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ToxoplasmaToxoplasmosis, AnimalToxoplasmosisAntigens, ProtozoanAntigensProtozoan InfectionsProtozoan ProteinsAntigens, BacterialAntigens, SurfaceAntigens, NeoplasmDNA, ProtozoanAntibodies, ProtozoanToxoplasmosis, CerebralAntigens, ViralGenes, ProtozoanEukaryotaToxoplasmosis, CongenitalToxoplasmosis, OcularCiliophoraHost-Parasite InteractionsRNA, ProtozoanApicomplexaProtozoan VaccinesAntiprotozoal AgentsMolecular Sequence DataAntigens, Polyomavirus TransformingHLA AntigensProtozoan Infections, AnimalImmunoglobulin GAntigens, FungalAntigens, CDGenome, ProtozoanNeosporaEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayAntigens, HelminthH-2 AntigensAmino Acid SequenceMice, Inbred BALB CImmunoglobulin MParasitesOocystsCarcinoembryonic AntigenCoccidiostatsSulfadiazineAntigens, Viral, TumorAntibodies, MonoclonalEntamoeba histolyticaTrypanosoma cruziCoccidiosisHLA-DR AntigensReceptors, Antigen, T-CellLeishmaniaGiardia lambliaEpitopesPregnancy Complications, Parasitic
ToxoplasmosisRecombinantGiardiaAntibodiesParasitesSeroprevalenceLeishmaniaCryptosporidiumAnti-ToxoplasmaGondii tachyzoitesDiagnosisAntibodyNeosporaApicomplexaIntestinalIntracellularSpeciesBacteriaPathogenAscarisTheileriaDendritic cellsAssayAutoimmuneGra6CoinfectionCharacterizationChronicSolubleEimeriaParasite'sPlasmodiumParasite burdenIsolatesSpecificGenesPhylumAssaysCytokineSerumImmune systemMicroscopicProteinCystsUnicellularInflammationFindingsExposure
Toxoplasmosis12
  • Water was the suspected vehicle of Toxoplasma gondii dissemination in a toxoplasmosis outbreak in Brazil. (cdc.gov)
  • We investigated a large toxoplasmosis outbreak in which the exposure to known sources of Toxoplasma gondii infection was assessed. (cdc.gov)
  • CNS toxoplasmosis Toxoplasmosis is infection with Toxoplasma gondii . (merckmanuals.com)
  • Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by a single-celled protozoan parasite known as Toxoplasma gondii. (um.edu.my)
  • Toxoplasmosis, a common parasitic disease, is caused by Toxoplasma gondii , which infects approximately 30% of the world's population. (nature.com)
  • These data demonstrated that ME49Δ cdpk3 inoculation induced effective cellular and humoral immune responses against acute and chronic Toxoplasma infections with various strains and was a potential candidate to develop a vaccine against toxoplasmosis. (nature.com)
  • The above characteristics of Toxoplasma strains pose great challenges to the control of toxoplasmosis. (nature.com)
  • Thus, the development of an effective toxoplasmosis vaccine is critical for limiting the infection of various Toxoplasma strains. (nature.com)
  • Toxoplasma gondii variant influences clinical profile in human congenital and ocular toxoplasmosis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Blood samples were obtained to detect antibodies for T. gondii and Leishmania spp.The immunofl uorescence antibody test (IFAT) was performed, according to the method described by Camargo 7 , which used whole Leishmania major-like promastigote and the RH strain of T. gondii as the antigen for the diagnosis of leishmaniasis and toxoplasmosis, respectively. (scite.ai)
  • Serum from mouse orally ingested with tissue cyst forming strain (Me49) of Toxoplasma gondii was assayed by Western blot and immunofluorescene assay (IFA) to establish early responses in antigenicity of the parasite in mouse model of foodborne toxoplasmosis. (koreamed.org)
  • The protozoan, Toxoplasma gondii , is one of the world's most common parasites and is the causative agent of Toxoplasmosis. (becomingjessi.com)
Recombinant7
  • Field Evaluation of Recombinant Antigen ELISA in Detecting Zoonotic Schistosome Infection Among Water Buffaloes in Endemic Municipalities in the Philippines. (obihiro.ac.jp)
  • Development and evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on recombinant TgSRS2 for serodiagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection in cats. (obihiro.ac.jp)
  • A plant-based recombinant antibody against Toxoplasma antigen may offer a potential approach in developing strategies to produce such molecules. (um.edu.my)
  • Recombinant Eimeria Protozoan Protein Elicits Resistance to Acute Phle" by Brian B. Gowen, Donald F. Smee et al. (usu.edu)
  • We evaluated recombinant Eimeria antigen (rEA) as a potential immunotherapeutic agent in mouse and hamster models of acute phleboviral disease. (usu.edu)
  • 14- A Cloned Antigen (Recombinant K39) of Leishmania donovani Diagnostic for Visceral Leishmaniasis in Human. (edu.iq)
  • Advances in understanding underlying immune mechanisms are feasibale using a variety of candidate antigens, including attenuated live parasites, crude antigens, pure or recombinant Leishmania proteins, Leishmania genes encoding protective proteins, as well as immune system activators from the saliva of parasite vectors. (ac.ir)
Giardia2
  • If your veterinarian suspects giardiasis, a stool sample may be analyzed for Giardia- specific antigens (cell proteins). (vcahospitals.com)
  • Giardiasis Giardiasis is infection with the flagellated protozoan Giardia duodenalis ( G. lamblia , G. intestinalis ). (msdmanuals.com)
Antibodies3
  • Overall, the study proposes a potentially useful expression platform for production of anti-Toxoplasma scFv antibodies. (um.edu.my)
  • The adaptive immune system, discovered by Paul Ehrlich, involves the production of circulating antibodies that can provide long lasting, systemic immunity that is specific to antigens expressed by a given pathogen. (aacrjournals.org)
  • They stated though that a larger and more diverse number of cases were needed to to see if the findings (presence of antibodies against the surface antigens of the parasite) are reproducible. (becomingjessi.com)
Parasites9
  • Notable exceptions include various species of Vibrio and Legionella bacteria and protozoan parasites such as the free-living amoebae Naegleria and Acanthamoeba . (nationalacademies.org)
  • Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most prevalent zoonotic protozoan parasites worldwide and affects the vast majority of warm-blooded animal species, including humans. (chemnews-japan.com)
  • the major helminth parasites found in wild, semi-wild and golden sovereign stock guinea fowl were heterakis gallinarum, ascaridia galli, capillaria caudinflata, raillietina tetragona and r. echinobothrida, while eimeria species was the most important gastro-intestinal protozoan parasite. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Toxoplasma gondii coinfection can modify host immune responses and the severity and spread of other parasites. (ac.ir)
  • This WP aims to explore key components regulating gene expression in Toxoplasma, Plasmodium and Leishmania and their infected host cells and to gain insight on non-canonical mechanisms governing gene regulation in protozoan parasites. (labex-parafrap.fr)
  • To understand the diverse mechanisms of protozoan motion and its role in the molecular process sustaining invasion of cells and tissues, we will investigate the role of surface parasite proteins during the invasion process of Toxoplasma and Plasmodium (intracellular parasites) with a major goal toward the characterization of the moving junction, a unique structure powered by the parasite to propel itself into the host cell. (labex-parafrap.fr)
  • Other examples of protozoan parasites that can cause enteric (intestinal) disease are Coccidia , Cryptosporidia, and Toxoplasma . (vcahospitals.com)
  • are protozoan parasites that cause zoonosis, are distributed worldwide, and affect domestic and wild animals and humans. (scite.ai)
  • Leishmaniasis is caused by protozoan Leishmania parasites that are transmitted through female sandfly bites. (ac.ir)
Seroprevalence2
  • Seroprevalence of antibody to TgGRA7 antigen of Toxoplasma gondii in livestock animals from Western Java, Indonesia. (obihiro.ac.jp)
  • Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Farm Animals in West Kordofan, and Blue Nile states, Sudan. (obihiro.ac.jp)
Leishmania3
Cryptosporidium3
  • Nullscript inhibits Cryptosporidium and Toxoplasma growth. (obihiro.ac.jp)
  • Cryptosporidiosis Cryptosporidiosis is infection with the protozoan Cryptosporidium . (msdmanuals.com)
  • Occasionally, large foodborne and waterborne outbreaks of intestinal protozoan infection have occurred in the US (eg, the multi-state outbreak of Cyclospora cayetanensis infection attributed to contaminated fresh vegetable trays in 2018 and the massive waterborne Cryptosporidium outbreak in Milwaukee in 1993). (msdmanuals.com)
Anti-Toxoplasma1
  • Thus, in this study, anti-Toxoplasma scFv antibody genes were introduced into the pCambia1304 vector and transformed into Musa acuminata cv. (um.edu.my)
Gondii tachyzoites1
  • Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites (Giemsa stain). (medscape.com)
Diagnosis3
  • Diagnosis requires specific growth media, serologic or urine antigen. (merckmanuals.com)
  • 17- Diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii in Women by Dipstick Dye Immunoassay (DDIA). (edu.iq)
  • Alternative methods of diagnosis have been proposed in other species, including assay of serum antigen-specific IgE and gastroscopic food sensitivity testing. (vin.com)
Antibody3
  • Antibody bound to worm tegumental antigen causes shedding of the bound complex in ~20 minutes at 37 o C [ 503 ]. (nanomedicine.com)
  • Some bacteria also shed bound antigen-antibody immune complexes [ 1737 ]. (nanomedicine.com)
  • Different conditions were optimized, including: coupling of the antigen to the magnetic beads, antigen concentration, secondary antibody conjugation type and concentration, serum sample dilution and buffer composition. (fu-berlin.de)
Neospora1
  • The value of molecular characterisations and comparisons between species is well illustrated by the close phylogenetic relationship between Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii. (uky.edu)
Apicomplexa2
Intestinal3
  • Giardiasis is an intestinal infection in humans and animals caused by a microscopic protozoan. (vcahospitals.com)
  • 1-Prevalence of intestinal protozoa among childrens in primary school of Wasit province. (edu.iq)
  • Intestinal protozoa are spread by the fecal-oral route, so infections are widespread in areas with inadequate sanitation and water treatment. (msdmanuals.com)
Intracellular2
  • This obligate intracellular protozoan causes significant economic losses and poses serious public health challenges worldwide. (nature.com)
  • Toxoplasma gondii ( T. gondii ) is a common zoonotic intracellular parasite capable of infecting almost all warm-blooded animals, including humans 1 . (nature.com)
Species2
  • Babesiosis Babesiosis is infection with Babesia species of protozoa. (merckmanuals.com)
  • African Trypanosomiasis Human African trypanosomiasis is infection with protozoa of the species Trypanosoma brucei , transmitted by the bite of a tsetse fly. (msdmanuals.com)
Bacteria2
  • This chapter describes basic principles of ecology and evolution for waterborne viruses, bacteria, and protozoa (and yeasts and molds to a lesser extent) of public health concern as an aid to better understand how selective forces may alter one's ability to assess the microbial quality of water. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Viruses like rubella, cytomegalovirus (CMV), varicella zoster, HIV and parvovirus, bacteria like syphilis, and protozoans like toxoplasma and malaria are all transmitted via the placenta, while herpes simplex virus (HSV) and group B streptococcus (GBS) usually ascend through the genital tract and infect the fetus. (jpgo.org)
Pathogen2
  • We generated a CD8 T-cell receptor (TCR) transnuclear (TN) mouse specific to the Ld -restricted immunodominant epitope of GRA6 from Toxoplasma gondii as a source of cells to facilitate further investigation into the CD8 T-cell-mediated response against this pathogen. (figshare.com)
  • They are exceptionally efficient at antigen presentation and also adept at generating just the right type of T cells in response to a given pathogen. (aacrjournals.org)
Ascaris1
  • Host immune response to Toxoplasma gondii and Ascaris lumbri-coides in an endemic area: Evidence of parasite co-immunomodulation proper-ties influencing the outcome of both in-fections. (ac.ir)
Theileria2
  • Cocktail of Theileria equi antigens for detecting infection in equines. (obihiro.ac.jp)
  • We will characterize the role of Phosphoinositides in protein trafficking to specific organelles of Toxoplasma and the role of autophagy in survival and development of T. gondii and Theileria (imaging, genomics, proteomic and functional analysis). (labex-parafrap.fr)
Dendritic cells3
  • After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dendritic cells (DC) are responsible for initiating all antigen-specific immune responses. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Upon completion of this activity, the participant should understand the critical roles of dendritic cells in guiding host immune responses, and the details of how they mature, process, and present antigens. (aacrjournals.org)
Assay1
  • A commercial assay of cat antigen-specific IgE in serum is now available, but the sensitivity and specificity of the assay have not yet been determined. (vin.com)
Autoimmune3
  • Their role in antigen cross-presentation and cancer immunotherapy as well as initiators of immune response and targets of autoimmune attack was also reported. (eg.net)
  • Importantly, DCs also help guide the immune system to respond to foreign antigens while avoiding the generation of autoimmune responses to self. (aacrjournals.org)
  • His research focuses on what provokes relapses and remissions in multiple sclerosis (MS), and on the quest for antigen specific therapy in autoimmune disease. (neuroimmune.org)
Gra64
  • Adoptively transferred Gra6 TN CD8 T cells proliferated upon Toxoplasma infection in vivo and exhibited an activated phenotype similar to host CD8 T cells specific to Gra6. (figshare.com)
  • The brain of Toxoplasma-infected mice carried Gra6 TN cells already at day 8 post-infection. (figshare.com)
  • Both Gra6 TN mice as well as adoptively transferred Gra6 TN cells were able to significantly reduce the parasite burden in the acute phase of Toxoplasma infection. (figshare.com)
  • Overall, the Gra6 TN mouse represents a functional tool to study the protective and immunodominant specific CD8 T-cell response to Toxoplasma in both the acute and the chronic phases of infection. (figshare.com)
Coinfection1
  • which suggested coinfection by these two protozoa in the same animal. (scite.ai)
Characterization2
  • Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii glyoxalase 1 and evaluation of inhibitory effects of curcumin on the enzyme and parasite cultures. (obihiro.ac.jp)
  • 21- Antigenic Characterization of Human Isolates of Toxoplasma gondii. (edu.iq)
Chronic1
  • Infection with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii causes chronic infection and inflammation in the brain parenchyma. (escholarship.org)
Soluble1
  • Soluble adult worm antigen preparation (SWAP) triggers release of cytokine IL-10 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from both healthy and infected individuals [ 505 ], and the IL-10 then suppresses lymphoproliferative responses to SWAP by 90-100% [ 504 ]. (nanomedicine.com)
Eimeria1
  • A protein antigen from an Eimeria protozoan has recently been reported to induce antitumor activity in mice. (usu.edu)
Parasite's1
  • Writing last week for Scientific American , Yale School of Medicine research fellow Jack Turban waded into the controversy surrounding cat ownership, Toxoplasma gondii , and the parasite's alleged role in mental illness- asking (and answering) the question , "are cats really to blame for psychotic behavior? (voxfelina.com)
Plasmodium3
  • mice injected intravenously with a commercially available extract of coxiella burnetii prepared for use as the antigen in the complement fixation diagnostic test for q fever were subsequently resistant to infection with babesia microti, babesia rodhaini, and plasmodium vinckei petteri. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Using Toxoplasma and Plasmodium as paradigms, we will characterize, quantify and model the interactions between key epigenetic regulators and chromatin components, upon parasite differentiation, cellular stress and during monoallelic expression of surface variant antigens in P. falciparum (high-throughput ChIP-Chip, ChIP-Seq and mass spectrometry techniques). (labex-parafrap.fr)
  • The cis-regulatory elements and trans-acting factors involved in transcriptional and post- transcriptional control of stage conversion will be analyzed in Toxoplasma and Plasmodium (genome-wide analyses, proteomics and genetics). (labex-parafrap.fr)
Parasite burden1
  • In the absence of SPARC, a reduced and disordered fibrous network, increased parasite burden, and reduced antigen-specific T cell entry into the brain points to a role for SPARC in T cell recruitment to and migration within the brain. (escholarship.org)
Isolates1
  • Parasite genotyping represents a challenge due to insufficient amount of genetic material of the protozoan in the host samples, and isolates are hard to obtain, especially from pediatric patients. (frontiersin.org)
Specific3
  • SPARC coordinates extracellular matrix remodeling and efficient recruitment to and migration of antigen-specific T cells in the brain following infection. (escholarship.org)
  • Two sets of primers were used for DNA amplification targeting the specific sequence of a 529 bp repeat element and another set of primers was utilised for the surface antigen protein-1 gene. (chemnews-japan.com)
  • The high level of Toxoplasma -specific IgG was maintained, with mixed IgG1/IgG2a levels. (nature.com)
Genes1
  • Subsequent genomic sequence analysis of multiple genes including elongation factor 3, a component of fungi protein synthesis not found in protozoa, further supported this notion. (medscape.com)
Phylum1
  • Members of the phylum Microsporidia used to be classified as protozoa but are now, based on DNA studies, thought to be fungi or closely related to them. (msdmanuals.com)
Assays1
  • Immunoradiometric assays show that host erythrocyte antigen is lost from adult worm tegument with a half-life of up to 45 hours in vitro and ~5 days in vivo [ 493 ]. (nanomedicine.com)
Cytokine1
  • Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is effective in relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma and results in a unique toxicity profile, namely cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome. (chemnews-japan.com)
Serum1
  • With the second week serum, 34 kDa protein (p34) was detected uniquely, and all antigens of T. gondii were detected with the sera from 3 or 4 weeks. (koreamed.org)
Immune system1
  • Depending on how old a person is when they come into contact with Toxoplasma and the strength of their immune system, the cysts may remain throughout the individual's lifetime. (becomingjessi.com)
Microscopic1
  • stool testing for parasite antigens or DNA and microscopic examination of stool for cysts or organisms are necessary. (msdmanuals.com)
Protein1
  • Our findings suggest that hamsters may lack functional TLR11, which has recently been shown to recognize a profilin-like protein homologous to rEA from the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. (usu.edu)
Cysts1
  • After entering the human body, the protozoan forms cysts within various tissues including the skeletal tissue, the heart, brain, and eyes. (becomingjessi.com)
Unicellular2
  • Protozoa is a loose term for certain nucleated, unicellular organisms (eukaryotes) that lack a cell wall and are neither animals, plants, nor fungi. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In the 1980s, biochemical analysis of the nucleic acid composition of Pneumocystis rRNA and mitochondrial DNA identified the organism as a unicellular fungus rather than a protozoan. (medscape.com)
Inflammation1
  • Within a framework of the gut-brain axis, Dr. Severance will review the role of inflammation, infectious agents, food antigens, gut dysbioses, endothelial barrier instabilities and autoantibody propagation on CNS pathologies such as neurotransmitter receptor hypofunction and complement pathway-mediated synaptic pruning. (neuroimmune.org)
Findings1
  • The findings reveal an association between Toxoplasma gondii infection in seniors subject to a "test battery for measuring memory functions" [1] and certain of those memory functions. (voxfelina.com)
Exposure1
  • Though it does need to be stressed that exposure to Toxoplasma gondii isn't the only possible cause for the development of the tumors. (becomingjessi.com)