• The biosynthesis of tropane and tobacco alkaloids has been extensively studied since the 1950's. (gla.ac.uk)
  • The introduction of this thesis contains descriptions of tropane alkaloid structure and occurrence, tobacco alkaloid structure and occurrence, pharmacology of tropane alkaloids, pharmacology of tobacco alkaloids and finally, the aims of the project. (gla.ac.uk)
  • A critical review of the biosynthesis of the tropane and tobacco alkaloids is presented in conjunction with a simplified description of the production and manipulation of transformed root cultures. (gla.ac.uk)
  • In addition the selectivity of the enzymes involved in tropane and tobacco alkaloid biosynthesis was studied. (gla.ac.uk)
  • isoquinoline alkaloid causes "epidemic dropsy" in humans. (poultryhelp.com)
  • Isoquinoline alkaloids - Isoquinoline alkaloids 1-Benzyl isoquinoline type: Papaverine: An opiate alkaloid isolated from the plant Papaver somniferum and produced synthetically. (powershow.com)
  • The plant, Cytisus laburnum , contains an alkaloid cytisine which is a nicotine analogue, acting as a partial nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist. (bmj.com)
  • 22nd Century is a plant biotechnology company whose proprietary technology allows for the levels of nicotine and other nicotinic alkaloids (e.g., nornicotine, anatabine and anabasine) in the tobacco plant to be decreased or increased through genetic engineering or plant breeding. (advfn.com)
  • Prenatal exposure to tobacco extract containing nicotinic alkaloids produces morphological and behavioral changes in newborn rats. (bvsalud.org)
  • Tobacco ( Nicotiana spp) contains the toxic and addictive alkaloid nicotine. (thecanadianencyclopedia.ca)
  • Allometric analysis of the induced flavonols on the leaf surface of wild tobacco (Nicotiana attenuata). (mpg.de)
  • Rapid HPLC screening of jasmonate-induced increases in tobacco alkaloids, phenolics, and diterpene glycosides in Nicotiana attenuata. (mpg.de)
  • Wild tobacco, Nicotiana rustica , was cultivated by Native Indians in eastern North America and is presently cultivated in Turkey, India, and several European countries. (fsu.edu)
  • Glaucous Tobacco or Nicotiana glauca is a plant of the family Solanaceae, native to Mexico and the southwestern United States. (rarexoticseeds.com)
  • The plant, from the lily family, in fact contains colchicine, an alkaloid from which a powerful treatment for granulocytic leukemia is now made. (dhushara.com)
  • Although, nicotine is not a direct cause of most diseases associated with tobacco use, it is highly addictive, which can lead to tobacco product dependence and chronic exposure to the carcinogens and bioactive compounds in tobacco. (cdc.gov)
  • Alkaloids are nitrogenous organic compounds that have marked effects on human physiology and nicotine is the primary addictive ingredient that acts as a stimulant and makes tobacco smoking habit forming. (fsu.edu)
  • Nicotine is an addictive alkaloid in cigarette smoke and is responsible for tobacco dependence. (aspetjournals.org)
  • This enzyme participates in alkaloid biosynthesis ii. (wikipedia.org)
  • cardiovascular system affected by alkaloid toxins. (poultryhelp.com)
  • gastrointestinal tract affected by alkaloid toxins. (poultryhelp.com)
  • alkaloid toxins may cause respiratory failure. (poultryhelp.com)
  • Specific alkaloids such as vinblastine are toxins that protect the plant against pathogens and other threats to their health. (brocku.ca)
  • alkaloid is applied to nitrogen containing molecules belonging to one of the largest and most diverse families of naturally occurring compounds. (slideshare.net)
  • Alkaloids are nitrogen-containing compounds produced by plants with a broad range of biological activities. (brocku.ca)
  • Alkaloids (Lecture 5) - Alkaloids (Lecture 5) By Ms. Tehseen Quds Learning Objectives At the end of this lecture students will be able to: Identify Opium and their alkaloids. (powershow.com)
  • 5. A cigarette shal be a roll of tobacco that can be consumed via a combustion process and is further defined in Article 83 of the Excise Duty Act. (who.int)
  • De Luca, a Brock University Professor of Biology, and more than 100 of his students have spent years examining how an alkaloid called vinblastine found in the Madagascar periwinkle is biosynthesized, a process that converts simple molecules through enzyme catalysts into more intricate products. (brocku.ca)
  • Furthermore, the sum of these metabolites may more accurately describe the exposure of individuals and groups to tobacco products compared to the most commonly used biomarker, urinary cotinine. (cdc.gov)
  • Tobacco plants will synthesize and transport alkaloids from the roots to the leaves when herbivory is detected that negatively affects this moth. (bugguide.net)
  • Nicotine is the primary tobacco-specific alkaloid in tobacco plants and tobacco smoke. (cdc.gov)
  • A seasonal worker harvests tobacco plants in a field near the eastern German town of Vierraden on July 31, 2008. (howstuffworks.com)
  • Alkaloids are chemicals that are mainly found in plants. (onteenstoday.com)
  • The use of tobacco plants to produce cultured meat could bring costs down and improve scalability for the growing product category. (foodmanufacturing.com)
  • BioBetter is repurposing tobacco plants to create the growth factors necessary for the cellular development of cultivated meat. (foodmanufacturing.com)
  • BioBetter harnessed the inherent advantages of tobacco plants by turning them into bioreactors for expression and large-scale production of the proteins. (foodmanufacturing.com)
  • Tobacco plants can achieve up to four growth cycles annually and be harvested all year. (foodmanufacturing.com)
  • The company currently sources tobacco plants from local growers, but the goal is to eventually source the raw material from tobacco growers globally. (foodmanufacturing.com)
  • De Luca says the molecular pathways can be transferred to simple organisms such as bacteria or yeast for fermentation processes or to tobacco or other plants that can be cultivated locally. (brocku.ca)
  • It is an abundant crop that has no place in the food-and-feed chain due to its extremely bitter taste and content of undesirable alkaloids. (foodmanufacturing.com)
  • In addition to the total alkaloid nicotine methods, SEAL also offers many methods for tobacco analysis including the following CRMs: No.36 - Nitrate, No.37 - Reducing Substances (total sugars), and No.38 - Reducing Carbohydrates (sugars). (seal-analytical.com)
  • Collaborating with China Tobacco Company, 16 of the participating labs used SEAL's AA3 continuous flow analyzer including British American Tobacco (BAT). (seal-analytical.com)
  • SEAL partners with BAT (British American Tobacco) for method development worldwide. (seal-analytical.com)
  • British American Tobacco Plc (BTI): Very smart move on the part of both BAT. (advfn.com)
  • This partnership with British American Tobacco, which sells product in approximately 180 countries, represents 22nd Century's greatest growth milestone to date and an important step in the development of 22nd Century's next generation tobacco products. (advfn.com)
  • The form contained in tobacco leaves and the most 'biologically active and' the enantiomer S (-) left-handed. (famresri.org)
  • It would be very surprising if the range of chemicals produced by burning surplus office paper were much different from those produced by burning tobacco leaves (alkaloids aside). (halfbakery.com)
  • Furthermore, if any nicotine vapor did form by burning tobacco, it would burst into flames before any residual moisture in the tobacco leaves is boiled away. (forces-nl.org)
  • During World War II when the supply of tobacco to the Balkans was interrupted, people took to smoking the leaves of Golden Rain, a shrub endemic there 1 but also seen in English gardens. (bmj.com)
  • Several studies have shown that the Subsequent chemical analysis confirmed psychostimulant effects induced by chew- that the fresh leaves contain a number of ing khat leaves include a moderate degree compounds, including phenylalkylamine of euphoria and mild excitement resulting compounds (alkaloids) such as nor- in promotion of social interaction and lo- pseudoephedrine (cathine) and alpha ami- quacity [8,11,12]. (who.int)
  • While alkaloids often exert unique pharmacological effects on animal cells, exposure of sea urchin eggs to nicotine causes polyspermy at fertilization in a dose-dependent manner. (mdpi.com)
  • This Law defines the main principles and directions of the state policy regarding the prevention of tobacco products smoking, decrease of their consumption by the population, limitation of children's access to them, protection of population's health from the damage resulting from development of deceases, disability , and mortality due to smoking of tobacco products or their consumption in other ways. (who.int)
  • The presence of nicotine in biological specimens indicates exposure to tobacco, either through the active use of tobacco, or from passive exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS). (cdc.gov)
  • and 3) to describe the relationship between tobacco use (as well as exposure to ETS) and chronic health conditions, including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. (cdc.gov)
  • And everyone knows that it is dangerous even to *look* at tobacco smoke with both eyes. (halfbakery.com)
  • For the purpose of this report, the committee defined secondhand smoke as a complex mixture that is made up of gases and particles and includes smoke from burning cigarettes, cigars, and pipe tobacco (sidestream smoke) and exhaled mainstream smoke (CDC, 2006). (nationalacademies.org)
  • 3 Although the composition of sidestream and mainstream smoke are qualitatively similar, there are substantial quantitative differences in composition between mainstream and sidestream smoke because the chemicals emitted in tobacco smoke change with temperature, oxygen concentration, pH, and the extent of combustion. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Nicotine is also important medically because of its presence in tobacco smoke. (bvsalud.org)
  • Tobacco smoke is a major source of exposure in the general population. (who.int)
  • Crotonaldehyde is also found in tobacco smoke and in cooking oils heated to a high temperature. (who.int)
  • Tobacco smoke is a major source of exposure to crotonaldehyde in the general population. (who.int)
  • CORESTA, established in 1956, is an association whose purpose is to promote international cooperation in scientific research relative to tobacco and its derived products. (seal-analytical.com)
  • Members include organizations that support R&D activities related to tobacco or its derived products. (seal-analytical.com)
  • 12. the prohibition of smoking and the use of tobacco products and related products in closed public spaces and work premises. (who.int)
  • in any case, a substantial change of circumstances is deemed not to have occurred if the sales volume of the product category at retail level does not exceed 2.5% of total sales of tobacco products at the EU level. (who.int)
  • Does the law mandate the display of Does the law ban the display of quantitative qualitative in formation on relevant information on emission yields (such as tar, nicotine constituents and emissions of tobacco and carbon monoxide) on tobacco packaging, including products on tobacco packaging? (who.int)
  • This work is part of BAT's ongoing Research & Development activities relating to tobacco products. (advfn.com)
  • Goodrich Tobacco is focused on commercial tobacco products and tobacco harm reduction products in development. (advfn.com)
  • tobacco products, relating to harmful influence of consumption of these products on human health. (who.int)
  • pack - pack, box or any other form of packing of tobacco products for sale, excluding transparent wrap, used in retail (apart from shipping containers). (who.int)
  • The legislation of Ukraine on measures to prevent and reduce consumption of tobacco products and their harmful influence on the population's health is based on the Constitution of Ukraine and consists of Fundamentals of the legislation of Ukraine on health protection, current Law and other regulations, adopted according with these. (who.int)
  • International Treaty of Ukraine establishes different rules compared to those established by the legislation of Ukraine on measures to prevent and reduce consumption of tobacco products and their harmful influence on population's health, the rules of International Treaty shall supercede. (who.int)
  • as a result of which, products manufactured from tobacco were excluded from the scope and purpose of the aforementioned legal instrument. (bvsalud.org)
  • The fact that Cuba is a producer country of multiple tobacco products has a special influence on the above. (bvsalud.org)
  • Isn't that strange, for a man abusing even so much as food, or alcohol, or tobacco, or illegal pharmaceuticals, or certain other alkaloids, to have such longevity? (espn.com)
  • Goodrich Tobacco Company, LLC and Hercules Pharmaceuticals, LLC are wholly-owned subsidiaries of 22nd Century. (advfn.com)
  • Tobacco and cigarettes butt consumption in humans and animals. (clintox.org)
  • The mixture of this quid, or chew, is a combination of the areca nut (fruit of the Areca catechu palm tree, erroneously termed betel nut) and betel leaf (from the Piper betel, a pepper shrub), tobacco, slaked lime (calcium hydroxide), and catechu (extract of the Acacia catechu tree). (medscape.com)
  • In 2014, the CORESTA (Cooperation Centre for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco) Routine Analytical Chemistry Sub-Group (RAC) undertook a study to compare a new, safer method of determining total alkaloids (as nicotine) in tobacco. (seal-analytical.com)
  • Gutka (gutkha, guttkha, or guthka): This is a manufactured version of betel quid with tobacco sold as a single-use sachet. (medscape.com)