• Radon Toxicity: Who Is at Risk of Radon Exposure? (cdc.gov)
  • Identify the estimated risk of lung cancer from radon exposure for persons who smoke cigarettes as compared with those who have never smoked. (cdc.gov)
  • Everyone is exposed to radon, but some populations described in the literature are at higher risk of exposure to increased radon levels. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition, some populations are more at risk of adverse health effects from radon exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • The risk of lung cancer from radon exposure is estimated at between 10 to 20 times greater for persons who smoke cigarettes as compared with those who have never smoked. (cdc.gov)
  • Theory holds that everyone is at risk from radon exposure, and this health risk increases linearly with dose. (cdc.gov)
  • The added risk is unclear regarding medical exposure, which can exceed that from radon. (cdc.gov)
  • An invaluable tool for decision makers who need to assess risk versus benefits of low-level exposure during decontamination projects. (radpro.com)
  • The primary outcome was the risk of sudden death within 14 days of exposure to one of three antibiotics (erythromycin, clarithromycin, or azithromycin), relative to cefuroxime. (ices.on.ca)
  • Posters were presented from current research conducted in Europe, the United States, and Canada, displaying projects related to genomics, toxicity testing, exposure science, and the interpretation of biomonitoring data. (cefic-lri.org)
  • ONTOX will deliver a generic strategy to create innovative new approach methodologies to predict systemic repeated dose toxicity effects that, when combined with tailored exposure assessment, will enable human risk assessment. (fhi.no)
  • Late intestinal toxicity after radiotherapy (LITAR) for abdominal or pelvic cancers, resulting from exposure of the nontarget bowel area and irreversible progression of lesions, could not be averted even by the most advanced radiation techniques [ 6 - 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Researchers used data on soil lead content to inform their analysis of the contributing factors to lead exposure risk around Philadelphia. (upenn.edu)
  • Taken together, this means that poorer homeowners may lack the funds to maintain and make needed repairs to their homes, leaving them at risk of a variety of related health issues, including exposure to lead. (upenn.edu)
  • That analysis underscored the link between housing code violations and demolition of older homes to higher lead-exposure risks. (upenn.edu)
  • In one piece of work, scientists from Penn and Haverford developed a lead index, identifying the areas of Philadelphia at highest risk of lead exposure. (upenn.edu)
  • Anyone can develop mercury toxicity as a result of mercury exposure. (epnet.com)
  • Vitamin D toxicity is usually caused by large doses of vitamin D supplements - not by diet or sun exposure. (emojicut.com)
  • In addition to monitoring and treating participants for an overreactive immune response, including high levels of cytokine release, the guidance recommends that first-in-human trials and trials of products that have had limited experience in humans consider using staggered enrollment in order to minimize exposure to unacceptable toxicities. (centerwatch.com)
  • Although there are many potential sources of exposure to mercury and its compounds, most people can be reassured that they are at low risk of mercury toxicity. (bpac.org.nz)
  • Excessive sun exposure doesn't cause vitamin D toxicity. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Once the risk of hazardous exposure has been identified and the mechanism of toxic eff ects has been elucidated, an ultimate decision about how to reduce exposure can be made. (nih.gov)
  • A particularly high risk of exposure to hazardous chemicals is associated with the use of pesticides in agriculture, especially the use of organophosphorous pesticides (OP), which are the most widely and commonly used insecticides worldwide. (nih.gov)
  • The cytogenetic markers of DNA damage have become very popular and useful in providing an analytical data for risk assessment, such as internal exposure doses and early biological eff ects of both occupational and environmental exposure to pesticides. (nih.gov)
  • Unintended intravascular or intrathecal injection may be associated with systemic toxicities, including CNS or cardiorespiratory depression and coma, progressing ultimately to respiratory arrest. (nih.gov)
  • The aim of this study is to evaluate the dosemetric parameters and acute toxicity of dose-escalated whole pelvis (WP) Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) prostate boost following neoadjuvant and concomitant with androgen deprivation therapy in high-risk prostate cancer patients. (scirp.org)
  • The Proctitis and frequency were the commonest acute toxicity and were maximal during the 5th week of radiation therapy. (scirp.org)
  • FDA notified healthcare professionals that Xanodyne Pharmaceuticals has agreed to withdraw propoxyphene, an opioid pain reliever used to treat mild to moderate pain, from the U.S. market at the request of the FDA, due to new data showing that the drug can cause serious toxicity to the heart, even when used at therapeutic doses. (implantsutra.com)
  • By inputting the dog's weight in kilograms into the calculator, it estimates the toxic and serious toxicity doses in grams. (worldanimalfoundation.org)
  • By calculating the toxic and serious toxicity doses using your dog's weight in kilograms, you can better understand the potential risk of onion ingestion and seek appropriate veterinary care if necessary. (worldanimalfoundation.org)
  • Public health practitioners, poison center staff members, and clinicians should be aware of the potential for renal or other unusual toxicities in users of SC products and should ask about SC use in cases of unexplained AKI. (cdc.gov)
  • For high risk prostate cancer, the treatment volumes and even dose levels are still a controversial issue. (scirp.org)
  • Drawing the dose volume histograms (DVHs) was done for planning target volumes (PTVs), including Prostate PTV & nodal PTV, and organs at risk including rectum, bladder, femoral heads, and bowel bag for the plans. (scirp.org)
  • Dose escalation in two phases utilizing Simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) combined with ADT in high risk prostate cancer patient is feasible and associated with acceptable acute GI and GU toxicity. (scirp.org)
  • Hence, there is increased interest in radiation dose escalation combined with androgen deprivation in high risk prostate cancer patients [6] [7]. (scirp.org)
  • An ongoing GETUG-AFU-18 phase III trial is evaluating the impact of dose escalation in combination with 3-year androgen deprivation treatment on 5-year biochemical or clinical control in high-risk prostate cancer patients [8]. (scirp.org)
  • Late intestinal toxicity after radiotherapy (LITAR) not only limits the radiation dose, which subsequently leads to unfavorable clinical outcomes, but also significantly lowers the quality of life in an increasing number of cancer survivors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Taking a higher dose than prescribed, or taking your benzo more frequently than prescribed, can increase your risk of overdose. (therecoveryvillage.com)
  • To determine the onion toxicity dose for your dog, you should find out your dog's weight first. (worldanimalfoundation.org)
  • People who take prescription-strength vitamin D are at risk for vitamin D toxicity due to the high dose of the medication unless they check their levels periodically. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • In the first study, published in 2021 in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health , the researchers used geospatial tools to develop a lead-toxicity-risk index that identified eight ZIP codes, mainly in North and West Philadelphia, as the most burdened by lead toxicity. (upenn.edu)
  • The DVH analysis showed good coverage of PTVs and organs at risk doses were acceptable. (scirp.org)
  • FDA concluded that the safety risks of propoxyphene outweigh its benefits for pain relief at recommended doses. (implantsutra.com)
  • The dog onion toxicity calculator is a valuable tool that helps dog owners assess the potential risk of onion ingestion based on their dog's weight. (worldanimalfoundation.org)
  • Vitamin D toxicity, also called hypervitaminosis D, is a rare but potentially serious condition that occurs when you have excessive amounts of vitamin D in your body. (emojicut.com)
  • Vitamin D toxicity (hypervitaminosis D) happens when you have too much vitamin D in your body. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • The fat-soluble vitamins A and D are the most likely to cause toxicity symptoms if you consume them in high amounts. (emojicut.com)
  • Unlike lead toxicity, gadolinium produces its own symptoms, such as skin disorders and runaway production of fibroblast cells, leading to thickening such as the disease scleroderma. (womensinternational.com)
  • On the day of the procedure, if GI symptoms, such as severe nausea, vomiting, retching, abdominal pain, and bloating, are present, clinicians should consider delaying the elective procedure and discuss the risks of the potential risks for aspiration. (medscape.com)
  • But if the patient has no symptoms and has not held their GLP-1 agonist, you should proceed with what the anesthesiologists call the "full stomach" precaution, which considers patients at potentially high risk for aspiration. (medscape.com)
  • What are the symptoms of vitamin D toxicity? (clevelandclinic.org)
  • The symptoms of vitamin D toxicity are mainly due to hypercalcemia. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Over the years, efforts to close knowledge gaps in ecological toxicity and risk have aided in the development of appropriate site-specific risk assessments. (serdp-estcp.org)
  • The emergence and rapid development of new tools for biomonitoring and toxicity testing can provide a significant opportunity to improve our ability to perform risk assessments. (cefic-lri.org)
  • According to the European Medicines Agency guideline on environmental risk assessments for pharmaceuticals (EMA/CHMP/SWP/4447/00),vitamins, electrolytes, amino acids, peptides, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids proteins, vaccines and herbal medicinal products are exempted because they are unlikely to result in significant risk to the environment. (janusinfo.se)
  • Any ingredient in a multiple vitamin supplement can be toxic in large amounts, but the most serious risk comes from iron or calcium. (emojicut.com)
  • Tested on fathead minnows - an organism often used to test the effects of toxicity on aquatic life -- nanosilver suspended in solution proved toxic and even lethal to the minnows. (thefishsite.com)
  • Silver nitrate is a lot more toxic than nanosilver, but when nanosilver was sonicated, or suspended, its toxicity increased tenfold," said Maria SepĂșlveda, an assistant professor of forestry and natural resources whose findings were published in the journal Ecotoxicology. (thefishsite.com)
  • The International Council of Chemical Associations Long-Range Research Initiative (ICCA-LRI) has sponsored a workshop to stimulate innovative approaches to the assessment of risk, with emphasis on research, development, and application of advanced methods, on communication of the data generated by these new tools, and on understanding the relevance of the data for human health. (cefic-lri.org)
  • 3. Risk assessment - In light of these technological advancements, identifying how the science of risk assessment needs to be modernized to better inform public health decision making. (cefic-lri.org)
  • Data gaps, as identified by AI, will be filled by targeted state-of-the-art in vitro and in silico testing.The 6 NAMs will be evaluated and applied in collaboration with industrial and regulatory stakeholders in order to maximise end-user acceptance and regulatory confidence.This is anticipated to expedite implementation in risk assessment practice and to facilitate commercialisation. (fhi.no)
  • Methadone's lipophilicity contributes to unpredictable pharmacokinetics with high rates of interpatient variability and unfortunately there is little data to support the development of an accurate risk assessment in patients receiving treatment. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • Despite there being a valid and reliable risk assessment tool, there are known risk factors for QTc prolongation to be aware of with methadone therapy. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • The article describes the usefulness and the limitations of these biomarkers in biomonitoring studies of populations exposed to pesticides, with regard to the main routes of uptake and different matrices, which can be used to monitor risk assessment in occupational settings. (nih.gov)
  • For instance, the number of mission or chemical additive in most of the products on the market today, need to texted with comprehensive study on the toxicity assessment done to determine the effects of this drug on the individual. (writingscentre.com)
  • This risk assessment is not all the time, so explicit, however, it faces a number of limitations that do not get it to reach its optimal potential. (writingscentre.com)
  • Is there a magic formula that divers can use to ascend at the end of dives to minimize their risk of decompression illness (DCI), and what are the costs of ascending too quickly? (xray-mag.com)
  • 2. Advanced technologies - Evaluating the applications of advanced methods in toxicity testing/molecular screening using genomics and high-throughput testing/screening in the context of systems biology. (cefic-lri.org)
  • It is apparent that identification of toxicity predictors that can be used to predict and prevent treatment -related toxicity will require thinking beyond germline genomics . (bvsalud.org)
  • Thus, to study whether valence state and oxygen vacancy concentration are important in CeO2 toxicity, CeO2 nanoparticle s were doped with gadolinium to adjust the cation (Ce, Gd) and anion (O) defect states. (cdc.gov)
  • Introduction - Digoxin is commonly prescribed to elderly patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation, and macrolide antibiotics markedly increase the risk of digoxin toxicity. (ices.on.ca)
  • In a Phase III trial, The Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) showed improved progression-free survival (PFS) for high-risk prostate cancer patients treated with Whole Pelvis Radiation Therapy (WPRT) compared with prostate-only radiation therapy (PORT) [4]. (scirp.org)
  • You want actual patients being treated by doctors as they normally would, without any strict criteria excluding certain people who are at high risk of anything, and follow them through. (ophthalmologytimes.com)
  • Therefore, identifying clinical risk factors for LITAR is important for establishing a predictive model in the clinical setting of decision-making for these patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This review aims to systematically summarize and clarify the clinical factors that can be potentially associated with an increased risk of moderate/severe LITAR in patients with abdominal or pelvic malignancies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There is no doubt that radiotherapy accompanied by other therapeutic modalities has greatly contributed to increased long-term survival rates for these patients, although treatment-associated toxicities are commonly found [ 4 - 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Patients who develop drug toxicity should be advised to avoid the drug in the future. (medscape.com)
  • FDA recommends that healthcare professionals stop prescribing and dispensing propoxyphene-containing products to patients, contact patients currently taking propoxyphene-containing products and ask them to discontinue the drug, inform patients of the risks associated with propoxyphene, and discuss alternative pain management strategies. (implantsutra.com)
  • Occasionally patients may present to primary care expressing concern about mercury toxicity, or requesting testing following their own research. (bpac.org.nz)
  • The causes of variation in toxicity to the same treatment regimen among seemingly similar patients remain largely unknown. (bvsalud.org)
  • This integrated biomarker discovery approach may circumvent some of the major limitations in toxicity biomarker science and move precision oncology treatment forward so that patients receive maximum treatment benefit with minimal toxicity . (bvsalud.org)
  • Additionally, V 12Gy and V 14Gy volumes and values for seven prospective toxicity variables were recorded for 100 meningioma patients after Gamma Knife radiosurgery. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Will pharmacogenetics allow better prediction of methotrexate toxicity and efficacy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis? (bmj.com)
  • Pregnancies in patients who are on oral vitamin K1 treatment for brodifacoum toxicity are high-risk pregnancies. (cdc.gov)
  • Pregnant patients on oral vitamin K1 should be referred for high-risk pregnancy management and follow-up. (cdc.gov)
  • More than 600 drugs are known to cause pulmonary toxicity, and illicit drugs are well-known to result in pulmonary toxicities. (medscape.com)
  • We then discuss the opportunities for discovering non-genomic (e.g., metabolomic , lipidomic , transcriptomic, proteomic, microbiomic, medical, behavioral, environmental) and integrated biomarkers that may be more strongly predictive of toxicity risk and the potential challenges with translating integrated biomarkers into clinical practice. (bvsalud.org)
  • There was tremendous optimism that the patient 's germline genome would be strongly predictive of treatment -related toxicity and could be used to personalize treatment and improve therapeutic outcomes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Objective The goal of this study was to explore conceptual benefits of characterizing delineated target volumes based on surface area and to utilize the concept for assessing risk of therapeutic toxicity in radiosurgery. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Acute grade 1 toxicity for Gastrointestinal (GI) and Genitourinary (GU) were 65% and 35% respectively, while Grade 2 toxicity was 30% for both. (scirp.org)
  • The hazardous compound is also associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, chest pain, and scratchy throat as well as diarrhea, weakness, headache, and malaise. (naturalpedia.com)
  • Which vitamin toxicity is most common? (emojicut.com)
  • Vitamin D toxicity is rare and unlikely to develop from multivitamin use. (emojicut.com)
  • Is vitamin A toxicity common? (emojicut.com)
  • Reported incidences of vitamin A toxicity are quite rare, with fewer than 10 cases per year from 1976 to 1987[2]. (emojicut.com)
  • In some cases, vitamin D toxicity can result in kidney injury and even kidney failure. (emojicut.com)
  • What is Vitamin K toxicity? (emojicut.com)
  • Vitamin K toxicity is extremely rare. (emojicut.com)
  • If you take too much supplemental or prescription vitamin D, it can lead to vitamin D toxicity. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Vitamin D toxicity usually isn't life-threatening, but it can be quite harmful to your health. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Vitamin D toxicity typically only happens from taking too much of a vitamin D supplement or prescription medication. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • How common is vitamin D toxicity? (clevelandclinic.org)
  • What causes vitamin D toxicity? (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Vitamin D toxicity most often results from taking too much prescription-strength vitamin D or too much of an over-the-counter vitamin D supplement. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Consuming too much vitamin D from your diet alone very rarely leads to vitamin D toxicity. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • What are the risk factors for vitamin D toxicity? (clevelandclinic.org)
  • How is vitamin D toxicity diagnosed? (clevelandclinic.org)
  • How is vitamin D toxicity treated? (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Treatment for vitamin D toxicity mainly involves lowering the level of calcium in your blood. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • How can I prevent vitamin D toxicity? (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Previous toxicology studies have presented conflicting results as to the extent of CeO2 toxicity, which is hypothesized to be due to the ability of Ce to exist in both a +3 and +4 valence state. (cdc.gov)
  • If the information is sufficient, results will be synthesized by a meta-analysis with the random effects model to pool the estimate of risk posed by clinical factors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This review will summarize the evidence of clinical risk factors for moderate/severe LITAR. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The diagnosis of drug-mediated pulmonary toxicity is usually established based on clinical findings. (medscape.com)
  • However, there has been limited success in discovering robust pharmacogenetic predictors of treatment -related toxicity and even less progress in translating the few validated predictors into clinical practice. (bvsalud.org)
  • This commentary describes the limited success in discovering and translating clinical and pharmacogenetic toxicity predictors into clinical practice. (bvsalud.org)
  • Give you corticosteroids and bisphosphonates (medications) in cases of severe toxicity to block bone resorption. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Hematologic toxicity including neutropenia and severe anemia have been associated with the use of zidovudine. (drugs.com)
  • This session addressed the ecological toxicity and risk of PFAS, and PFAS-free firefighting formulations on avian, aquatic, and terrestrial species. (serdp-estcp.org)
  • NPs may undergo different environmental processes in the aquatic system, consequently changing their mobility, bioavailability, and toxicity to organisms. (mdpi.com)
  • The purpose of this white paper is to articulate the issues pertaining to Tier 3 toxicity values and provide recommendations on processes that will improve the transparency and consistency of identifying, evaluating, selecting, and documenting Tier 3 toxicity values for use in the Superfund and Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) programs. (epa.gov)
  • The FDA expects early-phase CAR T-cell therapy trials to focus primarily on the risks of toxicity, according to a new draft guidance that also addresses manufacturing and preclinical considerations in developing CAR T-cell therapies. (centerwatch.com)
  • The guidance also urges sponsors to establish limits for increasing dosage, recommending criteria for high levels of cytokine release, allergic reactions to cell infusion, organ toxicity and autoimmune toxicity. (centerwatch.com)
  • This white paper will be used to assist regional risk assessors in selecting Tier 3 toxicity values as well as provide the foundation for future regional and national efforts to improve guidance and policy on Tier 3 toxicity values. (epa.gov)
  • Washington, DC -Long-term use of latanoprost (Xalatan, Pfizer) does not increase the risk of corneal toxicity when compared with other glaucoma medications, according to data from a 5-year post-marketing surveillance study. (ophthalmologytimes.com)
  • However, our results are promising as there are no substitute medications for treating liver toxicity. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Bone marrow suppressive/cytotoxic agents: May increase the hematologic toxicity of zidovudine. (drugs.com)
  • The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recognizes that communities of color and low-income populations are at a higher risk of lead poisoning. (upenn.edu)
  • In view of these findings, the detection of populations at risk constitutes a very important topic. (nih.gov)
  • Conclusion - This finding reinforces the cardiovascular safety of macrolide antibiotics in a high-risk population. (ices.on.ca)
  • Dr. Hickey warns that the treatment is temporary because the underlying lead toxicity problem is not resolved simply by using magnesium. (womensinternational.com)
  • We illustrate the evolution of cancer toxicity biomarker discovery and translation through studies of taxane-induced peripheral neuropathy , which is one of the most common and debilitating side effects of cancer treatment . (bvsalud.org)
  • Two authors will independently review the abstract and full text of retrieved studies, extract data from eligible studies and assess the risk of bias. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The second study, published earlier this year in GeoHealth , took a finer-scale look at some of those at-risk communities, using census tract data. (upenn.edu)
  • Likewise, the data sheet recommends that work spaces install adequate ventilation to reduce the risk of direct chemical contact. (naturalpedia.com)
  • Risk of environmental impact of glucosamine cannot be excluded, due to the lack of environmental toxicity data. (janusinfo.se)
  • Toxicity: No data. (janusinfo.se)
  • Certain benzos, including etizolam, flualprazolam and flubromazolam, have not been approved for medical use and have a high overdose risk . (therecoveryvillage.com)
  • When it comes to overdose risk , benzos can either be used alone or combined with other drugs, like opioids. (therecoveryvillage.com)
  • Taking a benzo with an opioid can significantly increase your overdose risk. (therecoveryvillage.com)
  • These estimates can change based on factors that influence a population group's risk. (cdc.gov)
  • The effect of identified risk factors will be displayed in forest plots. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Two papers led by a group at the University of Pennsylvania explore how factors such as household income, building age, building code violations, proximity to former lead smelters, and other factors align with lead-toxicity risk, as evidenced by elevated blood-lead levels in children 6 years old and younger and lead content in soil samples from around the city. (upenn.edu)
  • To that end, we propose an integrated biomarker discovery approach that recognizes that a patient 's toxicity risk is determined by the cumulative effects of a broad range of "omic" and non-omic factors. (bvsalud.org)
  • Which two vitamins pose the greatest risk of toxicity? (emojicut.com)
  • Evolution of predictive risk factor analysis for chemotherapy-related toxicity. (bvsalud.org)
  • If not well controlled, this kind of toxicity will definitely lead to more detrimental consequences to both human health directly and indirectly. (writingscentre.com)
  • Binge drinking and associated health risk behaviors among high school students. (medscape.com)
  • In 2008 and 2010 the Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR) provided scientific advice to the Commission on smokeless tobacco products and tobacco additives. (who.int)
  • The findings underscore the role of economic and racial disparities when it comes to lead toxicity. (upenn.edu)
  • Dr. Hickey specifically warns about lead toxicity. (womensinternational.com)
  • Fortunately, society has moved away from these major sources of lead toxicity. (womensinternational.com)
  • If the waist measurement is larger, this is an indicator of metabolic syndrome and an indicator of lead toxicity. (womensinternational.com)
  • [ 4 ] can lead to escalating use of the drug and increased toxicity. (medscape.com)
  • The drug Stavzor got a new label warning from the FDA, alerting users to the risk of liver failure that can lead to death. (aboutlawsuits.com)
  • At least one study also found increased risk of serotonin syndrome when cyclobenzaprine was taken with the serotonergic drugs duloxetine or phenelzine. (wikipedia.org)
  • This study supports the need to institute WERS interventions and to include mid-harvest screening protocols and longitudinal tracking of kidney function among sugarcane workers at high risk of CKDu. (cdc.gov)
  • Zinc toxicity can have both acute and chronic effects. (emojicut.com)
  • There are adverse effects that are caused by the increased level of toxicity in the environment. (writingscentre.com)
  • LITAR, sometimes called chronic radiation enteritis (CRE), is widely defined as major intestinal toxicities or complications occurring or persisting more than 3 months after radiotherapy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In determining the risk of radon in homes or offices with the same concentration, assessors must consider not only the average level of radon, but also the occupants and their lifestyles. (cdc.gov)
  • You can use our dog onion toxicity calculator to gauge the onion toxicity level. (worldanimalfoundation.org)
  • In addition, in most cases, the level of toxicity is not measured in human beings, but in animals and plants before it gets worse for animals and eventually human being beings. (writingscentre.com)