• Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., is an important crop that is grown in warmer climates throughout the world. (usda.gov)
  • Genetic characterization of the brown lint phenotype for desi cotton ( Gossypium arboreum ) accession PI 408765 (cv. (scialert.net)
  • Upland cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum ) and cultivars derived from this species are the most widely cultivated cotton in the world. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Manual topping is a routine agronomic practice for balancing the vegetative and reproductive growth of cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum ) in China, but its cost-effectiveness has decreased over time. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), commonly known as tobacco cutworm or cotton leafworm, is a polyphagous pest which causes considerable damage to cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum ) and other crops. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gossypium hirsutum L., or upland cotton, is an important renewable resource for textile fiber. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Identification and genomic characterization of major effect bacterial blight resistance locus (BB-13) in Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. (ncsu.edu)
  • High-density linkage map construction and QTL analyses for fiber quality, yield and morphological traits using CottonSNP63K array in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. (ncsu.edu)
  • Seed Size, Ginning Rate, and Net Ginning Energy Requirement in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) . 25:91-100. (tamu.edu)
  • Breeding and genetics: Characterizing primitive cotton acccessions (gossypium spp. (tamu.edu)
  • Breeding and genetics: Relationships of lint yield and fiber quality with ginning rate and net ginning energy in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) . 20:31-39. (tamu.edu)
  • The performance of textile processes and the quality of the products depends on the several cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber quality traits, such as micronaire index, fiber length, and fiber strength. (embrapa.br)
  • For genetic characterization of rapid cell elongation in cotton fibers, ∼ 14,000 unique genes were assembled from 46,603 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from developmentally staged fiber cDNAs of a cultivated diploid species (Gossypium arboreum L.). Conservatively, the fiber transcriptome represents 35-40% of the genes in the cotton genome. (edu.sa)
  • Association Analysis for Economic Traits in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. (arccjournals.com)
  • or = 12 bp) obtained from approximately 14,000 consensus sequences derived from fiber ESTs generated from the cultivated diploid species Gossypium arboreum L. cv AKA8401. (scite.ai)
  • Gossypium arboreum is a cotton species native primarily to Pakistan and india. (cottongen.org)
  • They have detected 63 quantitative trait loci (QTL) or portions of the DNA with linked genes that confer a quantitative trait. (isaaa.org)
  • Useful genetic variability has been measured in the day-neutral lines for agronomic and fiber traits. (usda.gov)
  • To improve agronomic and fiber traits sources of genetic variability are required. (usda.gov)
  • Earliness, a distinctive characteristic of short-season cotton, is a complex agronomic trait of a quantitative genetic nature [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Other agronomic traits, such as plant height (PH), node of the first fruiting branch (NFFB) and height of the NFFB (HNFFB), have also been used as earliness indexes [ 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Heterotic effects of mungbean hybrids from 25 crosses between parents differing in 9 agronomic and physiological traits were evaluated for various selected traits and seed yield. (geneticsmr.com)
  • Jatropha is a species with great potential for biodiesel production, and the knowledge on how the main agronomic traits are correlated will contribute to its improvement. (geneticsmr.com)
  • Performance data includes lint yield, fiber quality traits and other important agronomic traits. (cottoninc.com)
  • Factors that regulate the rate and duration of cell expansion control fiber morphology and important agronomic traits. (edu.sa)
  • However, the unfavorable correlations between the lint yield and fiber quality limit conventional breeding programs in improving upland cotton. (isaaa.org)
  • To construct a relatively high density map and determine complex traits associated with fiber quality traits, Ke Zhang and colleagues from Southwest University in China used three upland cotton cultivars to make a segregating population. (isaaa.org)
  • This genetic map and QTL can be used for breeding programs of upland cotton to further improve fiber quality. (isaaa.org)
  • Diallel analysis for technological traits in upland cotton. (geneticsmr.com)
  • Attempts to introgress genes from G. barbadense into upland cotton have resulted in achieving stable introgression of fibre quality traits and disease resistance in the background of upland cotton. (org.in)
  • The resulting genetic map contained 978 microsatellites and 69 linkage groups, covering about 94.1 percent of the whole tetraploid cotton genome . (isaaa.org)
  • Additional genetic variability for these desirable traits is required. (usda.gov)
  • These day-neutral accessions are available to improve cotton and to expand its genetic base. (usda.gov)
  • The day-neutral lines are now available for use in cotton breeding programs for trait improvement and to expand genetic variability. (usda.gov)
  • There were also Molecular genetic passports of cotton varieties grown in Uzbekistan created. (wikipedia.org)
  • To enhance understanding of the genetic basis of cotton earliness, we constructed an intra-specific recombinant inbred line population (RIL) containing 137 lines, and performed linkage map construction and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We developed an SNP-based genetic map, and this map is the first high-density genetic map for short-season cotton and has the potential to provide deeper insights into earliness. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting forage quality traits enables an understanding of the genetic mechanism of these loci. (geneticsmr.com)
  • There is an immediate need for a high-density genetic map of cotton anchored with fiber genes to facilitate marker-assisted selection (MAS) for improved fiber traits. (scite.ai)
  • The chromosomal locations of 36 microsatellites were associated with 14 chromosomes and/or 13 chromosome arms of the cotton genome by hypoaneuploid deficiency analysis, enabling us to assign genetic linkage groups (LG) to specific chromosomes. (scite.ai)
  • The resulting genetic map consists of 193 loci, including 121 new fiber loci not previously mapped. (scite.ai)
  • These new PCR-based microsatellite markers derived from cotton fiber ESTs will facilitate the development of a high-resolution integrated genetic map of cotton for structural and functional study of fiber genes and MAS of genes that enhance fiber quality. (scite.ai)
  • 1996. Evaluation of Genetic Variances, Heritabilitas and Correlation for Yield and Fiber Traits Among Co-tton F2 Hy-brid Population. (unitri.ac.id)
  • Here you can find genetic and genomic resources related to this important cotton species. (cottongen.org)
  • Identification of cotton genotypes and developing cultivars with improved A. gossypii resistance (AGR) is essential and desirable for sustainable agriculture. (bvsalud.org)
  • This research aims to recommend cotton genotypes for the Brazilian Cerrado based on fiber yield and fiber quality traits. (embrapa.br)
  • For each trait, a modified Lin and Binns method was used to recommend the best genotypes for all environments (favorable and unfavorable). (embrapa.br)
  • In this regard, 289 diverse cotton genotypes developed in different cotton growing countries were subjected to charcaterise for ginning outturn (GOT) percentage and fiber qaulity triats. (scientexconference.com)
  • Of these 63 QTL, 11 were associated with fiber elongation, 16 for fiber length, 9 for fiber micronaire reading, 10 for fiber strength, and 17 for fiber length uniformity. (isaaa.org)
  • Thus, combining molecular tools and conventional breeding methods is necessary to develop cotton cultivars with better quality. (isaaa.org)
  • Additionally, we discuss management options for minimizing heat stress-induced damage, and the benefits of integrating conventional and genomics-assisted breeding for developing heat-tolerant cotton cultivars. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The breeding of this crop is performed to obtain cultivars with high ethanol yield, which necessarily requires associating favorable phenotypes for multiple traits. (geneticsmr.com)
  • A total of 247 QTLs for six earliness-related traits were detected in 6 consecutive years. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, 55 QTL coincidence regions representing more than 60 % of total QTLs were found on 22 chromosomes, which indicated that several earliness-related traits might be simultaneously improved. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cotton earliness-related QTLs and QTL coincidence regions will provide useful materials for QTL fine mapping, gene positional cloning and MAS. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Grain shape and weight are the most important components of rice yield and are controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTLs). (geneticsmr.com)
  • In humid atmosphere cotton fabric can absorb 27% of water without getting damp. (royal-angora.com)
  • 3. Cotton fabric has very good breathable characteristics, it is hypoallergenic, agreeable to touch, it is suits perfectly for people with skin hypersensibility. (royal-angora.com)
  • Сotton fabric is often used with WR (water resistance), OP (oil proof), flame retardant (FR) finishes, XM Textiles also provides cotton fabric with antistatic fibers. (royal-angora.com)
  • Creative Cuts 3 Fat Quarter Brown and Pink Flowers 100% Cotton Sewing Fabric NIP added to cart. (bonanza.com)
  • Espadrilles is a type of footwear that is made of natural fiber yarn akin to cotton, animal skins, wicker or canvas with esparto, fique or hemp soles, or a combination of jute and caranday (in Argentina), esparto (in Spain and other nations), which is secured by simple adjustment, a bit of elastic sewn to the fabric or with ribbons. (cheap-juicycouture.com)
  • With the organic yarns, there will be small striations of the natural fibers within the fabric. (allusaclothing.com)
  • This is an inherent trait of the fabric. (allusaclothing.com)
  • The innovative aspect of SolarCap technology is that it is a self-powering ribbon which can be weaved along with cotton fibers to make a fabric. (sbir.gov)
  • A filament is a continuous and slender fiber that is usually bounded in a spool and used to wove fabric. (440industries.com)
  • The fabric substance that is the base in all vegetable fibers. (440industries.com)
  • Understanding different aspects of a textile can be confusing.With a wide range of fibers, weaves, and other aspects of a textile, the formation of fabric is complicated. (440industries.com)
  • Found in woven textiles, grain is the weaving pattern of the warp and weft fibers in a fabric. (440industries.com)
  • The company's main services include the identification and validation of genes that can enhance the traits of various crops, such as disease resistance in soybeans, increased sweetness in tomatoes, and potential pest resistance and fiber length in cotton. (cbinsights.com)
  • DGT cotton would provide three in-plant herbicide tolerances for the Cotton Belt with more modes of action to manage through glyphosate resistance especially in difficult to control weeds including palmer amaranth. (farmprogress.com)
  • Cotton is a synthetic product known for its resistance to deterioration and high tensile strength, creating Ethibond well suited for long-term hurt support. (love4allnations.org)
  • Over time, people have altered all of our crops through selection and plant breeding for taste, yield, disease resistance or other desirable traits. (ilfb.org)
  • B1B1) produces cotton with good fibre strength and fineness coupled with resistance to pest and diseases. (cottongen.org)
  • Cotton is one of the most economically important crops worldwide because it is the basic raw material in the textile industry and it also used in oil and livestock feed production. (isaaa.org)
  • Cotton is one of the most important cash crops, its growth season coincides with a high incidence of diverse groups of pests, leading to heavy use of pesticides. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To alleviate food crises, a large amount of farmland previously used for cotton planting is now devoted to food crops, especially in China. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To exploit these limited natural resources via breeding programs and manage the competition between cereal crops and cotton through crop rotation, cotton earliness is attracting an increasing amount of attention from breeders [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cotton is one of the most important natural fiber crops in the world. (geneticsmr.com)
  • The effects of nitrogen and boron and the interaction of nitrogen and boron on the quantitative traits of cotton, namely the mean number of bolls per plant, average boll weight, fiber yield, and fiber gin out, with the qualitative traits including fiber length and strength. (magiran.com)
  • Plant height (PH) and fruit branch number (FBN) are important traits for improving yield and mechanical harvesting of cotton. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Significant heteroses were observed in most selected traits, except for the number of seeds per plant. (geneticsmr.com)
  • This paper uses several different plant population studies conducted with different varieties and environments to provide a summary of how plant population can impact cotton yields. (cottoninc.com)
  • number of bolls per plant, boll weight, number of seeds per boll, upper half mean length and fibre strength had a high magnitude of positive correlation with seed cotton yield at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. (arccjournals.com)
  • Path analysis represented the direct effects of upper half mean length, uniformity index, number of bolls per plant, number of seeds per boll and fibre strength on seed cotton yield. (arccjournals.com)
  • It is made from fibers extracted from the flax plant. (sweatshieldundershirt.com)
  • Fiber art survives in this region from approximately 10,000 B.C. Plant fiber basketry from the Lithic Period (10,000 - 3000 B.C.) was found in the North Highlands of Peru in Guitarrero Cave. (rugrabbit.com)
  • Because pathogen colonies also restrict carbohydrate flow within the xylem plant tissue, it can reduce yields as well as fiber quality. (cottonfarming.com)
  • Hence, thorough knowledge of association among various component traits with seed cotton yield is necessary. (arccjournals.com)
  • abstract = "Cotton fibers are single-celled seed trichomes of major economic importance. (edu.sa)
  • Cotton fiber quality, yield and stress tolerance needs improvement. (usda.gov)
  • Also, identifying mechanisms and target traits that induce greater high day and night temperature tolerance is essential for breeding climate-resilient cotton for future uncertain climates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Monsanto in its strategic breeding and trait breeding is looking at a number of ways to enhance the root knot nematode tolerance in cotton varieties," Albers said. (farmprogress.com)
  • Topping the list of recommended management practices is planting cotton varieties with wilt tolerance. (cottonfarming.com)
  • Unlike some other disease traits governed by a single gene, wilt tolerance likely involves multiple genes. (cottonfarming.com)
  • 2018 ). In Arizona's low desert, cotton seed yields are projected to reduce by 40% and 51% by mid- (2036 to 2065) and late-century (2066 to 2095), respectively, compared with the baseline (1980-2005) (Ayankojo et al. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In 2018 data was collected on 19 BC1F4 progeniesfor fibre quality traits i. e. (org.in)
  • The Wulf Micro captures all of the most important traits for a pocket device to have. (gotvape.com)
  • The result of these studies was the development of gene-knockout technology for obtaining high-quality, long-staple, high-yielding and early-ripening cotton varieties with a developed root system. (wikipedia.org)
  • Under the direct supervision of Abdurakhmonov, for the first time in the world, using the "non-equilibrium linkage" method, markers were identified that are used to breed elite varieties of cotton. (wikipedia.org)
  • With the help of this gene-knockout technology, high-quality, long-staple, high-yielding and early-ripening cotton varieties with a developed root system were obtained. (wikipedia.org)
  • The aphid infection could induce their expression and showed a significant difference between resistant and susceptible cotton varieties. (bvsalud.org)
  • Thus, the primary cotton breeding objective relies on the development of high-yielding varieties with improved fibre quality. (arccjournals.com)
  • 2020 ). The projected rate of decline in cotton seed yield with increasing temperature provides a compelling rationale for exploring key traits and mechanisms that will help breed heat stress resilient cotton for the future. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Integration of DNA markers for selecting the desirable cotton plants producing the high quality fiber can accrelelate the breeding progress. (scientexconference.com)
  • A new monogenic recessive liy ligon-lintless fiber mutant: a tool for understanding the genetics and physiology of cotton fiber development. (cotton.org)
  • Winner of the 2010 TWAS and ICAC awards for outstanding contributions to cotton genomics and biotechnology. (wikipedia.org)
  • From 2002 to 2008, in collaboration with American scientists, he was engaged in research on cotton genomics. (wikipedia.org)
  • Within-sample maturity variation is estimated as 'immature fiber content (IFC)' that is the percentage of fibers within a sample composed of a cell wall thickness of less than a certain maturity threshold. (usda.gov)
  • Highest seedcotton yield (5233 kg ha-1), fiber yield (2080 kg ha-1), fiber percentage (40%), fiber length (31.3 mm), and fiber strength (29.7 g / textile) belong to 200 kg N per hectare and twice spraying of boron. (magiran.com)
  • Through conventional breeding , scientists have improved various traits of the crop, especially in increasing its yield and improving its quality. (isaaa.org)
  • However, cotton, as the most important natural fiber crop, is not tolerant to herbicides in China, and the EPSPS and BAR family genes have not yet been characterized in cotton. (bvsalud.org)
  • Guides for production, pest management and budgeting, as well as cotton variety trial data, are a few of the resources included on this site for growers and crop advisors managing cotton in Missouri. (cottoninc.com)
  • Nineteen cotton cultivar variety trials were performed in the 2013?2014 and 2014?2015 crop seasons. (embrapa.br)
  • Let's be honest, for most of us, the topic of synthetic fiber science seems both hard to get excited about and impossible to comprehend. (carryology.com)
  • In its most simple form, Dyneema is simply just a tiny synthetic fiber. (carryology.com)
  • Unlike natural fibers that you might find in nature, like wool or cotton, synthetic fibers are found in the lab. (carryology.com)
  • In the manufacturing of synthetic fibers, liquid polymer solution is forced through a small metal nozzle with an app. (440industries.com)
  • By the Decree of the President of 7 July 2022, Ibrokhim Abdurakhmonov was appointed Chairman of the Cotton Council. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cotton is exceptionally well-suited to meet the growing demands of our global population as a valuable source of fiber generating income and sustaining over 100 million households (Fairtrade Foundation 2022 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • India is the leading producer of cotton in the world, followed by China and the United States (USDA-ERS 2022 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The study was conducted at Department of Cotton, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, in 2021-2022. (arccjournals.com)
  • India ranks first in acreage occupying 37% of the world area under cotton cultivation and the largest producer accounting for 22% of world cotton production (Cotton Corporation of India, 2022) . (arccjournals.com)
  • Overall, we characterized the EPSPS and BAR gene families of cotton at the genome-wide level, which will provide a basis for further studying the functions of EPSPS and BAR genes during growth and development and herbicide stress. (bvsalud.org)
  • These fiber loci were mapped to 19 chromosomes and 11 LG spanning 1277 cM, providing approximately 27% genome coverage. (scite.ai)
  • In a field experiment, the effects from application of nitrogen and boron on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Varamin cotton variety have been studied at Tehran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center in 2016. (magiran.com)
  • It is the most produced and utilized natural fiber world-wide, with an annual economic impact valued at approximately $600 billion (Khan et al. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cotton is mainly grown for its natural fiber and edible oil. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The gathering is stuffed with vibrant colors and natural fibers like cotton and linen, good for summer time season. (ralphlaurenjeans.us)
  • Free, breathable pieces made using natural fabrics like linen, cotton, and even silk allow the skin to get rid of the sweat instead of trapping it in. (sweatshieldundershirt.com)
  • This natural fiber is one of the most naturally breathable fabrics in the world. (sweatshieldundershirt.com)
  • Preliminary quantitative trait loci analysis suggested that chromosomes 2, 3, 15, and 18 may harbor genes for traits related to fiber quality. (scite.ai)
  • Despite ongoing efforts to gather data on the effects of heat stress on cotton growth and development, there remains a critical gap in understanding the distinct influence of high temperatures during the day and night on cotton yield and quality. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We are ready to continue to improve yield and quality for growers across the Cotton Belt," Albers said. (farmprogress.com)
  • To bridge these knowledge gaps, we embarked on a rigorous and comprehensive review of published literature, delving into the impact of heat stress on cotton yields and the consequential losses in fiber quality. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Many cotton-growing regions, including the US, are likely to experience warming above the global average, causing a potential decline in cotton yields by up to 40% by 2100 (Schlenker and Roberts 2009 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Historical analysis indicates that heat stress in the southwest US reduced cotton yields by 26% (Elias et al. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Temperature plays a vital role in the growth of cotton, with a critical threshold of 32 °C beyond which yields are adversely impacted (Schlenker and Roberts 2009 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cottonseed companies have a technology-filled pipeline with improved lint yields and fiber quality, plus better insect and weed control.With the loss of the Temik insecticide, Bayer CropScience and Monsanto have technology in the pipeline to target the root knot nematode.Bayer is investigating conventional breeding and transgenic routes to improve water use efficiency, says Kenny Melton. (farmprogress.com)
  • Cottonseed companies have a technology-filled pipeline aimed to meet the increased interest with improved lint yields and fiber quality, plus better insect and weed control. (farmprogress.com)
  • In fields with high inoculum levels, she found that bumping up seeding rates may actually pay with improved yields and fiber quality. (cottonfarming.com)
  • There is a correlation between the qualitative properties of the fibers and nitrogen, whose regression relation follows the quadratic equation. (magiran.com)
  • Thus, the aim of the study was framed to know about the correlation along with cause-and-effect relationship among the economic traits. (arccjournals.com)
  • The result of correlation revealed that the traits viz . (arccjournals.com)
  • Practically, the simple correlation will not exhibit the cause-and-effect inter-relationship of economic traits for effective selection. (arccjournals.com)
  • Therefore, we concluded that SNPs can be used as canidate markers for fiber traits which will ultimately assist in marker-aided selection. (scientexconference.com)
  • Textile industry monitors maturity variations within cotton materials to produce good and consistent quality of yarns and fabrics. (usda.gov)
  • Thus, textile industry and cotton breeders broadly use Advanced Fiber Information System (AFIS) for measuring maturity distribution and IFC indirectly but efficiently. (usda.gov)
  • The comparisons showed that AFIS is a suitable instrument for monitoring maturity distributions and IFC values for routine textile processing of commercial cotton materials composed of intermediate mature and mature fibers, but not for cotton materials composed of severely immature or overly mature fibers that are frequently used by cotton breeders and geneticists. (usda.gov)
  • Reducing maturity variations within cotton materials is important in the textile industry for improving a quality of end-products. (usda.gov)
  • The fiber obtained from cotton is the indispensable raw material for the textile industries. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Due to many features, сotton even though it was discovered later than other fibers gained a superior position and stimulated immense development of textile industry. (royal-angora.com)
  • It is the grain that falls in between the warp and weft fibers in a textile . (440industries.com)
  • Final cotton quality is of great importance, and it depends on intrinsic and extrinsic fiber characteristics. (geneticsmr.com)
  • A common representational convention was to combine in a single woven image various identifying or iconic traits of different power animals with human characteristics. (rugrabbit.com)
  • This produces fibers with a silk like hand that's opaque, has soil handling capacity, good wicking ability, and crimp . (440industries.com)
  • Alpaca fur is a specialty fiber that has been described as stronger than mohair, finer than cashmere, smoother than silk, softer than cotton, warmer than goose down, and better-breathing than thermal knits. (purelyalpaca.com)
  • Alpaca fiber is much like sheep's wool, but warmer and not itchy. (purelyalpaca.com)
  • Like wool, alpaca fiber is water-resistant, but it also can wick away moisture because of its unique ability to mimic cotton in moisture regain. (purelyalpaca.com)
  • These attributes are what make alpaca feel lighter than wool but warmer than cotton in cool and damp climates. (purelyalpaca.com)
  • Alpaca fiber comes in 22 colors and hundreds of shades, from white to light rose gray to dark fawn, in addition to the blends that can be made from those, thus minimizing the need for pollution-intensive dying. (purelyalpaca.com)
  • Both Camilid fibers (Alpaca,Llama and Vicuna) and cotton were utilized. (rugrabbit.com)
  • Other Monsanto technology in the pipeline includes cotton breeding to target the root knot nematode (RKN). (farmprogress.com)
  • Nep (count/g), SCn (count/g), L (w) mm, L (n) mm and SFC (n) using Advanced Fibre Information Sysem (AFIS) with the objective of selecting lines with least negatively related traits values for further use in cotton breeding. (org.in)
  • Bourland, F.M. (2015) - Breeding for Improved Cotton Fibre Quality - Cotton Statistics and News. (org.in)
  • Culp, T. W. and Harrell, D. C. (1974) - Breeding quality cotton at the Pee Dee Experiment Station Florence, SC, USDA-ARS Publ. (org.in)
  • Kelly, C. M., Hequet E. F. and Dever J. K. (2012) - Interpretation of AFIS and HVI fiber property measurements in breeding for cotton fiber quality improvement - J. Cotton Science,16:1â€"16 ( http://journal.cotton.org) . (org.in)