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AnthocyaninsVaccinium myrtillusRosaceaeBlueberry PlantPigmentationFruitGlucosidesIpomoea batatasPhotiniaVitisRibesFragariaFlavonolsGene Expression Regulation, PlantMalusSambucusPlant ExtractsPlant ProteinsFlowersVaccinium macrocarponGenes, PlantProanthocyanidinsSolanaceaeDahliaCistusZea maysGentianaPetuniaColorFlavonoidsMelastomataceaeBiosynthetic PathwaysViburnumPlants, Genetically ModifiedCornusChromatography, High Pressure LiquidLitchiDianthusPlant LeavesArabidopsisWinePharmacognosyVacciniumRosaMimulusPigments, BiologicalDelphinium
Black Currant AnthocyaninsAntioxidantsBlueberriesTotal phenolicBilberryPigments that giveCompoundsBiosynthetic pathwayPolyphenolsBerriesConcentrationsAccumulationFruitsGenesFlavonoidsHighbush blueberryBiosynthesisAntioxidant protectionStemsPreferentiallyORACBilberriesGeneEnrichmentExtractsFoodsPlantsFoundChlorophyllProgressionInflammationCellsSupplementationContentConsumptionFungalHealth benefitsHighEffectBodyResearchStudyEffectsMuscle
Black Currant Anthocyanins1
  • To examine the influence of the black currant anthocyanins (BCACs) on the disease progression of open-angle glaucoma (OAG), a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-masked trial was made in 38 patients with OAG treated by antiglaucoma drops. (karger.com)
Antioxidants9
  • Leaves were found to have levels of antioxidants approximately 25 times higher than fruit tissue, but further studies would need to be done to determine if leaf tissue could be utilized for health benefits. (usda.gov)
  • Leaf antioxidant levels were not correlated with fruit antioxidants, meaning that leaf tissue analysis could not be used during breeding to select for higher fruit antioxidant levels. (usda.gov)
  • This impact comes from their polyphenols, antioxidants that soothe tissue irritation and sluggish getting older. (grocerydirect.net)
  • Anthocyanins act as antioxidants that protect the cells and tissues in your body from oxidative stress and damage caused by free radicals. (purityproducts.com)
  • Anthocyanins are antioxidants with anti-inflammatory properties and are plentiful in bilberries. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The anthocyanins are concentrated in the skin of the berries because, as with many other fruits and vegetables, the plant skin protects the fruit from the sun and other environmental assaults by concentrating antioxidants in this key location. (superfoodsrx.com)
  • Blueberries are loaded with anthocyanins, antioxidants that clear cancer-causing free radicals from the body. (nutritiontwins.com)
  • Excellent source of antioxidants and "anthocyanins," compounds thought to help protect brain cells from toxins, improves use of glucose in the brain, and promotes communication between brain cells. (yahoo.com)
  • Packed with antioxidants and phytonutrients that help protect brain tissue from toxins. (yahoo.com)
Blueberries5
  • Since anthocyanins are natural pigments that range from dark red to blue to indigo, they are found in numerous plants and fruits, like blueberries and red grapes. (greensolutionslpc.com)
  • Besides the World War II stories, research has shown the anthocyanins found in bilberry and blueberries has a direct effect on the retina of the eye with properties to help with damaged cells. (blufftonicon.com)
  • Blueberries work their magic primarily because of their incredibly high levels of antioxidant phytonutrients - particularly one type in the flavonoid family called anthocyanin. (superfoodsrx.com)
  • Anthocyanin pigments give blueberries their intense blue-purple color. (superfoodsrx.com)
  • Blueberries have at least five different anthocyanins. (superfoodsrx.com)
Total phenolic2
  • Antioxidant capacity, as measured by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and total phenolic and total anthocyanin contents were evaluated in fruit tissues of 87 highbush blueberry (Vacciniumcorymbosum L.) and species-introgressed highbush blueberry cultivars. (blueberry.org)
  • Antioxidant capacity as measured by ORAC, total phenolic, and total anthocyanin concentrations were evaluated in fruit tissue of 87 highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) and species-introgressed blueberry (V. x. corymbosum L.) cultivars. (usda.gov)
Bilberry3
  • Similar to the blueberry, the bilberry is rich in anthocyanins. (blufftonicon.com)
  • A 2021 study found that people who drank bilberry and red grape juice daily had measurable improvements in the biomarkers of inflammation and tissue damage across 9 weeks. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • One study found that anthocyanin-rich bilberry extract may actually help reduce "bad" cholesterol levels in the blood. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Pigments that give2
  • Credit goes to their anthocyanins, antioxidant pigments that give purple vegatables and fruits their rosy hues. (grocerydirect.net)
  • From a strain of maize called Apache Red, Juvik's team bred 20 genetic varieties of purple corn, each with a unique combination of anthocyanins, the nutritious, natural pigments that give the pericarp its vibrant color. (news-medical.net)
Compounds7
  • Leucoanthocyanidin (flavan-3,4-diols) are colorless chemical compounds related to anthocyanidins and anthocyanins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Widely found in plant tissues, phenolic compounds tend to be aromatic and contribute to the color, flavor and acidity of fruits. (news-medical.net)
  • While analyses of the extracts showed that the pericarp is an abundant source of anthocyanins and phenolic compounds, the concentration varied significantly among the varieties. (news-medical.net)
  • To study the compounds' impact on insulin resistance, the metabolic dysfunction associated with diabetes, the scientists used a cell-signaling protein to induce insulin resistance in the mouse fat cells, then treated the cells with the anthocyanin compounds and monitored their glucose uptake. (news-medical.net)
  • These and other antioxidant compounds protect tissues from free radical attack, a key factor in healthy aging. (supervits.com)
  • The present invention relates to compounds, compositions, and methods for modulating the level of a chemokine in a cell by administering to a cell an effective amount of a depside, an anthocyanin, or combinations thereof. (justia.com)
  • The anthocyanins are a group of well-studied phenolic compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, and cancer chemopreventative activities (21). (justia.com)
Biosynthetic pathway1
  • There were multiple known genes under cis-and trans-regulatory variants in modules from Weighted Correlation Network Analysis involved in anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway and carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. (phys.org)
Polyphenols2
Berries5
  • Haskap berries, often referred to as a superfood, have garnered interest for their highly enriched bioactive (poly)phenols predominantly anthocyanins i.e. (researchgate.net)
  • Berries from both RDI-1 treatments showed the highest accumulation of anthocyanins, upregulating the expression of many genes of the flavonoid pathway since the beginning of veraison until harvest, far after the water deficit was released. (frontiersin.org)
  • Despite the fact that a common and clear definition of "berries" is not shared among different scientific areas, the phytochemical pattern of these fruits is mainly characterized by anthocyanins, flavanols, flavonols, and tannins, which showed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in humans. (mdpi.com)
  • When eaten in berries and other fruits, anthocyanins offer powerful health benefits. (greensolutionslpc.com)
  • The anthocyanins create the beautiful purple-blue color of these berries, which contributes to the strong antioxidant properties. (blufftonicon.com)
Concentrations1
  • M. K. Ehlenfeldt and R. L. Prior, "Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) and Phenolic and Anthocyanin Concentrations in Fruit and Leaf Tissues of Highbush Brueberry," Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Vol. 49, No. 5, 2001, pp. 2222-2227. (scirp.org)
Accumulation5
  • The moderate deficit irrigation treatments enhanced anthocyanin accumulation with respect to the severe ones regardless of the period when they were applied (pre- or post-veraison). (frontiersin.org)
  • The water deficit imposed during the lag-phase downregulated many genes throughout the flavonoid pathway, showing a slight reduction in anthocyanin accumulation. (frontiersin.org)
  • The research team has discovered two transcription factor genes DhMYB2 and DhbHLH1 that are closely related to the accumulation of anthocyanins in the petals of Dendrobium autumnale. (catas.cn)
  • The anthocyanin 5- aromatic acyltransferase gene underwent cis-trans compensating regulation and the glutathione s-transferase F11 gene with cis-trans enhancing regulation exhibited much higher expression in N. nucifera to promote anthocyanin accumulation. (phys.org)
  • The expression level of the lycopene ε-cyclase gene was significantly higher in N. lutea to promote carotenoid accumulation, suggesting cis-and trans-regulatory variants involved in the rewiring of the anthocyanin and carotenoid gene regulatory networks. (phys.org)
Fruits3
  • Haskap fruits are known for their high content of anthocyanins (from 400 to 1500 mg/100 g) [45]. (researchgate.net)
  • Anthocyanins are water-soluble phytochemicals found in the tissues of plants like leaves, stems, flowers, and fruits. (greensolutionslpc.com)
  • After all, research shows red fruits such as cranberry and pomegranate contain high levels of anthocyanins - the group of deep red, purple, and blue pigments found in plants that are also known as flavonoids. (purityproducts.com)
Genes4
  • Micro-particle bombardment is used to co-transform epidermal cells with a host response gene in combination with genes that regulate anthocyanin production. (usda.gov)
  • The team excavated the key genes that regulate the anthocyanin synthesis in the flowers of Dendrobium autumnale, established a technical system based on VIGS to rapidly study the function of genes related to the flower organs of Dendrobium autumnale, and used it to successfully regulate the flower color of commercial flowers. (catas.cn)
  • Combined with contents of total anthocyanidins and carotenoids in high-performance liquid chromatography, they focused on the role of cis-and trans-regulatory variants on key genes involved in anthocyanin and carotenoid biosynthesis pathways. (phys.org)
  • In addition, hub genes in modules from anthocyanin-and carotenoid-related weighted co-expression networks were preferentially regulated by trans-only with dominant inheritance, which involved the rewiring of the anthocyanin and carotenoid gene regulatory networks between the two species. (phys.org)
Flavonoids1
  • Tonics are very gentle and slow stimulants, and they provide nutrients that the body can use, such as vitamins, minerals, and many other constituents like plant pigments, such as anthocyanins or flavonoids. (healthy.net)
Highbush blueberry1
  • To evaluate variation among varieties, antioxidant levels were evaluated in fruit and leaf tissue of 87 highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) and species-introgressed blueberry (V. x corymbosum L.) cultivars. (usda.gov)
Biosynthesis1
  • The measurements of cluster temperature and light exposure highlighted that under deficit irrigation conditions, the effects induced by water stress prevailed over that of light and temperature in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis. (frontiersin.org)
Antioxidant protection3
  • This includes supplying the body with antioxidant protection against free radical damage to the body's tissues. (ubuntumanual.org)
  • The vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients inside these healthy foods provide a wide range of benefits, including vital antioxidant protection that helps defend your cells and tissues from oxidative stress. (purityproducts.com)
  • 23 Scientists at the US Department of Agriculture advise that we ingest foods equivalent to 3,000-5,000 ORAC units per day in order to maintain optimal antioxidant protection in bodily tissues and plasma 24,25 -a number that may be too low . (lifeextension.com)
Stems1
  • This production of anthocyanins in roots, stems, and especially leaf tissues is believed to provide resistance against these environmental hazards. (wildblueberries.com)
Preferentially1
  • Nervous and muscle tissues preferentially oxidize ketones over fatty acids, glucose, or amino acids under normal conditions. (medscape.com)
ORAC6
  • ORAC and phenolic levels were evaluated in leaf tissues of the same materials. (blueberry.org)
  • Average values for ORAC, phenolics, and anthocyanins in fruit were 15.9 ORAC units, 1.79 mg/g (gallic acid equivalents), and 0.95 mg/g (cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents), respectively. (blueberry.org)
  • In leaf tissue, values for both ORAC and phenolics were significantly higher than in fruit tissue, with mean values of 490 ORAC units and 44.80 mg/g (gallic acid equivalents), respectively. (blueberry.org)
  • Leaf ORAC had a low, but significant, correlation with fruit phenolics and anthocyanins, but not with fruit ORAC. (blueberry.org)
  • ORAC and phenolic levels were evaluated in leaf tissue of the same materials. (usda.gov)
  • Average values for ORAC, phenolics, and anthocyanins in fruit were 15.9 ORAC units (1 unit is 1 micromule Trolox Equivalent), 1.79 mg/g (gallic acid equivalents), and 0.95 mg/g (cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents), respectively. (usda.gov)
Bilberries3
Gene4
  • The effects of the transiently expressed host response gene on fungal development are observed microscopically on the living coleoptile tissues. (usda.gov)
  • On this basis, the research team has recently successfully suppressed the expression of DhMYB2 in Dendrobium autumnale using VIGS technology with DhMYB2 as the target gene, resulting in a phenotype of reduced or missing anthocyanin content in petals, sepals and lips. (catas.cn)
  • It is further confirmed that DhMYB2 is a key gene regulating anthocyanin synthesis in the above tissues. (catas.cn)
  • The results revealed that trans-regulatory variants had higher correlations on the differentiation of gene expression in petal tissues between the two species. (phys.org)
Enrichment2
  • Haskap berry is a rich source of anthocyanins and (poly)phenols with a notable enrichment of cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside (C3G), a potent anti-inflammatory agent. (researchgate.net)
  • Similar data mining identified this conjugate in potato tubers with enrichment in peel tissues. (bvsalud.org)
Extracts1
  • Using pressurized water, postdoctoral researcher and study co-author Diego Luna-Vital extracted the anthocyanins from the pericarp of the corn kernels, creating anthocyanin-rich water extracts that were then freeze-dried. (news-medical.net)
Foods3
  • Blue foods contain anthocyanins, a naturally occurring plant compound that gives them their deep rich hue and powerful antioxidant capacity. (wildblueberries.com)
  • Anthocyanins are one class of phenols, and studies have associated the consumption of anthocyanin-rich foods with reduced risks of cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes and certain types of cancer. (news-medical.net)
  • Foods containing anthocyanins have been used in herbal folk medicines since at least the 12th century. (thealternativedaily.com)
Plants4
  • Their power may be because plants that produce anthocyanins do so as a protective mechanism against environmental stressors, such as ultraviolet light, cold temperatures, and drought. (wildblueberries.com)
  • You may never have heard the word anthocyanin before, but you most certainly recognize the effects they have on plants. (greensolutionslpc.com)
  • It means that your plants are protecting themselves from the coming cold and protecting their tissues during impending times of stress. (greensolutionslpc.com)
  • Plants invest in anthocyanins to protect young leaves in spring, as chlorophyll is prone to UV-light damage in cool conditions. (saturdayeveningpost.com)
Found3
  • The body utilizes nutrients found in walnuts to build new cells and repair damaged tissue, thus promoting healthy joints. (ubuntumanual.org)
  • A key marker of insulin resistance decreased by 29%-64%, they found, and the cells' glucose uptake decreased by 30%-139%, depending on the chemical composition of the anthocyanins used. (news-medical.net)
  • Taking proanthocyanidin, a chemical found in grape seed extract, does not reduce breast tissue hardness, pain, or tenderness in people treated with radiation therapy for breast cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
Chlorophyll2
Progression1
  • Anthocyanins can even inhibit the creation and progression of cancer tumor cells by stopping the growth of pre-malignant cells. (greensolutionslpc.com)
Inflammation2
  • To examine the impact of anthocyanins on obesity-induced inflammation, then-graduate student and first author of the study Qiaozhi Zhang combined fat cells - called adipocytes - from mice with large immune cells called macrophages. (news-medical.net)
  • Inflammation wreaks havoc on the body by way of enzymes damaging the connective tissue in blood vessels. (thealternativedaily.com)
Cells3
  • When our body and cells are under stress, tissue can be damaged. (blufftonicon.com)
  • Large quantities can be given without harm of overstressing cells, tissues, organs or body systems. (healthy.net)
  • The anthocyanins in the blueberry's skin are key players in neutralizing free-radical damage that can lead to a multitude of ailments in our cells and tissue. (superfoodsrx.com)
Supplementation1
  • Though antioxidant supplementation is unlikely to change this response, several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of anthocyanin-rich supplements, in reducing the decline in muscle strength due to exercise-induced muscle damage. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
Content1
Consumption1
  • The results of small-scale randomized controlled trials suggest that consumption of flavonoid-rich food and beverages containing anthocyanins or flavan-3-ols may improve vascular endothelial function. (oregonstate.edu)
Fungal1
Health benefits1
High2
  • Yellow and red peppers are high in vitamin C, which strengthens the immune system and helps tissues strengthen themselves against tumor invasion. (nutritiontwins.com)
  • High in beta carotene and other natural substances that help protect brain tissue from toxins. (yahoo.com)
Effect2
Body2
  • After 11 weeks, body weight, serum biochemical indices and the mRNA expressions of the liver tissue, as well as the outward appearance, weight and histopathological analysis of liver and adipose tissues were evaluated. (medsci.org)
  • Neural tissue has far more metabolic activity than other tissues of the body. (medscape.com)
Research2
  • Research has also shown that CLA may contribute to the repair of joint tissue, making it a valuable treatment for osteoarthritis. (ubuntumanual.org)
  • Although scientists still aren't sure how or why anthocyanins prevent disease, two decades of research (animal and human studies) have suggested that anthocyanins play an important role in helping reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), cognitive decline, and cancer. (wildblueberries.com)
Study1
  • In our study, the BP-and CEsupplemented diets have been expressed as mg C3GE/g DW and comprised of 1.69 mg total anthocyanins (C3GE) per mouse per day which is equivalent to 320 mg total anthocyanin per day for a human. (researchgate.net)
Effects1
Muscle2