Maintain telomereAccess of telomeraseLocalization to telomeresMediates telomerase recruitmentOxidative stressShelterinPolypyrimidineMutationsChromosomeProteinShortening and DNA damageInduceRegulatesGastrointestinalPot1ChromosomesPathwaysEnzymeRegulatorGeneDiseasesMaintenanceInteractionUpperTimeTreatment
Maintain telomere2
- This protein is one of six core proteins in the telosome/shelterin telomeric complex, which functions to maintain telomere length and to protect telomere ends. (wikipedia.org)
- Mutations in shelterin components cause Dyskeratosis Congenita (DC) and related disease syndromes due to the inability to maintain telomere homeostasis. (prolekarniky.cz)
Access of telomerase2
- Through its interaction with other components, this protein plays a key role in the assembly and stabilization of this complex, and it mediates the access of telomerase to the telomere. (wikipedia.org)
- Increasing evidence suggests that the shelterin complex also regulates access of telomerase to telomeres and hence telomerase action on them. (prolekarniky.cz)
Localization to telomeres1
- The telomerase recruitment defect conferred by TIN2-R282H is likely through a mechanism independent of TIN2's role in anchoring TPP1 at telomeres, since TPP1 localization to telomeres is unaffected by the mutation. (prolekarniky.cz)
Mediates telomerase recruitment1
- The only shelterin subunit known to promote telomerase function is TPP1, which mediates telomerase recruitment to telomeres and stimulates telomerase processivity. (prolekarniky.cz)
Oxidative stress4
- [ 18 ] Loss of DKC1 has been reported to induce oxidative stress independent of telomere shortening. (medscape.com)
- Cell senescence can be a result of the exposure to stress such as oxidative stress, epigenomic damage or DNA damage, or it can be due to telomere shortening is also known as end replication problem. (ijpsr.com)
- Cells undergo cellular senescence to avoid the formation of cancer or other diseases related to a mutation in the cell due to any kind of stressors such as oxidative stress, telomere damage or epigenomic damage. (ijpsr.com)
- When external stressors such as telomere damage, oxidative stress (RAS activity) or epigenetic stress has been encountered by the cells, it activates ATM/ARF and p19ARF which in turn activates p53 pathway 6 . (ijpsr.com)
Shelterin8
- This gene, which is also referred to as TPP1, is distinct from the unrelated TPP1 gene on chromosome 11, which encodes tripeptidyl-peptidase I. TPP1 is a component of the telomere-specific shelterin complex, which facilitates the replication of the double-stranded telomeric DNA tracts and protects the telomeric end from unregulated DNA repair activities. (wikipedia.org)
- Another gene implicated in DKC, TINF2 , encodes a key component of the protein shelterin, which plays a role in telomere homeostasis. (medscape.com)
- Telomeres are repetitive DNA sequence of TTAGGG that, together with the protein shelterin complex, provide a protective cap at the end of our chromosomes [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- The shelterin complex protects telomeres from being processed by the DNA damage repair machinery, and also regulates telomerase access and activity at telomeres. (prolekarniky.cz)
- In this study, we have identified TIN2-R282H, the most common DC-causing mutation in shelterin subunit TIN2, as a separation-of-function mutant which impairs telomerase recruitment to telomeres, but not chromosome end protection. (prolekarniky.cz)
- The multi-subunit shelterin complexes bind along mammalian telomeres, shielding the natural chromosome ends from engaging the DNA damage signaling and repair machinery [ 1 ]. (prolekarniky.cz)
- Among the shelterin components, TRF1 and TRF2 bind directly to duplex telomeric repeats [ 2 ], while POT1 binds to the single-stranded regions of telomeres [ 3 ]. (prolekarniky.cz)
- Depletion of TIN2 causes profound telomere deprotection phenotypes including destabilization of the shelterin complex, activation of telomeric DNA damage signaling, and increased apoptosis [ 9 , 11 - 14 ]. (prolekarniky.cz)
Polypyrimidine1
- It binds the 3′ AG splice acceptor dinucleotide of the pre-mRNA target intron, and forms a heterodimer with U2AF2 , which binds the adjacent polypyrimidine tract. (massgenomics.org)
Mutations1
- Notably, mutations in the TPP1 OB-fold domain compromise telomerase-dependent telomere extension but not telomere end protection [ 18 , 21 ], indicating that TPP1 performs a role in telomerase regulation which is distinct from its contribution to chromosome end protection. (prolekarniky.cz)
Chromosome1
- TPP1 has also been demonstrated as the only pathway required for recruitment of telomerase to chromosome ends, and it also defines telomere length homeostasis in hESCs. (wikipedia.org)
Protein2
- This gene encodes a protein that is involved in telomere function. (wikipedia.org)
- showed that the balance of ubiquitination and deubiquitination, that play different roles in regulating protein stability and cellular homeostasis, is another inducer of cellular senescence. (topazium.com)
Shortening and DNA damage2
- It is known that cellular senescence is triggered by different factors, including, among others, telomere shortening and DNA damage. (topazium.com)
- Importantly, this is accompanied by telomere shortening and DNA damage responses with ageing and a telomerase-dependent decrease in expression of autophagy and immune activation markers. (biomedcentral.com)
Induce1
- Intriguingly, an N-terminally truncated form of TIN2 lacking the TPP1 interaction domain can still induce significant telomerase-dependent telomere extension [ 8 , 22 ], suggestive of a TPP1-independent role for TIN2 in telomerase regulation. (prolekarniky.cz)
Regulates2
- Significance: 1,25(OH)2D3 up-regulates the insulin signaling for maintenance of glucose homeostasis in diabetes. (vitamindwiki.com)
- Studies show that Tributyrin regulates tight junctions to bolster intestinal barrier function.Tributyrin may improve immune function, increase mucus production in the GI tract, and accelerate gastrointestinal wound healing. (buypeptidesonlineusa.com)
Gastrointestinal1
- BPC 157, KPV, PEA, and tributyrin are all compounds with important functions in the gastrointestinal tract. (buypeptidesonlineusa.com)
Pot12
- Although TPP1 was originally described as a bridging factor between TRF1 and TRF2, which participate in a pathway with POT1 as a negative regulator of telomerase-dependent telomere length control, more recent studies suggest that TPP1 could directly promotes telomerase activity at the telomere. (wikipedia.org)
- Depletion of TPP1 or POT1 results in the deregulation of the single-stranded telomeric terminal overhang and the induction of a DNA damage response at telomeres [ 5 - 7 ]. (prolekarniky.cz)
Chromosomes1
- all genes associated with this syndrome (ie, DKC1 , TERT, TERC, NOP10 ) encode proteins in the telomerase complex responsible for maintaining telomeres at the ends of chromosomes regarding shortening length, protection, and replication. (medscape.com)
Pathways2
- Implicated pathways include NRF2 and vitamin A homeostasis. (cdc.gov)
- Freiburgers mentioned the download advanced mass spectrometry for food safety and quality volume cell over analgesic tract pathways alone, and also the Tuition is ResearchGate snRNP. (evakoch.com)
Enzyme1
- Telomerase, the enzyme capable of elongating telomeres, is usually restricted in human somatic cells, which contributes to progressive telomere shortening with cell-division and ageing. (biomedcentral.com)
Regulator1
- Depletion of TIN2, which associates with TPP1, leads to reduced levels of TPP1-mediated telomerase association to telomeres [ 19 ], although this result might simply reflect an indirect function for TIN2 as a regulator of telomerase recruitment through anchoring TPP1 at telomeres. (prolekarniky.cz)
Gene2
- In addition, a mutation in the DKC1 gene is also found on exon 15, revealing a duplication, which adds a lysine residue on a polylysine tract on the C-terminus. (medscape.com)
- A heterozygous mutation was found on the conserved telomere maintenance component 1 gene ( CTC1 ). (medscape.com)
Diseases1
- Clinically diagnosed by the mucocutaneous abnormalities, DC patients are prone to developing bone marrow failure, multiple types of cancers and a spectrum of diseases collectively characterized as "telomere syndromes" [ 24 ]. (prolekarniky.cz)
Maintenance1
- Dyskerin is composed of 514 amino acids and has a role in ribosomal RNA processing and telomere maintenance. (medscape.com)
Interaction1
- This interaction is crucial for recruiting telomerase to telomeres, as assessed by co-localization of telomerase RNA to telomeres through in situ hybridization analysis [ 19 ]. (prolekarniky.cz)
Upper1
- 3 However, patients treated with biologic agents are prone to relapse, and adverse events, such as nasopharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infection and tuberculosis may occur. (nature.com)
Time1
- Telomerase expression is also a hallmark of tissue stem cells, but its expression in these cells is still insufficient to completely prevent telomere shortening over time [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Treatment2
- Likewise, the same treatment failed to alter calcium homeostasis. (vitamindwiki.com)
- Episodes of urge incontinence were reduced in the combined group, and this group was significantly less likely to need additional treatment for lower urinary tract symptoms (8.5% vs. 15.7% OR 0.47 95% CI 0.26-0.85). (menopause.org.au)