Tracer amino acids in vivo. Medical search. Frequent questions

A special evening lecture on "Problems and Pitfalls of Using Tracers to Measure In Vivo Kinetics" will be given by Dwight Matthews. (tamu.edu)
Protein turnover and amino acid transport kinetics in end-stage renal disease. (uams.edu)
Quantification of amino acid transport through interstitial fluid: assessment of four-compartment modeling for muscle protein kinetics. (uams.edu)
To determine the utilization of citrulline in vivo, we measured renal expression of ASS1 and ASL and conducted citrulline compartmental and non-compartmental kinetics using [15N] citrulline in pigs of five different ages (from 10 d preterm to 5 weeks of age). (usda.gov)
We perform studies using the mouse and the newborn piglet as animal models, together with a wide array of techniques including in vivo tracer kinetics, in vivo metabolic measurements, an assortment of molecular biology techniques, microscopy, cell culture, and muscle physiology measurements to address these research questions. (bcm.edu)
The dataset contains over 1.92 million data points in protein isotope labeling kinetics, culminating as the in vivo turnover rates of 3,228 cardiac proteins and the expression levels of 8,064 proteins. (nature.com)

TSPO binds with high affinity to the lipid cholesterol, and pharmacological ligands of TSPO facilitate cholesterol transport across the mitochondrial intermembrane space to stimulate steroid synthesis and bile acid synthesis in relevant tissues. (wikipedia.org)
Much of our work involves the use of stable isotope tracers to label proteins in vivo and study synthesis and accumulation of individual proteins. (mayo.edu)
Amino acid ingestion improves muscle protein synthesis in the young and elderly. (uams.edu)
Differential stimulation of muscle protein synthesis in elderly humans following isocaloric ingestion of amino acids or whey protein. (uams.edu)
Reduced amino acid availability inhibits muscle protein synthesis and decreases activity of initiation factor eIF2B. (uams.edu)
Human muscle protein synthesis is modulated by extracellular, not intramuscular amino acid availability: a dose-response study. (uams.edu)
A high proportion of leucine is required for optimal stimulation of the rate of muscle protein synthesis by essential amino acids in the elderly. (uams.edu)
Prematurity blunts the insulin- and amino acid-induced stimulation of translation initiation and protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs. (bcm.edu)
A coenzyme A derivative which plays a key role in the fatty acid synthesis in the cytoplasmic and microsomal systems. (lookformedical.com)
Insulin reduces blood amino acid concentrations by limiting the release of amino acids into the bloodstream from skeletal muscle 18 , 20 and promoting protein synthesis in the liver and other tissues 3 . (biorxiv.org)
Using the PET tracer 6-[ 18 F]fluoro- l - m -tyrosine, we found strong support for upregulated striatal dopamine synthesis capacity in healthy older adult humans free of amyloid pathology, relative to young people. (jneurosci.org)
Combining in vivo PET imaging of dopamine synthesis capacity, fMRI, and a sensitive measure of cognitive flexibility, we reveal three core findings. (jneurosci.org)
The approach adopted for the work reported in this dissertation is the net enzyme synthesis in vivo and in vitro. (ndltd.org)
As an amino acid, glycine plays an essential role in protein synthesis, especially collagen synthesis. (examine.com)

Methods: Within this study, we assess the utility of a novel positron emission tomography (PET) tracer to determine sarcomas reliant on extracellular arginine for survival by measuring changes in amino acid transport in arginine auxotrophic sarcoma cells treated with ADI-PEG20. (wustl.edu)
A promising solution to the shortcomings of conventional MRI comes in the form of amino acid positron emission tomography (PET) tracers. (debuglies.com)
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a noninvasive imaging technique that allows quantitative in vivo analysis of the rates of various physiological and biochemical processes. (hindawi.com)

This thesis therefore aimed at deciphering the metabolic phenotype of residual breast cancer which survived docetaxel treatment, \(in\) \(vitro\) and \(in\) \(vivo\), quantifying polar metabolite levels and conducting pathway tracing and metabolic flux analysis using stable isotope (\(^{13}\)C) labelled tracers. (bham.ac.uk)
A method to carry out \(in\) \(vivo\) tracer-based metabolic studies was successfully developed using a breast cancer mouse model. (bham.ac.uk)
In conclusion, this thesis demonstrated that metabolic phenotyping is a valid approach to uncover key metabolic alterations in residual tumours both \(in\) \(vitro\) and \(in\) \(vivo\), and could be further exploited to design personalised treatments aimed at restoring sensitivity to therapies. (bham.ac.uk)
Integrate advanced mass spectrometry, computational modeling, and metabolic engineering to develop an experimental-computational approach for the in vivo genome-scale determination of Gibbs free energies ( ΔG ) in metabolic networks suitable for high-throughput thermodynamic profiling of engineered organisms and emerging model systems. (energy.gov)
Steady-state and dynamic isotope tracer experiments can provide information on metabolic network structure, metabolic fluxes, and thermodynamics of metabolic reactions and pathways. (energy.gov)
Metabolic tumor volume, total lesion avidity, SUV max , and total uptake were calculated for both tracers. (snmjournals.org)
Everyone interested in tracer methodology for metabolic research, or anyone who wants to learn more for further research. (tamu.edu)
Using an integrated platform of metabolic labeling, high-resolution mass spectrometry and computational analysis, we report here a comprehensive dataset of the in vivo half-life of 3,228 and the expression of 8,064 cardiac proteins, quantified under healthy and hypertrophic conditions across six mouse genetic strains commonly employed in biomedical research. (nature.com)
These differences in metabolic regulatory mechanisms of amino acids are reflected in their temporal patterns after glucose ingestion 7 . (biorxiv.org)
Glycine is a conditionally essential amino acid in humans because humans are unable to synthesize enough glycine to satisfy metabolic requirements. (examine.com)

Aging is associated with diminished accretion of muscle proteins after the ingestion of a small bolus of essential amino acids. (uams.edu)
Rapidly digested proteins that contain high proportions of essential amino acids (EAAs) and adequate leucine, are most effective in stimulating MPS. (biomedcentral.com)
Covalent attachment of LIPIDS and FATTY ACIDS to other compounds and PROTEINS. (lookformedical.com)
Affibody molecules are small (58 amino acids) engineered scaffold proteins that can be selected to bind to a large variety of proteins with a high affinity. (mdpi.com)
Macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids and complex carbohydrates are major components of biomass and are products of anabolic metabolism. (uky.edu)
Affibody molecules are based on a 58-amino acid protein domain, derived from staphylococcal protein A, which has served as scaffold for construction of combinatorial libraries from which affibody binding proteins can be selected to desired target proteins. (kth.se)

3 Bergström K, Halldin C, Hall H, Lundkvist C, Ginovart N, Swahn C G, Farde L. In vitro and in vivo characterization of nor- β- CIT: a potential radioligand for visualization of the serotonin transporter in the brain. (thieme-connect.com)
Our results showed that, as compared with wildtype TK, HSV1-sr39TK/GCV demonstrated a stronger therapeutic efficacy against C6 glioma both in vitro and in vivo , which, by reducing the required GCV dose, might warrant its future use in the treatment of glioma under clinical setting. (hindawi.com)

The L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is a key mediator in uptake and intracellular accumulation of melphalan and correlates with melphalan sensitivity and response in MM and other cancers ( 8 - 10 ). (snmjournals.org)
Results: In vitro studies revealed that in response to ADI-PEG20 treatment, arginine auxotrophs increase the uptake of L-[ 3 H]arginine and [ 18 F]AFETP due to an increase in the expression and localization to the plasma membrane of the cationic amino acid transporter CAT-1. (wustl.edu)
Furthermore, in vivo PET imaging studies in mice with arginine-dependent osteosarcoma xenografts showed increased [ 18 F]AFETP uptake in tumors 4 days after ADI-PEG20 treatment compared to baseline. (wustl.edu)
2003). Selective Cellular uptake of fatty acids and following storage in the form of disruption of Pparγ2 or adipocyte-speci﫿c Pparγ knockout leads TGs in adipocytes are key steps in lipid storage. (deepdyve.com)

Insulin plays a crucial role in regulating the metabolism of blood glucose, amino acids, and lipids in humans. (biorxiv.org)
To address this question, we used mathematical modeling to identify the selective regulatory mechanisms of insulin on blood amino acids and lipids. (biorxiv.org)
Numerous studies have investigated how insulin regulates amino acids and lipids in the bloodstream 4 , 18 , 19 . (biorxiv.org)
With regards to free fatty acids (FFA), insulin reduces their concentration in the blood by inhibiting their efflux from adipose tissue into the blood and by promoting their accumulation as triglycerides (TAG) in adipose tissue 5 , 6 . (biorxiv.org)
We examined the effect of three months of rosiglitazone treatment (4 mg b.i.d.) on whole-body insulin sensitivity and in vivo peripheral adipocyte insulin sensitivity as assessed by glycerol release in microdialysis from subcutaneous fat during a two-step (20 and 120 mU · m −2 · min −1 ) hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp in nine type 2 diabetic subjects. (diabetesjournals.org)
In conclusion, these results support the hypothesis that thiazolidinediones enhance insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes by promoting increased insulin sensitivity in peripheral adipocytes, which results in lower plasma fatty acid concentrations and a redistribution of intracellular lipid from insulin responsive organs into peripheral adipocytes. (diabetesjournals.org)
B, Insulin deficiency and/or insulin resistance creates a catabolic state with accelerated breakdown of macromolecules and accumulation of nutrients (glucose, amino acids, and free fatty acids) in the plasma. (diabetestalk.net)
2,3 Insulin resistance is thought to be one of the principal mechanisms responsible for the catabolic responses to surgery, including stimulated amino acid oxidation, muscle proteolysis, and gluconeogenesis along with decreased glucose utilization and hyperglycemia. (diabetestalk.net)

Conclusion: CAT-1 transporters localizes to the plasma membrane as a result of arginine starvation with ADI-PEG20 in ASS1-deficient tumor cells and provides a mechanism for using cationic amino acid transport substrates such as [ 18 F]AFETP for identifying tumors susceptible to ADI-PEG20 treatment though non-invasive PET imaging techniques. (wustl.edu)

Stable isotope tracers (e.g., 13 C, 15 N, 18 O, and 2 H tracers), in combination with mass-spectrometry-based metabolomics, have become a widely used tool for the quantitative analysis of metabolism. (energy.gov)
The use of isotope tracers to estimate ΔG of reactions in central carbon metabolism constitutes a recent development. (energy.gov)
In this work, the use of deuterated water (also named as "heavy water," 2 H 2 O, or D 2 O) is explored as a non-nutrient, substrate-agnostic, cost-effective isotope tracer for investigating reversibility of reactions in central carbon metabolism. (energy.gov)
With the development and optimization of non-invasive techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), several groups have worked on assessing cerebral metabolism in vivo . (frontiersin.org)
Here, we review state-of-the-art MR methods to study brain function and metabolism in vivo , and their contribution to the current understanding of how astrocytic energy metabolism supports glutamatergic activity and cerebral function. (frontiersin.org)
Quantification of protein metabolism in vivo for skin, wound, and muscle in severe burn patients. (uams.edu)
It is an amino acid derivative and an essential cofactor for fatty acid metabolism. (lookformedical.com)
2010). Senp2 also regulates fatty acid metabolism in skeletal Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jmcb/article-abstract/10/3/258/4763638 by Ed 'DeepDyve' Gillespie user on 26 June 2018 Senp2 regulates adipose lipid storage by de-SUMOylation of Setdb1 j 259 muscle (Koo et al. (deepdyve.com)

A saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. (lookformedical.com)

Blood lipids consist of free fatty acids and ketone bodies, such as 3-hydroxybutyrate. (biorxiv.org)

Acute protein doses should strive to contain 700-3000 mg of leucine and/or a higher relative leucine content, in addition to a balanced array of the essential amino acids (EAAs). (biomedcentral.com)

A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids. (lookformedical.com)
A group of compounds that are derivatives of octadecanoic acid which is one of the most abundant fatty acids found in animal lipids. (lookformedical.com)
One of insulin's primary functions is to regulate blood glucose levels, but it also has a role in regulating other blood metabolites such as amino acids and lipids 3 - 6 . (biorxiv.org)
While there has been extensive research on the mathematical modeling of insulin's regulation of blood glucose 8 - 13 , there has been limited investigation of its selective regulation of blood amino acids and lipids 14 - 17 . (biorxiv.org)
To address this gap, we utilized mathematical model selection to explore insulin's selective regulatory mechanisms on blood amino acids and lipids, considering their temporal patterns after oral glucose ingestion. (biorxiv.org)

6 Keratin is especially rich in cysteine, which is a sulfur-containing amino acid capable of forming disulfide bonds between molecules, thus adding strength and elasticity to the entire structure (Figure 1). (naturalmedicinejournal.com)
Various micro- and macro biologically active molecules have been utilized as tracers for BNCT. (thno.org)

In\) \(vitro\) residual cells presented a hypermetabolic phenotype characterised by significant accumulation of essential and non-essential amino acids, together with an elicited Warburg effect and an increased antioxidant response based on glutathione production, while in growth arrest. (bham.ac.uk)
Although the metabolite accumulation outlined \(in\) \(vitro\) was not observed \(in\) \(vivo\), a protective phenotype against oxidative stress was supported by increased flux through the oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway. (bham.ac.uk)
Such radiolabeling enables comprehensive in vivo examination, encompassing crucial aspects such as pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, tumor selectivity, and accumulation and retention of the tracer within the tumor. (thno.org)

Method for the determination of the arteriovenous muscle protein balance during non-steady-state blood and muscle amino acid concentrations. (uams.edu)

However, it seems that there is an excess capacity to utilize citrulline at all ages, including during prematurity, since the bolus dose of tracer did not result in an increase in endogenous citrulline. (usda.gov)

We are actively extending CS tagging to metabolites containing amino (R-NH 2 ) using QAT or ethylchoroformate (ECF) (8), thiol (R-SH) (9) carboxylate using cholamine (10) and diol (R-CH(OH)CH(OH)-R) functionalities. (uky.edu)
The introduction of isotopic tracers and the development of efficient fractionation techniques have made possible the investigation of the biosynthetic mechanism of many metabolites. (ndltd.org)

To achieve the most favorable therapeutic outcomes, the delivery of boron-enriched tracers to tumors must be selective and efficient, with a substantial concentration of boron atoms meticulously arranged in and around the tumor cells. (thno.org)

Independent and combined effects of amino acids and glucose after resistance exercise. (uams.edu)

Relating in vitro to in vivo exposures with physiologically based tissue dosimetry and tissue response models. (cdc.gov)

The genetic expression of the enzymes that make the amino acid arginine in the kidney is lower in neonates and for this reason it is believe that neonates have a limited capacity to make arginine. (usda.gov)
In addition, we examined the expression and localization of cationic amino acid transporters in response to arginine starvation with ADI-PEG20. (wustl.edu)

Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure. (lookformedical.com)
[5] Like all amino acids, glycine has a central carbon with one amino group, one carboxy acid group, and one side chain that makes each amino acid unique. (examine.com)

Hypercortisolemia alters muscle protein anabolism following ingestion of essential amino acids. (uams.edu)
Essential amino acids are primarily responsible for the amino acid stimulation of muscle protein anabolism in healthy elderly adults. (uams.edu)
Exogenous amino acids stimulate human muscle anabolism without interfering with the response to mixed meal ingestion. (uams.edu)

4 Booij J, Knol R, Reneman L, Bruin K, Janssen A G, van Royen E A. Iodine-123 labelled nor- β- CIT binds to the serotonin transporter in vivo as assessed by biodistribution studies in rats. (thieme-connect.com)

Essential amino acid and carbohydrate supplementation ameliorates muscle protein loss in humans during 28 days bedrest. (uams.edu)
To address this question, we present a novel approach that combines direct tracer measurements of entire white matter trajectories in macaque monkeys with diffusion MRI tractography of both macaques and humans. (jneurosci.org)
The structures of rat and human GALP-(1-60) were deduced from cloned cDNA, which indicated that the amino acid sequences 1-24 and 41-53 were highly conserved between humans, rats, and pigs. (phoenixpeptide.com)

Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. (lookformedical.com)
A fatty acid coenzyme derivative which plays a key role in fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis. (lookformedical.com)
Second, under condition of low cellular oxygen (as is the case in contracting muscle), otherwise known as anaerobic condition, pyruvate can be reduced to lactate through oxidation of NADH to NAD + - a process referred to as lactic acid fermentation. (kdwis.com)

The addition of an organic acid radical into a molecule. (lookformedical.com)
Triglycerides are a type of fat found in the blood that are made up of three fatty acids and a glycerol molecule. (lookformedical.com)

Amino acid control of muscle protein turnover in renal disease. (uams.edu)

Different types and quality of protein can affect amino acid bioavailability following protein supplementation. (biomedcentral.com)

Amino acid repletion does not decrease muscle protein catabolism during hemodialysis. (uams.edu)

These fatty acids are not in glycerol ester form. (lookformedical.com)

Two years ago, Lynen and Mahler proposed independently a scheme for the biosynthesis of long-chain fatty acids. (ndltd.org)

In addition we have adapted and developed a derivatizing method for capturing quantitatively amino-containing compounds including polyamines. (uky.edu)

[12] Additionally, glycine is conjugated with bile acids (along with taurine) before being excreted into the biliary system, thereby playing a central role in lipid digestion and absorption. (examine.com)

Intrahippocampal injection of galnon also shortened the duration of self-sustaining status epilepticus in rats, confirming its agonist properties in vivo. (phoenixpeptide.com)
Pretreatment of rats with antisense peptide nucleic acid targeted to galanin receptor type 1 mRNA abolished the effect of galnon, suggesting mediation of its anticonvulsant properties through this receptor subtype. (phoenixpeptide.com)

The deduced amino acid sequence of hOAT3 showed 36 to 51% identity to those of other members of the OAT family. (aspetjournals.org)
The amino acid sequence of GALP-(9-21) was completely identical to that of galanin-(1-13). (phoenixpeptide.com)

This review provides a comprehensive summary of the essential aspects of BNCT tracers, focusing on their radiolabeling with PET or SPECT radioisotopes. (thno.org)
Gly ) is a conditionally essential amino acid discovered in 1820 by French chemist Henri Braconnot through acid hydrolysis of gelatin. (examine.com)

I am Director of the Centre for In Vivo Imaging , which represents Newcastle University's in vivo imaging portfolio. (ncl.ac.uk)
Their therapeutic potential are investigated in various settings, including tumor targeting for in vivo imaging and therapy applications. (kth.se)

Protein and amino acids for athletes. (uams.edu)

Although the combination of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) thymidine kinase (TK) with ganciclovir (GCV) has been shown as a promising suicide gene treatment strategy for glioma, the almost immunodepressive dose of GCV required for its adequate in vivo efficacy has hampered its further clinical application. (hindawi.com)

A multi-professional faculty of well-known field experts will guide you to a better understanding of the practicalities of tracer methodology and enable you to confidently engage in tracer studies, giving you a head start in building your own tracer lab. (tamu.edu)
However, in these studies, the therapeutic efficacies were mainly determined by using calipers to measure tumor sizes, while lacking in vivo evaluation on the early treatment responses of tumors to TK/GCV. (hindawi.com)
Studies on the physiological effects of sulfamic acid and ammonium sulfamate. (cdc.gov)

In the present study, we used FDG microPET as an in vivo evaluation method to assess the early therapeutic efficacy of the suicide gene therapy. (hindawi.com)

[1] Glycine is the simplest amino acid in nature, with a single hydrogen atom as its side chain. (examine.com)
For glycine, this side chain is a single hydrogen atom, which is why glycine is the simplest and smallest amino acid in nature. (examine.com)
Notice that carboxylic acids have even stronger hydrogen bonding than alcohols. (forextrading-madeeasy.com)

A low molecular weight galanin receptor agonist, 7-((9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)cyclohexylalanyllysyl)amino-4-methylcoumarin (galnon) was found to displace (125)I-galanin with micromolar affinity at Bowes cellular and rat hippocampal membranes. (phoenixpeptide.com)

1987. Ammonia emissions and their role in acid deposition. (cdc.gov)

Roles of neuroactive amino acids in ammonia neurotoxicity. (cdc.gov)

However, despite their widespread use, a comprehensive evaluation of the overall performance of amino acid PET tracers and conventional MRI for detecting the entire brain tumor burden remains elusive. (debuglies.com)

Glycine is the primary amino acid in collagen, making up one-third of its amino acids in the repeated form of tripeptides (glycine-proline-Y and glycine-X-hydroxyproline, where X and Y can be any amino acid). (examine.com)

FATTY ACIDS found in the plasma that are complexed with SERUM ALBUMIN for transport. (lookformedical.com)

Anatomy13

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