• 1782 rectal specimens confirmed as C trachomatis positive using a standard laboratory method, were forwarded to the Sexually Transmitted Bacteria Reference Laboratory (STBRL). (bmj.com)
  • In order to ascertain the reproducibility of laboratory methods for the detection of C trachomatis in rectal sites, we examined the correlation between real time PCR results obtained at the reference laboratory, the Sexually Transmitted Bacteria Reference Laboratory (STBRL), and the methods used to determine the positive C trachomatis status of the specimen at the referring centre. (bmj.com)
  • Trachoma is an infection of the eye caused by bacteria called chlamydia. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Trachoma is caused by infection with the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis . (medlineplus.gov)
  • Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacteria responsible for pulmonary infections, ocular trachoma, sexually transmitted diseases, and infections of the genital tract in the pediatric and adult population. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • 15) Which of the following bacteria is responsible for the infection 'psittacosis' that is transmitted from the parrots to humans? (medicalbiochemist.com)
  • To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of ERY-TAB ® and other antibacterial drugs, ERY-TAB ® should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria. (nih.gov)
  • This colored scanning electron micrograph shows a chlamydia infection, with Chlamydia trachomatis bacteria in yellow. (nationalgeographic.com)
  • Chlamydia are bacteria that cause disease in humans, including sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and infections of the eyes and respiratory tract. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Chlamydia and Other Nongonococcal Infections Chlamydial infections include sexually transmitted infections of the urethra, cervix, and rectum that are caused by the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis . (msdmanuals.com)
  • This infection may be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis bacteria, it occurs at high rates in sexually active teenagers . (healthychildren.org)
  • in endemic countries, however some patients - those without entropion (inward turning of the eyelid) and Trachoma, a highly contagious infection caused by the having just a few eyelashes in the periphery - can be bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis , is the most common managed with epilation (pulling out the eyelashes) ( 7-9 ). (who.int)
  • Batteiger BE, Tan M. Chlamydia trachomatis (trachoma and urogenital infections). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Materials and methods: We have examined 1324 men from infertile couples to determine Chlamydia trachomatis presence in urogenital tract using direct immuno-fluorescence, direct ELISA or PCR methods. (amedi.sk)
  • A total of 402 women who referred for routine pap smears to randomly selected health centers in Shiraz were tested with the IMAGEN Chlamydia test, a direct immunofluorescence test for the detection of Chlamydia in human urogenital specimens. (ijfs.ir)
  • According to the guidelines for obstetrical practice in Japan [ 7 ], Japanese obstetricians must provide a test for the detection of CT for the prevention of neonatal CT infection and diagnose urogenital CT infection when CT is detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), strand displacement amplification, transcription mediated amplification, an enzyme immunoassay, or culture methods in specimens obtained from the uterine cervix (CT nucleic acid detection tests). (jocmr.org)
  • An aseptic, inflammatory arthritis developing secondary to a primary extra-articular infection, most typically of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or UROGENITAL SYSTEM. (bvsalud.org)
  • 8) What is the most sensitive laboratory diagnostic tests for Chlamydia pneumoniae ? (medicalbiochemist.com)
  • The SPEIA test identified 41 (33.6%) of those as positive for C. trachomatis and 81 (66.4%) positive for C. pneumoniae . (karger.com)
  • By using the SPEIA test, it is possible to distinguish between C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae seropositivity. (karger.com)
  • Chlamydia pneumoniae and, in recent studies, Chlamydia trachomatis , may not only induce asthma exacerbations but may also be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic asthma. (medscape.com)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae , Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis are often involved in respiratory infections associated with wheezing, but there is no evidence for their active role in asthma pathogenesis or exacerbation. (medscape.com)
  • We assessed the accuracy of intravaginal swabs transported by mail in a wet versus a dry state for PCR (Amplicor CT/NG test) detection of chlamydia and gonorrhea infections in a cross-sectional study of 793 active-duty military women attending an STD clinic. (usuhs.edu)
  • PCR testing of wet and dry transported intravaginal swabs to detect chlamydia and gonorrhea infections was an accurate diagnostic method for military women. (usuhs.edu)
  • Because gonorrhea and chlamydia are reportable to the state health departments in the United States,[11] confirmatory diagnostic testing is recommended. (medscape.com)
  • Nucleic acid amplification testing of a first-catch urine specimen is the most sensitive test (in a male) for gonorrhea or chlamydia. (medscape.com)
  • Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are skyrocketing in the United States, according to the latest data, as gonorrhea, syphilis, and congenital syphilis soared above pre-pandemic levels in 2021. (nationalgeographic.com)
  • Thirty-one percent of all cases of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis were among Black people, even though they make up only 12 percent of the U.S. population. (nationalgeographic.com)
  • If a chlamydial infection is diagnosed in a sexually active teenager, he should be tested for other STIs, including syphilis, HIV, gonorrhea , and hepatitis B . Gonorrhea and chlamydial infection often occur together. (healthychildren.org)
  • Ocular immune responses, chlamydia trachomatis infection and clinical signs of trachoma before and after azithromycin mass drug administration in a treatment naïve trachoma-endemic Tanzanian community. (medlineplus.gov)
  • C. trachomatis is responsible for neonatal conjunctivitis, trachoma, pneumonia in young infants, genital tract infection, and LGV. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Main outcome measures: Prevalence of clinical signs of trachoma, Chlamydia trachomatis infection, ocular non-chlamydial infections, and seropositivity for antibodies to the C. trachomatis Pgp3 protein. (nintione.com.au)
  • Trachoma is a neglected tropical eye disease that mainly affects children, with infection less common with increasing age. (who.int)
  • The Gambia's success in eliminating trachoma is largely attributed to strong collaboration with partner organizations to implement the WHO-developed SAFE strategy, which entails surgery for trichiasis (in-turned eyelashes), antibiotics to clear infection, and facial cleanliness and environmental improvement (particularly increased access to water and sanitation) to decrease transmission. (who.int)
  • Trachoma is a devastating eye disease caused by infection with the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis . (who.int)
  • Trachoma Trachoma is a prolonged infection of the conjunctiva caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis . (msdmanuals.com)
  • Trachoma is a prolonged infection of the conjunctiva (the thin membrane lining the surface of the eye and inside of the lids) and is the leading preventable cause of blindness in the world, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Sexually transmitted infections may be present without symptoms or with symptoms that are mild and transient, but they may have severe long-term consequences such as infertility, ectopic pregnancy, chronic illness and premature death. (who.int)
  • In many developing countries, little is known about the prevalence of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections and complications, such as infertility, thus preventing any policy from being formulated regarding screening for C. trachomatis of patients at risk for infertility. (aku.edu)
  • The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of C. trachomatis and evaluate the diagnostic utility of serological markers namely anti-C. trachomatis IgG and IgA antibodies in women attending an infertility clinic. (aku.edu)
  • Among sexually transmitted diseases, Chlamydia trachomatis infection is considered to play a prominent role in female infertility. (amedi.sk)
  • The impact of chlamydial infection on male infertility is still unknown and obtained results are controversial. (amedi.sk)
  • In 215 (19.5 %) of them chlamydial infection was identified as a single cause of infertility. (amedi.sk)
  • Therefore, detection of Chlamydia trachomatis infection should be included as a routine procedure in male infertility work-up. (amedi.sk)
  • One of the significant, long term implications of risky sexual behaviours and sexually transmitted infection is infertility problems. (upm.edu.my)
  • The objectives of this study are to determine the seroprevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) among subfertile couples (husband and wife) of The Lembaga Penduduk dan Pembangunan Keluarga Negara (LPPKN) Subfertility Clinic and the factors associated with it (i.e. socio-demographic, duration of marriage, infertility factor, knowledge, attitude, practice of risky sexual behaviour (RSB) and predictors of Chlamydia trachomatis infection). (upm.edu.my)
  • Sexually transmitted infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis may lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, infertility, and chronic pelvic pain in women. (cdc.gov)
  • To find out the association of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection with female infertility. (openmicrobiologyjournal.com)
  • Persistent C. trachomatis infection must be recognized as a risk factor of infertility in this region of India. (openmicrobiologyjournal.com)
  • These infections are often asymptomatic and are a major cause for infertility. (pasteur.fr)
  • If the infection is not treated, serious complications can develop, including pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) which is an infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes, or ovaries in girls and women that can lead to chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and ectopic pregnancies (pregnancy outside the uterus). (healthychildren.org)
  • Untreated infection may lead to reproductive complications due to tubal damage. (ufrgs.br)
  • Antibiotics can prevent long-term complications if used early in the infection. (medlineplus.gov)
  • 16) Which of the following syndrome is most commonly associated with complications of pelvic inflammatory disease caused by Chlamydia trachomatis ? (medicalbiochemist.com)
  • Pregnant women may transmit infection to their newborn causing serious medical complications. (cdc.gov)
  • Although the course of infection is often asymptomatic, CT may cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), leading to severe complications, such as prolonged time to pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, and tubal factor subfertility. (itg.be)
  • The risk of and risk factors for complications following CT-infection have not been assessed in a long-term prospective cohort study, the preferred design to define infections and complications adequately. (itg.be)
  • METHODS: In the Netherlands Chlamydia Cohort Study (NECCST), a cohort of women of reproductive age with and without a history of CT-infection is followed over a minimum of ten years to investigate (CT-related) reproductive tract complications. (itg.be)
  • Occurrence of these late complications and prolonged time to pregnancy, as a proxy for reduced fertility due to a previous CT-infection, or other risk factors, will be investigated using longitudinal statistical procedures. (itg.be)
  • DISCUSSION: In the proposed study, the occurrence of late complications following CT-infection and its risk factors will be assessed. (itg.be)
  • Prompt treatment should resolve a chlamydial infection and prevent complications. (healthychildren.org)
  • A publication in eLife from researchers of the Institut Pasteur, CNRS, University of Lille and Indiana University (USA) explains the mechanisms by which the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis hijacks nutrients of its host to its own benefit. (pasteur.fr)
  • Bhatt A. Ocular infections. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Ocular prophylaxis at birth does not reliably prevent C. trachomatis conjunctivitis or extraocular infection, even if erythromycin ointment is used. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Conclusions: Despite the prevalence of clinical signs consistent with trachomatous inflammation-follicular among 5-9-year-old children exceeding the 5% threshold for community-wide treatment, laboratory testing indicated that childhood exposure to ocular C. trachomatis is rare in this community. (nintione.com.au)
  • The high rate of concordant infection, high frequency of infection among asymptomatic individuals, and high frequency of transmission regardless of sex underscore the importance of routine screening for chlamydia in both males and females, along with provision of treatment to all sexual partners of chlamydia- infected individuals. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Chlamydial infections are often not diagnosed because they are usually asymptomatic or have few signs of infection. (bmj.com)
  • A retrospective study was conducted using Luminex technology, on cervical swabs from asymptomatic immunocompetent women, including 921 attending the prevention centre for Cervical Cancer Program and 6214 who had been referred to the Sexually Transmitted Infections Center, with clinical indications of HPV and CT infections, respectively. (unife.it)
  • Screening women for sexually transmitted diseases (STD) in nonclinic settings is highly desirable because many infections are asymptomatic. (usuhs.edu)
  • In addition, these recommendations propose a national strategy for reducing the morbidity of chlamydial infections by detection and treatment and through the prevention of transmission to uninfected persons. (cdc.gov)
  • To determine whether genital C. trachomatis biovar L infections occur in women living in South Africa, we analyzed 82 DNA samples extracted from vaginal swab specimens that were positive by a molecular detection assay for C. trachomatis infection at the Department of Medical Microbiology at the University of Pretoria. (cdc.gov)
  • A correlation between real time PCR results obtained at the reference centre (STBRL), and the method of C trachomatis detection used in the primary laboratory was undertaken. (bmj.com)
  • This approach is selected to detect past and current infections of Chlamydia trachomatis through antibody and antigen detection in the blood serum, endocervical swab and urine samples. (upm.edu.my)
  • Even though the results have shown no association between the dependent and independent variables, our finding has given an evidence-based detection of past infection of Chlamydia trachomatis among subfertile couples. (upm.edu.my)
  • AC2 and SDA were far superior to culture for the detection of CT or GC from the oropharynx and rectum with AC2 detecting twice as many infections as culture. (nih.gov)
  • These results indicate a high frequency of co-detection of multiple HPV genotypes in chronically infected young women and suggest that the expression of the CT-Hsp60 gene may favor HPV infection. (unife.it)
  • For detection of chlamydia using wet swabs, the sensitivity and specificity compared with adjudicated true positives were 94.6% (87 of 92) and 99.3% (696 of 701), respectively. (usuhs.edu)
  • Point-of-care tests using enzyme detection to diagnose Chlamydia trachomatis infection do not work. (bvsalud.org)
  • In the United States, published studies of sexually active females screened during visits to health-care providers indicate that age is the sociodemographic factor most strongly associated with chlamydial infection. (cdc.gov)
  • The prevalence of chlamydial infection also has been higher among those patients who live in inner cities, have a lower socioeconomic status, or are black (5-11). (cdc.gov)
  • The recent resurgence of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) in Western Europe has highlighted the need to test high risk patients for rectal chlamydial infection. (bmj.com)
  • The current paper presents the study protocol for the first Swedish clinical investigation of repeat Chlamydial infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • But I had come across a single case triggered by chlamydial infection or suspected to be so far in my 45 years of experience. (healthcaremagic.com)
  • the proportion of men with chlamydial infection among infertile men examined in the period of 1996-2005 in the Clinic of Urology of Medical Faculty and Faculty Hospital in Košice, 2. (amedi.sk)
  • association between chlamydial infection and morphological sperm changes, 3. (amedi.sk)
  • influence of different strategies of treatment of chlamydial infection on sperm quality. (amedi.sk)
  • A significant relationship was found between chlamydial infection and sperm tail pathology (p = 0.035). (amedi.sk)
  • Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate a significantly higher rate of incidence of chlamydial infection in infertile men than in normal population and indicated the higher frequency of sperm pathology associated with chlamydial infection in infertile men, predominantly sperm tail pathology. (amedi.sk)
  • The strongest determinant of chlamydial infection was having one or more new sexual partners in the past year. (ox.ac.uk)
  • If present beyond the newborn period in a child who has not yet reached puberty , a chlamydial infection may be a sign of sexual abuse . (healthychildren.org)
  • Chlamydial infection is often called a "silent disease" because so many infected people have no symptoms. (healthychildren.org)
  • When newborns get a chlamydial infection from their mothers, they may develop eye inflammation (conjunctivitis) with redness , swelling, and discharge, with or without pneumonia . (healthychildren.org)
  • Your doctor can collect a specimen (eg, of pus) from the cervix or penis and have it tested in the laboratory for evidence of chlamydial infection. (healthychildren.org)
  • A person with a chlamydial infection is also more likely to contract an HIV infection. (healthychildren.org)
  • Although many organisms can cause afebrile pneumonia syndrome (APS), this article focuses on Chlamydia trachomatis, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Ureaplasma urealyticum, which are vertically transmitted to newborns during passage through the birth canal or, in the case of CMV, also during breastfeeding. (medscape.com)
  • If left untreated, 5-13% of infants colonized by C trachomatis develop pneumonia. (medscape.com)
  • Infections during pregnancy may cause preterm labor, low birth weight, perinatal death, and neonatal conjunctivitis and pneumonia. (ufrgs.br)
  • In unborn and newborn children chlamydial infections, gonorrhoea and syphilis can produce serious and often life-threatening conditions including congenital disease, pneumonia and low birth weight. (who.int)
  • C. trachomatis can cause afebrile pneumonia in 10-20% of infants born to infected mothers. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Pneumonia may develop in up to 30% of infants with nasopharyngeal infection. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • 12) When do the symptoms of neonatal pneumonia in babies start to show caused by Chlamydia trachomatis ? (medicalbiochemist.com)
  • A cough can be the result of a respiratory tract infection such as the common cold, COVID-19, acute bronchitis, pneumonia, pertussis, or tuberculosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pneumonia in Newborns Pneumonia is an infection of the small air sacs of the lungs (alveoli) and the tissues around them. (msdmanuals.com)
  • RSV infection is the most commonly identified cause of pneumonia (typically febrile) in neonates and infants younger than 6 months (79% of cases) in the United States. (medscape.com)
  • In the past 2 decades, another manifestation of LGV has emerged in North America and Europe: rectal LGV infection causing proctocolitis among men who have sex with men (MSM) ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • There have been only sporadic reports of rectal and genital LGV infection in women living in the industrialized world ( 3 , 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Cross-sectional studies from France, Switzerland, and the Netherlands did not detect biovar L in specimens from women with genital or rectal C. trachomatis infection ( 1 , 5 - 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • High rates of confirmation can be achieved using an independent real time PCR assay to examine rectal specimens which had initially tested C trachomatis positive using nucleic acid amplification tests and chlamydia tissue culture. (bmj.com)
  • 1 However, in the United Kingdom the testing of rectal specimens for Chlamydia trachomatis has been problematic for diagnostic laboratories because of the lack of a licensed nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) platform for extragenital sites, a lack of culture facilities, and the continued and extensive use of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) methods. (bmj.com)
  • Criteria for inclusion in this analysis were that referral forms must state that a specimen was sourced from a rectal site and had tested positive for C trachomatis at the primary laboratory using a known and stated standard laboratory test. (bmj.com)
  • For rectal GC (88 infections detected), sensitivities were 43% for culture, 78% for SDA and 93% for AC2. (nih.gov)
  • For rectal CT (68 infections detected), sensitivities were 27% for culture, 63% for SDA, and 93% for AC2. (nih.gov)
  • Further analyses with larger pharyngeal samples are needed, but clearly NAATs can improve our ability to diagnose rectal and oropharyngeal infection with CT or GC in MSM. (nih.gov)
  • The agency reported that there are at least 2.5 million cases of the four major STIs (the three previously mentioned and chlamydia). (nationalgeographic.com)
  • Overview of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) Sexually transmitted infection (STI) refers to an infection that is passed through blood, semen, vaginal fluids, or other body fluids during oral, anal, or genital sex with an infected partner. (msdmanuals.com)
  • STIs are infections that are passed from person to person through sexual contact. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Your doctor may also order an endocervical culture to screen you for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). (healthline.com)
  • Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are an also associated with subfertility in Samoan women. (who.int)
  • 8 found that chlamydia and trichomoniasis infections were This suggests a persistently high prevalence of STIs, common among pregnant women (30.9% and 20.8%, particularly chlamydia, for the past decade. (who.int)
  • The clinical role of this infection in the context of syndromic management should be clarified. (cdc.gov)
  • For positive PCR results, we confirmed the diagnosis by conducting whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of C. trachomatis directly from the clinical specimen as described elsewhere ( 9 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The concern of the study is whether a Chlamydia infection at inclusion indicates an increased risk for Chlamydia at follow-up after 6-8 months, gender-specific risk factors for and clinical presentation of repeat infections. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The collected data will provide gender-specific information on the occurrence of and risk for repeat Chlamydia infection, the occurrence of nvCT, and clinical data and information on sexual behaviour and reproductive health, risk-taking and condom use. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Clinical signs consistent with trachomatous inflammation-follicular were identified in 5-9-year-old children 23 times (7%), including in eleven with non-chlamydial infections and one with a C. trachomatis infection. (nintione.com.au)
  • Doxycycline has been shown to be active against most isolates of the following microorganisms, both in vitro and in clinical infections as described in the INDICATIONS AND USAGE section of the package insert for doxycycline hyclate capsules. (nih.gov)
  • Clinical experience suggests that, in addition to acute viral infections of the airways, focal bacterial infections, such as sinusitis or bronchitis, may also worsen asthma symptoms in children, but there is no research-based evidence for this connection. (medscape.com)
  • Finally, it will reduce adverse outcomes of pregnancy, such as stillbirth and perinatal death due to syphilis, and blindness caused by gonococcal and chlamydial infections. (who.int)
  • Odds ratio and 2 tests were conducted to compare the rates of positivity of chlamydia, gonorrhoea, hepatitis B and C, and syphilis across age groups from 2012 and 2017 surveillance data in Samoa. (who.int)
  • The results of this analysis confirm previously observed trends in Samoa for younger age groups' prevalence of chlamydia and gonorrhoea, and for older age groups' prevalence of hepatitis B and C. But the analysis also unexpectedly found that older age groups (aged 45 and above) are more likely to test positive for syphilis (for years 2014 and 2017). (who.int)
  • Samoa has historically reported high rates of chlamydia and gonorrhoea and low rates of HIV and syphilis from The 2017 national positivity rates for chlamydia, cross-sectional antenatal prevalence studies. (who.int)
  • To facilitate such collaborations, this document outlines the elements of a chlamydia prevention program. (cdc.gov)
  • These recommendations were developed by CDC after consultation with experts attending a chlamydia prevention workshop held in Atlanta, Georgia, March 26-28, 1991. (cdc.gov)
  • Until recently, chlamydia prevention and patient care were impeded by the lack of suitable laboratory tests for screening and diagnosis. (cdc.gov)
  • The submission of the draft global strategy for the prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections 2006-20152 is the next step in the response to the request in resolution WHA53.14. (who.int)
  • It recognizes that prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections are core aspects of sexual and reproductive health, as stated in the strategy to accelerate progress towards the attainment of international development goals and targets related to reproductive health. (who.int)
  • NHANES offers an opportunity to assess the prevalence of chlamydia and gonococcal infection in the general population and to monitor trends in prevalence as prevention programs are established and expanded. (cdc.gov)
  • For persistent infection following treatment, unrelated to reexposure, send a specimen to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for drug-resistance testing. (medscape.com)
  • In Samoa, the seroprevalence rates of sexually transmitted infections other than HIV have been endemically high over the past decade, despite years of prevention programming. (who.int)
  • This report shows emergence of C. trachomatis biovar L2 genital infection in women living in South Africa, a region to which lymphatic LGV is endemic ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Genital infection with Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common notifiable sexually transmissible infection in Sweden, and included in the Act of Communicable Diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genital infection with C trachomatis. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Those guidelines highlighted the prevalence and morbidity of chlamydial infections and stressed the need to include antibiotics effective against chlamydia when treating patients for urethritis, mucopurulent cervicitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease. (cdc.gov)
  • 23-55% of all cases of nongonococcal urethritis in men are caused by C. trachomatis . (unboundmedicine.com)
  • 10) Name the organism given below which is frequently associated with urethritis apart from Chlamydia trachomatis ? (medicalbiochemist.com)
  • Urethral discharge, dysuria, and exposure to a sexually transmitted infection (STI) are frequent presentations of urethritis in the male population. (medscape.com)
  • 9] Recurrent urethritis may occur from reinfection, therapeutic failure, or "venereophobia," an old term describing fear of recurrence where men can induce urethral inflammation and drainage (negative by white blood cell or Gram stain criteria) by repeatedly milking the urethra, checking for infection. (medscape.com)
  • Our study aimed to determine chlamydia prevalence in adolescents aged 15-20 years in a high-incidence area in Norway, and to identify gender-specific early sexual behaviours associated with infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The higher chlamydia incidence rates among female adolescents in surveillance data has commonly been linked to more extensive testing of girls due to their health seeking behaviour and the fact that screening strategies and reproductive health services mainly target females [ 1 , 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A chlamydia incidence rate almost twice the national average has been reported in Finnmark, the northernmost and most sparsely populated county in Norway [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The highest annual incidence rates in Finnmark among females were observed in the age group 15-19 years, while among males the infections peaked in the 20-24 year age group [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 6 Among active component service members, the incidence rate of HSV infections from 2013 through 2021 was 23.3 cases per 10,000 person-years (p-yrs), and the rate was 4.5 times higher in females (68.0 cases per 10,000 p-yrs) compared to males. (health.mil)
  • Infection with human papillomavirus increases the probability of developing carcinoma of the cervix, which is the second leading cause of cancer- related mortality in females worldwide, killing some 240 000 women per year.1 Making a correct diagnosis of a sexually transmitted infection is essential for the provision of appropriate and effective treatment. (who.int)
  • 2) Which of the following is a common specimen used for the diagnosis of sexually transmitted chlamydial infections that occur in both men and women? (medicalbiochemist.com)
  • 3) What type of methods are important laboratory approaches for the diagnosis of genital Chlamydia spp infections? (medicalbiochemist.com)
  • We conclude that the currently used IPA method for chlamydia diagnosis overestimates C. trachomatis infection and its specificity for the diagnosis of C. trachomatis is limited. (karger.com)
  • Timely diagnosis of these infections using nucleic acid amplifi cation tests and institution of appropriate therapy will improve the conception rates in infertile women. (who.int)
  • Data collection included an anonymous self-administered paper-and-pen questionnaire on sexual behaviour, reproductive health and history of Chlamydia, and condom use. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Early sexual behaviour has been shown to differ significantly between genders, but few studies have addressed this topic to explain the commonly observed differences in chlamydia rates between adolescent girls and boys. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Infection by this organism is insidious -- symptoms are absent or minor among most infected women and many men. (cdc.gov)
  • Unrecognized infection is highly prevalent in this group (CDC, unpublished review). (cdc.gov)
  • Background Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection remains highly prevalent. (bmj.com)
  • Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is the most prevalent sexually transmitted bacterial infection, affecting mainly young, sexually active women. (ufrgs.br)
  • Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is a common cause of sexually transmitted infections (STI) and a prevalent microorganism found in the vaginal discharge of sexually active women. (ijfs.ir)
  • BACKGROUND: Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) among young women, can result in serious sequelae. (itg.be)
  • Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common bacterial cause of sexually transmitted infection. (pasteur.fr)
  • The aim of this review is to evaluate the currently available data on the role of respiratory infections in asthmatic children, with a special focus on bacterial infections and antibiotic treatment. (medscape.com)
  • Cite this: Management of Bacterial Infections in Children with Asthma - Medscape - Sep 21, 2009. (medscape.com)
  • We detected Chlamydia trachomatis biovar L2 in vaginal swab specimens of 7 women with vaginal discharge in South Africa. (cdc.gov)
  • These swab specimens had been collected during 2012-2016 from women attending different healthcare settings: a mobile health clinic in rural Mopani District (n = 52) and 3 departments at the academic hospital in Pretoria: obstetrics and gynecology clinic (n = 14), antiretroviral treatment clinic (n = 10), and sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinic (n = 6). (cdc.gov)
  • We assessed the presence of LGV in these genital specimens by using specific PCRs for C. trachomatis serovar L and serovar L2b ( 8 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Whereas C. trachomatis biovar L-specific PCR showed positive results for 7 specimens obtained from women at the antiretroviral treatment (n = 5) and STI (n = 2) clinics in Pretoria, we did not detect LGV in any of the 52 specimens from women in Mopani District. (cdc.gov)
  • Chlamydia tests were performed by self-sampled specimens, analyzed by the ProbeTec (Becton Dickinson) method, Ct-positive specimens also analyzed with a nvCT-specific method. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Two commercial species-specific ELISA were used to determine serum IgG and IgA antibodies to C. trachomatis and vaginal swabs specimens were tested by PCR. (aku.edu)
  • Even in women with serological evidence of past chlamydial or gonococcal infections, most are unaware of the infection. (bmj.com)
  • At present there are no reliable estimates on the prevalence of chlamydial and gonococcal infection in the general population of the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • More than 4 million chlamydial infections occur annually (2,3). (cdc.gov)
  • Most infections occur in 15- to 19-year and 20- to 24-year age groups. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • C. trachomatis infection can occur in infants delivered by cesarean section, even without rupture of amniotic membranes. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • 1,2 The rash associated with mpox can be confused, or occur concurrently, with various sexually transmitted infections. (health.mil)
  • 2021). Motives for infections. (who.int)
  • Pelvic infection is a major cause of tubal subfertility. (bmj.com)
  • The severity of tubal subfertility after pelvic infection depends on the number and severity of episodes. (bmj.com)
  • C trachomatis colonizes the genital tracts of 2-13% of pregnant women (with higher rates among unmarried women with lower socioeconomic status, a greater number of sexual partners, and younger age) and is transmitted to more than 50% of their infants. (medscape.com)
  • U urealyticum colonizes the genital tract of 40-80% of pregnant women (with risk factors similar to those for C trachomatis ) and the mucous membranes of 16% of newborns with low birthweight and 8-11% of infants who weigh more than 2500 g at birth. (medscape.com)
  • Adequate surveillance and treatment of C. trachomatis colonizing the genital tract of pregnant women is the best way of preventing disease in the infant. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • To prevent these infections in newborns, universal prenatal screening and treatment of pregnant women is done. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Eight (30.77%) cases and 3 (6.38%) controls tested positive for C. trachomatis antibodies . (healthcaremagic.com)
  • Young people aged 15-19 years were significantly more likely to have a chlamydia infection compared to all other age groups in both 2012 and 2017. (who.int)
  • Hepatitis B infections were more common in males and those aged 30 and above in both 2012 and 2017. (who.int)
  • Chlamydia is endemic among women, with those from 26 reported cases in 2015 to 78 cases in 2017. (who.int)
  • Meanwhile, Chlamydia trachomatis antigen and antibody (CT IgG) were determined via Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and rapid visual immunoassay test kit. (upm.edu.my)
  • Most of the time, irregular coughing is caused by a respiratory tract infection but can also be triggered by choking, smoking, air pollution, asthma, gastroesophageal reflux disease, post-nasal drip, chronic bronchitis, lung tumors, heart failure and medications such as angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) and beta blockers. (wikipedia.org)
  • 2019. https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/617493/all/Chlamydia_Trachomatis_Infection. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The most common cause of an acute or subacute cough is a viral respiratory tract infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • After a respiratory tract infection has cleared, the person may be left with a postinfectious cough. (wikipedia.org)
  • This review summarizes current knowledge on the association between respiratory infections and asthma in children, with a special focus on the role of antibiotics in incipient asthma, asthma exacerbation and chronic stable asthma. (medscape.com)
  • Chlamydia trachomatis infections are common in sexually active adolescents and young adults in the United States (CDC, unpublished review). (cdc.gov)
  • C. trachomatis is the most frequent cause of epididymitis in sexually active young men. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Considering the sequelae of this infection and the fact that this is a quiet disease, it seems rational to screen sexually active women and inform them more about this issue. (ijfs.ir)
  • We suggest that accumulation of essentially different experiences in the early sexually active years contribute to gender disparities in chlamydia risk in individuals this age. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Any sexually active male or female can be infected with C trachomatis. (healthychildren.org)
  • If your teenaged daughter is sexually active, she should be screened or tested for a C trachomatis infection, even if she doesn't have symptoms. (healthychildren.org)
  • Similarly, no significant differences in overall prevalence rates of C. trachomatis IgG and IgA among both groups were observed. (aku.edu)
  • CT reinfection occurs in up to 20% of persons within months after treatment, likely contributing to sustaining the high chlamydia prevalence. (bmj.com)
  • The reason for a positive test at follow-up may depend on when testing is performed, as the reason may be a persistent infection, a reinfection by untreated partner/partners, or a new infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Methods In an ongoing study, women presenting to an STD Clinic in Birmingham, AL, for CT infection treatment are enrolled, treated, and return for 3- and 6-month follow-up visits. (bmj.com)
  • Recently, I have developed floxed-cassette allelic exchange mutagenesis (FLAEM), to reverse cassette-induced polar effects and generate the first ever markerless C. trachomatis deletion mutant. (uky.edu)