcription during brain development is essential for the establishment of long-term transcriptional repression carried to adulthood (Paper I and IV). (lu.se)

Because alternative RNA splicing allows different types of mRNA molecules to be created from a single gene, it generates the diversity of protein function and structure that is essential to complex organisms. (genomicglossaries.com)
RNA molecules which hybridize to complementary sequences in either RNA or DNA altering the function of the latter. (genomicglossaries.com)
More specifically, antisense oligonucleotides that are useful as reagents for target validation , or as drugs, are engineered molecules that differ from natural RNA but that have a base sequence that is recognized as being complementary to a very specific mRNA sequence. (genomicglossaries.com)
Small RNAs have proven to be essential regulatory molecules encoded within eukaryotic genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
These sequences are generally removed from primary transcripts to form mature RNA molecules in a post-transcriptional process called splicing. (fu-berlin.de)
While the field of microbiology has adapted to the study of complex microbiomes via modern meta-omics techniques, we have not updated our basic knowledge regarding the quantitative levels of DNA, RNA and protein molecules within a microbial cell, which ultimately control cellular function. (nature.com)
It also gives an overview of the important aspects of RNA processing, including the RNA processing machinery that involves the action of other RNA molecules. (oxfordsciencetrove.com)
The chapter reviews the main features of the biogenesis of ribosomal RNA, which is a process that is facilitated by a family of small RNA molecules known as the small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs). (oxfordsciencetrove.com)
These molecules act each in the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, by mediating chromatin modulation, regulating option splicing, inducing suppression of translation, or directing the degradation of target transcripts [1]. (angiotensinreceptor.com)
In certain, the discovery in the RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism in animals JAK2 Formulation resulted in a Nobel Prize and motivated a boom of complete studies unveiling the functional role of those molecules in post-transcriptional silencing [3]. (angiotensinreceptor.com)

Eukaryotic RNA transcripts can undergo a range of post-transcriptional modifications, which increase the diversity of the transcriptome without requiring increases in genome size. (biomedcentral.com)
Comparative analysis of RNA-Seq data and the genome sequence did not provide evidence for RNA editing in C. graminicola . (biomedcentral.com)
As part of the genome sequencing initiative for the tammar, we have explored the evolution of each of the major classes of mammalian small RNAs in an Australian marsupial for the first time, including the first genome-scale analysis of the newest class of small RNAs, centromere repeat associated short interacting RNAs (crasiRNAs). (biomedcentral.com)
We examined each of these small RNA classes with respect to the newly assembled tammar wallaby genome for gene and repeat features, salient features that define their canonical sequences, and the constitution of both highly conserved and species-specific members. (biomedcentral.com)
This study encompasses the first analyses of the major classes of small RNAs for the newly completed tammar genome, validates preliminary annotations using deep sequencing and computational approaches, and provides a foundation for future work on tammar-specific as well as conserved, but previously unknown small RNA progenitors and targets identified herein. (biomedcentral.com)
Highly Potent Antisense Oligonucleotides Locked Nucleic Acid Gapmers Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 RNA Genome. (researcher.life)
Here we present a therapeutic strategy targeting the SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome using antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs). (researcher.life)
This analysis uses RNA-Seq data to quantify expression levels by comparison to a reference genome, or de novo transcriptome assembly if a reference genome is not available. (sourcebioscience.com)
The paper describes the genome sequence, gene annotation, and transcriptional profiling of the microalga Nannochloropsis gaditana B-31. (elisacorteggiani.com)
Signals generated by the genome must be processed to the genome, regulatory models require the kind of nonlinear characterize their regulatory effects and their relationship to dynamics studied in signal processing and control. (lu.se)

RNA interference (RNAi) is critical for the assembly of heterochromatin at Schizosaccharomyces pombe centromeres. (rcsb.org)
Moreover, microRNA-181 expression was inhibited upon an inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by an induction of adenomatosis polyposis coli (APC) expression or silencing β-catenin via RNA interference. (biomedcentral.com)

We use modern molecular biology, cellular biology and RNA sequencing approaches, in addition of metabolically phenotyping our conditional knockout models. (unil.ch)
Inasmuch as artificial box C/D RNAs decreased viability of transfected human cells, we propose that natural snoRNAs as well as their artificial analogues can influence the maturation of complementary pre-mRNA and can be effective regulators of vital cellular processes. (hindawi.com)
RNA-seq lets us investigate and discover the transcriptome, the total cellular content of RNAs including mRNA, rRNA and tRNA. (technologynetworks.com)
The studies presented here expand the catalogue of cellular small RNAs and demonstrate a biological impact for at least one class of non-canonical small RNAs. (inra.fr)
Herein, we summarized the RBPs that influence cellular senescence, particularly by regulating processes such as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, cell cycle, and mitochondrial function. (bvsalud.org)
For example, when Escherichia coli is grown axenically in steady state, we can expect that each RNA molecule corresponds to 10 2 -10 4 of the matching protein (absolute protein-to-RNA ratio, hereafter referred protein-to-RNA ratio) and the variation in the level of cellular RNA explains ~29% of the variation in the amount of detectable protein 2 . (nature.com)
Pseudogenes clearly play an active role in regulating chronic inflammation in humans, a key cellular process that is associated with cancer, autoimmune disorders and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. (icr.org)
The fact that all four independently encoded miR-181 transcripts are similarly activated to maintain "stemness" is intriguing, which implies that a common cellular signaling pathway may converge to activate miR-181s. (biomedcentral.com)
Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lungs were collected to examine airway remodeling, inflammation, mucous production, cellular influx, and cytokine responses at 1 day and 21 days post final exposure. (cdc.gov)

Along with the reorganization of epigenetic and transcriptional networks, somatic cell reprogramming brings about numerous changes at the level of RNA processing. (nih.gov)

Since the change in the RNA sequence is not a multiple of three, the mRNA contains a frameshift and a premature stop codon after 189 nucleotides. (wikipedia.org)
Nucleotides, which polymerize to form long chains, are the building blocks of DNA and RNA. (oxfordsciencetrove.com)
A DNA molecule consists of two chains of nucleotides coiled around each other to form a double helix, while an RNA molecule consists of a single chain. (oxfordsciencetrove.com)

Alternative splicing involves the differential joining of exonic sequences within a nascent pre-mRNA transcript, to form distinct mature mRNAs. (unil.ch)
However, a number of snoRNA-like transcripts do not have guide sequences that are complementary to rRNA or snRNA, so they have unknown functions and are called "orphan snoRNAs" [ 8 , 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
Using such an approach, it was shown that introducing sequences complementary to a selected pre-mRNA into box C/D RNA structures allowed knockdown of the target mRNA [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
RNA-seq (RNA-sequencing) is a technique that can examine the quantity and sequences of RNA in a sample using next-generation sequencing (NGS) . (technologynetworks.com)
Following processes of amplification, size selection, clean-up and quality checking, the cDNA library is then analyzed by NGS, producing short sequences that correspond to all or part of the fragment from which it was derived. (technologynetworks.com)
The availability of multiple PAS in the same 3' regulatory region enables the inclusion or exclusion of 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) sequences, resulting in transcripts that may differ in particularities involving post-transcriptional processes such as stability, transport and translation ( Mayr, 2016 ), and even protein localization ( Berkovits and Mayr, 2015 ). (frontiersin.org)
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. (bvsalud.org)

This is done by reverse transcription and allows the RNA to be put into an NGS workflow. (technologynetworks.com)
These obstacles interfered with comparative in-vivo investigation of mtDNA transcription in diverse conditions, and hampered expanding the study of mtDNA nascent transcripts to organisms lacking an mtDNA reference sequence. (biorxiv.org)
However, it has been proven that more than 62% of genomic DNA serves as a template for transcription, which indicates that there are abundant non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in human transcriptome [ 2 , 3 ]. (ijbs.com)
Tracy says that the poly-A tail helps to promote termination of transcription by the RNA polymerase. (khanacademy.org)
If a promoter were to be after the operator, then a repressor (which binds to the operator) would have no effect on transcription because it would not block the RNA polymerase. (khanacademy.org)
In addition, we demonstrate that this family is critical in maintaining stemness of EpCAM + AFP + HepCSCs, in part by directly targeting an inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling (nemo-like kinase [NLK]) and two hepatic transcriptional regulators of differentiation, i.e., caudal type homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2) and GATA binding protein 6 (GATA6). (biomedcentral.com)

Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNA) are commonly known to be involved in the processing of precursor ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) and small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). (hindawi.com)
It covers the processing and maturation of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), small nuclear RNA (snRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), mitochondrial transcripts, and telomerase. (oxfordsciencetrove.com)
Typically, ribosomal RNA is removed from a sample, as this RNA is highly abundant and is non-coding. (sourcebioscience.com)

We demonstrate the versatility of the MCM7 platform in expressing and efficiently processing the siRNAs as miRNA mimics along with nucleolar small RNAs. (ca.gov)

In study by Ono and coworkers, such an antisense element was placed into HBII-180C box C/D RNA instead of the structural element referred to as the M box [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
Strikingly, a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) GATA3-AS, transcribed from the antisense strand of the GATA3 gene, functioned as a cis -acting element for the preferential interaction of KIAA1429 with GATA3 pre-mRNA. (biomedcentral.com)
this we presumed would be some form of the Chs transcript, perhaps the antisense form. (aspb.org)
Recent advances in the therapeutic potential of RNA-related treatments, specifically for antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)-based drugs, have led to increased numbers of ASO regulatory approvals. (researcher.life)

As Rich pointed out, this property of PD to mediate in non-cell-autonomous trafficking of RNA could well underlie the unusual irregular PTGS/RNAi patterning that they observed in the petals of the transgenic petunia. (aspb.org)
In quick, throughout RNAi, sRNAs of roughly 180 nt are incorporated into an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which can be then directed to a target transcript by way of Watson rick base pairing. (angiotensinreceptor.com)

Abstract Combinational therapy with small RNA inhibitory agents against multiple viral targets allows efficient inhibition of viral production by controlling gene expression at critical time points. (ca.gov)
Abstract Plant disease resistance is a complex process that is maintained in an intricate balance with development. (nsf.gov)

In mammalian cells, m6A modification is a reversible process regulated by m6A WERs (writers, erasers and readers). (biomedcentral.com)
However, a comprehensive evaluation of the involvement of RNA processing factors in the reprogramming of somatic mammalian cells is lacking. (nih.gov)

Despite the fact that the mechanisms by which they act will not be as extensively investigated as in eukaryotes, regulatory RNAs are also present in Archaea and Bacteria. (angiotensinreceptor.com)

The artificial box C/D RNA directed to the branch point adenosine of the second intron, as well as the analogue directed to the last nucleotide of the second exon of the HSPA8 pre-mRNA caused the most prominent influence on the level of HSPA8 mRNAs. (hindawi.com)
Bioinformatics analysis revealed that some of these orphan RNAs were complementary to pre-mRNAs or mature mRNAs [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
Although RNA editing has long been considered a relatively rare processing event, more recent research suggests that the vast majority of pre-mRNAs are edited [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Here we show that processing of mature mRNAs through an as yet unknown mechanism may generate complex populations of both long and short RNAs whose apparently capped 5' ends coincide. (inra.fr)
This study also defined and verified 19 target mRNAs of 23 LncRNAs related to the oxidative reduction process. (oncotarget.com)
Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. (bvsalud.org)

Through APA, a single gene containing multiple PAS can generate a considerable number of transcript isoforms, thereby producing a highly diversified transcriptome ( Tian and Manley, 2013 ). (frontiersin.org)
These include the expression of specific transcript isoforms and 3' untranslated regions. (nih.gov)

87(5): 1663-1667] Specifically, the investigators started by priming whole cerebellar RNA with a synthetic oligonucleotide containing a T7 RNA polymerase promoter sequence. (genomicglossaries.com)
After second- strand cDNA synthesis, T7 RNA polymerase was used to generate aRNA. (genomicglossaries.com)
Polyadenylation is essential for the stability of the transcript, preventing the mRNA from being the target of posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) via RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 6 (RDR6) in plants ( Luo and Chen, 2007 ). (frontiersin.org)
I thought that the addition of the poly-A tail was done as a post-transcriptional modification via polyadenylate polymerase. (khanacademy.org)

Recently snoRNAs are predicted to regulate posttranscriptional modifications of pre-mRNA. (hindawi.com)
It can also identify post-transcriptional modifications that occur during mRNA processing such as polyadenylation and 5' capping. (technologynetworks.com)
RNA-Seq offers the potential for substantially improved gene annotations and for the identification of posttranscriptional RNA modifications, such as alternative splicing and RNA editing. (biomedcentral.com)

This highlights the importance of AtGRP7 binding to its own transcript for the negative auto-regulatory circuit. (uni-bielefeld.de)
Regulatory RNAs, also known as non-coding RNAs, don't contribute straight to protein synthesis but function at different manage levels to modulate gene expression. (angiotensinreceptor.com)
Eukaryotic regulatory RNAs are broadly classified into lengthy (200 nt) and little (200 nt). (angiotensinreceptor.com)
Alternatively, little RNA (sRNA)-based regulatory mechanisms are properly established. (angiotensinreceptor.com)
Within this regard, the RNA chaperone Hfq is effectively described to play a central function in a number of RNA-based regulatory systems in prokaryotes [127]. (angiotensinreceptor.com)
However, when scientists target individual pseudogenes for closer study, they find that their regulatory functions are not only highly complex, but key to life processes in the cell that keep us healthy. (icr.org)
Their mutagenic potential and gene regulatory effect have shaped the evolution of transcriptional networks involved in development, pluripotency, and inflammation. (lu.se)

One class of such RNA agents is small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that mediate viral message degradation with perfect base pairing to the target. (ca.gov)
KIAA1429 induced m6A methylation on the 3′ UTR of GATA3 pre-mRNA, leading to the separation of the RNA-binding protein HuR and the degradation of GATA3 pre-mRNA. (biomedcentral.com)

Nonetheless, extended non-coding RNAs and also the mechanisms by which they exert their functions are still poorly characterized and deserve further research efforts. (angiotensinreceptor.com)
We show that human and chimpanzee cells differentiate in a similar man¬ner and that the difference in interspecies protein abundance is higher than transcript-level differences, suggesting that post-transcriptional mechanisms play a role in the difference between human and chim¬panzee brain development. (lu.se)
Taken together, our results suggest that post-transcriptional mechanisms play an important role in the brain both during development and in the adult brain. (lu.se)

Total RNA from splenocytes of sham-operated (SHAM, n = 10), sepsis-induced (SEPSIS, n = 7), and sepsis receiving mitochondrial transplantation (SEPSIS + MT, n = 8) samples was extracted and we conducted a comparative transcriptome-wide analysis between three groups. (bvsalud.org)

ADAR3 contains an arginine-rich domain, shown in pink, which binds single-stranded RNA. (biomedcentral.com)

A biological process that is crucial for gene expression in most animal life, including humans. (genomicglossaries.com)
Each class of small RNAs is synthesized by a distinct mechanism and each has discrete biological functions. (biomedcentral.com)

An efficient splicing of primary transcripts is an essential step in gene expression and its misregulation is related to numerous human diseases. (fu-berlin.de)

Knockout of C6orf203 leads to a decrease in mitochondrial translation and consequent OXPHOS deficiency, without affecting mitochondrial RNA levels. (mpg.de)
We therefore propose C6orf203 to be a novel RNA-binding protein involved in mitochondrial translation, expanding the repertoire of factors engaged in this process. (mpg.de)

rRNAs and snRNAs are the main natural targets of 2′-O-methylation that is mediated by box C/D RNAs. (hindawi.com)
To test whether miR-181s were transcriptional targets of Wnt/β-catenin, we first examined the expression of β-catenin and miR-181s in five different HCC cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)

RNA which contains an intron sequence that has an enzyme- like catalytic activity. (genomicglossaries.com)
This represents the first efficacious example of combining Drosha-processed siRNAs with small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP)-processed nucleolar RNA chimeras from a single intron platform for effective inhibition of viral replication. (ca.gov)
Based on the nucleotide sequence information of transcripts, we identified 819 novel transcriptionally active regions (nTARs) and revised 906 incorrectly predicted gene models, including revisions of exon-intron structure, gene orientation and sequencing errors. (biomedcentral.com)

RNA-like oligonucleotides that are complementary to a portion of a target mRNA molecule. (genomicglossaries.com)
A complementary RNA sequence that binds to a naturally occurring (sense) mRNA molecule, thus blocking its translation. (genomicglossaries.com)
As a result, ADAR-mediated editing can post-transcriptionally alter codons, introduce or remove splice sites, or affect the base pairing of the RNA molecule with itself or with other RNAs. (biomedcentral.com)

RNA splicing is a key phase in gene expression in eukaryotic cells. (unil.ch)
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel type of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), are ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotic cells during post-transcriptional processes. (ijbs.com)

Long noncoding RNA (LncRNA) can regulate the redox state in vivo . (oncotarget.com)
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel member of the lncRNA kingdom, are generated by non-sequential backsplicing of exons, introns or a combination of both [ 7 - 9 ]. (ijbs.com)

The inclusion or exclusion of different exons to form different mRNA transcripts. (genomicglossaries.com)

Total RNA sequencing involves the sequencing all the RNA within a sample. (sourcebioscience.com)

Central to this process is the RNA-induced initiation of transcriptional gene silencing (RITS) complex, which physically anchors small noncoding RNAs to chromatin. (rcsb.org)
A free consultation is provided at the initiation stage of the project and an a dedicated Account Manager will be assigned to provide end-to-end support throughout the project and post data delivery. (sourcebioscience.com)

RBPs bind to RNA-binding motifs of the target transcripts and are involved in post-transcriptional processes such as RNA transport, stabilization, splicing, and decay. (bvsalud.org)

More recently, another group of researchers reported that they had developed a process for optimizing low- abundance RNA, by combining aRNA amplification with template- switching. (genomicglossaries.com)
Supplying synthetic promoter-associated small RNAs corresponding to the c-MYC transcriptional start site reduced MYC messenger RNA abundance. (inra.fr)

Moreover, combinations with small RNAs capable of turning over multiple target substrates, such as siRNAs and ribozymes, showed greater inhibition to HIV replication in a one-month challenge assay. (ca.gov)
In turn, siRNAs originate from extended double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) structures and mainly function in the protection against viruses and transposons [91]. (angiotensinreceptor.com)

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification, the most abundant internal methylation of eukaryotic RNA transcripts, is critically implicated in RNA processing. (biomedcentral.com)

Little information is available about how post-transcriptional RNA processing regulates metabolic adaptation in adipose tissue depots. (unil.ch)

Our data show C6orf203 to bind highly structured RNA in vitro and associate with the mitoribosomal large subunit in HEK293T cells. (mpg.de)

To expand understanding of the role of snoRNAs in control of gene expression, in this study we tested the ability of artificial box C/D RNAs to affect the maturation of target pre-mRNA. (hindawi.com)
The developed DNA vectors encoded mature snoRNAs or artificial pre-mRNA fragments that were processed to snoRNA [ 1 , 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
The combinations of si/snoRNAs represent a new paradigm for combinatorial RNA-based gene therapy applications. (ca.gov)

In this context, the exploration of temporal interplay between populations with different lifestyles (comprising metabolism, motility, sporulation, etc.) becomes of primary importance to interpret the changes in fundamental quantities in a microbial community, such as the protein-to-RNA ratio that ultimately impacts the overarching community phenotype(s). (nature.com)

1998. Influence of organochlorine pesticides on maturation and post-fertilization development of bovine oocytes in vitro . (cdc.gov)

Now they are being shown to be highly functional and critical to life processes in the cell. (icr.org)
This change characterizes the movement into the era signal processing community in relation to attacking the fun- of functional genomics. (lu.se)

Whilst many in the so-called long non-coding RNAs are described to regulate gene expression at many levels, it has recently been shown that some could, actually, have coding functions [1,2]. (angiotensinreceptor.com)

ncRNAs play important roles in controlling gene expression at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. (ijbs.com)

Source Genomics can offer analysis of different RNA Species (coding, non-coding and small transcripts) from a lengthy range of starting material using long and short read sequencing. (sourcebioscience.com)

The consequent mis-splicing causes the 35-nucleotide deletion in the mature mRNA transcript. (wikipedia.org)
RNA editing refers to post-transcriptional processes that alter the nucleotide sequence of an RNA transcript by insertion, deletion or nucleotide conversion. (biomedcentral.com)
Some of the most popular techniques that use RNA-seq are transcriptional profiling, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) identification, 3 RNA editing and differential gene expression analysis. (technologynetworks.com)

MBII-52 box C/D snoRNA containing a guide sequence complementary to the serotonin receptor 2C pre-mRNA was reported to take part in controlling the posttranscriptional modification of the target pre-mRNA (conversion A to I) [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
A-to-I RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification that converts adenosines to inosines in both coding and noncoding RNA transcripts. (biomedcentral.com)
We also analyzed the modification of the transcriptional profile in nitrogen deficiency-a condition known to stimulate lipid accumulation. (elisacorteggiani.com)

Gene therapy approaches are attractive alternatives where the most vulnerable immune cells are modified with antiviral small RNAs with the goal to engineer an HIV-resistant immune system. (ca.gov)
Moreover, we demonstrated enrichment/selection for cells expressing levels of the antiviral RNAs that provide optimal inhibition under the selective pressure of HIV. (ca.gov)

Together, these findings provide clear evidence that AUF1 is an important inducer of the EMT process through stabilization of SNAIL1 and TWIST1 and the consequent promotion of breast cancer stem cells. (nature.com)

Interestingly, cells with optimal level of small RNA expression to effectively inhibit viral replication were enriched under the selective pressure of HIV, demonstrating the importance of balancing expression and functionality for successful gene therapy applications. (ca.gov)
Using next generation sequencing, we have characterized the major classes of small RNAs, micro (mi) RNAs, piwi interacting (pi) RNAs, and the centromere repeat associated short interacting (crasi) RNAs in the tammar. (biomedcentral.com)
A survey of the tammar gonadal piRNAs shows that these small RNAs are enriched in retroelements and carry members from both marsupial and tammar-specific repeat classes. (biomedcentral.com)
Another class of important small RNAs is the piRNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
EBVaGC is defined by monoclonal proliferation of carcinoma cells with latent EBV infection, as demonstrated by EBV-encoded small RNA (EBER) in situ hybridization. (spandidos-publications.com)
Subsequent development of in situ hybridization (ISH) techniques to detect EBV-encoded small RNAs (EBERs) facilitated the detection of EBV in cancer tissues ( 4 , 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Overall, small RNAs tended to align with CAGE (cap-analysis of gene expression) tags, which mark the 5' ends of capped, long RNA transcripts. (inra.fr)
Many small RNAs, including the previously described promoter-associated small RNAs, appeared to possess cap structures. (inra.fr)
Small RNA sequencing utilises a preparation which selects for small RNAs within a sample. (sourcebioscience.com)

In mutants impaired in the nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) components UPF1 or UPF3, levels of the alternatively spliced AtGRP7 and AtGRP8 transcripts that contain premature termination codons are strongly elevated, implicating UPF1 and UPF3 in the decay of these clock-regulated transcripts. (uni-bielefeld.de)

Remarkably TGF-β and BMP signalling promotes PF-2545920 a rapid increase in manifestation of mature miR-21 through a post-transcriptional step promoting the processing of main transcripts of miR-21 (pri-miR-21) into precursor miR-21 (pre-miR-21) from the DROSHA (also known as RNASEN) complex. (healthyconnectionsinc.com)

RESULTS: Following repeated exposure, both C. neoformans and V. victoriae cells were still detectable in the lungs 21 days post final exposure. (cdc.gov)

We demonstrated persistent expression of each anti-HIV RNAs in CEM T cell lines that stably integrate the transgene. (ca.gov)
These analyses illustrate that SPLICE-q can detect a progressive increase of splicing efficiency throughout a time course of nascent RNA-Seq and it might be useful when it comes to understanding cancer progression beyond mere gene expression levels. (fu-berlin.de)
Furthermore, they support the concept that splicing factors with evolutionarily conserved, cell type-specific expression can modulate the efficiency of the process by reinforcing intermediate states resembling the cell types in which these factors are normally expressed. (nih.gov)
Subsequently, an Argonaute (Ago) protein inside RISC acts to inhibit or degrade the target transcript, resulting in suppressed gene expression [7,8]. (angiotensinreceptor.com)

In mammals, the most prevalent form of RNA editing involves the conversion of adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) by hydrolytic deamination at the C6 position of adenine (Figure 1 a) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Once you have obtained your RNA sample for analysis, the first step in the technique involves converting the population of RNA to be sequenced into complimentary DNA (cDNA) fragments (a cDNA library). (technologynetworks.com)
Since requires its own model systems, not simply straightforward transcriptional (and posttranscriptional) control involves the adaptations of currently formulated models. (lu.se)

Despite the wealth of data concerning adipose tissue metabolic alterations in conditions of obesity and insulin resistance, the involvement of RNA splicing and other post-transcriptional RNA processing events in these processes remains poorly studied. (unil.ch)
Increased susceptibility to oxidative stress and the resulting injury are thought to participate in the onset and progression of many pathophysiological processes such as endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, diabetes, inflammatory, and metabolic diseases [ 10 - 14 ]. (oncotarget.com)

Anatomy18

Organisms17

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs99

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment28

Phenomena and Processes91

Disciplines and Occupations3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science5

Health Care3

Genes40

Proteins20

MiRNAs11

Endogenous4

MicroRNAs4

Regulation16

Molecules10

Genome10

Interference2

Cellular9

Epigenetic1

Nucleotides3

Sequences7

Transcription6

Ribosomal3

MiRNA1

Antisense4

RNAi2

Abstract2

Mammalian2

Eukaryotes1

MRNAs6

Isoforms2

Polymerase4

Modifications3

Regulatory7

Degradation2

Mechanisms3

Transcriptome1

Single-stranded1

Biological2

Primary transcripts1

Mitochondrial2

Targets2

Intron3

Molecule3

Eukaryotic cells2

LncRNA2

Exons1

Total RNA1

Initiation2

Target transcripts1

Abundance2

SiRNAs2

Methylation1

Regulates1

Bind1

SnoRNAs3

Metabolism1

Maturation1

Functional2

Regulate gene expression1

Roles1

Genomics1

Nucleotide3

Modification3

Antiviral2

Consequent1

Small9

Decay1

Precursor1

Cells1

Expression4

Involves3

Metabolic2