Toxoplasma gondii infection. Medical search. Frequent questions

Foundation Toxoplasma Serology Laboratory (PAMF-TSL) ( 1 ) from 1/1/1991 to 12/31/2010 to identify families with a family/household member diagnosed with acute toxoplasmosis (index case [IC]) and at least one additional family/household member tested for Toxoplasma gondii infection. (cdc.gov)
Also, for patients with chorioretinitis, if the ocular findings are typical of toxoplasmosis, a high IgG titer, even in the absence of other serologic markers, can suggest a recent postnatally acquired T. gondii infection. (cdc.gov)
Overall, 329 small ruminants tested positive for Toxoplasma gondii and 45 for Chlamydia abortus with a prevalence of 31.01% (95% CI: 28.23 - 33.79) for toxoplasmosis and 4.24% (95% CI: 3.03 - 5.45) for chlamydia abortus, respectively. (researchsquare.com)
Toxoplasmosis, a common parasitic disease, is caused by Toxoplasma gondii , which infects approximately 30% of the world's population. (nature.com)
These data demonstrated that ME49Δ cdpk3 inoculation induced effective cellular and humoral immune responses against acute and chronic Toxoplasma infections with various strains and was a potential candidate to develop a vaccine against toxoplasmosis. (nature.com)
The above characteristics of Toxoplasma strains pose great challenges to the control of toxoplasmosis. (nature.com)
Thus, the development of an effective toxoplasmosis vaccine is critical for limiting the infection of various Toxoplasma strains. (nature.com)
T. gondii infection causes toxoplasmosis, which is the leading cause of death associated with foodborne diseases in the United States. (mdpi.com)
Therefore, screening of Toxoplasma infection in blood transfusion centers may be effective in the prevention of toxoplasmosis in these patients. (ac.ir)
Toxoplasmosis (Tox-o-plaz-mo-sis) is an infection and vegetables can be infected? (cdc.gov)
Congenital toxoplasmosis is a group of symptoms that occur when an unborn baby (fetus) is infected with the parasite Toxoplasma gondii . (medlineplus.gov)
Toxoplasmosis infection can be passed to a developing baby if the mother becomes infected while pregnant. (medlineplus.gov)
For example, toxoplasmosis infection can be passed from cats if you clean the cat's litter box. (medlineplus.gov)
Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii). (medlineplus.gov)
However, women with primary T. gondii and HIV coinfection had lower CD4+ T-cell count than those with toxoplasmosis monoinfection. (mmj.mw)
2005). T. gondii infection is usually asymptomatic in immunecompetent individuals, but it is particularly dangerous for pregnant women because the prevalence of toxoplasmosis increases during pregnancy throughout the second and Trimesters of pregnancy and congenital infection. (ac.ir)
Hence, it was suggested that T. gondii strains virulent for mice might not lead to a similar course of toxoplasmosis in humans. (springer.com)
T. gondii type II strains, identified predominantly in the populations of some European countries and the United States, were reported to generate congenital toxoplasmosis, including lethal infection, severe neuro-ocular involvement, isolated chorioretinitis, and/or latent toxoplasmosis [ 7 ]. (springer.com)
Toxoplasmosis Outbreak Associated With Toxoplasma gondii-Contaminated Venison-High Attack Rate, Unusual Clinical Presentation, and Atypical Genotype. (sutterhealth.org)
She has a particular interest in treating patients with diabetic retinopathy, AIDS-related retinal infections, ocular toxoplasmosis, macular degeneration, retinal detachment, and uveitis. (massgeneral.org)
In a study involving 358 adult subjects, a team led by researchers from the University of Chicago found that toxoplasmosis, a relatively harmless parasitic infection carried by an estimated 30 percent of all humans, is associated with intermittent explosive disorder and increased aggression. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
As part of their pioneering research to improve diagnosis and treatment for IED and impulsive aggression, Coccaro and his colleagues examined possible connections to toxoplasmosis, an extremely common parasitic infection. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
However, the authors caution that the study results do not address whether toxoplasmosis infection may cause increased aggression or IED. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxo- nomic burden on families who may already plasma gondii , is found worldwide and is be financially overburdened. (who.int)
Keep reading to learn more about toxoplasmosis, how it's diagnosed and treated, and the steps you can take to avoid getting this parasitic infection. (healthline.com)
The name of the parasite that causes toxoplasmosis is T. gondii . (healthline.com)
Aside from congenital toxoplasmosis, which is passed from a pregnant parent to their baby, most people become infected when they ingest the T. gondii parasite. (healthline.com)
A cat with toxoplasmosis can shed millions of eggs in its feces for 1 to 3 weeks after infection. (healthline.com)
Toxoplasmosis is infection caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii . (msdmanuals.com)
Most healthy people with toxoplasmosis do not require treatment, but adults with eye involvement, severe or persistent symptoms, or weakened immune systems, and pregnant women, and newborns with congenital infection are treated. (msdmanuals.com)
Chorioretinitis associated with congenital viral infections like CMV tends to be stable or improve in infancy, whereas chorioretinitis associated with asymptomatic congenital toxoplasmosis (CTP) progresses for years after birth and is more likely to be clinically significant at an older age. (medscape.com)
Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii . (glowm.com)
When acquired during pregnancy, toxoplasmosis often goes unrecognized in the mother, but it can produce a severe congenital infection with ocular and neurologic damage to the infant. (glowm.com)
Education about the primary prevention of toxoplasmosis has decreased the rate of primary infection, but it is still an important pathogen. (glowm.com)
Thus, fetal infection has not been reported in women with chronic toxoplasmosis that occurred before pregnancy. (glowm.com)
They are also known to af- infections: brucellosis, toxoplasmosis, hy- fect animal health and productivity [ 2 ]. (who.int)
Perfil antigénico en fase aguda y crónica de toxoplasmosis en embarazadas por la técnic. (bvsalud.org)
La toxoplasmosis es una enfermedad endémica con prevalencia mundial variable, cuyo agente causal es el parásito Toxoplasma gondii. (bvsalud.org)
Fueron incluidos en el estudio 55 sueros de embarazadas con toxoplasmosis, diferenciados en fase aguda y crónica de la enfermedad por medio del método de ELISA de Avidez de IgG. (bvsalud.org)
Toxoplasmosis is an endemic disease with variable global prevalence, being the causative agent the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. (bvsalud.org)

Furthermore, a large number of tachyzoites in semen of infertile patients and anti-sperm antibodies (AsAb) were detected in T. gondii infection [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Assessment of anti- Toxoplasma antibodies in sera samples was performed using commercial ELISA kits. (ac.ir)
Your health care provider may suggest a blood and you can be infected by eating probably carry the Toxoplasma parasite, but very test to check for antibodies to Toxoplasma if you them if they are not washed or few have symptoms because the immune system are pregnant or have a weakened immune peeled. (cdc.gov)
Blood serum samples were tested for toxoplasma IgM antibodies by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay and for toxoplasma IgG antibodies using an Immunochromatographic technique . (bvsalud.org)
Then, the levels of IgG and IgM antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). (ac.ir)
GeneMedi offers paired diagnostics grade toxoplasma gondii antibodies (monoclonal antibody,mab) and toxoplasma gondii antigens for infectious disease rapid test kit of toxoplasma gondii infection and symptoms testing in ELISA,Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) and other immunoassays. (genemedi.net)
Doctors usually diagnose the infection by doing blood tests that detect antibodies against the parasite. (msdmanuals.com)
Toxoplasma-specific IgG antibodies are detectable 1-3 weeks after infection and remain detectable for the life of the individual. (cdc.gov)
Toxoplasma-specific IgM antibodies are also detectable 1-3 weeks after infection but generally decline to nil by 1 year after infection. (cdc.gov)
The presence and quantity of IgG antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in the test sample were determined by performing an EIA test with Toxoplasma antigen. (cdc.gov)
The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies among pregnant women attending the Douala General Hospital. (bvsalud.org)

caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii . (cdc.gov)
A common infecting agent is the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). (bvsalud.org)
The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Here, we studied whether the sequential exposure to SWCNT via pharyngeal aspiration and infection of mice with the ubiquitous intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii would impact on the immune response of the host against the parasite. (cdc.gov)

To date, no study has reported the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Chlamydia abortus in small ruminants in Cameroon. (researchsquare.com)
Determining the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Chlamydia abortus and the risk factors associated with infection could contribute to the control of these diseases in animals and humans in Cameroon. (researchsquare.com)
This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection, associated CD4+ T-cell profile and sociodemographic risk factors among pregnant women with or without HIV infection attending the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria. (mmj.mw)
There was a significant relationship between the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection and age (P˂ 0.05). (ac.ir)
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and concurrent bartonella spp. (usda.gov)

Toxoplasma gondii ( T. gondii ) is a common zoonotic intracellular parasite capable of infecting almost all warm-blooded animals, including humans 1 . (nature.com)
Toxoplasma gondii is a common zoonotic intracellular parasite in livestock raised for human consumption and is a public health concern. (journalmeattechnology.com)

Background: Toxoplasma gondii ( T. gondii ) is a protozoan parasite with high prevalence worldwide. (mdpi.com)
T. gondii is a protozoan parasite with three different forms. (glowm.com)
Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is caused by infection with the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi . (medscape.com)

The present paper proposes a baseline (minimum required information) for the phenotypic characterization of T. gondii virulence and intends to highlight the needs for consistent methods when a panel of T. gondii isolates is evaluated for virulence. (ucm.es)
Deciphering the role of transcription factors in the virulence factor expression in Toxoplasma gondii . (pasteur-lille.fr)

A narrative bibliographic review article was done with the search of original and review articles in international scientific mentales en adultos journals, in English and Spanish listing the relationship between the seroprevalence of T. gondii and the development of mental disorders in the adult population. (bvsalud.org)

Serotyping of Toxoplasma gondii Infection Using Peptide Membrane Arrays. (massgeneral.org)
Serotyping of Toxoplasma gondii: striking homogeneous pattern between symptomatic and asymptomatic infections within Europe and South America. (univ-lyon1.fr)
Serotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in chronically infected pregnant women: predominance of type II in Europe and types I and III in Colombia (South America). (univ-lyon1.fr)

This study aimed to the serological and molecular diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infections and related risk factors in patients with thalassemia major and healthy controls. (ac.ir)
For an accurate diagnosis of a T. gondii infection, combinations of serological methods are required. (bvsalud.org)

Humans are usually infected with T. gondii by ingesting oocysts shed by cats or by ingesting viable tissue cysts present in raw or undercooked meat. (ac.ir)
Domestic and other wild cats are the definitive hosts of T. gondii , and ingestion of oocysts excreted by cats is the main source of infection in intermediate hosts (humans and animals) 1 , 8 . (nature.com)
Comparison between the two methods was done testing eight 4 month-old pigs orally inoculated with 5 x 10(4) oocysts of Toxoplasma gondii (AS-28 strain) and three non-infected pigs at the same age, kept as control. (usp.br)
Oocysts are passed in the feces of cats for periods varying from 7 to 20 days after an initial infection. (glowm.com)

Interleukin (IL)-12 is a proinflammatory cytokine generally regarded as a master regulator of type 1 T cell mediated immunity against intracellular pathogens, including T. gondii and cancers. (aai.org)
Those infections were due to two terrestrial protozoal pathogens, Toxoplasma gondii and Sarcocystis neurona . (cdc.gov)
An infection is the invasion of tissues by pathogens , their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agent and the toxins they produce. (wikipedia.org)
Infections can be caused by a wide range of pathogens , most prominently bacteria and viruses . (wikipedia.org)
Fungal infections are commonly identified, and emergent pathogens such as West Nile virus and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) have been described. (medscape.com)

Coura-Vital W, Marques MJ, Veloso VM, Roatt BM, Aguiar-Soares RD, Reis LE, Braga SL, Morais MH, Reis AB, Carneiro M. Prevalence and Factors Associated with Leishmania infantum infection of dogs from an urban area of Brazil as identified by molecular methods. (aaem.pl)
The main objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of T. gondii among adults in the United States and its association with cardiovascular health using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2009-2010). (mdpi.com)
It has a global distribution, and 30% of people are infected worldwide .The prevalence of T. gondii infection can be affected by some factors, such as hot and humid climates, dietary and cultural habits, health conditions, and socio-economic status ( Khademi et al. (ac.ir)
Background, Methods: To elucidate the prevalence and molecular characterization of Giardia infection in dogs, a cross-sectional study was performed on stray and housed dogs from different localities of Egypt. (researchgate.net)
Oral swabs had the highest prevalence of C. albicans followed by vaginal/urethral samples (52.6 vs. 29.7) subjects had C. albicans infection at more than one collection site. (bvsalud.org)
The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of genital mycoplasmas (Ureaplasma urealiticum and Mycoplasma hominis) infection and their drug sensitivity patterns in women. (bvsalud.org)

One method to determine infection status is the serological examination through the measurement of immunoglobulin G (IgG). (azerbaijanmedicaljournal.net)
This study aims to determine the relationship between sexual behavior and a history of injecting drug use with Toxoplasma gondii infection based on IgG serological status. (azerbaijanmedicaljournal.net)

Chronic persistent infections-such as with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-result in a wide spectrum of glomerular disorders. (medscape.com)
IgG seropositivity is the basis for determining the status of Toxoplasma gondii infection in the chronic or latent phase. (azerbaijanmedicaljournal.net)
Different T. gondii haplogroups showed strong phenotypic differences in laboratory mouse infections, which provide a suitable model for mimicking acute and chronic infections. (ucm.es)
The tissue cyst form can persist in tissue of adults, such as brain and muscle, throughout the life of the host, producing a chronic, latent infection. (glowm.com)
A minority of persons with long-standing T cruzi infection develop the serious cardiac and gastrointestinal problems that characterize chronic symptomatic Chagas disease. (medscape.com)
Recent studies have reported that the Western Blot technique allows the detection of antigenic proteins as markers of infection, as well as certain protein profiles as possible indicators of acute and chronic phases of infection. (bvsalud.org)

The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of Leishmania infantum and Toxoplasma gondii among household dogs in Shanghai (the most important industrial and commercial city in China), and to assess the possible risk factors associated with the infection. (aaem.pl)
The objectives of this study were to determine the seroprevalence and highlight the risk factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii and Chlamydia abortus infection in small ruminants in Cameroon. (researchsquare.com)

Recombinant toxoplasma gondii antigen Protein is produced by E.coli expression system with a 6His tag. (genemedi.net)

The aim of the present experiment was to standardize a nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii in tissues of experimentally infected pigs and to compare the performance of nPCR with the standard isolation technique, the bioassay in mice. (usp.br)
All animals were euthanatized 47 days after infection and samples of brain, heart, tongue and retina were collected from each animal for analysis by nPCR and bioassay in mice. (usp.br)
Therefore, to investigate the relationship between T. gondii and sperm maturation, we infected mice with T. gondii prugniaud (PRU) strain and performed transcriptome sequencing of the epididymis. (biomedcentral.com)
We sequenced the reproductive system of male mice chronically infected with T. gondii , which provides a new direction for research into male sterility caused by Toxoplasma infection. (biomedcentral.com)
A ) Splenomegaly in MyD88 −/− but not in MyD88 +/+ mice, infected with 80 cysts of the 76 K T. gondii strain 13 days postinfection. (biomedcentral.com)
C ) cytokine and NO production by Toxoplasma extract stimulated spleen cells from MyD88 −/− and MyD88 +/+ BALB/c mice 13 days postinfection. (biomedcentral.com)
As expected, IFN-γ + CD4 + T cells decreased from an avg 29% to 9% in WT mice compared to IL-12 -/- mice respectively when infected with T. gondii . (aai.org)
We found that the triple deficient '3d' mice, which lack functional UNC93B1, are hyper-susceptible to infection with Toxoplasma gondii. (elsevierpure.com)
Nevertheless, infection of reciprocal bone marrow chimeras between wildtype and 3d mice with T. gondii demonstrated a primary role of hemopoietic cell lineages in the enhanced susceptibility of UNC93B1 mutant mice. (elsevierpure.com)
therefore, a global overview of T. gondii strain mortality in mice is presented here. (ucm.es)
Genotype I of T. gondii is most virulent for mice, inducing extensive parasite dissemination and sudden murine death. (springer.com)
Immunisation of mice with the recombinant viruses did result in induction of specific antibody responses showing that the approach had some efficacy and would be worth pursuing with the long term aim of producing a safe and effective vaccine against T. gondii tissue cysts in food animals. (europa.eu)
Methods: C57BL/6 mice were pre-exposed by pharyngeal administration of SWCNT (80 + 80 mug/mouse) for two consecutive days followed by intravenous injection with either 1x103 or 1x104 green fluorescence protein and luciferase-expressing T. gondii tachyzoites. (cdc.gov)
Results: There were no differences in parasite distribution between mice only inoculated with T. gondii or those mice pre-exposed for 2 days to SWCNT before parasite inoculum. (cdc.gov)
Conclusions: Taken together, our data indicate that pre-exposure to SWCNT does not enhance or suppress the early immune response to T. gondii in mice. (cdc.gov)

Maternal Anti- Toxoplasma Treatment during Pregnancy Is Associated with Reduced Sensitivity of Diagnostic Tests for Congenital Infection in the Neonate. (sutterhealth.org)
Pregnant women can pass the infection to a fetus(called congenital infection), and infected babies can have birth defects, loss of vision, seizures, intellectual disability, and other abnormalities. (msdmanuals.com)
In neonates, the inflammation is usually caused by congenital viral, bacterial, or protozoal infections. (medscape.com)
Congenital toxoplasma and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection are the most common etiologies in this age group. (medscape.com)
Although CMV is the most common congenital infection in the developed world, affecting approximately 1% of all infants born in the United States, only 10% of all infants born in the United States with congenital CMV infection have symptomatic disease at birth, including chorioretinitis. (medscape.com)
Approximately 1 to 2 cases of congenital toxoplasma occur per 10,000 children born. (glowm.com)
Antibody formation elicited in response to the parasite converts the parasite from the trophozoite to the tissue cyst form, and the parasite no longer circulates in blood to cause congenital infection. (glowm.com)

Thalassemia patients, probably due to repeated blood transfusion and consequently, immune deficiency, are at risk of transmitting Toxoplasma infection more than healthy people. (ac.ir)
Immunosuppression resulting from HIV places a patient at risk for infection from organisms that are otherwise relatively mildly hazardous and that would normally be cleared by a competent immune system. (medscape.com)
Most glomerular diseases associated with infection are mediated by immune complexes. (medscape.com)
These initial results indicate that TFF3 is involved in the immune pathology of T. gondii infection-induced intestinal inflammation. (akjournals.com)
Alterations in immune response to particular T. gondii strains were observed. (springer.com)
The project focussed on the development and testing of recombinant virus vectors to deliver T. gondii antigens in vivo to stimulate specific protective immune responses. (europa.eu)
[2] Hosts can fight infections using their immune systems . (wikipedia.org)
Overview of Immunodeficiency Disorders Immunodeficiency disorders involve malfunction of the immune system, resulting in infections that develop and recur more frequently, are more severe, and last longer than usual. (msdmanuals.com)
In addition, animal-associated infections (caused by, for example, Toxoplasma gondii , Listeria monocytogenes ) have been reported in people at increased risk because of deficiencies in the normal immune response as a result of immunosuppressive drugs, cancer or HIV infection. (who.int)
Pulmonary exposure to single-walled carbon nanotube s does not affect the early immune response against Toxoplasma gondii. (cdc.gov)

During 2014-2015, a total of 408 sera were collected from healthy household dogs and tested for L. infantum and T. gondii infection using commercial ELISA kits. (aaem.pl)
These samples were analysed for anti-T. gondii (IgG and IgM) and CD4+ T-cell count using ELISA and flow cytometry, respectively. (mmj.mw)
In this study, the infection status of Toxoplasma gondii was measured by ELISA method at the Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, and University of Indonesia. (azerbaijanmedicaljournal.net)
toxoplasma gondii Antibody Binding, Immunogen in Sandwich Elisa, lateral-flow tests, and other immunoassays of toxoplasma gondii infection test. (genemedi.net)

Pregnant women infected with T. gondii can transmit the infection to their fetus through vertical transmission resulting in abortion, fetal abnormalities and death [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Some experts suggest waiting for 6 months infected with the parasite for the under-cooked meat and even by handling raw after a recent infection to become pregnant. (cdc.gov)
Spiramycin can treat infection in the pregnant mother. (medlineplus.gov)
Contact your provider if you are pregnant and think you are at risk for the infection. (medlineplus.gov)
Women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant can be tested to find out if they are at risk for the infection. (medlineplus.gov)
The seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM was 29.4% and 4.4%, respectively, among HIV-seropositive pregnant women and 28.1% and 3.1%, respectively, among HIV-seronegative women. (mmj.mw)
In this study, the seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM did not differ in HIV-seropositive or HIV-seronegative pregnant women. (mmj.mw)
Do the placental barrier, parasite genotype and Toll-like receptor polymorphisms contribute to the course of primary infection with various Toxoplasma gondii genotypes in pregnant women? (springer.com)
Histopathological examination was done for 9 pregnant women who tested positive by the latex agglutination test but we found no evidence of toxoplasma infection. (who.int)
Our knowledge of parasitic in- some gynaecologists extend the period of fection extends into antiquity, and descrip- therapy for the whole pregnancy, thus sub- tions of parasites and parasitic infections jecting pregnant women and their fetuses are found in the earliest writings and have to the side-effects of these drugs. (who.int)
Many European countries now have implemented universal antenatal screening, but the infection is less common in the United States and American pregnant women are not routinely screened for susceptibility. (glowm.com)

T. gondii infects humans through different routes, and it is capable of invading a wide range of tissues in the human body following the infection. (mdpi.com)

The detection threshold of the nPCR on mouse brain suspension artificially infected with the RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii was 10 tachyzoites/ml. (usp.br)
The specificity of LAMP outer primers for the T. gondii detection was confirmed by sequencing the purified PCR product. (ac.ir)
Sotiriadou I, Karanis P. Evaluation of loop-mediated isothermal amplification for detection of Toxoplasma gondii in water samples and comparative findings by polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence test (IFT). (ac.ir)
Challenging loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique for molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii. (ac.ir)
Detection methods for T. gondii are not designed for large scale water collection. (popsci.com)
Detection of HIV-1 and HCV infections among antibody-negative blood donors by nucleic acidamplification testing. (medigraphic.com)

Toxoplasma gondii , a major zoonotic pathogen, possess a significant genetic and phenotypic diversity that have been proposed to be responsible for the variation in clinical outcomes, mainly related to reproductive failure and ocular and neurological signs. (ucm.es)

Pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine can treat a fetal infection (diagnosed during the pregnancy). (medlineplus.gov)
Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in women with recurrent fetal loss from the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. (bvsalud.org)
In women with a bad obstetric history (BOH), infection is an established cause of recurrent fetal loss. (bvsalud.org)
During pregnancy, the important protective role of the placenta against maternal-fetal T. gondii transmission has been reported. (springer.com)
The latter compartment was suggested to act as the real barrier to the fetal dissemination of T. gondii . (springer.com)
310 women, 77.4% of whom had had single or multiple fetal loss, for evidence of infection. (who.int)
Fetal infection occurs only during the acute phase of infection, when T. gondii in maternal blood are transported to the placenta and fetus. (glowm.com)
We present a case of a third trimester pregnancy with fetal distress necessitating cesarean section that demonstrated maternal, placental, and infant infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant/B.1.1.7. (cdc.gov)

BACKGROUND: The parasitic protozoa Toxoplasma gondii is widely prevalent in humans and warm-blooded animals. (ac.ir)
Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most common parasitic infections of humans and warm-blooded vertebrates. (ac.ir)
Toxoplasma gondii is a single-celled parasite of all warm-blooded hosts worldwide. (usda.gov)
Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most successful parasites worldwide, able to infect all warm blooded animals and people. (europa.eu)

Our work suggests that latent infection with the toxoplasma gondii parasite may change brain chemistry in a fashion that increases the risk of aggressive behavior," said senior study author Emil Coccaro, MD, the Ellen C. Manning Professor and Chair of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience at the University of Chicago. (infectioncontroltoday.com)

Genotypes of T. gondii isolated from pig tissues in Serbia to date are ToxoDB#1 (archetype II) and ToxoDB#2 (archetype III). (journalmeattechnology.com)
Livestock reared for food consumption may have T. gondii cysts in their tissues which pose a risk to people consuming meat from infected animals. (europa.eu)

Toxoplasma gondii is a parasite that is found in approximately 30 % of the human population. (bvsalud.org)

In terms of anti- Toxoplasma IgM antibody, 3.4% of thalassemia patients and 2.1% of healthy individuals were positive, which the difference was not statistically significant ( P =1). (ac.ir)
Based on SAG1-LAMP, 9.78% of the thalassemia patients and 5.95% of healthy controls were positive for T. gondii DNA, which the difference was not statistically significant ( P ≤0.230). (ac.ir)
For many years before the development of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), these infections inflicted significant morbidity and mortality on patients living with AIDS. (medscape.com)
Prevention of opportunistic infections (OI) in patients with HIV has since significantly reduced morbidity and mortality in these patients. (medscape.com)
[ 2 ] Patients should be aware of their CD4 count and their risk for specific infections and should begin ART. (medscape.com)
[ 3 ] As observed in patients with hemophilia who experienced presumed transfusion-related transmission during the 1980s to 1990s, OI generally developed an average of 7 to 10 years after initial HIV infection. (medscape.com)
Glomerulonephritis associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection has become recognized as a more severe manifestation, which is 3 times more common in older patients in developed countries. (medscape.com)
Occult HCV infection has been detected in 30%-50% of patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, FSGS, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-positive vasculitis, and membranoproliferative GN (MPGN). (medscape.com)
4] Chorioretinitis can also result from a dissemination of parasitic infections like Toxocara or Baylisascaris (the raccoon roundworm) in immunocompetent patients. (medscape.com)

At PAMF-TSL, whenever a case of acute toxoplasma infection was serologically diagnosed, the PAMF-TSL medical consultant routinely requested screening of additional family/household members for T. gondii infection. (cdc.gov)
TSL and diagnosed with acute toxoplasma infection was considered to be the IC for this particular family/household. (cdc.gov)
For example, a patient with a recent self-limited acute varicella-zoster infection may develop diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (DPGN), wherease a subacute Epstein-Barr infection lasting weeks or months may result in collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (cFSGS) or membranous glomerulopathy (MN). (medscape.com)
INTRODUCTION: Definitive vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been rarely reported. (cdc.gov)

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoa (single-cell infectious organisms) present worldwide wherever there are cats. (msdmanuals.com)

In contrast, genotype II causes non-fatal infection with much less tachyzoite dissemination [ 7 ]. (springer.com)
Trophozoites then develop and multiply within cells, leading eventually to rupture and death of the cell and further dissemination of T. gondii . (glowm.com)
The dissemination of T. gondii was monitored by in vivo bioluminescence imaging in real time for 7 days and by plaque formation. (cdc.gov)

Evidence of exposure to seven zoonotic infections, namely Trichinella spp. (nih.gov)
The study shows in general that the suburban semirural area is at highest risk of zoonotic infections compared with other areas. (who.int)
The results could form a rational basis for the planning of an integrated comprehensive approach for control of zoonotic infections in the areas surveyed. (who.int)

The severity of clinical disease in congenitally-infected infants is inversely related to the gestational age at the time of primary maternal infection with first-trimester maternal infection, leading to more severe manifestations (Hill and Dubey, 2002). (ac.ir)

However, babies with mild infections may not have symptoms for months or years after birth. (medlineplus.gov)
Most people who've contracted T. gondii show no signs or symptoms. (healthline.com)
The signs and symptoms of an infection depend on the type of disease. (wikipedia.org)
As bacterial and viral infections can both cause the same kinds of symptoms, it can be difficult to distinguish which is the cause of a specific infection. (wikipedia.org)
Usually, the infection does not cause symptoms, but some people have swollen lymph nodes, fever, a vague ill feeling, and sometimes a sore throat or blurred vision and eye pain. (msdmanuals.com)
Most infections cause few or no symptoms. (msdmanuals.com)

In this project we are interested to develop a vaccine using selected T. gondii antigens and explore the efficacy of delivering the vaccine using viral vectors. (europa.eu)
The project achieved the successful preparation of recombinant viral contructs using both pox viruses and lentiviruses expressing selected T. gondii antigens. (europa.eu)

Cats are the main reservoir of T. gondii because they are the only hosts that can excrete the resistant stage (oocyst) of the parasite in the feces. (usda.gov)
In the United States, T. gondii can be found in cat feces. (healthline.com)
It's possible to contract T. gondii when you're exposed to contaminated cat feces. (healthline.com)
Infection occurs when people unknowingly ingest toxoplasma cysts from cat feces or eat contaminated meat. (msdmanuals.com)
People acquire the infection by transferring the parasite's eggs from an object contaminated with infected cat feces to the mouth or by eating contaminated food. (msdmanuals.com)

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of L. infantum and T. gondii infection in household dogs in Shanghai, which shows that these two important parasites are still prevalent in this region. (aaem.pl)

Toxoplasma strains have a complex population structure. (nature.com)
There are three main types of Toxoplasma strains (I, II, and III) in North America and Europe. (nature.com)
Toxoplasma strains in South America are more genetically diverse than those in North America and Europe. (nature.com)
Toxoplasma gondii has a highly clonal genetic structure classified into three major genetic types, I, II, and III, plus additional recombinant and atypical strains. (springer.com)
Since the induction of IL-12 during type II infection was Myd88-dependent, the involvement of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the immunity against these strains was suggested. (springer.com)

about Toxoplasma and pregnancy. (cdc.gov)
Problems are worse if the infection occurs in early pregnancy. (medlineplus.gov)
Maternal and perinatal infection in pregnancy: bacterial. (medlineplus.gov)
The later in pregnancy that infec- bad obstetric history by comparing the ag- tion occurs, the more likely it is that the fe- glutination test, the enzyme-linked immun- tus will be infected but the less severe the ofluorescent assay for toxoplasma-specific illness will be [ 6 ]. (who.int)
Further, tests to detect toxoplasma infection during pregnancy have improved and become more reliable. (glowm.com)

Photomicrographs of blood samples from swine evaluated for evidence of Mycoplasma suis infection via scanning electron microscopy (A and B) and compound microscopy (C and D). In panel A, an M suis (arrow) organism is attached to the surface of an erythrocyte in a blood sample from an infected pig. (avma.org)

Tissue cysts form in the tissue of infected animals within a week of infection. (glowm.com)

According to the result, edible parts of sheep may play a greater role as a source of infection for individuals living in this area. (ac.ir)
The infections that share common ecological minimum sample size required was calcu- and epidemiological characteristics in lated in each area so that the proportion of terms of source of infection and modes of each infection was determined with type I transmission. (who.int)

They used modelling of T. gondii spread to provide a computational glimpse of how this pathogen may end up from cat to otter. (popsci.com)
Clearly, this study does offer is a glimpse into the mechanism behind the rise of T. gondii in otters and how humans have contributed to pathogen spread. (popsci.com)

The involvement of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TLR genes in infectious pathogenicity, including toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis, points at a possible involvement of TLR alterations in immunity against T. gondii . (springer.com)
Up to 38% of women in the United States have immunity against T. gondii 1 from a prior infection. (glowm.com)

Measurements of Toxoplasma (Dye), Toxoplasma Differential Agglutination, and Toxoplasma (Avidity) were dropped from the previous 2 years of NHANES. (cdc.gov)

The protective role mediated by UNC93B1 to T. gondii infection was associated with impaired IL-12 responses and delayed IFNc by spleen cells. (elsevierpure.com)
Lung and spleen histology and inflammation markers in BAL fluid reflected the effects of SWCNT exposure and T. gondii injection, respectively. (cdc.gov)
However, co-localization of T. gondii with CD11c or F4/80 positive cells could not be observed in lungs or spleen. (cdc.gov)

Notably, in macrophages infected with T. gondii, UNC93B1 accumulates on the parasitophorous vacuole. (elsevierpure.com)
Furthermore, upon in vitro infection the rate of tachyzoite replication was enhanced in nonactivated macrophages carrying mutant UNC93B1 as compared to wild type gene. (elsevierpure.com)
Altogether, our results reveal a critical role for UNC93B1 on induction of IL-12/IFNc production as well as autonomous control of Toxoplasma replication by macrophages. (elsevierpure.com)
Macrophages are pivotal in coordinating a range of important processes in the intestines, including controlling intracellular infections and limiting damaging inflammation against the microbiota. (frontiersin.org)

In recent years, several studies aimed at developing a safe and effective T. gondii vaccine have been conducted. (nature.com)

To further understand the role of TFF3 in the protection of intestinal epithelium, we tested the influence of TFF3 in a murine Toxoplasma gondii -induced ileitis model. (akjournals.com)

[1] An infectious disease , also known as a transmissible disease or communicable disease , is an illness resulting from an infection. (wikipedia.org)
An infection is not synonymous with an infectious disease, as some infections do not cause illness in a host. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy8

Organisms13

Diseases14

Chemicals and Drugs16

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment11

Phenomena and Processes9

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science1

Named Groups1

Health Care5

Geographicals5

Toxoplasmosis40

Antibodies11

Parasite Toxoplasma gondii4

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii5

Intracellular parasite2

Protozoan3

Virulence2

Relationship between the seroprevalence1

Serotyping of Toxoplasma3

Diagnosis2

Oocysts4

Pathogens5

Prevalence6

Serological2

Chronic6

Determine the seroprevalence2

Antigen1

Mice15

Congenital7

Immune10

ELISA4

Pregnant11

Infects1

Detection6

Major zoonotic1

Fetal8

Warm-blooded4

Latent infection1

Tissues2

Approximately 301

Patients9

Acute4

Protozoa1

Dissemination3

Zoonotic infections3

20021

Symptoms6

Antigens2

Feces5

Parasites1

Strains5

Pregnancy5

Mycoplasma1

Tissue cysts1

Source of infection2

Pathogen2

Immunity2

Differential agglutination1

Spleen3

Macrophages4

Vaccine1

Murine1

Infectious disease2