Here we show that the mRNA expression of IL-23p19 was increased in Paneth cell (PC)-like cells stimulated by Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) ligands, peptidoglycan (PGN) and Pam3CSK4, and was further increased in the presence of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2)-ligand muramyl dipeptide (MDP). (oncotarget.com)
In the Caco-2 BBE model of polarized villus-like epithelium, apical stimulation with TLR2 and TLR5 ligands resulted in the apical secretion of IL-8. (biomedcentral.com)
Filament4
The protein structure that makes up the flagellar filament, flagellin, is conserved among all flagellated bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
D2/D3 domains, located in the central region and exposed to the outside surface of flagellar filament, are heterogeneous across bacterial species and highly immunogenic. (bvsalud.org)
The filament is composed of only one component protein, flagellin, and is made of 11 protofilaments. (bvsalud.org)
Some point mutations in flagellin make the filament straight by making all the protofilaments in one of the two states. (bvsalud.org)
Protein4
Vertebrates seem to have taken advantage of this fact by possessing an immune receptor (TLR5) designed to recognize this conserved protein. (wikipedia.org)
In neutrophils, IL-8 binding to CXCR1 triggers G protein-coupled signalling and formation of second messengers that mediate cellular migration, exocytosis of effectors and a respiratory burst to facilitate oxygen-dependent killing of phagocytosed microorganisms [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Salmonella flagellin protein, a novel agonist of TLR5 activating downstream signaling, could be a basis for designing anticancer peptides. (bvsalud.org)
We showed that LPS/zVAD- and poly I:C/zVAD-induced cell death in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) was inhibited by receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1) inhibitor necrostatin-1 and autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine. (molcells.org)
Receptor4
Flagellin is a key bacterial virulence factor that induces an inflammatory response via activation of Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) signaling. (bvsalud.org)
Flagellin is the cognate ligand for host pattern recognition receptors, toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) in the cell surface, and NAIP5/NLRC4 inflammasome in the cytosol. (bvsalud.org)
Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5), an autoimmune signaling receptor that plays a role in cancer, can be exploited for the suppression of human colon cancer. (bvsalud.org)
Our data further support the involvement of autocrine IFNs action in reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent necroptosis, LPS/zVAD-elicited ROS production was inhibited by necrostatin-1, neutralizing antibody of IFN receptor (IFNR) and JAK inhibitor AZD1480. (molcells.org)
Inflammatory1
This finding might provide us with a novel therapeutic target for inflammatory bowel disease to inhibit IL-23p19 over-expression via the NOD2-c-Rel pathway. (oncotarget.com)
Immune1
This indicated that flagellins might induce a TLR5-meditated immune response via an MyD88-dependent pathway. (bvsalud.org)
Amino3
Finally, the amino acids that participate in the TLR5-flaF interaction were identified using molecular simulation, which indicated three binding sites. (bvsalud.org)
TLR5-binding domain is located in D1 domain, where crucial amino acid sequences are conserved among diverse bacteria. (bvsalud.org)
The highly conserved C-terminal 35 amino acids of flagellin were proved to be responsible for the inflammasome activation by binding to NAIP5. (bvsalud.org)
Advantage1
Taking advantage of TLR5- and NLRC4-stimulating activities, flagellin has been actively developed as a vaccine adjuvant and immunotherapeutic. (bvsalud.org)
Factor1
Moreover, treatment with V. parahaemolyticus flagellins increased TLR5 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) expression and the production of TNF-α and IL-8 significantly. (bvsalud.org)
Activity2
Deimmunization of flagellin derivatives while preserving the TLR5/NLRC4-mediated immunomodulatory activity should be the most reasonable option for clinical application. (bvsalud.org)
During infection, ADP-heptose binds ALPK1 and activates its kinase activity. (institutcochin.fr)
Plays1
inhibited congenital download Ethos Of plays a epoxy-eicosatrienoic gene. (evakoch.com)
TLR46
The peptide demonstrating the strongest inhibition, 5R667, corresponded to the second helix of the region between the third and fourth β-strands (helix C″). In addition to the TLR5-induced cytokine expression, 5R667 inhibited cytokine expression elicited by TLR4, TLR2, and TLR9. (nih.gov)
TLR2 and TLR4 have been extensively studied, and TLR5 and TLR7 have recently gained attention in RA pathology. (medscape.com)
[ 4 ] TLR4 antagonists, anti-TLR4 antibodies, decoy peptides, and small molecule inhibitors inhibit the interaction of ligands with TLR4 to block triggering of the TLR4 signaling pathway in an extracellular or intracellular manner. (medscape.com)
[ 4 , 9 ] In particular, cell-permeable TAK-242 (resatorvid) selectively binds to TLR4 and interferes with interactions between TLR4 and two adaptor molecules of TLR4, toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor protein (TIRAP), or toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor protein inducing interferon-β-related adaptor molecule (TRAM). (medscape.com)
The localization of TLR4 to the Golgi apparatus was abrogated by expression of a genetically modified form of the TLR4 binding chaperone gp96. (silverchair.com)
LPS (TLR4 agonist), flagellin (TLR5 agonist), and FSL-1 (TLR6 agonist) reactivated HIV to a lesser extent, while Pam3CSK4 (TLR2/1 agonist) and HKLM (TLR2 agonist) only weakly reversed HIV latency in these cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Apoptosis3
It causes suppression of apoptosis by binding to Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) and activation of the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathway, the same mechanism used by tumor cells to inhibit the function of the p53 pathway ( PMID: 18403709 ). (egybio.net)
39. Mesothelin inhibits paclitaxel-induced apoptosis through the PI3K pathway. (nih.gov)
In vitro, dinaciclib is proven to suppress phosphorylation on the Rb tumor suppressor protein, to induce activation of caspase and apoptosis, and also to inhibit cell cycle progression and pro liferation in numerous tumor cell lines. (plkinhibitors.com)
Decoy peptides1
Here, a library of cell-permeable decoy peptides derived from the TLR5 TIR was screened for TLR5 signaling inhibition in the HEK-Blue-mTLR5 reporter cell line. (nih.gov)
Tumor cells1
This may both induce cell death and inhibit tumor growth in EGFR-overexpressing tumor cells. (nih.gov)
Inhibitors1
As this agent is selective towards mutant forms of EGFR, its toxicity profile may be reduced when compared to non-selective EGFR inhibitors which also inhibit wild-type EGFR. (nih.gov)
Induce1
TLRs induce intracellular signaling via dimerization of their TIR domains followed by adapter recruitment through multiple interactions of receptor and adapter TIRs. (nih.gov)
Epithelial cells2
These mucins limit binding of pathogens to epithelial cells by steric hindrance and by acting as releasable decoys for microbial adhesins. (nature.com)
28. Role of MyD88 in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation by flagellin/toll-like receptor 5 engagement in colonic epithelial cells. (nih.gov)
Immune response1
TLR5, which is activated by flagellin, plays an important role in initiating immune response to a broad spectrum of motile bacterial pathogens. (nih.gov)
TLRs1
[ 1 ] Although TLRs are the front line of innate immunity, they have been known to play an important role in triggering immune responses by recognizing various molecules released from damaged cells known as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) as well as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), viral RNA, CpG-containing DNA, and flagellin. (medscape.com)
Interaction1
40. Mesothelin-MUC16 binding is a high affinity, N-glycan dependent interaction that facilitates peritoneal metastasis of ovarian tumors. (nih.gov)
Mice1
It is about the injection of "flagellin" purified from Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin into mice and monkeys. (egybio.net)
Cell2
5R667 binding specificity was studied by time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy in a cell-based assay. (nih.gov)
27. Investigation of specific binding of designed oligodeoxynucleotide decoys to transcription factors in HT29 cell line undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). (nih.gov)
Cells3
TAK-242 dose dependently inhibited the increased expression of IL-6, IL-8, MMP-1, and VEGF in LPS-stimulated MH7A cells. (medscape.com)
33. Down-regulation of WAVE3, a metastasis promoter gene, inhibits invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells. (nih.gov)
In comparison, in latently infected rat-derived microglial cells (hT-CHME-5/HIV, clone HC14), poly (I:C), LPS and flagellin were only partially active. (biomedcentral.com)
Expression1
It also inhibited the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in poly(I:C), TLR3 activator-stimulated primary FLS, but not in IL-1β-stimulated primary FLS. (medscape.com)
Important1
To reduce its immunogenecity and toxicity, they engineered a polypeptide derived from flagellin with the "important" domains only, N and C termini separated by a linker. (egybio.net)
Release1
[ 10 ] TAK-242 is a small molecule suppressor of pathogen-induced release of inflammatory cytokines and acts by inhibiting TLR-4-mediated signaling. (medscape.com)