Toxic chemical warfare agents. Medical search. Frequent questions

Rapid and accurate detection of chemical threats, such as chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and toxic industrial chemicals (TICs), is imperative for safety mitigation and human protection in warfare and security domains. (spectroscopyonline.com)
Chemical Warfare Agents (CWAs), Toxic Industrial Chemicals (TICs), etc.) and confirm their specific identity. (flir.com)
They include traditional chemical warfare nerve agents such as sarin and VX, and toxic industrial chemicals and pesticides such as cyanide, chlorine, parathion, and sodium fluoroacetate. (nih.gov)
Priorities for the continent - as captured in the OPCW Africa Programme - include capabilities in responding to chemical incidents involving chemical warfare agents and toxic industrial chemicals. (opcw.org)
LaserWarn is designed to protect airports, subway platforms, military bases, and other critical infrastructure sites from Chemical Warfare Agents (CWAs), Toxic Industrial Chemicals/Materials (TICs/TIMs) and other hazardous chemicals. (blockeng.com)
An LERL-3 ensemble could be used in a building containing low levels of chemical warfare agents or industrial chemicals. (ojp.gov)
Most POPs are pesticides or insecticides , and some are also solvents , pharmaceuticals , and industrial chemicals. (wikipedia.org)
for example, separate detection modes (or libraries) for Chemical Warfare Agents and Toxic Industrial Chemicals. (environics.fi)
HDT filters are designed to remove all chemical warfare agents and toxic industrial chemicals (TICs) in vapor form by adsorption. (hdtglobal.com)
Common and unusual industrial chemicals may pose just as much of a threat. (trainex.org)
Agents of con- cern include industrial chemicals and chemical precursors, pesticides, and Accepted 11 December 2003. (cdc.gov)

The ability to detect chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and toxic industrial chemical (TIC) threats in near real-time in the field can be extremely beneficial and is finding broader utilization for a number of applications by military personnel, emergency responders, and environmental scientists. (spectroscopyonline.com)
The manufacture of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) is banned under the 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention. (brighton.ac.uk)
If these correlate then computer predictions concerning CWAs should also be an accurate representation of their real behaviour and remove the need to use the agents themselves. (brighton.ac.uk)
With the evolution of toxic chemicals continuing to progress, developing methods for the destruction of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) has become an increasingly important research topic. (preprints.org)
Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) are one of the most toxic compounds. (preprints.org)
Degradation of CWAs using decontamination agents is one of the few ways to protect human health against the harmful effects of CWAs. (preprints.org)

However, nerve agents are much more potent than organophosphate pesticides. (cdc.gov)
In addition, the protein doesn't produce false positives that occur when present-day sensors accidentally detect non-nerve agent chemicals which are similar, like some pesticides. (scienceblog.com)
A number of farmers and environmentalists have opposed the selling of crops resistant to these chemicals, because the result could likely mean dousing fields with pesticides in unprecedented levels. (rt.com)
Then chemists, using the chlorine gas, separated for a WW I weapon, developed agent-orange and an array of pesticides, herbicides and defoliants which attacked both people and the living earth itself. (activistpost.com)

Warfare or terrorism agents are a class that includes chemicals, biological substances, radioactive materials, nuclear materials, or explosives. (cdc.gov)
Widely used by authorities and emergency responders, the portable ACE-ID screens potentially dangerous substances for explosives, narcotics or toxic chemicals. (smithsdetection.com)
From threats in cyberspace to homemade explosives to biological agents, the network of interagency 1 laboratories leverages American science and technology expertise for the benefit and protection of the nation. (dhs.gov)
While conventional munitions contain explosives or incendiary agents ( e.g. white phosphorus) and their effect is characterised accordingly by detonation or burning, chemical munitions are distinguished by a payload of chemical warfare agent. (schleswig-holstein.de)
MS techniques, including those employing ambient ionization methods, have proved useful in the detection of toxic industrial compounds, chemical warfare agents and explosives. (technologynetworks.com)

The organophosphate nerve agents tabun (GA), sarin (GB), soman (GD), and cyclosarin (GF) are among the most toxic chemical warfare agents known. (medscape.com)
Soman is a human-made chemical warfare agent classified as a nerve agent. (cdc.gov)
It is possible that soman or other nerve agents were used in chemical warfare during the Iran-Iraq War in the 1980s. (cdc.gov)
Compared with other nerve agents, soman is more volatile than VX but less volatile than sarin. (cdc.gov)
Because soman is more volatile than the nerve agent VX (the most potent nerve agent), it will remain on exposed surfaces for a shorter period of time compared with VX. (cdc.gov)
Although soman can have a camphor or fruity odor, the odor may not be noticeable enough to give people sufficient warning of a toxic exposure. (cdc.gov)
Experimental and computational study of the inclusion complexes of β-cyclodextrin with the chemical warfare agent soman (GD) and commonly used simulants, M. R. Sambrook, J. C. Vincent, J. A. Ede, I. A. Gass and Peter J. Cragg, M/S in preparation. (brighton.ac.uk)
The collection of mutant proteins was screened for the ability to hydrolyze a chromogenic analogue of the most toxic stereoisomer of the chemical warfare agent, soman. (rcsb.org)

Sarin is the most volatile of the nerve agents, which means that it can easily and quickly evaporate from a liquid into a vapor and spread into the environment. (nationalterroralert.com)
Chemicals tested included the nerve gases VX and Sarin, toxic chemicals such as zinc cadmium sulfide and sulfur dioxide, and a variety of biological agents. (ahrp.org)
Descriptions of the sarin attack in Tokyo in 1995 and the anthrax attacks in the United States in 2001 illustrate lessons from governments' recent experiences with chemical and biological terrorism. (cdc.gov)
Sarin is a toxic but non-persistent nerve agent. (un-truth.com)

Their purpose is not the physical destruction of infrastructure, but rather directly a temporary or permanent incapacitation of humans due to the respective toxic effects of the compounds used. (schleswig-holstein.de)
Persistent organic pollutants ( POPs ) are organic compounds that are resistant to degradation through chemical , biological , and photolytic processes. (wikipedia.org)
They exert their negative effects on the environment through two processes, long range transport, which allows them to travel far from their source, and bioaccumulation, which reconcentrates these chemical compounds to potentially dangerous levels. (wikipedia.org)
[3] Compounds that make up POPs are also classed as PBTs (persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic) or TOMPs (toxic organic micro pollutants). (wikipedia.org)
Some chemicals (such as chlorine, phosgene, and cyanide compounds) have both industrial and chemical warfare uses. (msdmanuals.com)
Common among these 10 interactions of organic compounds, their power to detect excess cancer agents is the electrophilic nature of or their metabolites, with DNA and R 1 risk at particular sites. (who.int)

First Responders should use a NIOSH-certified Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear (CBRN) Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) with a Level A protective suit when entering an area with an unknown contaminant or when entering an area where the concentration of the contaminant is unknown. (cdc.gov)
The National Institute of Justice has released a new performance standard for the protective ensembles that law enforcement officers wear when they risk exposure to dangerous chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear (CBRN) substances. (ojp.gov)
Unfortunately, there isn't such technology that is capable to detect all kinds and forms of chemical, radiological and biological threats in a one package, with reliable results. (environics.fi)
HDT has decades of experience in developing specialized chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) protection products to make environments safe for people and valuable assets. (hdtglobal.com)

Teledyne FLIR's chemical sensors detect trace levels of chemical hazards (i.e. (flir.com)
In the event of deliberate or accidental release it is essential to detect and destroy these highly toxic materials. (brighton.ac.uk)

The more highly toxic V-series agents ("V" stands for venomous)-principally, O-ethyl S-(2-diisopropylaminoethyl) methylphosphonothioate (VX)-are discussed in a separate Medscape article (see CBRNE - Nerve Agents, V-series - Ve, Vg, Vm, Vx ). (medscape.com)
Artificial intelligence could be misused to design highly toxic chemical and biological weapons , warn scientists. (cogwriter.com)
a highly toxic yellowish powder found in Southeast Asia between 1975 and 1985, thought by some to be a chemical warfare agent dropped by airplanes. (wordsmyth.net)
Within seconds, the MX908 provides immediate actionable results to guide response protocols for responders, including chemical and hazmat teams, law enforcement, and international customs agents - ensuring that whenever a responder encounters a highly toxic and unknown threat, they are empowered to move forward with fast and intelligent remediation. (firerescue1.com)

They might enter suspected methamphetamine laboratories, which can contain toxic fumes and chemicals, or be called to investigate possible terrorist attacks involving the deliberate release of dangerous substances. (ojp.gov)
In contrast to the substances contained in conventional munitions, the hazards posed by chemical warfare agents for people and the environment appear obvious. (schleswig-holstein.de)
The MX908 identifies a wide spectrum of substances, including solids, liquids and vapors, and now aerosols at trace level - and is a critical analytical tool for chemical, explosive, priority drug and hazmat operations. (firerescue1.com)
They state that the natural environment must be exposed to extensive, lasting and serious damage - thus in principle damage as grave as that inflicted by the use of toxic substances such as Agent Orange during the Vietnam War", says Britta Sjöstedt. (lu.se)

Comprehensive toxicity assessment documents for each chemical under consideration are prepared by the National Advisory Committee for AEGLs, a panel comprised of representatives of federal, state, and local governmental agen- cies, as well as industry and private-sector organizations. (cdc.gov)

They are similar to insecticides (insect killing chemicals) called organophosphates in the way they work and the harmful effects they cause. (cdc.gov)

For information on other warfare and terrorism agents, please view the the CDC Chemical Agents page . (cdc.gov)
This manual will find a home on bookshelves worldwide among government officials and others concerned about the threat of biological and chemical terrorism. (cdc.gov)
But the book's underlying theme-that public health preparedness for biological or chemical terrorism depends on fundamental capacities to respond to more common health threats-is its most salient message, no matter where the user resides. (cdc.gov)

Tabun breaks down slowly in the body, meaning that repeated exposures to tabun and/or other nerve agents can build up in the body (have a cumulative effect). (cdc.gov)
Even a small drop of some nerve agents such as tabun on the skin can cause sweating and muscle twitching where the agent touched the skin. (cdc.gov)
More specifically, in the Heligoland Basin, artillery shells filled with around 12 t of the nerve agent tabun (around 6,000 shells, approx. (schleswig-holstein.de)

Prohibition by many countries around the world cannot disguise the 11 remaining presence of nerve agents in stockpile storage and governmental deployment, 12 highlighting the dire need for an efficient catalyst to degrade and detoxify nerve agents by 13 hydrolysis. (preprints.org)

Subsequent specialized analyses of these samples can reveal the specific agent itself or the reaction or degradation products characteristic of a specific agent. (un-truth.com)

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) encourages grant applications for Countermeasures Against Chemical Threats (CounterACT) Cooperative Research Projects (U01s). (nih.gov)

Orthogonal pairing of different analytical techniques can be particularly advantageous for detection of chemical threats (12,13,15). (spectroscopyonline.com)
The mission of the CounterACT U01 program is to develop new and improved therapeutics for chemical threats. (nih.gov)
Chemical threats are toxic chemicals that could be used in a terrorist attack or accidentally released from industrial production, storage or shipping. (nih.gov)
For decades, Block Engineering's spectrometers have been used to protect people from chemical attacks and threats. (blockeng.com)
LaserWarn's chemical library is comprehensive and updateable to address new and emerging threats. (blockeng.com)
Today, threats are becoming more advanced and unexpected, from the use of commercial materials to make homemade and improvised explosive devices, to the latest developments in chemical warfare. (domesticpreparedness.com)
The MX908 with Aero enables real-time monitoring for aerosolized threats, including aerosolized chemical warfare agents, fourth-generation agents, pharmaceutical-based agents, opioids and more. (firerescue1.com)
The MX908 keeps response teams ahead of the latest chemical warfare threats, such as Novichoks, pharmaceutical based agents, opioid analogs and more - meeting a pressing and evolving need that no other device can today. (firerescue1.com)

Teledyne FLIR's biological sensors provide early warning of aerosolized pathogenic microorganisms, minimizing long-term exposure from the release of biological agents (airborne bacteria including spores, viral, and protein toxins). (flir.com)
These digestive enzymes can also break down a surprisingly wide range of toxins that have similar chemical bonds with wood. (iaac.net)
High spatial resolution MSI has become a rising star in chemical hair-strand analysis, helping to determine exposure to and uptake of toxins and drugs, information that can also help in personal identification. (technologynetworks.com)

This is the maximum protection for workers in danger of exposure to unknown chemical hazards or levels above the IDLH or greater than the AEGL-2. (cdc.gov)
One Medical Hazards Manage- ated with acute chemical or radio-nuclear thyroid cancer mortality of an additional ment Team (HazMaT) has been estab- events. (who.int)

This course provides awareness-level training for a variety of toxic syndromes likely to be encountered following exposures to 'chemical agents of opportunity. (trainex.org)
The primary aim of the Acute Exposure Guideline Level (AEGL) program is to develop scientifi- cally credible limits for once-in-a-lifetime or rare acute inhalation exposures to high-priority, hazardous chemicals. (cdc.gov)

The bacterial phosphotriesterase has been utilized as a template for the evolution of improved enzymes for the catalytic decomposition of organophosphate nerve agents. (rcsb.org)

HPMS expands the first responder toolkit to include chemical and precursor materialentification and detection capabilities beyond traditional tools. (domesticpreparedness.com)

Nerve agent vapors are denser than air, making them particularly hazardous for persons in low areas or underground shelters. (medscape.com)
The program was undertaken due to the need of federal, state, and local govern- ments, as well the public and private sectors, for guidance on adverse health effects to anticipate upon inhalation of toxic chemical vapors. (cdc.gov)

Mushroom allies may even be able to detoxify chemical warfare agents. (iaac.net)

The four were asked by the Swiss Federal Institute for Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Protection to look at whether AI could be used by those with ulterior motives - and their AI came up with 40,000 potentially toxic drugs in six hours. (cogwriter.com)

A Totally-Encapsulating Chemical Protective (TECP) suit that provides protection against CBRN agents. (cdc.gov)
A hooded chemical-resistant suit that provides protection against CBRN agents. (cdc.gov)
HDT offers a full range of CBRN systems and components providing positive-pressure collective protection against CBRN agents to mobile, transportable and fixed equipment, as well as hard-wall and soft-wall shelters. (hdtglobal.com)

Chemical detector or analyzer? (environics.fi)
Many times, combining the detection information from a handheld chemical detector with other reports, reconnaissance information, and observations is enough to make efficient decisions. (environics.fi)
Before setting off on a mission, the operational capabilities of the handheld chemical detector have to be verified. (environics.fi)
In addition to preparing the handheld chemical detector for use, it is also important to check and understand the operational settings of the chemical detector. (environics.fi)
With the help of chemical alarms provided by the detector, operator can adjust the level of personal protection based on the nature of the threat. (environics.fi)
5. What if the chemical detector indicates an alarm? (environics.fi)
Getting the correct information by using a handheld chemical detector, and survey tools, plays a key role when establishing first aid and decontamination lines on site and in the hospitals. (environics.fi)

At room temperature, the G-series nerve agents are volatile liquids, making them a serious risk for exposure from dermal contact with liquid nerve agent or inhalation of nerve agent vapor. (medscape.com)
Exposure is usually due to inhalation, and the agent rather quickly degrades and disperses into atmosphere… There are reports that people were able to visit the sites of the attacks a few hours post attack and to handle remnants of rockets associated with the attacks without suffering signs and symptoms of exposure to nerve agent. (un-truth.com)

The inner-liner technology would entail adsorption and decomposition of warfare agents without the release of toxic agents, and will result in a storage bag capable of being disposed of in an environmentally safe fashion. (sbir.gov)

evidence emerged from Syria of pre-dawn attacks including use of chemical weapons on the Ghouta area in the Damascus suburbs contested by rebel forces and Syrian army units. (un-truth.com)
Most first responders have been trained to recognize and respond to attacks involving traditional "warfare" chemicals, but these are often not the most likely agents that could be used by terrorists. (trainex.org)
13(0) ple terrorist/warfare attacks have oc- al level. (who.int)

He is among approximately three million victims poisoned by Agent Orange and other similar chemicals during the American War in Vietnam. (peoplesworld.org)

Agent Orange and the other weaponized herbicides contain trace amounts of TCDD dioxin. (peoplesworld.org)
However, the use of weaponized herbicides like Agent Orange complied with international law based on the British precedent, according to the U.S. justifications. (peoplesworld.org)
Five decades ago, on August 10, 1961 , U.S. forces conducted the first spraying mission of so-called "herbicides" or "defoliants," beginning the chemical warfare which lasted for almost 10 years (1961-71). (vn-agentorange.org)
With about 80 million liters of toxic herbicides, mostly Agent Orange, containing high concentrations of dioxin, the most powerful toxin ever known, this "chemical warfare" was sprayed on at least 4.8 million Vietnamese and poisoned three million of them. (vn-agentorange.org)

She and her UC Berkeley team embedded in a fiber mat an enzyme that degrades toxic organophosphate chemicals, like those in insecticides and chemical warfare agents. (eurekalert.org)

Project 112/ Shipboard Hazard and Defense (SHAD) Dept. of Defense tested biological and chemical warfare agents, by spraying several U.S. ships while 6,000 thousand of U.S. military personnel were aboard the ships. (ahrp.org)
From Agent Orange victims to Bush babies, the film does not ignore Obama's transgressions against basic human rights, including his overturning the Magna Carta by claiming the role of accuser, judge and executioner under the National Defense Authorization Act and Executive Orders. (activistpost.com)

However, it is extremely important to simultaneously investigate the characteristics of the chemical threat. (environics.fi)

Exposure to low concentrations of nerve agent vapor produces immediate ocular symptoms, rhinorrhea, and in some patients, dyspnea. (medscape.com)
[9] [11] Persistent chemicals tend to have higher concentrations and are eliminated more slowly. (wikipedia.org)
Treat with high concentrations of humidified oxygen en route to the hospital. (medscape.com)

The program was developed because of the need of communities for information on hazardous chemicals to assist in emergency planning, notification, and response, as well as the training of emergency response personnel. (cdc.gov)
The AEGL program is a concerted national effort to develop scientifically credible, peer-reviewed emergency exposure levels for hazardous chemicals. (cdc.gov)

To learn more about CCRP, see a June 2020 article, The National Institutes of Health Chemical Countermeasures Research Program (NIH CCRP): A collaborative opportunity to develop effective and accessible chemical medical countermeasures for the American people , published in the journal Drug Development Research. (nih.gov)

A ferrate Fe(VI) based potential chemical warfare agent decontaminant was studied for degradation of persistent nitrogen mustard (tris(2-chloroethyl)amine, HN3). (preprints.org)

A team that includes Rutgers scientists has designed a synthetic protein that quickly detects molecules of a deadly nerve agent that has been classified by the United Nations as a weapon of mass destruction and could be used in a chemical warfare attack. (scienceblog.com)
The project sought to determine if computational protocols could be developed, using commercially available software, to accurately predict a) the molecular geometries of chemical warfare agents and b) the receptor molecules with the highest affinities for the agents. (brighton.ac.uk)

Due to current trends, our exposure to dangerous chemicals increases with time as our environment becomes more polluted. (iaac.net)
An LERL-2 ensemble could be worn in a hostage incident in a location containing chemical warfare agents or other dangerous chemicals. (ojp.gov)

This development could pave the way for a new generation of tailor-made biosensors and treatments that could be deployed against the chemical warfare agent VX, scientists said. (scienceblog.com)
Whether chemicals are being extracted and purified or synthesized from other component chemicals, it is important that scientists and engineers can be sure of what they have, how pure it is and how much they have of it. (technologynetworks.com)

Nerve agents act by first binding and then irreversibly inactivating acetylcholinesterase (AChE), producing a toxic accumulation of acetylcholine (ACh) at muscarinic, nicotinic, and CNS synapses. (medscape.com)

Collaborators at the City College of New York took the Rutgers design and produced a real version of the protein, purified it and shipped the sample on ice overnight to an approved chemical weapon testing facility, MRIGlobal in Kansas City, Missouri. (scienceblog.com)
Over 99% of all declared chemical weapon stockpiles have been destroyed under OPCW verification. (opcw.org)
A photographer for Le Monde newspaper, Laurent Van der Stockt, was exposed to what he believed was a chemical weapon attack while in Jobar in April 2013. (un-truth.com)
The HRW report says "The precise identification of the specific chemical agent used in the August 21 attack requires the collection of samples from weapon remnants, environmental samples, and physiological samples from those directly or indirectly exposed to the chemical agent. (un-truth.com)
The use of toxic gas as a weapon, poisoning of water ways or air, and using chemicals in warfare broke the taboo against widespread and indiscriminative killing of non-combatants. (activistpost.com)

Bleach mixed with an acidic cleaner releases chlorine gas - so toxic it was used as a chemical warfare agent in World War I. (poison.org)

During that time, Molina said he was exposed to agent orange, a toxic chemical used to kill crops during warfare. (kvue.com)

In this manual, the World Health Organization (WHO) updates its guidance for governments in preparing for a possible terrorist attack with biological or chemical weapons. (cdc.gov)

Block's LaserWarn is an open-path standoff chemical detection and identification system that detects hazardous and toxic chemical gases over large areas. (blockeng.com)

Dr. Gina Solomon, a board-certified in Occupational and Environmental Medicine and Internal Medicine specialist, wrote of concerns stemming from the use of 2,4-D as a crucial component in an infamous chemical warfare campaign during the Vietnam War. (rt.com)

At nicotinic receptors in skin, nerve agents cause sweating, and on skeletal muscle, they cause initial defasciculation followed by weakness and flaccid paralysis. (medscape.com)
All the nerve agents cause their toxic effects by preventing the proper operation of an enzyme that acts as the body's "off switch" for glands and muscles. (cdc.gov)

The use of Agent Orange brought about untold human death and suffering, as well as environmental destruction to South Vietnam and surrounding areas. (vn-agentorange.org)

Incendiary agents, designed to create light and flame, may also cause burns in large numbers of casualties. (msdmanuals.com)

Study of some toxic effects of sulfur mustard gas on broiler chickens. (cdc.gov)
This paper reviews experimental and computational studies on CWA removal by MOFs, with a special emphasis on nerve agent (GB, GD, and VX) removal via hydrolysis and sulfur mustard (HD) removal via selective photooxidation. (preprints.org)

The effect of inhalational exposure to nerve agent vapor in turn depends on the vapor concentration and the time of exposure. (medscape.com)

Dispersal devices or an explosive blast also can aerosolize nerve agents. (medscape.com)

Now Monsanto and the chemical company Dow will have to sit anxiously and await the results of those assessments before they are given the go-ahead to sell genetically-engineer plants that have raised serious environmental issues. (rt.com)

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs16

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Disciplines and Occupations3

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Named Groups1

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Soman8

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Detect2

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Tabun3

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Threats8

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Organophosphate nerve agents1

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Detoxify1

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