• It is well known that the rapid growth of tumor cells and distortion of tumor blood vessels often results in insufficient oxygen supply and acidification in solid tumors. (nature.com)
  • Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a new treatment modality for solid tumors as well as for flat lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. (bioone.org)
  • A total of 54 patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors enrolled on the ALKA-372-001 trial, with a median age of 53 years. (cancernetwork.com)
  • The STARTRK-2 trial was a basket study that included with patients with solid tumors harboring NTRK 1/2/3, ROS1 , or ALK gene fusions. (cancernetwork.com)
  • A pair of studies presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2019 demonstrated encouraging clinical outcomes with two different chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies for patients with advanced solid tumors. (aacr.org)
  • Given the success of CAR T-cell therapies for blood cancers, the most anticipated next step in the field is the development of this type of immunotherapy for solid tumors. (aacr.org)
  • Developing CAR T-cell therapies for solid tumors, however, has been challenging, and researchers in the field have had several failed attempts. (aacr.org)
  • This recent review article summarizes the challenges with developing CAR T-cell therapy for solid tumors and strategies to overcome the hurdles, and lists some of the ongoing clinical trials in which CAR T cells that target tumor antigens, including GD2, CEA, and EGFR, are being currently tested against a variety of solid tumors. (aacr.org)
  • Data presented here at the conference have demonstrated that it is possible to develop CAR T-cell therapies for solid tumors that are not only safe but also yield clinical benefit for patients. (aacr.org)
  • If this approach is successful, 2 million patients with mesothelin-expressing solid tumors per year in the United States will be eligible for this treatment," said Prasad S. Adusumilli, MD , who presented the study. (aacr.org)
  • This article in Cancer Discovery reviews the types of solid tumors that express mesothelin, and the potential of mesothelin-directed CAR T-cell therapy to treat such malignancies. (aacr.org)
  • secondary and exploratory endpoints included overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS) and time to progression (TTP) using modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST) criteria. (eisai.com)
  • In terms of efficacy, all three toxins significantly reduced primary B16-BL6 tumor burden, ranging from 32% to 87% reduction, and they also delayed disease progression as evidenced by dose-dependent normalization of blood work values. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • My research interests are focusing on the activity of tyrosine kinases, targeted inhibitors, effects of ascitic fluid ,and anti-tumour properties of natural food compounds in the progression of advanced ovarian cancer. (otago.ac.nz)
  • Pejorative events were defined as side effects due to therapy, relapse in clinical symptoms, tumor progression, tumor laboratory marker increase, and death. (snmjournals.org)
  • GBM stem-like cells (GSCs) represent a subpopulation of the tumor which is responsible for tumor initiation, progression, and re-growth after chemoradiation [ 5 , 6 ], as well as supporting tumor vessel growth and function [ 7 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Cycles 19 and subsequent cycles- Continue lenalidomide and dexamethasone (without carfilzomib) until unacceptable toxicity or disease progression. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Continue carfilzomib, daratumumab (or daratumumab/hyaluronidase), and dexamethasone until unacceptable toxicity or disease progression. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Receptor tyrosine kinases including EGFR, HER-2 and c-Met and non receptor tyrosine kinase including Jaks are selectively expressed in primary tissue and metastatic tumour of advanced ovarian cancer cells. (otago.ac.nz)
  • Therapeutic options in patients with progressive and disseminated metastatic neuroendocrine gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) tumors are often limited, and prognosis is often poor ( 1 , 2 ). (snmjournals.org)
  • The results from this prevali- the field of cancer biomarkers (11-13), and that approach was dation study showed that patients could be classified into high- adopted here to define predictive serum biomarkers associated versus low-risk groups for developing metastatic breast cancer with tumor relapse in breast cancer patients. (lu.se)
  • Other clinical trials have shown better survival and tumour response with gemcitabine and capecitabine than with gemcitabine alone in advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer. (lu.se)
  • We have previously designed and characterized versions of anthrax lethal toxin that are selectively cytotoxic in the tumor microenvironment and which display broad and potent anti-tumor activities in vivo. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Herein, we report near-infrared light and tumor microenvironment (TME), dual responsive as well as size-switchable nanocapsules. (nature.com)
  • Challenges include finding the right target to direct the T cells, the ability to expand in an often-immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, yielding an effective antitumor response, and avoiding adverse side effects. (aacr.org)
  • More importantly, we show that MESF treatment leads to significant inhibition of tumor growth and a 3-fold increase in the life span of tumor bearing animals compared to untreated tumor mice. (nature.com)
  • Numerous studies have demonstrated marked differ- fects on terminal bronchioles are seen, but effects in ences in toxicity between rats and mice to styrene ex- the nasal olfactory epithelium do occur, although to posure, especially by inhalation. (cdc.gov)
  • mice developed severe liver toxicity, which probably tio is less than 1, while in mouse liver the ratio is about contributed to the cause of death. (cdc.gov)
  • in an inhalation study and only equivocal evidence of metabolism to SO is below the limit of detection in nearly all samples, and the most active sample of lung lung tumors in two of four chronic toxicity/oncogenicity was approximately 100-fold less active than mouse studies by gavage in mice (reviewed in Cruzan et al . (cdc.gov)
  • 2001). No other tumor types were increased in these toxicity in mice and rats, including mouse lung tu- studies in mice. (cdc.gov)
  • 05). (d) Lack of toxicity-dependent weight loss in tumor-bearing mice treated with CPT-TMC. (checkpointsignaling.com)
  • CPT-TMC prolonged survival of tumor-bearing mice Survival of CPT-TMC group was significantly prolonged compared with controls, P (checkpointsignaling.com)
  • 6J mice were challenged with six doses of engineered toxins via intraperitoneal (I.P.) or intravenous (I.V.) dose routes to determine the maximum tolerated dose for six administrations (MTD6) and dose-limiting toxicities. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • mice bearing established tumors were treated with six I.P. doses of toxin and tumor measurements and immunohistochemistry, paired with terminal blood work, were used to elaborate upon the anti-tumor mechanism and relative efficacy of each variant. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The influence of dosage pattern upon the toxicity of Sr90 in mice. (wikipedia.org)
  • Subsequently, we validated positive hits in vitro and in vivo using mice carrying BRCA2-deficient mammary tumors.Results: Three alkylators-chlorambucil, melphalan, and nimustine-displayed strong and specific toxicity against BRCA2-deficient cells. (figshare.com)
  • In in vitro experiments, several vitamins have shown antitumor protective effective against toxicity produced by chemotherapeutic drugs. (jptcp.com)
  • vivo Because CPT-TMC inhibited cell proliferation obviously in vitro, we first examined its effects on tumor cell proliferation by PCNA staining to explore the potential mechanisms of CPT-TMC therapy in vivo. (checkpointsignaling.com)
  • In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc. (cdc.gov)
  • In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc. (cdc.gov)
  • In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. (cdc.gov)
  • In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc. (cdc.gov)
  • Resveratrol shows anti-tumour activities in an in vitro in various tumour types including ovarian cancer. (otago.ac.nz)
  • Titanium dioxide can exist in several crystal structures and some in vitro studies suggested crystal-dependent toxicity (Jiang et al. (cdc.gov)
  • Despite its selective uptake by neuroendocrine tumors, mIBG accumulates in several normal tissues and leads to tissue-specific radiation toxicities. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms governing mIBG transport in cancer and normal cells is a critical step for developing strategies to optimize the efficacy of 131 I-mIBG while minimizing toxicity in normal tissues. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Norepinephrine transporter, organic cation transporters, and multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins play differential roles in tumor targeting, systemic elimination, and accumulation in normal tissues. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Hence, a major goal in cancer drug development and therapy is to increase tumor-specific drug uptake while reducing uptake into normal tissues to minimize toxicities. (aspetjournals.org)
  • a) Tumor sections immunostained with an antibody against PCNA revealed that there were many strongly positive AG-881 nmr nuclei in control tumor tissues, whereas such nuclei were rare in tumor tissues of CPT-TMC-treated group. (checkpointsignaling.com)
  • c) Apoptosis of tumor tissues in different groups were calculated by TUNEL assays, which showed that CPT-TMC induced a significant enhancement of apoptotic cells in contrast to control therapies. (checkpointsignaling.com)
  • On the contrary, small size NPs with a diameter of 4-20 nm easily penetrate into deep tumor tissues, but they are more prone to rapid clearance and insufficient drug retention. (nature.com)
  • Our case studies demonstrate anti-tumor efficacy with limited toxicity to normal tissues," Bauer added. (sciencedaily.com)
  • With the possible exceptions of acute iron toxicity from intentional or unintentional ingestion and suspected lead toxicity , emergency physicians will rarely be alerted to the possibility of metal exposure. (medscape.com)
  • Known positive test for human immunodeficiency virus infection, hepatitis C virus, acute or chronic hepatitis B infection, or any co-morbid disease that would increase risk of toxicity. (knowcancer.com)
  • Toxicity is usually divided into two types, acute or chronic, based on the number of exposures to a poison and the time it takes for toxic symptoms to develop. (ufl.edu)
  • Acute toxicity is due to short-term exposure and happens within a relatively short period of time, whereas chronic exposure is due to repeated or long-term exposure and happens over a longer period. (ufl.edu)
  • Results:Locoregional tumor response, acute and late toxicity, and compliance were the study's endpoints. (who.int)
  • Therefore, anti-tumour properties of natural compounds are intensively investigated. (otago.ac.nz)
  • Hexadecyl-phosphorylcholine (HePC), an alkylphosphorylcholine compound, is the most promising of the new class of anti-tumour agent. (who.int)
  • For this reason, the skin is often exposed to potentially hazardous agents, including chemicals, which may contribute to the onset of a spectrum of adverse health effects ranging from localized damage (e.g., irritant contact dermatitis and corrosion) to induction of immune-mediated responses (e.g., allergic contact dermatitis and pulmonary responses), or systemic toxicity (e.g., neurotoxicity and hepatoxicity). (cdc.gov)
  • Results from experimental animal studies show persistent pulmonary inflammation and lung tumors for both fine and ultrafine TiO 2 in which the dose-response correlated best with particle surface area. (cdc.gov)
  • 2008). However, NIOSH analysis of animal toxicity data revealed that crystal structure did not have an effect on the dose-response relationships between TiO 2 dose and pulmonary inflammation or lung tumor response. (cdc.gov)
  • In preclinical models, tumor cells genetically altered to secrete cytokines or express costimulatory molecules can generate systemic antitumor immunity. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • However, CAR-T cells can also produce some adverse events after treatment of hematological malignancies, such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS), neurotoxicity, and on-target/off-tumor toxicity, which may cause systemic immune stress inflammation, destruction of the blood-brain barrier, and even normal tissue damage. (hindawi.com)
  • mIBG enters cancer cells through the norepinephrine transporter (NET) where the radioactive decay of 131 I causes DNA damage, cell death, and tumor necrosis. (aspetjournals.org)
  • All these ROS induce tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). (cdc.gov)
  • No drugs have been proved to modify the course of the disease, although tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitors (TNHi) and IL-17 inhibitors (IL-17i) appear to have potential as disease-modifying agents. (medscape.com)
  • Precise detection and diagnosis of specific tumor types and disease stages is essential for designing the appropriate and effective regimens for treatment. (aspetjournals.org)
  • 3. Ojima I. Guided molecular missiles for tumor-targeting chemotherapy case studies using the second-generation taxoids as warheads. (jptcp.com)
  • The ability of a tumor to resist chemotherapy treatment following an initial response. (ucsfhealth.org)
  • The intent was to treat all patients because of uncontrolled tumor disease ( n = 21), contraindication to chemotherapy or surgery ( n = 7), or uncontrolled and badly tolerated clinical symptoms ( n = 4). (snmjournals.org)
  • As the major drawback of chemotherapy is the toxicity, cell viability experiments were also performed on fibroblasts. (aiche.org)
  • While target organ toxicity and effective doses were similar amongst the variants, the dual MMP/uPA-activated anthrax lethal toxin exhibited the highest I.P. MTD6 and was 1.5-3-fold better tolerated than the single MMP- and uPA-activated toxins. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • It also is a liver toxin, activating microsomal enzyme systems and causing liver tumors. (encyclopedia.com)
  • 2. Russell-jone G, Mctavish K, Mcewan J, Rice J, Nowotnik D. Vitamin-mediated targeting as a potential mechanism to increase drug uptake by tumors. (jptcp.com)
  • Double vision, especially if it is associated with headache, is a significant symptom of a brain tumor. (diagnose-me.com)
  • before resection of the primary tumor and then postoperatively every 6-12 mo, resulting in three to five samples per patient. (lu.se)
  • The present study was, therefore, carried out to explore the protective potential of CPT-SS-Biotin on DMH-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in colon tumor-bearing rats. (jptcp.com)
  • Where heavy metal toxicity is suspected, time taken to perform a thorough dietary, occupational, and recreational history is time well spent, since identification and removal of the source of exposure is frequently the only therapy required. (medscape.com)
  • Smartly engineered nanocapsules can not only shrink and decompose into small-sized nanodrugs upon drug release but also can regulate the TME to overproduce reactive oxygen species for enhanced synergistic therapy in tumors. (nature.com)
  • This phase I trial studies the side effects and the best dose of wild-type reovirus (viral therapy) when given with sargramostim in treating younger patients with high grade brain tumors that have come back or that have not responded to standard therapy. (mayo.edu)
  • Because 111 In emits short-range electrons that can have significant biologic effects at a cellular level ( 17 - 19 ), radionuclide therapy with a high activity of 111 In-pentetreotide has been used in a few patients with GEP tumors ( 5 , 20 - 30 ). (snmjournals.org)
  • To our knowledge, there are no randomized controlled trials with radionuclide therapy in GEP tumors. (snmjournals.org)
  • We report the results of radionuclide therapy with either 111 In-pentetreotide or 131 I-MIBG in a population of patients with advanced-stage GEP tumors. (snmjournals.org)
  • Recent studies indicate that Pt NPs can be used as a therapy for cancer showing a limited toxicity to healthy cells. (aiche.org)
  • Histologically or cytologically confirmed solid tumor that has recurred after standard therapy, or for which there is no standard therapy. (knowcancer.com)
  • All previous therapy-related toxicities must have resolved or return to baseline. (knowcancer.com)
  • You need to pay attention to these chronic toxicities. (medscape.com)
  • This mini-review focuses on the clinical applications of mIBG in neuroendocrine cancers and the differential roles of NET, OCT, and MATE transporters in mIBG disposition, response and toxicity. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Treatment-related toxicity is frequently a dose-limiting factor and represents a major challenge in clinical management of cancer. (aspetjournals.org)
  • These results have lead to the initiation of numerous Phase I clinical trials employing either genetically modified autologous or allogeneic tumor vaccines. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Overall, these novel studies address important issues that should be considered in the design of clinical trials evaluating genetically modified tumor vaccines. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • In cancer, the development of blood vessels can feed tumors and allow them to grow, and drugs that block angiogenesis are being tested as cancer treatment. (ucsfhealth.org)
  • Transporters on the plasma membrane of tumor cells are promising molecular "Trojan horses" to deliver drugs and imaging agents into cancer cells. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Our data showed the percentage of PCNA-positive cells was 21.4 ± 4.3% in CPT-TMC-treated tumors versus 47.4 ± 9.4% in CPT-treated tumors, 78.8 ± 3.4% in TMC-treated tumors and 81.8 ± 3.1% in NS-treated tumors, respectively (Fig. 4b). (checkpointsignaling.com)
  • It is therefore important to identify alternative compounds that specifically target BRCA deficiency and to test new combination therapies to establish optimal treatment strategies.Experimental Design: We did a high-throughput pharmaceutical screen on BRCA2-deficient mouse mammary tumor cells and isogenic controls with restored BRCA2 function. (figshare.com)
  • Tumor intervention studies combining nimustine and olaparib resulted in recurrence-free survival exceeding 330 days in 3 of 5 animals tested.Conclusions: We generated and validated a platform for identification of compounds with specific activity against BRCA2-deficient cells that translates well to the preclinical setting. (figshare.com)
  • Various biological processes including immunoreaction of infection, tumor prevention, and human aging could cause telomere damage, tumor-related stress responses, and T regulatory (Treg) cells activation, which even trigger T cell senescence showing the distinctive phenotypic and functional alternation [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The fibroblast cell line was less affected by phototoxicity than the tumor cells to a variable degree. (bioone.org)
  • Well-differentiated tumor cells showed higher toxicity than less-differentiated cells. (bioone.org)
  • A virus, called wild-type reovirus, which has been changed in a certain way, may be able to kill tumor cells without damaging normal cells. (mayo.edu)
  • Sargramostim may increase the production of blood cells and may promote the tumor cell killing effects of wild-type reovirus. (mayo.edu)
  • Giving wild-type reovirus together with sargramostim may kill more tumor cells. (mayo.edu)
  • CTAB has been shown as a promising compound against head and neck cancer cells with minimal toxicity against normal fibroblasts, as well as a tumoricidal irritant in colorectal cancer surgery. (rsc.org)
  • Internal radiotherapy uses a specific agent that links to tumor cells, coupled to a radiotracer for electron-dose delivery. (snmjournals.org)
  • GBM stem-like cells (GSCs) present in tumors are felt to be highly tumorigenic and responsible for tumor recurrence. (oncotarget.com)
  • Therefore, new treatment options need to be developed for TNBC with low toxicity to healthy cells. (aiche.org)
  • The results showed no apparent toxicity of Pt NPs for healthy cells in contrast to cisplatin. (aiche.org)
  • In summary this work provides a new treatment for TNBC based on Pt NPs with no apparent toxicity for healthy cells, overcoming one of the major drawbacks of current treatments. (aiche.org)
  • The team also worked to deliver the CAR T cells directly to the tumor site using regional delivery techniques. (aacr.org)
  • The researchers, including the study's senior author Michel Sadelain, MD, PhD , therefore incorporated an Icaspase-9 (inducible caspase-9) safety "suicide" switch that can be activated in a patient's body in case of an unexpected toxicity, to eliminate all CAR T cells. (aacr.org)
  • Third, we performed autoimmune toxicity studies using the RENCA renal and B16 melanoma tumor vaccines and failed to demonstrate evidence of significant histologic or functional abnormalities. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • In vivo experiments demonstrate that these nanocapsules can target to tumor sites through fluorescence/magnetic resonance imaging and offer remarkable therapeutic results. (nature.com)
  • Moreover, in vivo studies confirm that the CTAC@MSNs-HSA are able to induce cancer cell death and efficiently inhibit tumor growth. (rsc.org)
  • dose-dependent GI toxicity. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • No patients experienced dose-limiting toxicities, with grade 3 cognitive disturbance and fatigue being resolved with dose interruption. (cancernetwork.com)
  • The primary end points included dose-limiting toxicities, maximum tolerated dose, recommended phase 2 dose, and overall response rate. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Two dose-limiting toxicities occurred in the trial at a daily dose of 800 mg. (cancernetwork.com)
  • All new pesticides are tested to establish the type of toxicity and the dose necessary to produce a measurable toxic reaction. (ufl.edu)
  • Similarly for other particulate materials, if the toxicity varies by particle size (at the same mass dose), distinct exposure limits for distinct particle size fractions might be a reasonable approach for protecting exposed workers. (cdc.gov)
  • Besides, administration of concentrated extracts of Morinda citrifolia in tumor containing animals increased the immune response of the animals with a concomitant reduction in tumor burden 7 . (nature.com)
  • Toxicity of radiostrontium in carnivores: Current status of the long-term cat and dog experiments. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tumor in these nodes portends a high risk of recurrence. (ucsfhealth.org)
  • Although patients carry heterozygous mutations, their tumors have typically lost the remaining wild-type allele. (figshare.com)
  • This approval marks a significant step forward in expanding treatment options and improving outcomes for patients, particularly those with rare tumors. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Patients were assigned to specific baskets based on tumor type and gene fusion. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Background: The ESPAC-3 trial showed that adjuvant gemcitabine is the standard of care based on similar survival to and less toxicity than adjuvant 5-fluorouracil/folinic acid in patients with resected pancreatic cancer. (lu.se)
  • Toxicity was analysed in all patients who received trial treatment. (lu.se)
  • 10-12 Noticeably, cationic surfactant is more extensively used in tumor treatment than other types of surfactants, such as anionic and nonionic surfactant. (rsc.org)
  • After nine months of daily NO-Cbl treatment, Buddy's tumor shrank by 40 percent and he was going on two mile walks. (sciencedaily.com)
  • MIBG can be labeled with 131 I, which has a long half-time (8 d) and a maximal electron range of about 2.4 mm and is established in the treatment of tumors derived from the neural crest, such as GEP tumors ( 11 ). (snmjournals.org)
  • The treatment was well tolerated with mild and transient toxicity. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The toxicity data of protein kinase inhibitors in humans is also well established [5]. (who.int)
  • sensitive to respiratory tract and hepatic toxicity from are not related to blood levels of styrene or styrene styrene. (cdc.gov)
  • It has also been shown that metformin and phenformin inhibit tumor growth by disrupting mitochondrial complex. (rsc.org)
  • Administration of conjugated CPT significantly ameliorated the toxicity caused by DMH as indicated by improved liver function tests, kidney function tests and hematological tests more efficiently in comparison to CPT alone. (jptcp.com)
  • Malignant gliomas remain aggressive and lethal primary brain tumors in adults. (oncotarget.com)
  • Asbestos Toxicity: How Does Asbestos Induce Pathogenic Changes? (cdc.gov)
  • Toxicity profile of natural compounds are favourable. (otago.ac.nz)
  • This and other pursuits resulted in discoveries in viral-induced tumors and resulted in the molecular biological tool, the FOS gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • At a lung meeting I recently attended, one of the patient advocates who was attending there pointed out how this 1+ toxicity is really disruptive to persons, knowing that they're going to have frequent bowel movements beyond what they normally do, and it really changes their life. (medscape.com)
  • Balancing tumour control probability and toxicity in SBRT of ultra-central lung tumours - One step forward. (bvsalud.org)
  • I'm talking about persistent toxicity of the drug. (medscape.com)
  • toxicity following styrene exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • The seriousness of the exposure depends upon the oral toxicity of the material and the amount swallowed. (ufl.edu)
  • The NIOSH document utilizes a standard risk assessment model in the development of exposure limits which relies on animal toxicity data and modeling to translate those data into exposure limits. (cdc.gov)
  • However, the investigators have not observed any major toxicity with the doses tested in this trial. (aacr.org)
  • Regardless of how one chooses to define the category, heavy metal toxicity is an uncommon diagnosis. (medscape.com)