Tools animals inbred strains. Medical search. Frequent questions

In 2013 it was reported that mammals (mice and rats), fish, amphibians, and reptiles together accounted for over 85% of research animals. (wikipedia.org)
The ability of humans to change the genetics of animals took an enormous step forward in 1974 when Rudolf Jaenisch could produce the first transgenic mammal, by integrating DNA from simians into the genome of mice. (wikipedia.org)
Mice models are essential tools to study the pathogenesis of infectious diseases and for the preclinical evaluation of vaccines and therapies against various human pathogens. (medgadget.com)
The use of genetically defined inbred mouse strains, humanized mice, and gene knockout mice has enabled the research community to study the process of the way pathogens cause diseases, the role of specific host genes in controlling or promoting disease, and potential targets for prevention or identification of treatment for a variety of infectious agents. (medgadget.com)
Aside from coronavirus studies, mice models are considered the best small animal models for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), Zika virus, and cytomegalovirus (CMV). (medgadget.com)
Animal models, specifically mice models, usually receive a large portion of research investment. (reportsanddata.com)
Mice have been used as models of human biology and diseases, due to their phylogenetic and physiological similarities to humans, ease with which they can be maintained and bred in the laboratory, and existence of various inbred strains. (reportsanddata.com)
These experiments, along with the development of methods for producing transgenic, knockout, and knocking mice, have given mice new impetus and powerful tools, resulting in a drastic increase in the use of mice as model organisms and the expansion of the mouse model market. (reportsanddata.com)
Complying with required legislation for use of animal models can be time-consuming and inconvenient, and could restrain growth of the global mice model market. (reportsanddata.com)
The inbred mice segment accounted for the largest share in 2020. (reportsanddata.com)
The growth of the segment can be attributed to rising use of inbred mice in research of pharmacology and cardiovascular diseases, and to study responses of monoclonal antibodies. (reportsanddata.com)
These type of mice are being considered as an important tool in genetics studies of complex diseases, owing to which there is high demand for inbred mice. (reportsanddata.com)
Using inbred strains of mice with established bone mineral density values, the radiographic, histologic and biomechanical analyses of the healing femurs were evaluated. (rutgers.edu)
Clarence Little's work creating an inbred population of mice paved the way to answering these questions once and for all. (yourgenome.org)
Now, there are over 100 different inbred strains of mice, each with a different genetic background. (yourgenome.org)
In the early 1980s 'transgenic mice' became a valuable tool in research. (yourgenome.org)
[4] Familiar albino animals include in-bred strains of laboratory animals (rats, mice and rabbits), but populations of naturally occurring albino animals exist in the wild, e.g. (wikipedia.org)
Thus, the identification of innate and extrinsic factors that influence the ability to develop tolerance is a significant issue among inbred strains of mice, the BALB/cByJ (CBy) strain exhibits greater pulmonary tolerance to PMN and protein levels in lavage fluid than DBA/2J (D2) following 5 successive exposures (5X) to 10 mg/m3 ZnO. (cdc.gov)
Interestingly, the toll-like receptor 4 gene (Tlr4) has been shown to be a strong candidate susceptibility gene for ozone -induced increases in the BAL protein phenotype in inbred mice. (cdc.gov)
The segregation pattern of chromosomes 14 and 18 were analysed in recombinant inbred strains of mice developed from KE and CBA/Kw strains. (edu.pl)
The analysis was possible owing to the fact that the C-band on chromosomes 14 of the CBA/Kw strain and that of chromosome 18 of the KE strain show size polymorphism: while the CBA/Kw mice have a small sized C-band on chromosome 14, the KE mice show small C-bands on chromosome 18. (edu.pl)
The present study was designed to characterize the interaction between mammary adenocarcinoma M-406 and CBi, CBi − and CBi/L inbred mice lines. (biomedcentral.com)
When CBi mice are s.c. challenged with M-406, tumor growths exponentially in 100% of animals, while in CBi − the tumor growths briefly and then begins a rejection process in 100% of the animals. (biomedcentral.com)
CBi is an inbred mouse strain derived from an outbred population generated by crossing BALB/c, Rockland, NIH and Swiss mice. (biomedcentral.com)
The work was done in parallel with an international collaboration, the Mouse Phenome Database (MPD) project, which was created to establish a collection of baseline phenotypic data from commonly used inbred mice. (sciencedaily.com)
The new brain atlas database consists of 3-D anatomical data from 10 adult male mice of the strain C57BL/6J, and contains data on 20 segmented structures, including variability of brain structures across the strain, and downloadable visualization tools. (sciencedaily.com)

Genome scan for trabecular bone density, from a cross between strains C57BL/6J and C3H. (jax.org)

EC development in BDII rats has similarities in pathogenesis, histopathological and molecular properties to human EC, and thus the inbred BDII strain represents a unique model for analysis of EC tumorigenesis [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Rats will be given vanadium, as sodium orthvanadate or vanadyl sulfate, in a liquid diet and a number of insulin-sensitive activities of target tissues measured and compared to control animals. (diabetestalk.net)
We sought to establish differences in global miRNA expression in two insulin-target tissues from inbred rats of spontaneously diabetic and normoglycaemic strains. (diabetestalk.net)
We used a miRNA microarray platform to measure global miRNA expression in two insulin-target tissues: liver and adipose tissue from inbred rats of spontaneously diabetic (Goto-Kakizaki [GK]) and normoglycaemic (Brown-Norway [BN]) strains which are extensively used in genetic studies of T2D. (diabetestalk.net)
The WMI and WLI inbred strains of rats we propose to use in this study were selectively bred from the stress-vulnerable Wistar Kyoto rat. (hhs.gov)
At 7wk, HF-fed animals exhibited several immune alterations (blood leukocyte/neutrophil number, lymph node B-cell proportionality)-effects which were more pronounced in SD rats. (cdc.gov)
however, diet appeared to preferentially impact SD rats at this time point, as several inflammatory markers (lymph node cellularity, lung neutrophils) were further elevated in HF over Reg animals. (cdc.gov)
In BN rats, resolution of immune alterations was further compromised by HF diet, as many exposure-induced alterations in local/systemic immune markers were still evident in HF/WF animals at 24wk. (cdc.gov)
Rats, Inbred F344. (bvsalud.org)
Inbred Fischer rats have greater HPA activation. (bvsalud.org)
Inbred Fischer rats produce greater amounts of the abovementioned substances, which has a direct effect on the nervous, connective, and epithelial tissues of the periodontium, facilitating the progression of ligatureinduced periodontitis 7-9 . (bvsalud.org)

It took Clarence four years between 1909 and 1913 to create a healthy, genetically stable inbred strain. (yourgenome.org)
The MPDt systematically characterizes biochemical and behavioral phenotypes of 40 commonly used and genetically diverse inbred mouse strains. (jax.org)
Genetically modified mouse strains derived from embryonic stem (ES) cells have become essential tools for functional genomics and biomedical research. (liveconscience.com)
Neuroscientists around the world can now download these extremely accurate anatomical templates and use them to map other data -- such as which parts of the brain are metabolically active and where particular genes are expressed -- and for making quantitative anatomical comparisons with other, genetically engineered mouse strains. (sciencedaily.com)
Neuroscientists around the world can now download these extremely accurate anatomical templates and use them to map other data -- such as which parts of the brain are metabolically active and where particular genes are expressed -- and for making quantitative anatomical comparisons with other, genetically engineered mouse strains," said project leader Helene Benveniste, who is a researcher in Brookhaven's medical department and a professor of anesthesiology at Stony Brook University. (sciencedaily.com)
We therefore hypothesized that genetically-determined stress response to oxycodone withdrawal drives the strain differences in oxycodone self-administration and reinstatement of oxycodone seeking. (hhs.gov)

Although apparently devoid of any nucleic acid, prions exist as different infectious strains with characteristic pathogenetic properties [1], which can be characterized from their different disease phenotypes in an inbred animal host. (phytid.org)
This mapping strategy is supported by the high heritability, large effect size of strain on phenotypes, and existing whole genome sequencing data for the WMI and WLI strains ( ~100x coverage per strain, with ~4,400 high confidence polymorphisms between strains). (hhs.gov)

finally, the classical BALB/c sponsor strain is definitely not very efficient for generating a good quantity of quality embryos. (liveconscience.com)

The present study uses the BXD Recombinant Inbred (RI) strains to identify novel quantitative trait loci (QTLs) modulating CCT in the mouse with the potential of identifying a molecular link between CCT and risk of developing POAG. (nih.gov)

Inbreeding allows scientists to stabilise the genome and fix certain traits through different generations. (yourgenome.org)
The increased role of QTL mapping and favored status of the inbred mouse in that role, are due to the improvement and development of genetic research tools (many of them pioneered by The Jackson Laboratory) to manipulate the mouse genome. (jax.org)

Of these, four develop EC spontaneously, of which females from the BDII/Han strain (hereafter BDII) is prone to develop tumors with the highest incidence (more than 90% among the virgin females) [ 12 , 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Different to the other D. willistoni strains maintained in the laboratory, the 17A2 strain spontaneously produced mutant males white-like (white eyes) and sepia-like (brown eyes) in stocks held at 17°C. In order to discover if this strain is potentially hypermutable, we submitted it to temperature stress tests. (scielo.br)

As the majority of the genes are conserved among mammals, the use of inbred animal model systems may serve as a tool for identification of underlying genes and pathways involved in tumorigenesis in humans. (biomedcentral.com)
That similarity has become all the more evident in the past 15 years as comparative genomics has demonstrated that the location of mouse and other model animal QTL can predict the location of homologous QTL in humans. (jax.org)
But for a better understanding of disease biology, an animal model like the mouse model is needed to have genetic similarities with humans. (businesstomark.com)
Beyond their reputation as pests, house flies are known to act as a vector for transmitting parasitic bacteria, protozoa, viruses, and worms that cause a range of diseases in humans, livestock, and other animals, the researchers explained. (genomeweb.com)
The mobility of house flies, their regular contact with excreta, carcasses, garbage, and other septic matter, and intimate association with animal pathogens and humans, all contribute to their roles in transmission of these diseases," Scott and his co-authors wrote. (genomeweb.com)
The Innovative Medicines Initiative-funded "Collaboration for prevention and treatment of MDR bacterial infections" (COMBINE) consortium is establishing a validated and globally harmonized preclinical model to increase reproducibility and more reliably translate results from animals to humans. (frontiersin.org)
Introduction Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are a group of fatal neurodegenerative diseases of humans and animals, caused by unconventional infectious agents known as prions. (phytid.org)
In the absence of evidence to the contrary, ATSDR assumes that humans are more sensitive to the effects of hazardous substance than animals and that certain persons may be particularly sensitive. (cdc.gov)
The prion diseases are a large group of related neurodegenerative conditions, which affect both animals and humans. (medscape.com)

CCT data for each strain was averaged and used to QTLs modulating this phenotype using the bioinformatics tools on GeneNetwork (www.genenetwork.org). (nih.gov)
Eighteen isofemale strains were used in our tests and, after the first generation, all the individuals produced in each strain were maintained at 29°C. Different phenotype alterations were observed in subsequent generations, similar to mutations already well characterized in D. melanogaster (white, sepia, blistered and curly). (scielo.br)
characterise several novel Rag1 −/− mouse strains and demonstrate that genetic background strongly influences xenograft development and phenotype. (biologists.com)

X-linked muscular dystrophy in a Labrador Retriever strain: phenotypic and molecular characterization. (researchsquare.com)
Prion diversity is revealed by transmission to laboratory animals, but this process can become tied to the varieties hurdle impact significantly, which hampers a complete characterization of human being prion strains in the mouse model [11,13]. (phytid.org)

The development of animals with targeted mutations has allowed for the examination of specific fracture healing pathways, making the use of the mouse model an increasingly valuable tool in the field of orthopaedics. (rutgers.edu)
As a result, researchers have been able to develop thousands of mouse strains with mutations that mirror those seen in human genetic disease . (yourgenome.org)
however, in spite of the obvious advantages of Aliskiren hemifumarate the inbred background few targeted mutations have been published compared to the widely used 129 Sera cell lines [1]. (liveconscience.com)

Improved access to bioinformatics tools enables scientists to process, manage, and store raw data, annotate sequences to define genes, and quantitate RNA sequence data to get insight into gene expression patterns. (genengnews.com)
Such alterations may serve as valuable tools for diagnosis and classification of tumors, prediction of clinical outcome, disease monitoring, and choice of therapy as well as for providing clues to the location of crucial cancer-related genes. (biomedcentral.com)
Using the inbred mouse as a model organism, QTL mapping has become a very important tool for finding the genes that regulate complex human diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, obesity, asthma and hypertension. (jax.org)

Recently, concern that this marker may not be as reliable as previously thought, coupled with an urgentneed for a pre-clinical live animal test, has led to the search for alternative assays for the detection of TSE disease. (biomedcentral.com)
Likewise, to further understand the species translatability of ASO-induced thrombocytopenia, in vitro platelet activity and aggregometry assays were performed using a panel of tool ASOs with different sequences and modifications. (uantwerpen.be)

The prion hypothesis equates strains to different self-propagating conformational variants of PrPSc [2], which parallel the diversity of physicochemical properties of PrPSc observed in human and animal prion diseases [3C6]. (phytid.org)
he hypothesis of this research is the alleged discrepancies of the characters from some lines of corn crops in the inbrida phase of vegetatifnya and each strain has a high degree of uniformity. (ub.ac.id)

To explore the genetics of these and other fly features, the researchers sequenced pooled genomic DNA from six adult female house flies belonging to an inbred strain called aabys. (genomeweb.com)

In 2020, the veterinary segment accounted for the largest revenue share, due to rising prevalence of several animal disorders such as seizures and severe infectious diseases, resulting in increasing R&D to develop veterinary medicines. (reportsanddata.com)

Effect of mouse strain and age on detection of mouse parvovirus 1 by use of serologic testing and polymerase chain reaction analysis. (idexxbioanalytics.com)

This result represents the most substantial improvement in lifespan observed in animal experiments to date, suggesting that NecB may hold promise as a potential therapeutic agent for promoting longevity and addressing age-related degeneration. (bvsalud.org)
The vole can be consequently a very important model to review human being prion variety and, being susceptible to a range of animal prions, represents a unique tool for comparing isolates from different species. (phytid.org)

Amy Radunz, a nutritionist from the department of animal sciences at the University of Wisconsin in River Falls, has partnered with molecular biologist Hasan Khatib, an associate professor at University of Wisconsin-Madison, to ask how differences in maternal diet during pregnancy induce gene expression and DNA methylation changes in fetal tissues in sheep. (genengnews.com)

Laboratory animals , 40 (3), 247-260. (idexxbioanalytics.com)
Thus, the resulting MRL may be as much as a hundredfold below levels that have been shown to be nontoxic in laboratory animals. (cdc.gov)

In the European Union, vertebrate species represent 93% of animals used in research, and 11.5 million animals were used there in 2011. (wikipedia.org)
Inoculation of voles with scrapie-related and BSE-related strains from several species suggests that the prion strain, and not the donor species, is the major determinant of prion transmissibility RTA 402 cost between different species. (phytid.org)
Here, we investigated, in females of both D. melanogaster and D. nigrosparsa , the gene expression between animals uninfected and infected with w Mel, using RNA sequencing to see if the two Drosophila species respond to the infection in the same or different ways. (nature.com)

Animals have repeatedly been used throughout the history of biomedical research. (wikipedia.org)
Guinea pigs are important animal models for human disease, and both outbred and inbred lines are utilized in biomedical research. (cdc.gov)

Different gene expression patterns, shown by tools such as quantitative PCR, microarrays, and high-throughput RNA sequencing, reveal how organisms respond to different environments. (nature.com)

One such discovery, which has probably been pivotal in many of our research, is the discovery of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) , commonly used as an invaluable tool to monitor protein for cellular expression and localization studies. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)

Here, using the VetScan VSpro veterinary point-of-care platform, we developed reference intervals in both juvenile and adult strain 13/N guinea pigs for three coagulation parameters: prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and fibrinogen. (cdc.gov)
This phenomenon is chemicals, biologics, and medical devices for pared with exposure in adult animals. (cdc.gov)

With the emergence of new infectious diseases, the animal model has become a vital tool for studying disease mechanisms and developing therapeutics. (medgadget.com)

The results obtained support the conclusion that the system M-406 plus the inbred mouse lines CBi, CBi − and CBi/L, is a good murine model to study the process of tumor immunoediting. (biomedcentral.com)
The authors used a new animal model, the bank vole, which appears to address these issues. (phytid.org)
The authors conclude that the vole model is a valuable tool for comparing animal and human prions. (phytid.org)
The WMI is an established animal model of depression and vulnerability to stress, while the WLI serves as its isogenic control. (hhs.gov)
Genetic animal model, contextual fear conditioning, anxiety. (bvsalud.org)

The vCJD crisis highlights the need for experimental approaches that are able to characterize human prions and to estimate the risk of animal prions for man. (phytid.org)
They observed that these rodents are highly susceptible to sporadic CreutzfeldtCJakob disease (sCJD) and genetic CreutzfeldtCJakob disease (gCJD), as well as to several animal prions. (phytid.org)

In human research, significant advancement has been achieved with molecular biological tools. (businesstomark.com)
Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent sensors have emerged as promising molecular tools for cancer imaging and detection in living systems. (dovepress.com)

Current tests for the diagnosis of these diseases are based on the detection of an abnormal misfolded form of the host protein PrP which is found within the central nervous and lymphoreticular systems of affected animals. (biomedcentral.com)
Studies at both terminal stages of disease and throughout the time course of disease have shown a disease specific protein profile or "disease fingerprint" which could be used to distinguish between groups of TSE infected and uninfected animals at an early time point of disease. (biomedcentral.com)
Differential protein expression profiling has the potential to be used for the detection of disease in TSE infected animals. (biomedcentral.com)

But once it was finished, Clarence was able to choose one characteristic, for example a brown coat, and produce an endless supply of animals with that trait. (yourgenome.org)
[3] It is a common misconception that all albino animals have characteristic pink or red eyes (resulting from the lack of pigment in the iris allowing the blood vessels of the retina to be visible), however this is not the case for some forms of albinism. (wikipedia.org)

Their work may be the development of research tools which allowed a great discovery leading to a line of transformative research, a moment of serendipity leading to discovery of a cure, or just contributions to the development of a new field or the mentoring of a new generation of scientists and clinicians. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)

The progress being made by a number of companies and academic researchers enabling resolution of questions from genomic analysis was shared at the recent "Plant and Animal Conference" in San Diego. (genengnews.com)

Animal testing, also known as animal experimentation, animal research, and in vivo testing, is the use of non-human animals in experiments that seek to control the variables that affect the behavior or biological system under study. (wikipedia.org)
Experimental research with animals is usually conducted in universities, medical schools, pharmaceutical companies, defense establishments, and commercial facilities that provide animal-testing services to the industry. (wikipedia.org)
The focus of animal testing varies on a continuum from pure research, focusing on developing fundamental knowledge of an organism, to applied research, which may focus on answering some questions of great practical importance, such as finding a cure for a disease. (wikipedia.org)
The terms animal testing, animal experimentation, animal research, in vivo testing, and vivisection have similar denotations but different connotations. (wikipedia.org)
Animal research" redirects here. (wmflabs.org)
Animal testing , also known as animal experimentation , animal research , and in vivo testing , is the use of non-human animals in experiments (although some research about animals involves only natural behaviors or pure observation, such as a mouse running a maze or field studies of chimp troops ). (wmflabs.org)
The research is conducted inside universities, medical schools, pharmaceutical companies, farms, defense establishments, and commercial facilities that provide animal-testing services to industry. (wmflabs.org)
Animals are also used for education, breeding, and defense research. (wmflabs.org)
Although the development of research tools, whether imaging tools, vectors, animal models, cell lines, and such are not heralded, they always assist in the pivotal discoveries of our time. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Pet versions that are ideal for research with sCJD or gCJD consequently represent a significant progress in understanding the degree to which different clinico-pathological forms represent different strains, RTA 402 cost and whether atypical forms are due to book prion strains. (phytid.org)
This research uses the draft single plant with trunks 80 cm x 35 cm, consisting of 21 lines corn with each strain consisting of 60 plants, so there is an overall land area 3300 m2. (ub.ac.id)
The optimal maintenance of guinea pig colonies, commercially and in research settings, relies on robust informed breeding programs, however, breeding data on specialized inbred strains are limited. (cdc.gov)

The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019 has prompted animal models to study its pathology and develop an effective treatment. (medgadget.com)

This approach can be contrasted with field studies in which animals are observed in their natural environments or habitats. (wikipedia.org)
For other uses, see Animal studies (disambiguation) . (wmflabs.org)
In our studies, we have used non-fasted animals. (pancreapedia.org)
Although both clinical and animal studies have found that the rate of onset of drug action influences the development of addiction, the exceptionally strong abuse liability of oxycodone was manifested even when it was consumed in the controlled-release from. (hhs.gov)
These studies provide valuable information regarding the reproductive characteristics of strain 13/N guinea pigs, and support a variety of breeding approaches without significant effects on breeding success. (cdc.gov)
Although human data are preferred, MRLs often must be based on animal studies because relevant human studies are lacking. (cdc.gov)

Recent years have seen growing interest in the development of genetic animal models to investigate the bidirectional relationship between trait anxiety and defensive reactions. (bvsalud.org)

The Mouse Phenome Database (MPD) is particularly useful for helping investigators select the most appropriate strains to cross in a QTL mapping project. (jax.org)
Some of the investigators have used overnight fasted animals while others used non-fasted animals for induction of L-arginine induced acute pancreatitis. (pancreapedia.org)

In education, animal testing is sometimes a component of biology or psychology courses. (wikipedia.org)

Furthermore, careful re-introduction of biological variation, be that through outbred populations, environmental diversity or including animals of both sexes, can ensure that results are more broadly applicable and are less impacted by particular traits of homogeneous experimental populations. (biologists.com)

During selection, the lines were inbred by limiting the population size [ 9 ] until an average theoretical inbreeding coefficient of approximately 0.985 was reached. (biomedcentral.com)
From then on, a regular system of inbreeding involving full-sib (FS) mating was applied and maintained for more than 30 generations giving rise to CBi/L FS, CBi − FS and CBi FS lines. (biomedcentral.com)
All strains are F20 or greater and the lines were called distributable when obligate parents of the line (not individual animals) had a UNION heterozygosity maximum of 90% typed on MUGA or MegaMUGA. (jax.org)

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy describes a family of diseases affecting both man and animals. (biomedcentral.com)
Animal models are useful tools for studying diseases such as cancer. (biomedcentral.com)

This substantial increase in plasma level contributed to the complete resolution of clinical symptoms in animals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). (bvsalud.org)

The D. willistoni 17A2 strain was collected in 1991 in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (30°05'S, 51°39'W), and has been maintained since then at the Drosophila laboratory of UFRGS. (scielo.br)
The Wolbachia strain w Mel was recently found to increase locomotor activities and possibly trigger cytoplasmic incompatibility in the transinfected fly Drosophila nigrosparsa . (nature.com)

Our results show many differentially expressed proteins in diseased and control animals, some at early stages of disease. (biomedcentral.com)
Ten days after starting the injections, periodontal disease was induced in the animals from groups B and S by tying a sterile silk suture thread around the upper right second molar. (bvsalud.org)
The transmission of this disease was demonstrated first in 1943 when a population of Scottish sheep was accidentally inoculated against a common virus using a formalin extract of lymphoid tissue from an animal with scrapie. (medscape.com)

Our results indicate that the D. willistoni 17A2 strain is a candidate for hypermutability, which presents considerable cryptic genetic variability. (scielo.br)

The Jackson Laboratory Diagnostics Laboratory routinely monitors and documents animal health status using statistically valid sampling procedures and standard protocols. (jax.org)

Our preliminary data showed higher levels of oxycodone intake and oxycodone seeking in the WMI compared to the WLI strains. (hhs.gov)

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