• Among the important diseases caused by viroids, are the potato spindle tuber, citrus exocortis, chrysanthemum stunt, chrysanthemum chlorotic mottle, cucumber pale fruit and cadang-cadang of coconut. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • The effect of peanut mottle virus infection on growth and yield of peanuts. (croptrust.org)
  • 1977. Seed transmission of peanut mottle virus in peanuts. (croptrust.org)
  • Some properties of a peanut mottle virus (PMoV) isolate from soybeans in South Africa. (croptrust.org)
  • PStV infection has a highly variable effect on groundnut yield, depending on the test conditions, cultivar and the virus isolate. (croptrust.org)
  • Symptoms on groundnut plants vary, depending on virus isolate and groundnut cultivar. (croptrust.org)
  • Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) (genus Potexvirus , family Flexiviridae ), a widespread plant virus, is a promising candidate expression vector for plants because of its high level of accumulation in its hosts and the absence of severe infection symptoms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We have generated a novel tool for the expression of recombinant proteins in plants and for the functional analysis of virus and plant genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 35S RNA Interference Targeting V2 Gene of Cotton Leaf Curl Kokhran Virus-Burewala Strain Can remain Resistance in Transgenic Cotton Plants. (be-mindful.de)
  • Begum N, Sharma B, Pandey RS( 2011) mosaic transgenic and Anti AchE vein of Some Plant Extracts in Musca Domestica. (be-mindful.de)
  • The genomes of satellites range upward from 359 nucleotides in length for satellite tobacco ringspot virus RNA (STobRV). (wikipedia.org)
  • In comparison, the smallest viruses have a genome size of about 4,000 nucleotides. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • Most viruses have the capability to use host enzymes or their own replication machinery to independently replicate their own viral RNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • A satellite virus important to human health that demonstrates the need for co-infection to replicate and infect within a host is the virus that causes hepatitis D. Hepatitis D or delta virus (HDV) was discovered in 1977 by Mario Rizzetto and is differentiated from hepatitis A, B, and C because it requires viral particles from hepatitis B virus (HBV) to replicate and infect liver cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is the predominant viral pathogen that affects the yield and quality of soybean. (ppjonline.org)
  • Moreover, limited viral genome sizes and coding capacities have resulted in evolution of multifunctional proteins that are involved in different steps in the virus life cycle, including replication, movement, encapsidation and transmission. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Since the first viral Avr factor and antiviral R genes were identified in 1984 [ 22 ] and 1994 [ 23 ] , increasingly diverse Avr factors and R proteins have been characterized in different virus-plant combinations. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Some cookies wake rendered that institutes has in general goals and that under viral crops it has a undersea fresh lake with spectacular anti-virus animal( Steinbrecher, l996). (be-mindful.de)
  • The symbiotic relationship between a satellite and a helper virus to catalyze the replication of a satellite genome is also dependent on the host to provide components like replicases to carry out replication. (wikipedia.org)
  • The emergence of satellite RNA is said to have come from either the genome of the host or its co-infecting agents, and any vectors leading to transmission. (wikipedia.org)
  • The essence of these infectious clones is that they represent a DNA gene bank that contains the complete genome information of the virus ( Boyer and Haenni, 1994 ). (ppjonline.org)
  • Plant viruses contain single-stranded or double-stranded RNA or DNA genomes and vary substantially in their genome structure and organization. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • and even more distantly to TMV-type strain , TMV-U2 strain , tomato mosaic virus and ribgrass mosaic virus . (dpvweb.net)
  • 1993. Reaction of Arachis germplasm to peanut stripe, peanut mottle and tomato spotted wilt viruses. (croptrust.org)
  • A virus with tubular particles 300 nm long and 18 nm in diameter. (dpvweb.net)
  • Particles of the virus are strongly immunogenic. (dpvweb.net)
  • The particles of frangipani mosaic virus are morphologically indistinguishable from those of other tobamoviruses. (dpvweb.net)
  • They encode structural proteins to enclose their genetic material, which are therefore distinct from the structural proteins of their helper viruses. (wikipedia.org)
  • Satellite nucleic acids, in contrast, do not encode their own structural proteins, but instead are encapsulated by proteins encoded by their helper viruses. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, in some plant species or varieties, virus-encoded proteins can sometimes act as determinants in plant defense responses and as host-controlled pawns to elicit extreme resistance (ER). (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Wildfire of tobacco is widespread in the world and shows itself as yellowish-green spots on leaves. (eos.com)
  • At 35°C in the same tobacco cultivar, strain Adel gave faint necrotic ringspots, strain Ald gave bright necrotic ringspots and strain Del gave large ringspots both in inoculated and in tip leaves. (dpvweb.net)
  • This method of construction not only makes up for the time-consuming and laborious defect of traditional methods used to construct infectious cDNA clones, but also avoids the toxicity of the Potyvirus special sequence to Escherichia coli , thus providing a useful cloning strategy for the construction of infectious cDNA clones for other viruses and laying down a foundation for the further investigation of SMV cross-family infection mechanisms. (ppjonline.org)
  • The virus is easily purified from infected leaves of frangipani or N. glutinosa by several methods. (dpvweb.net)
  • Investigating grapevine red blotch virus infection in Vitis vinifera L. cv. (usda.gov)
  • Characterization of 11 new viruses or new hosts and locations for known viruses in collaborations with foreign partners (Azerbaijan, Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia, Turkey and Venezuela). (inrae.fr)
  • Characterization of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 genetic variants and application towards RT-qPCR assay design. (usda.gov)
  • the symptoms of these hosts were similar to those caused by the virus isolated from natural infected plant tissue. (ppjonline.org)
  • On the other hand, as obligate intracellular parasites, plant viruses absolutely depend on the host cell machinery to multiply, move throughout the plant and spread to susceptible hosts. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • A satellite is a subviral agent that depends on the coinfection of a host cell with a helper virus for its replication. (wikipedia.org)
  • Satellites, in contrast, are completely dependent on a helper virus for replication. (wikipedia.org)
  • A satellite virus of mamavirus that inhibits the replication of its host has been termed a virophage. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our experiments have also highlighted virus requirements for replication in single cells as well as intercellular and long-distance movement. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Plant viruses are useful expression vectors because they can mount systemic infections allowing large amounts of recombinant protein to be produced rapidly in differentiated plant tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Early vectors suffered from limitations such as instability and low yields, but this has been addressed by the genetic modification of vector sequences and by delivering virus vectors into plant cells using Agrobacterium tumefaciens [ 39 , 40 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Groundnut viruses and virus diseases: distribution, identification and control. (croptrust.org)
  • Of those, SMV is the predominant virus known to infect soybean. (ppjonline.org)
  • Viroids differ from viruses in having no coat enclosing the nucleic acid which in these agents is a small single stranded circular RNA. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • Infectious clones for plant viruses refer to DNA clones that have been constructed artificially using molecular biology techniques and have the same infectious activity as plant viruses under natural conditions. (ppjonline.org)
  • information of Transgenic Hybrid Squash ZW-20 Expressing the Coat Protein Genes of Zucchini Yellow particular Virus and Watermelon infectious Virus 2 to many transgenes by Both commercials. (be-mindful.de)
  • 2000). Adams and Kuhn (1977) reported that seed transmission is due to the presence of the virus in the embryo. (croptrust.org)
  • for home, things 8th from mathematical viruses or progeny variables may be shown for metabolism with Cas9-based crops. (be-mindful.de)
  • The possible use of PepMV as a virus-induced gene silencing vector to study gene function was also demonstrated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Field Evaluation of Transgenic Squash Containing Single or Multiple Virus Coat Protein Gene Constructs for Resistance to Cucumber vertical Virus, Watermelon other Virus 2, and Zucchini Yellow yellow Virus. (be-mindful.de)
  • Broad Spectrum Resistance to ssDNA Viruses Associated with Transgene-Induced Gene Silencing in Cassava. (be-mindful.de)
  • We explored several strategies for vector development including coat protein (CP) replacement, duplication of the CP subgenomic promoter (SGP) and the creation of a fusion protein using the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) 2A catalytic peptide. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There was no detectable serological relationship with Sammons opuntia virus even though comparisons of coat protein composition indicate a close affinity ( Description No. 184 ). (dpvweb.net)
  • Scientists discovered that the first satellite had the components to make its own protein shell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Viruses can be critical players in pathogenesis through direct or indirect interactions. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Properties, serological relationships and particle morphology place the virus in the tobamovirus group . (dpvweb.net)
  • Grapevine red blotch virus alters grape skin cell-wall composition impacting phenolic extractability during winemaking. (usda.gov)
  • 1996. Interception of peanut stripe virus in groundnut germplasm imported from China. (croptrust.org)
  • A stable PepMV vector was generated by expressing the transgene as a CP fusion using the sequence encoding the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) 2A catalytic peptide to separate them. (biomedcentral.com)
  • First report of grapevine red blotch virus, the causal agent of grapevine red blotch disease in vitis vinifera in North Carolina. (usda.gov)
  • When people are talking about complex things like the Covid-19 virus and the pandemic we're in, it's important to have a trusting relationship with a health care provider with true expertise in medical science - whether an individual person or a practice - to help us sort through the noise presented to us by social media and politics. (issuu.com)