Abrin is an extremely toxic plant protein derived from the seeds of the plant Abrus precatorius . (cdc.gov)
Abrin, the toxic lectin from the rosary pea plant Abrus precatorius, has gained considerable interest in the recent past due to its potential malevolent use. (bvsalud.org)
However, reliable and easy-to-use assays for the detection and discrimination of abrin from related plant proteins such as Abrus precatorius agglutinin or the homologous toxin ricin from Ricinus communis are sparse. (bvsalud.org)
Abrin is a toxalbumin made by Abrus precatorius (Rosary Pea, Crab's Eyes, Jequirity), a vine that produces pea-sized bright red with a black splotch seeds that are used as beads and to make rattles. (drugsandpoisons.com)
Abrin is a type II RIP obtained from the mature seeds of Abrus precatorius plant that is extremely toxic and has been shown to be 75 times more potent than its well studied sister toxin, ricin. (iisc.ac.in)
Abrus precatorius agglutinin (APA) is a homologue of abrin obtained from the same plant source. (iisc.ac.in)
Ricin and abrin1
11. Garber E. A. E. Toxicity and detection of ricin and abrin in beverages // Journal of food protection. (medline.ru)
Proteins4
At that time, glycobiology, which is the study of carbohydrates and their recognition by motif-specific carbohydrate-binding proteins or lectins, lagged far behind the studies that defined the structural and cellular biology of cell death. (nature.com)
Abrin, like the similar plant toxin ricin, causes toxicity by inhibiting the formation (synthesis) of proteins in the cells of the exposed individual. (cdc.gov)
Type II Ribosome Inactivating Proteins (RIPs), commonly known as A/B toxins are heterodimers comprising of a catalytically active A chain, an RNA N-glycosidase which inhibits protein synthesis and a lectin-like B chain required for the binding of the toxin to the cell surface and internalization of the same. (iisc.ac.in)
While mistletoe berries may be a source of food to birds, it contains a number of properties that are toxic to dogs including proteins (alkaloids), viscumin and lectin proteins - ( V. album ), and oxalbumin, pharatoxin viscumin (Lectins, Phoratoxins) - ( P. serotinum ). (botany-world.com)
Toxalbumin1
Even though these beans are toxic, containing a toxic plant protein known as abrin, a toxalbumin, they are still widely used as jewelry ornaments, and in percussive musical instruments. (cdc.gov)
Toxin6
Abrin can also be transmitted through the skin via small pellets or projectiles designed to carry toxin. (cdc.gov)
The plant toxin ricin made from the seeds of the castor oil plant is highly toxic to mammalian cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Albert is the actual toxin, while Betty is a lectin (carbohydrate-binding protein) that helps get him inside cells by binding to the cell membrane. (drugsandpoisons.com)
In spite of abrin being a potential bio-warfare agent, there is no antidote or vaccine available against this toxin till date. (iisc.ac.in)
The study reported in the thesis focuses on understanding the mechanism of neutralization of abrin by the mAb D6F10 and development of a potential vaccine candidate against the toxin. (iisc.ac.in)
A. precatorius contains abrin (a type of protein toxin that is related to ricin) within the hard, water-impermeable coating of it's distinctive red and black patterned seeds. (horsedvm.com)
Toxicity4
The different fractions were assayed for toxicity to mice, to which the most toxic fraction was pooled and subsequently applied to a DEAE-(diethylaminoethyl)-column. (wikipedia.org)
Again, the fractions were assayed for toxicity to mice, to which the most toxic fraction was pooled and analysed by Gel Electrophoresis. (wikipedia.org)
The first and only neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) against abrin, namely D6F10, was reported from our laboratory and has been shown to rescue toxicity of abrin in cells as well as in mice. (iisc.ac.in)
Studies and application of N-glycosidases has always been hampered by the high acute toxicity of the first RIPs known (abrin, modeccin, ricin, viscumin and volkensin) but recently have found less toxic RIPs (ebilin, nigrin and Racemosin) whose management will allow the study of the mechanism of methagenetic action and can also be used as a group control efficacy studies of pronutrients as stimulants of the ribosomal function. (veterinariadigital.com)
Viscumin1
The toxic properties are viscumin and lectins - ( V. album ), and t oxalbumin, pharatoxin, viscumin - ( P. serotinum ), which can cause gastrointestinal upset, low blood pressure and low heart rate. (botany-world.com)
Volkensin1
Cytotoxic lectins include ricin, abrin, modeccin, volkensin (least toxic, 10 and 40 times less cytotoxic than ricin and modeccin respectively. (wikipedia.org)
Protein synthesis3
As I mentioned previously, toxalbumins are toxic because they inhibit protein synthesis. (drugsandpoisons.com)
Furthermore, the mAb D6F10 rescues inhibition of protein synthesis by abrin in HeLa cells by internalizing in cells along with abrin and possibly occluding the active site cleft of ABA. (iisc.ac.in)
The dimer abrin, is composed of two protein subunits, A and B. Working as a chemical team, B enables the molecule ingress into the cell, while once inside, the A subunit inhibits the process of protein synthesis. (cdc.gov)
Seeds3
Different toxic lectins are present in seeds of different origin. (wikipedia.org)
These seeds, although chock full of abrin, have a hard water-resistant coat, meaning that if you ingest them they are only toxic if they are chewed or broken. (drugsandpoisons.com)
It is well known for its distinctive red and black, highly toxic seeds, that are commonly used for making jewelry for tourists. (horsedvm.com)
Toxins3
Whereas the hybrid consisting of ricin A-chain and modeccin B-chain was non-toxic, the converse hybrid, modeccin A-chain/ricin B-chain, was even more toxic than were the parent toxins, native ricin and modeccin. (wikipedia.org)
12. Garber E. A. E., Venkateswaran K. V., OBrien T. W. Simultaneous multiplex detection and confirmation of the proteinaceous toxins abrin, ricin, botulinum toxins, and Staphylococcus enterotoxins A, B, and C in food // Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. (medline.ru)
Detection of abrin holotoxin using novel monoclonal antibodies //Toxins. (medline.ru)
Modeccin3
Modeccin is a toxic lectin, a group of glycoproteins capable of binding specifically to sugar moieties. (wikipedia.org)
Cytotoxic lectins including modeccin act in a similar manner as ricin, a well understood toxic lectin, though each one has a different saccharide binding specificity. (wikipedia.org)
Hybrid molecules were prepared from the A- and B-chains of the toxic lectinsricin and modeccin by dialyzing mixtures of isolated chains to allow a disulfide bridge to be formed between them. (wikipedia.org)
Plant2
Meet Ageratina altissima, the toxic plant lurking in North American gardens that caused fatal milk sickness and claimed the lives of Abraham Lincoln's mother and many settlers in the early 19th century. (sciencesensei.com)
This perennial plant isn't as toxic as some of the others on this list, but it's still poisonous to humans and pets who accidentally ingest their red berries. (sciencesensei.com)
Detection2
Colloidal Gold-Based Immunochromatographic Test Strip for Rapid Detection of Abrin in Food Samples // Journal of food protection. (medline.ru)
13. Garber E. A. E., Walker J. L., O'BRIEN T. W. Detection of abrin in food using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and electrochemiluminescence technologies // Journal of food protection. (medline.ru)
Chains1
The A chains of abrin and APA share 67% sequence identity and their crystal structures superimpose very well but unlike abrin the APA A chain does not bind the mAb D6F10. (iisc.ac.in)
Fatal1
Exposure to even a small amount of abrin may be fatal. (cdc.gov)
Cells1
How do C-type lectins tailor adaptive immunity following phagocytosis of apoptotic cells? (nature.com)
Mice1
The LD50 dose for abrin is only 2.8 µg/kg body weight of mice and its potential use in bio-warfare is a cause of major concern. (iisc.ac.in)
Include1
With symptoms identical to those produced by ricin, though many times more toxic, abrin symptoms include nausea and vomiting, convulsions, followed by liver failure and death, which will take place after several days. (cdc.gov)
Food1
Food: Abrin can be used to contaminate food. (cdc.gov)
Properties1
This list includes some of the most common Christmas plants and includes the toxic properties. (botany-world.com)
Cell4
Endogenous lectins and glycans are critical signals in the resolution of cell death. (nature.com)
The emergence of functional studies on animal lectins during the 1990s has provided the appropriate framework to better understand their roles in cell death. (nature.com)
We discuss here the contribution of glycan-lectin interactions to the initiation, execution and resolution of apoptosis and their emerging roles in other cell death programs including autophagy. (nature.com)
The antibody prevents cell attachment of abrin at higher concentrations. (iisc.ac.in)
Body1
Abrin can be absorbed into the body through ingestion, inhalation, or eye contact. (cdc.gov)
Potential2
Agricultural: If abrin is released into the air as fine particles (aerosol), it has the potential to contaminate agricultural products. (cdc.gov)
The study also highlights that chimeric protein constructs could possibly be developed as potential vaccine candidates for neutralization of abrin intoxication. (iisc.ac.in)
Native1
European mistletoe is more toxic than American and is not native to or sold in the United States of America . (botany-world.com)