Toxicity tests subacute. Medical search. Frequent questions

As a result of inorganic arsenic's direct toxicity to the epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract and its systemic enzyme inhibition, profound gastroenteritis, sometimes with hemorrhage, can occur within minutes to hours after ingestion. (cdc.gov)
reported that repeated oral supplementation of an ethanol extract of G. mangostana fruit rind for twenty-eight days did not show systemic toxicity in Sprague Dawley rats, which concluded its safety for human consumption [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
Acute systemic toxicity test (ISO 10993-11:2006). (fdahelp.us)
Knight, J., Hartung, T. and Rovida, C. (2023) "4.2 million and counting… The animal toll for REACH systemic toxicity studies", ALTEX - Alternatives to animal experimentation , 40(3), pp. 389-407. (altex.org)
The NOAEC was identified to be 550 mg/m3 based on the absence of systemic toxicity effects at the highest concentration tested. (europa.eu)
The NOAEC used was 550 mg/m3 based on the absence of systemic toxicity effects at the highest concentration tested. (europa.eu)
Phosphides may be absorbed dermally, especially through broken skin, and can cause systemic toxicity by this route. (cdc.gov)
Phosphine gas produces no adverse effects on the skin or eyes, and contact does not result in systemic toxicity. (cdc.gov)

The mechanism of citrinin toxicity is not fully understood, especially not whether citrinin toxicity and genotoxicity are the consequence of oxidative stress or of increased permeability of mitochondrial membranes. (researchgate.net)
The present communication describes a battery of toxicity studies that include an acute oral toxicity, a subacute twenty-eight-day repeated oral dose toxicity, and genotoxicity studies on a herbal formulation CinDura® (GMCT). (hindawi.com)

Reproductive and developmental toxicity. (fdahelp.us)
With EU legislators set to consider REACH revisions that could expand animal testing, we are releasing results for test categories counted to date: reproductive toxicity tests, developmental toxicity tests, and repeat-ed-dose toxicity tests for human health. (altex.org)
Engineering spatial-organized cardiac organoids for developmental toxicity testing. (harvard.edu)

The study objective was to evaluate the potential toxicity/recovery from a 14-consecutive day (7 days/week), facemask inhalation administration of nebulized xylitol solution in Beagle dogs. (nih.gov)
Acute toxicity testing is used to determine the danger of exposure to a chemical by mouth, skin, or inhalation. (aavs.org)
28-day (subacute) inhalation toxicity study. (europa.eu)
90-day (subchronic) inhalation toxicity study. (europa.eu)
The EU-project GRACIOUS developed an Integrated Approach to Testing and Assessment (IATA) to support grouping high aspect ratio nanomaterials (HARNs) presenting a similar inhalation hazard. (biomedcentral.com)
In this 90-day inhalation study, the repeated dose toxicity of butane-1-thiol was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats. (europa.eu)
Conclusion: Taken together, the inhalation studies confirmed the trend of our previous sub-acute aspiration study, which reported that CoO nanoparticle s induced more acute pulmonary toxicity, while La2O3 nanoparticle s caused chronic inflammatory changes and minimal fibrosis. (cdc.gov)
Inhalation is the major route of phosphine toxicity. (cdc.gov)

Substance specific assessment factor: Subchronic administration of C-1701 B_C_3 resulted in no evident organ toxicity in rats. (europa.eu)
No mortality or evident organ toxicity was observed in an oral repeated dose rat bone marrow micronucleus test (BioReliance, 2012) at the limit dose level of 2000 mg/kg bw as well as in oral subacute and subchronic toxicity studies in rats tested up to 1000 mg/kg bw/day. (europa.eu)
Subacute/Subchronic toxicity. (fdahelp.us)

Chronic toxicity is the easiest one to see as having a speech-parallel. (intellectualtakeout.org)
Sub-acute and chronic toxicity also need to be recognized and avoided, and we are lucky that there's more time to combat those effects. (intellectualtakeout.org)
Toxicity testing is of the following types: acute toxicity studies, sub-acute toxicity studies and chronic toxicity studies. (jpbs-online.com)
Subacute signs and symptoms (onset of days to weeks following ingestion) after a substantial, acute exposure or chronic exposure to limited amounts of thallium might include those of a severely painful ascending neuropathy as well as ataxia, seizures, alopecia, and neurocognitive deficits (1-4). (cdc.gov)
Metronidazole has low chronic toxicity. (janusinfo.se)
Chronic toxicity: There are data for 3 trophic levels, most sensitive Cyanobacteria EC 10 13500 microg/L. (janusinfo.se)

A phospholipid inflammatory mediator, 50 µl were applied intranasally in rats of test and standard groups while control groups intranasally treated with 50 µl of distilled water as single application. (ijpsonline.com)
This present study assessed the toxicity effect of the ethanol leaf extract of PGC in rats. (ajol.info)
The acute oral toxicity test of the polyherbal was evaluated in albino rats using a single-dose based on behavioral changes and mortality. (ajol.info)
Since no human relevant organ specific toxicity has been observed, no additional AF covering toxicodynamic differences between rats and humans is considered necessary. (europa.eu)
The acute oral toxicity study in Wistar rats suggests that the median lethal dose of CinDura® is at least 2000 mg/kg body weight. (hindawi.com)
A twenty-eight-day repeated dose oral toxicity study was conducted in male and female Wistar rats using daily doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight, followed by a fourteen-day reversal period for two satellite groups. (hindawi.com)
The screening is carried according to the method of (Houghton and Raman, 1998) and exploratory tests of subacute oral toxicity are carried in vivo on Wistar albinos rats in accordance with the OECD guidelines (423). (phytojournal.com)
Water: The test solutions were the only sources of water for the rats. (europa.eu)
Sub-acute toxicity of a natural pigment melanin, produced by Antarctic yeast-like fungi Pseudonadsoniella brunnea was studied in rats. (kiev.ua)
The aim of the study was to evaluate the subacute toxicity of melanin in terms of biochemical and pathomorphological changes in the liver of rats. (kiev.ua)
Purpose: To evaluate the acute and sub-acute toxicity profile of the aqueous leaf extract of Nymphaea lotus L in Wistar rats. (edu.ng)
Methods: Acute toxicity study was performed by administering a single oral dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight of the extract to 5 rats while distilled water was given to another 5 rats (control), and the animals were observed for 14 days. (edu.ng)
Subacute toxicity of DWP305 was examined in Sprague-Dawley rats. (koreascience.kr)

However, assessment of this endpoint has been made on acute oral toxicity data of a structural analogue via read-across and the available repeated dose toxicity data for C-1701 B_C_3 in a weight of evidence. (europa.eu)
No repeat dose toxicity data were available for ethanethiol. (europa.eu)

The acute toxicity study of ethanol leaf extract of PGC up to the limit dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight of the animals used did not produce any signs and symptoms of toxic effects or mortality after 48 hrs. (ajol.info)
No acute toxicity study is available for 2-ethoxyethyl (2Z)-2-cyano-2-[3-(3-methoxypropylamino) cyclohex-2-en-1-ylidene]acetate (C-1701 B_C_3). (europa.eu)

Toxicology, mutagenicity, analytical, batch release tests, and other non-clinical studies are just a few of the non-clinical studies for which we provide complete solutions for integrated drug development via PoC / efficacy. (cadilapharma.com)
Our GMP GLP-certified laboratory offers regulatory research in toxicology, mutagenicity and supporting analytical studies following national/international test guidelines i.e. (cadilapharma.com)

Reactions to the exposure of these products vary among species, making it difficult to extract data from animal tests and apply them to situations in which humans are exposed. (aavs.org)
From the data presented in this study, it could be logically inferred that aqueous root extract of H. africana is non-toxic at the tested doses and within the period of exposure. (ijpsr.com)
Textile products and nanotechnologies - Guidance on tests to simulate nanoparticle release - Skin exposure. (europa.eu)
Klimisch score = 2) of 2 -methylpropane-2-thiol has been performed but not used in the derivation of this DNEL because the exposure period was subacute. (europa.eu)
This indication assumes greatest importance when the route of exposure is oral, the formulation tested is identical or highly similar to that consumed by humans, and more than one species show the same or similar toxicity. (nationalacademies.org)
Information about animal exposure to dietary supplement ingredients may be in the form of formal studies such as traditional toxicity studies, safety pharmacology data, or observations from clinical veterinary medicine. (nationalacademies.org)
The guiding principles of toxicity testing is to check the effect of the test substances on laboratory animals and its direct toxic effect on human and secondly, the exposure of laboratory animals to high doses in order to evaluate its possible hazard on human that are exposed to much lower dose. (jpbs-online.com)
A clinically compatible case in which laboratory tests of biologic and environmental samples have confirmed exposure. (cdc.gov)
In this review, we discuss the various factors of BNNT production that can influence its toxicity followed by summarizing the toxicity findings from in vitro and in vivo studies conducted to date, including a review of particle clearance observed with various exposure routes. (cdc.gov)

Our Pre-Clinical unit is an OECD GLP-certified, CPCSEA-registered, and FDCA-approved laboratory, which operates as Contract Research Organization (CRO) and Public Testing Laboratory. (cadilapharma.com)
We offer regulatory solutions related to non-clinical testing of pharmaceutical/biotechnology products, vaccines, cosmetic products, veterinary drugs as well as food additives, feed additives, industrial chemicals and medical devices. (cadilapharma.com)
We describe clinical presentations of neurological toxicity , phases of treatment when these adverse events were more frequent and patients Ì outcome. (bvsalud.org)
Clinical toxicity signs, behavioral changes, hematological and biochemical parameters were then monitored and evaluated. (ijpsr.com)
No deaths or clinical signs of toxicity or behavioral changes were noted. (europa.eu)
These include tests on clinical drugs, foods, and environmental pollutants. (harvard.edu)
The case can be confirmed if laboratory testing was not performed because either a predominant amount of clinical and nonspecific laboratory evidence of a particular chemical was present or the etiology of the agent is known with 100% certainty. (cdc.gov)
The diagnosis of the initial stages of dementia is based mainly on neuropsychological testing and clinical suspicion. (medscape.com)
In the absence of pathognomonic clinical findings or a definitive laboratory test, the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis remains challenging in many patients, and diagnostic criteria emphasize the caveat of 'no better explanation' for a patient's clinical presentation and MRI findings. (medscape.com)

The OECD Test Guidelines Programme develop Test Guidelines and other tools to support countries' needs related to testing and assessment of chemicals for endocrine disrupters. (oecd.org)
The OECD releases the Revised Guidance Document 150 on Standardised Test Guidelines for Evaluating Chemicals for Endocrine Disruption originally published in 2012 and updated in 2018 to reflect new and updated OECD test guidelines, as well as reflect on scientific advances in the use of test methods and assessment of the endocrine activity of chemicals. (oecd.org)
Specific objectives include providing a description of the OECD conceptual framework for evaluating chemicals for endocrine disruption, background on the standardised test methods used, and guidance for interpreting the outcome of individual tests. (oecd.org)
Based on scientific works and research efforts, OECD started to investigate test methods that could be standardised and used in chemicals regulations to detect and characterise hazards posed by endocrine disrupting chemicals. (oecd.org)
The OECD Conceptual Framework for Testing and Assessment of Endocrine Disrupters (as revised in 2012) lists the OECD Test Guidelines and standardized test methods available, under development or proposed that can be used to evaluate chemicals for endocrine disruption. (oecd.org)
OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4. (altex.org)
OECD Test Guideline for testing of chemicals, Section 4: Health Effects, OECD. (ata-journal.org)

So, the present work investigated the subacute toxicity of SC on administering as repeated dose orally for 28 days since to rule whether it might produce toxicity on combining the each ingredient. (ijpsonline.com)
In subacute toxicity studies, orally administered griseofulvin produced hepatocellular necrosis in mice, but this has not been seen in other species. (recallguide.org)
Studies have demonstrated that, in the form of alcoholic extracts, decoctions, and infusions, C. verbenacea exhibits important anti-rheumatic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and healing properties which are related to a protective effect on the gastric mucosa, as well as very low toxicity when orally or topically administered 12-17 . (bvsalud.org)

Unless there is scientific evidence that raises significant doubt regarding the relevance of specific toxicity findings to humans, it is prudent and scientifically appropriate to consider animal studies relevant in evaluating potential human toxicity, especially in the many cases of dietary supplement ingredients where sufficient human data are not available. (nationalacademies.org)

This is where animal toxicity studies come into play. (recnotes.com)
Because dietary supplements are not required to undergo formal animal toxicity testing before marketing, extensive toxicity studies common to drugs and other substances are not likely to exist, but limited amounts of animal data are available in the scientific literature for a number of dietary supplement ingredients. (nationalacademies.org)

The subacute oral toxicity tests of the aqueous extract of Monechma depauperatum (T. Anderson) showed no toxic effect on the biochemical parameters studied up to the 2000 mg/kg dose and became toxic at a dose of 2500 mg/kg. (phytojournal.com)
Toxicity testing employed wide range of test in different species of animals with long term administration of drug, regular monitoring of physiological, biochemical abnormalities and detailed post mortem examination at the end of the trial to detect gross or histological abnormalities. (jpbs-online.com)

Based on the absence of evident organ specific toxicity, an additional AF for interspecies differences other than allometric scaling is not considered necessary. (europa.eu)

various extract forms of stevia have been extensively studied and tested. (stevia.net)
The result of acute toxicity indicates that the combined antisickling polyherbal PGC extract appeared to be safe and non- toxic. (ajol.info)
The objective main of this study is to perform phytochemical screening and to evaluate in vivo the subacute oral toxicity of the aqueous extract of Monechma depauperatum (T. Anderson). (phytojournal.com)
For the acute study, the extract was administered to the animals at single oral graded doses of 1000, 2000 and 5000 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) and subsequently observed for 14 days, while it was given at 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg b.w. once daily for 28 days in the sub-acute testing. (ijpsr.com)
The result revealed that, at a limit dose of 5000 mg/kg b.w., the extract neither had treatment - mediated symptoms of toxicity nor mortality over the 14 days observation period. (ijpsr.com)
Conclusions: These results suggest that the aqueous leaf extract of Nymphaea lotus may be safe for use at the doses tested. (edu.ng)

All available (eco)toxicological data from standardized or non-standardized tests. (oecd.org)
However, to the best of our knowledge, no report is available so far on preclinical toxicological evaluations, including genetic toxicity studies on C tamala leaves. (hindawi.com)

A validation management group for mammalian testing. (oecd.org)
With some notable and important exceptions, the biological factors affecting the capacity of chemical substances to cause toxicity are broadly similar across mammalian species. (nationalacademies.org)

These tests include acute, sub-acute, carcinogenic evaluation and mutagenicity studies. (stevia.net)
Other activities carried out by the IPCS include the development of know-how for coping with chemical accidents, coordination of laboratory testing and epidemiological studies, and promotion of research on the mechanisms of the biological action of chemicals. (inchem.org)
Stability studies of butyl acrylate in water indicated some loss of the test material over a 4-day period (McCollister, et al, 1980). (europa.eu)
Based on the results of preliminary toxicity studies (McCollister, et al, 1980), levels of 0.015, 0.09 and 0.15% were selected as target concentrations. (europa.eu)
Set up and measurements in human health toxicity studies of nanomaterials were covered in most standards issued between 2017-2020. (europa.eu)
Survey results - Analysis of higher tier studies submitted without testing proposals. (altex.org)

Startle reflex, open field test, and forelimb grip reflex performance data also revealed no treatment-related findings. (europa.eu)
Macroscopic examination on the organs of tested animals showed no abnormal findings. (koreascience.kr)
Radiographic findings or tests conducted on noninvasive samples or lung tissue can be used as biomarkers. (cdc.gov)

There are sufficient existing safety data as well as in vitro alternatives to make animal testing for cosmetic and household products obsolete. (aavs.org)
Nanotechnologies - Use and application of acellular in vitro tests and methodologies to assess nanomaterial biodurability. (europa.eu)
The material from each step isscreened using acellular and in vitro assays for evaluating general toxicity, mechanisms of toxicity, and macrophage function. (cdc.gov)

Citrinin H1 is produced out of two citrinin molecules and its toxicity is increased compared to the original toxicity of citrinin. (wikipedia.org)

The analytical quality testing including thin layer chromatography study and antimicrobial analyses were done in our previous work has been reported [ 4 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
A preclinical study demonstrated that CinDura®-supplemented Swiss albino mice had improved grip strength and swimming performance in a forced swim test. (hindawi.com)
This data is being read across from the source study that tested decane based on analogue read across. (europa.eu)
One of the first stages of such development is the study of melanin toxicity. (kiev.ua)
The study of subacute toxicity lasted 14 days. (kiev.ua)
Here we present a case-study testing the applicability of GRACIOUS IATA to form an evidence-based group of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) posing a similar predicted fibre-hazard, to support read-across and reduce the burden of toxicity testing. (biomedcentral.com)
Guideline 407, Repeated Dose 28-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents 2003. (ata-journal.org)

In the test, a substance is placed in one eye, with the other eye serving as a control. (aavs.org)
Substance specific assessment factor: No relevant adverse organ toxicity was observed. (europa.eu)
An array of tests used to determine the toxicity of a substance to living systems. (harvard.edu)

The testing requirements for new substances would be increased to production amounts of 1 ton to improve innovation, but without a significant loss of protection. (ecopa.eu)
Application of grouping reduces the need to assess toxicity on a case-by-case basis and supports read-across of hazard data from substances that have the data required for risk assessment (source) to those that lack such data (target). (biomedcentral.com)
Animal testing provides invaluable information about the potential for ingested substances to cause harm in humans. (nationalacademies.org)

In addition, we recorded any short-term health symptoms and conducted an employee breathing test to measure the amount of air exhaled in one second by blowing into a tube during pre-shift, mid-day, and post-shift. (elcosh.org)
Testing sexually active adolescent girls for chlamydial infection should be routine during gynecologic examination, even if symptoms are not present. (cdc.gov)

The Conceptual Framework is intended to provide a guide to the tests available which can provide information for endocrine disrupters' assessment but is not intended to be a testing strategy. (oecd.org)
2004). Animal testing and alternative approaches for the human health risk assessment under the proposed new European chemicals regulation. (altex.org)

additional laboratory testing as indicated. (cdc.gov)
2008]. See " Laboratory Tests " in this section for more details. (cdc.gov)
Our Public testing laboratory offers testing of drugs specified in schedule C & C(1) - parenteral preparation for Pyrogen & Toxicity Testing. (cadilapharma.com)
Medical records , laboratory -tests and images were reviewed. (bvsalud.org)

John H. Draize, Ph.D., a scientist at the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), developed the Draize eye test in 1944 to assess eye irritation caused by various chemicals. (aavs.org)
Acute dermal and eye irritation tests in New Zealand white rabbits indicate that the test item is nonirritant to the skin and eyes. (hindawi.com)
Evidence of irritation of the nonglandular mucosa of the stomach was observed, but was considered an artifact of the dosing method and not attributed to the inherent toxicity of the test material. (europa.eu)

The CinDura®-supplemented animals did not show any sign of toxicity on their body weights, organ weights, and on the hematobiochemical parameters. (hindawi.com)

The toxicity of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) has been the subject of conflicting reports, likely due to differences in the residuals and impurities that can make up to 30-60% of the material produced based on the manufacturing processes and purification employed. (cdc.gov)
Four BNNTs manufactured by induction thermal plasma process with a gradient of BNNT purity levels achieved through sequential gas purification, water and solvent washing, allowed assessing the influence of these residuals/impurities on the toxicity profile of BNNTs. (cdc.gov)

WHO is not responsible, and does not accept any liability, for the testing of pesticides for compliance with the specifications, nor for any methods recommended and/or used for testing compliance. (who.int)
As a result, animal-based testing methods continue to fail legitimate human needs, while new discoveries in the field of alternatives have led to new and improved techniques that do not involve live animals. (aavs.org)
Unfortunately, many companies remain resistant to changing their testing techniques and U.S. agencies, like the FDA, continue to endorse animal testing methods as the gold standard. (aavs.org)
It is stated on several occasions in the White Book that the use of non-animal test methods will be maximised and test programmes minimised while the development of new non-animal test methods will be encouraged. (ecopa.eu)
However, an important criticism remains that there is no clear and realistic strategy present on how this will be done, in particular avoiding animal testing in favour of using alternative methods. (ecopa.eu)
She felt that the founding of such an independent non-governmental organisation (NGO), wanting to play a crucial role in the development, promotion and application of alternative methods to the use of experimental animals in research and regulatory testing came at the right time and at the right place. (ecopa.eu)
The curriculum provides an in depth understanding of environmental chemistry, pollution issues, toxicity of pollutants, methods for waste treatment and environmental law. (njit.edu)

Brevity of the DASS-21 would save time and effort used for filling the questionnaire and support comprehensive assessments by allowing the inclusion of more measures on test batteries. (preprints.org)

Patients who have been exposed to arsenic in whom toxicity is suspected should undergo a thorough medical evaluation. (cdc.gov)

The cytotoxicity and mechanism of screening clustered with the purity grade of BNNTs, illustrating that greater purity of BNNT corresponds to greater toxicity. (cdc.gov)

Test results showed 1 % degradation in 28 days. (janusinfo.se)

The document is not proscriptive but provides suggestions for possible next steps in testing (if any) which might be appropriate for a regulatory authority to take, given the various data scenarios. (oecd.org)

Prof. Rogiers welcomed the participants and explained the need for the workshop and the potential impact and consequences of the White Paper for a New EU Chemicals Policy regarding additional animal testing which according to some estimates could reach up to 12.6 million animals over the next twenty years. (ecopa.eu)
Dr. Vogelgesang, DG Environment, explained that the EU Chemicals Policy is not a testing programme but essentially an effort to gather the necessary information on chemicals that is quite often readily available within industry and authorities. (ecopa.eu)
The EU's chemicals regulation, REACH, requires that most chemicals in the EU be evaluated for human health and ecosystem risks, with a mandate to minimize use of animal tests for these evaluations. (altex.org)
Limit test for Lead Lead is a most undesirable impurity in medical compounds and comes through the use of sulphuric acid, lead-lined apparatus and glass bottles use for storage of chemicals. (recnotes.com)
Putative adverse outcome pathways for female reproductive disorders to improve testing and regulation of chemicals. (harvard.edu)

Test guideline 412. (europa.eu)
Test guideline 413. (europa.eu)

Overall, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of the herbal blend is 1000 mg/kg body weight, the highest tested dose. (hindawi.com)

Only in those cases where insufficient data is available would testing be required involving a minimum of animals. (ecopa.eu)

The count of neutrophils was reduced significantly in test group compared with control along absence of eosinophil. (ijpsonline.com)

Toxicity testing is paramount in the screening of newly developed drugs before it can be used on humans. (jpbs-online.com)

Also, the results of the bacterial reverse mutation test and the erythrocyte micronucleus assay in mouse bone marrow suggest that CinDura® (GMCT) is neither mutagenic nor clastogenic. (hindawi.com)

Lower oral dosage levels have not been tested. (recallguide.org)

Because of the high prevalence of coinfection with C. trachomatis among patients with gonococcal infection, presumptive treatment for chlamydia of patients being treated for gonorrhea is appropriate, particularly if no diagnostic test for C. trachomatis infection will be performed (see Gonococcal Infections). (cdc.gov)

Control Administration (FDCA), Gujarat for carrying out biological Pharmacopoeia test/batch release tests on various products. (cadilapharma.com)
In accordance with the method of administration practised in the clinic, an intragastric route via an elastic gastric catheter was used for administration of Melanin test sample. (kiev.ua)

Exclusion of a NF from a group does not mean that it is not hazardous, but rather it's hazard potential is not sufficiently similar to, or driven by the same mechanism of toxicity as, other NFs which align with the grouping hypothesis. (biomedcentral.com)

Toxicity Tests" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)

Bacterial Endotoxin Test or LAL test. (fdahelp.us)

Organisms4

Chemicals and Drugs2

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment8

Phenomena and Processes2

Disciplines and Occupations1

Systemic8

Genotoxicity2

Developmental toxicity3

Inhalation8

Subchronic3

Chronic6

Rats13

Dose toxicity data2

Acute toxicity study2

Toxicology2

Exposure9

Clinical9

OECD7

Orally3

Human toxicity1

Animal toxicity2

Biochemical2

Specific toxicity1

Extract6

Toxicological2

Mammalian2

Studies6

Findings3

Vitro3

Citrinin1

Study7

Substance3

Substances3

Symptoms2

Assessment2

Laboratory4

Irritation3

Organ1

Impurities2

Methods7

Assessments1

Undergo1

Cytotoxicity1

Degradation1

Regulatory1

Chemicals5

Guideline2

Adverse1

Data1

Absence1

Humans1

Bone marrow1

Dosage1

Diagnostic1

Administration2

Mechanism1

Descriptor1

Bacterial1