Tissue macrophage. Medical search. Frequent questions

This, in turn, establishes chronic inflammation and tissue pathology in mice with important ramifications for DNA repair-deficient, progeroid syndromes and aging. (nature.com)
Using mice with an engineered ERCC1-XPF defect in tissue-infiltrating macrophages, we provide evidence for a fundamental mechanism by which irreparable DNA damage triggers an exosome-based, metabolic reprogramming that leads to chronic inflammation and tissue pathology in NER progeroid syndromes and likely also during aging. (nature.com)
We further discuss how injuries alter tissue environments and how this primes mononuclear phagocytes to enforce this particular environment, for example, to support host defense and pathogen clearance, to support the resolution of inflammation, to support epithelial and mesenchymal healing, and to support the resolution of fibrosis to the smallest possible scar. (hindawi.com)
Proinflammatory polarization is associated with increased tissue degradation and propagation of inflammation whereas alternative polarization within a Th2 cytokine environment is associated with wound healing and angiogenesis. (haematologica.org)
2 Upon inflammation, the pool of resident macrophages gets quickly replaced by macrophages derived from circulating monocytes. (haematologica.org)
IMBB researchers reveal that DNA damage in tissue-infiltrating macrophages triggers an exosome-based metabolic reprogramming leading to chronic inflammation. (forth.gr)
Research carried out at the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB) of FORTH, provides evidence that persistent DNA damage triggers an exosome-based, metabolic reprogramming that leads to chronic inflammation and tissue pathology in DNA repair-deficient progeroid syndromes and likely also during aging. (forth.gr)
These findings led the team to propose a new therapeutic strategy, aimed at combating chronic inflammation and tissue damage with aging. (forth.gr)
The findings support the notion that the development of EV-based therapeutic regimens against DNA damage-driven cytoplasmic ssDNAs is a promising therapeutic strategy against chronic inflammation and tissue degeneration with aging. (forth.gr)
Macrophages are pivotal in coordinating a range of important processes in the intestines, including controlling intracellular infections and limiting damaging inflammation against the microbiota. (frontiersin.org)
We show that the monocyte:macrophage balance is disrupted in colon inflammation to favour recruitment of CD14 + HLA-DR Int cells in humans, and Ly6C Hi monocytes in mice. (frontiersin.org)
Finally, our data reveal that, independent of inflammation, murine colon macrophages act as a major source of Ccl7 and Ccl8 chemokines that trigger further recruitment of their pro-inflammatory monocyte precursors. (frontiersin.org)
Our work suggests that strategies targeting macrophage-mediated monocyte recruitment may represent a promising approach for limiting the chronic inflammation that characterises IBD. (frontiersin.org)
Identifying metabolic perturbations of macrophage subsets during chronic inflammation and infection can direct future tissue-specific metabolotherapies. (iucc.ac.il)
The expression of markers of alveolar macrophage endocytosis, alveolar macrophage activation and lung inflammation were investigated by means of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation in samples of formalin fixed paraffin embedded lungs from male rats. (hw.ac.uk)
Adipose tissue inflammation appears to be a risk factor for the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the effect of CKD on adipose tissue inflammation is poorly understood. (mdpi.com)
The purpose of this study was to clarify the involvement of uremic toxins (indoxyl sulfate (IS), 3-indoleacetic acid, p-cresyl sulfate and kynurenic acid) on CKD-induced adipose tissue inflammation. (mdpi.com)
PPARγ synthesis activator thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are an important class of anti-diabetic drugs which inhibit the inflammatory response of macrophages and alleviate adipose tissue inflammation in vivo. (oullins-patriote.com)
In addition, the effects of macrophages in the occurrence and development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and their role in inducing fibrosis, activating T cells, reducing colitis, and treating intestinal inflammation were also reviewed in this paper. (frontiersin.org)
Macrophages are phagocytes found in tissues and maintain tissue homeostasis, regulate inflammation, and play a significant role in host protection. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we reveal a role for AMPK β1 in protecting macrophages from inflammation under high lipid exposure. (edu.au)
β1-/- macrophages displayed increased levels of diacylglycerol and markers of inflammation, effects that were reproduced in WT macrophages by inhibiting fatty acid oxidation and, conversely, prevented by pharmacological activation of AMPK β1-containing complexes. (edu.au)
When challenged with a high-fat diet, mice that received β1-/- bone marrow displayed enhanced adipose tissue macrophage inflammation and liver insulin resistance compared with animals that received WT bone marrow. (edu.au)
In particular, we focus on the behavior of the macrophage, which can rapidly change behavior in response to environmental stimuli to promote inflammation (M1), tissue deposition (M2a), or remodeling (M2c). (drexel.edu)
Introduction: Inflammation is a physiological process in healing however, persistent inflammation signals hold deleterious consequences to the tissue and contributes to the inhibition of regeneration. (psnc.pl)
Resolving inflammation remains an unmet challenge with great impact in the management of chronic inflammatory disorders and for the treatment of tissue injuries. (psnc.pl)
Interleukin 4 (IL4) is a well-known key regulator of macrophage function by stimulating M2 phenotype (1), which is associated with the resolution of inflammation and structural tissue healing, and to dampen macrophage responsiveness to inflammation via IL4-pSTAT6 pathway. (psnc.pl)
Adipose tissue inflammation may contribute to the clinical syndrome of PE. (silverchair.com)
Inflammation of visceral adipose tissue may mediate many of the adverse metabolic effects associated with PE. (silverchair.com)
The hallmarks of joint synovial inflammation are cellular proliferation, extensive neoangiogenesis and infiltration of immune cells, including macrophages. (ucytech.com)
To determine the functional importance of macrophages in mediating DE-induced airway inflammation, lung macrophages were selectively depleted using a well-established intranasal clodronate liposome depletion/suicide strategy. (cdc.gov)
A histological examination of lung tissue demonstrated striking increases in alveolar and bronchiolar inflammation, as well as in the size and distribution of cellular aggregates in clodronate-liposome versus saline-liposome groups repetitively exposed to DE. (cdc.gov)
These studies demonstrate that DE elicits activated CD11c(+)/CD11b(+) macrophages in the lung, which play a critical role in regulating the outcome of DE-induced airway inflammation. (cdc.gov)

In addition, mRNA expression profiles in human and murine colon samples, and in macrophages and monocytes from healthy and inflamed murine colons, were analysed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and mRNA microarray. (frontiersin.org)
It has recently been shown that murine intestinal macrophages are continually repopulated from circulating blood monocytes, identified by expression of the cell surface markers Ly6C, CCR2, and CD62L ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
Results from murine studies ( 2 ) combined with the observation of radiolabelled blood monocytes in the inflamed intestinal mucosa of IBD patients ( 15 ), indicate that increased LP inflammatory mononuclear cells are a result of monocyte recruitment, rather than expansion of a tissue resident macrophage population. (frontiersin.org)
Lysozyme is an inducible marker of macrophage activation in murine tissues as demonstrated by in situ hybridization. (ox.ac.uk)
Cellular and matrix interactions of F4/80, an adhesion GPCR which defines murine tissue macrophages, in the normal and tumor microenvironment. (ox.ac.uk)
Six parasites showed in vitro resistance to sodium stibogluconate using murine J774 macrophage amastigote testing method. (who.int)

Macrophages are specialized phagocytes that remove dying or dead cells or cellular debris. (wikipedia.org)
Most tissues harbor resident mononuclear phagocytes, that is, dendritic cells and macrophages. (hindawi.com)
An immune-centric view assumes that a particular priming of phagocytes then causes a particular type of pathology in target tissues, conceptually similar to antigen-specific T-cell priming. (hindawi.com)
A tissue-centric view assumes that changing tissue microenvironments shape the phenotypes of their resident and infiltrating mononuclear phagocytes to fulfill the tissue's need to maintain or regain homeostasis. (hindawi.com)
Mononuclear phagocytes contributions to tissue pathologies relate to their central roles in orchestrating all stages of host defense and wound healing, which often become maladaptive processes, especially in sterile and/or diffuse tissue injuries. (hindawi.com)
Mononuclear phagocytes are a group of phenotypic distinct members, often referred to as either macrophages or dendritic cells (DC), that derive from myeloid precursors and that contribute to the functions of peripheral tissues [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Furthermore, we discuss how published data supports the view that changing tissue environments induce the well-known different phenotypes of mononuclear phagocytes, a process that not only enforces each of the different environments but also explains the contribution of these cells to the different tissue pathologies. (hindawi.com)
Due to their considerable plasticity and heterogeneity, the tissue-based DC and macrophage populations have been defined as mononuclear phagocytes [ 1 , 6 , 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
However, the identification of tissue macrophages in adult fish is not as clear, and robust protocols are needed that would take into account changes in reporter specificity as well as the heterogeneity of mononuclear phagocytes as fish reach adulthood. (bvsalud.org)
Coupled with FACS, these protocols further allow for the prospective isolation of enriched populations of tissue -specific mononuclear phagocytes that can be used in downstream transcriptomic and/or epigenomic analyses. (bvsalud.org)
The antigen for MRP 8/14 has been found in inflammatory tissues only and shown to be absent from normal resident mononuclear phagocytes 13 . (ersjournals.com)

in 2003 at Columbia University, the percentage of macrophages within adipose tissue ranges from 10% in lean mice and humans up to 50% in extremely obese, leptin deficient mice and almost 40% in obese humans. (wikipedia.org)
Following laser injury to the retina, IL-10 was upregulated and Fas ligand (FasL), IL-12, and TNF-α were downregulated in ocular macrophages of old mice (>18 months of age). (jci.org)
Using animals with a DNA repair, the IMBB researchers provide a novel mechanism by which DNA damage leads to cellular senescence, fibrosis, loss of tissue architecture and chronic pancreatitis in mice. (forth.gr)
Insulin resistance and other features of the metabolic syndrome have been causally linked to adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) in mice with diet-induced obesity. (diabetesjournals.org)
Increased adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) correlate with metabolic dysfunction in humans and are causal in development of insulin resistance in mice. (jci.org)
Tissue-resident B cells are present in neonatal tissues and also in germ-free mice NLOs, albeit in lower numbers than in specific pathogen-free mice and following co-housing with 'pet-store' mice. (ox.ac.uk)
This study demonstrates the induction of lysozyme mRNA expression in situ in tissue macrophages (M phi) of mice following in vivo stimulation. (ox.ac.uk)
The present study revealed that obese OA patients and Apoe −/− mice showed a more pronounced synovitis and enhanced macrophage infiltration in synovial tissue, accompanied by dominant M1 macrophage polarization. (elifesciences.org)
In this study, the authors demonstrated that patients with obese-OA and mice with ApoE deficiency showed phenotypes of synovitis and enhanced macrophage infiltration in synovial tissues. (elifesciences.org)
Intra-articular injection of GAS6 restored the phagocytic capacity of macrophages, decreased synovial cell apoptosis, and prevented OA progression in obese-OA mice. (elifesciences.org)
A major breakthrough in our understanding of its immunological function derived from studies using F4/80 knockout mice, which revealed this molecule to be dispensible for macrophage development, but responsible for peripheral tolerance. (ox.ac.uk)
Adhesion of macrophage cell lines from wild type and F4/80 knockout mice to purified matrix molecules, and complex 3D matrices, will be assessed, and binding sites mapped and downstream signalling examined. (ox.ac.uk)
Under high-fat diet (HFD) conditions, mK293Q mice showed a significant increase in M1-like macrophage infiltration in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), and a significant decrease in M2 polarization of macrophage, partially through Mcp1-mediated mechanisms. (oullins-patriote.com)
Notably, the adipose tissue of mK293Q mice showed severe fibrosis. (oullins-patriote.com)
Genetic deletion of the AMPK β1 subunit in mice ( referred to herein as β1-/- mice ) reduced macrophage AMPK activity, acetyl-CoA carboxylase phosphorylation, and mitochondrial content, resulting in reduced rates of fatty acid oxidation. (edu.au)
The effect of AMPK β1 loss in macrophages was tested in vivo by transplantation of bone marrow from WT or β1-/- mice into WT recipients. (edu.au)
The MMT process occurred predominantly within M2-type macrophages and was regulated by TGF-β/Smad3 signalling as deletion of Smad3 in the bone marrow compartment of GFP+ chimeric mice prevented the M2 macrophage transition into the MMT cells and progressive renal fibrosis. (oncotarget.com)
In contrast, after repetitive 3-week exposure to DE, airway lavage fluid and lung tissue neutrophils were significantly increased in clodronate liposome-treated mice compared with control mice. (cdc.gov)
Histologically the lungs of WPS-exposed mice had foci of mixed inflammatory cells infiltration in the interalveolar interstitium which consisted of neutrophils, lymphocytes and macrophages. (who.int)

Hypoxia (oxygen shortage) is another important tissue environmental factor, its impact on macrophage polarization and subsequent modification of the inflammatory microenvironment have not been fully established. (findaphd.com)
Hypoxia can promote macrophages accumulation, polarization and modify the inflammatory microenvironment in most solid tumours, which are generally hypoxic, leading to poor prognosis. (findaphd.com)
Modification of such microenvironment by molecular oxygen supply can switch macrophage phenotype between the tumour-associated M2 and the tumour-killing M1 phenotypes. (findaphd.com)
Our results suggest that ATM subpopulation frequency is controlled by the VAT microenvironment and that obesity-induced tissue remodeling renders some of the ATM niches accessible and available for rapid monocyte replenishment. (ntu.edu.sg)
Peyton will use the reporters in three-dimensional tissue culture models that mimic the tumor microenvironment to visualize and quantify macrophage-tumor interactions. (umass.edu)
The present study found that synovial macrophages infiltrated and polarized in the obesity microenvironment and identified the essential role of M1 macrophages in impaired macrophage efferocytosis using pathology analysis of obesity-associated OA. (elifesciences.org)
Macrophages, which are functional plasticity cells, have the ability to phagocytize and digest foreign substances and acquire pro-(M1-like) or anti-inflammatory (M2-like) phenotypes according to their microenvironment. (frontiersin.org)
CONCLUSION: We present a novel spheroid based model consisting of RAFLS, ECs and macrophages that reflects the RA synovial tissue microenvironment. (ucytech.com)
Recent evidence, however, supports a dual role for macrophages in the regulation of tumour proliferation and immune control 10 , 16 , and indicates that the local tissue microenvironment plays a critical role in determining cell phenotypes. (ersjournals.com)

Lys2 is a bacteriolytic enzyme that is primarily expressed in the monocyte-macrophage system 30 . (nature.com)
In conclusion, we have demonstrated that bone marrow-derived fibroblasts originate from the monocyte/macrophage population via a process of MMT. (oncotarget.com)
Monocyte/macrophage specific. (lu.se)

Macrophages are remarkably plastic cells which in order to adapt to different tissue microenvironments can assume a range of different phenotypes. (wikipedia.org)
Accordingly, macrophages can exhibit either pro- or anti-inflammatory phenotypes and are routinely classified into M1 (classically activated) phenotype and M2 (alternatively activated) phenotype. (wikipedia.org)
However, in this classification system, M1 and M2 macrophages are regarded as two extreme phenotypes. (wikipedia.org)
Early and late stages of diet-induced obesity can also induce macrophage populations that are not representative of M1 or M2 phenotypes, including metabolically activate macrophages (MMe) and oxidized macrophages (Mox), both associated with IR. (wikipedia.org)
By being able to directly visualize the interconversion of macrophages between M1 and M2 phenotypes, the team can for the first time study this process and the conditions under which it occurs, in a spatially and temporally resolved manner, leading to new treatment strategies. (umass.edu)
The role of macrophage phenotypes in tumour progression has been extensively reviewed 6 - 10 . (ersjournals.com)

In adipose tissue, distinction between M1 and M2 macrophage polarization can be monitored by assessing the expression of selected markers. (wikipedia.org)
Adiopose tissue macrophage polarization was summarized in a recent review article Appari M et al. (wikipedia.org)
In this study, we analyzed cytokine gene expression patterns of mouse macrophages by real-time quantitative PCR and tested the functional effects of senescence on gene expression and macrophage polarization. (jci.org)
To understand if polarization of macrophages can lead to a procoagulant macrophage subset we polarized human monocyte derived macrophages to a proinflammatory and an alternative activation state. (haematologica.org)
Alternative polarization with interleukin-4 and IL-13 led to a macrophage phenotype characterized by increased tissue factor (TF) production and release and by an increase in extracellular vesicle production. (haematologica.org)
In conclusion, we provide evidence that proinflammatory polarization of macrophages does not lead to enhanced procoagulatory function, whereas alternative polarization of macrophages leads to an increased expression of TF and increased production of TF bearing extracellular vesicles by these cells suggesting a procoagulatory phenotype of alternatively polarized macrophages. (haematologica.org)
This macrophage polarization can be simulated in vitro using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon (IFN)-γ stimulation for a proinflammatory subset termed classical activation and stimulation with interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 for an alternative polarization phenotype. (haematologica.org)
4 Upon polarization, macrophages react to the respective stimulus with the expression of a distinct phenotype. (haematologica.org)
The possibility to control macrophage polarization toward either pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype using matrix stiffness has been demonstrated however molecular mechanisms that drive such phenotypical changes have remained elusive [1]. (findaphd.com)
The proposed project aims to design a novel molecular hydrogel platform based on novel molecular materials [3-8] to create synthetic extracellular matrix with tunable stiffness and oxygen self-generation ability to modulate macrophage polarization. (findaphd.com)
By tuning the mechanical properties of the hydrogels and the concentration of self-generated molecular oxygen, we aim to investigate the crosstalk between the hydrogel mechanics and molecular oxygen level on macrophage polarization and their respective molecular pathways. (findaphd.com)
They spatially co-localise with macrophages and regulate their polarization and function, promoting an anti-inflammatory phenotype, in-part via interleukin-10 production, with effects on bacterial clearance during urinary tract infection. (ox.ac.uk)
GAS6 secretion is decreased during M1 macrophage polarization during obese-OA, leading to impaired macrophage efferocytosis in synovial apoptotic cells. (elifesciences.org)
Macrophage polarization in tissue fibrosis. (nih.gov)

Adipose tissue apart from adipocytes is composed of the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of cells including preadipocytes, fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells and variety of immune cells. (wikipedia.org)
M1 macrophages are microbicidal and tumoricidal, and stimulate adaptive immune response. (wikipedia.org)
A more tissue-centric view of these processes, claiming that the tissues define phenotype and function of resident and infiltrating immune cells to meet tissues needs during homeostasis and disease, seems provocative [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
Macrophages are cells of the innate immune system which play numerous and vastly different functions within the body. (haematologica.org)
Macrophages are a heterogeneous group of immune cells that play important roles in resolution of injury, infection and tumor growth. (findaphd.com)
Like other types of immune cells, macrophages respond to different environmental cues including extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness, redox state and cytokines and are thereby polarized into specialized functional subsets. (findaphd.com)
Immune-instructive polymers control macrophage phenotype and modulate the foreign body response in vivo. (findaphd.com)
On microscopic level, this associates with the infiltration of immune cells, particularly macrophages, into adipose tissue. (oulu.fi)
However, it is not clear how gut macrophages, relative to recruited blood monocytes and other myeloid cells, contribute to the intestinal inflammatory milieu, nor how macrophages and their monocyte precursors mediate recruitment of other immune cells to the inflamed intestine. (frontiersin.org)
Macrophages form the largest component of the intestinal mononuclear phagocyte system and play a pivotal role in mediating immune homeostasis ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
Upon perturbations, macrophages rewire their energy metabolism to execute their immune programs. (iucc.ac.il)
Macrophages are unique cells that can both activate and suppress the immune system, by rapidly switching between states often referred to as "M1" (stimulating) and "M2" (suppressing). (umass.edu)
Macrophages play a key role in dictating whether the immune response will attack, or shield, tumors. (ox.ac.uk)
The lamina propria of the small intestine is the main site of the intestinal immune system, which contains a large number of macrophages, CD4 T cells, and dendritic cells. (frontiersin.org)
Macrophages play a significant role in many processes, such as the human immune function, parasite infection, and tissue remodeling by secreting cytokines and producing reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates. (frontiersin.org)
Tissue macrophages are essential components of the immune system that also play key roles in vertebrate development and homeostasis , including in zebrafish , which has gained popularity over the years as a translational model for human disease . (bvsalud.org)
THP1-derived macrophages were used to investigate viability and the expression of immune-modulatory molecules in the presence of SPION-IL4. (psnc.pl)
Acquired Immunity One of the body's lines of defense ( immune system) involves white blood cells (leukocytes) that travel through the bloodstream and into tissues, searching for and attacking microorganisms and. (msdmanuals.com)

We compared adipose tissue macrophage infiltration and release of pro-inflammatory adipokines in PE and healthy pregnancy. (silverchair.com)

The number of macrophages within adipose tissue differs depending on the metabolic status. (wikipedia.org)
Metabolic markers were measured in fasting serum and ATMs characterized by immunohistology, flow cytometry, and tissue culture studies. (diabetesjournals.org)
In this review, we will cover macrophage immunometabolism in the gut, a complex metabolic and immunologically active tissue. (iucc.ac.il)
Given their extensive metabolic changes during activation, spatial analyses of the tissue will allow the characterization of metabolic niches of macrophage in the gut. (iucc.ac.il)
Metabolic and phenotypic analysis revealed that macrophage PPARγ acetylation decreased energy expenditure and exacerbated weight and fat accumulation during HFD, impairing insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. (oullins-patriote.com)

Increased number of adipose tissue macrophages correlates with increased adipose tissue production of proinflammatory molecules and might therefore contribute to the pathophysiological consequences of obesity (e.g. insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes). (wikipedia.org)
Within adipose tissue, presence of dead adipocytes is a hallmark of obesity. (wikipedia.org)
In addition to increased number of macrophages within adipose tissue, obesity also induces a phenotypic switch in these cells toward the classically activated (M1) phenotype. (wikipedia.org)
In this thesis, two behaviorally distinct macrophage pools are identified in subcutaneous adipose tissue of subjects with obesity. (oulu.fi)
Of these, only the macrophages associated with pyroptotic adipocyte deaths decreased after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for obesity. (oulu.fi)
We aimed to characterize macrophage phenotype and function in human subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue in relation to insulin resistance in obesity. (diabetesjournals.org)
These macrophages comprise several phenotypically distinct subpopulations that rapidly shift in abundance during obesity-induced tissue remodeling. (ntu.edu.sg)
Specialized monocyte-derived macrophages, which are rapidly recruited may be contributing to control the excess of adipocyte-released lipids produced during obesity. (ntu.edu.sg)
Recent bulk and single-cell transcriptomics studies reveal a wide spectrum of gene expression signatures possible for macrophages that depends on context, but the signatures of human ATM subtypes are not well defined in obesity and diabetes. (jci.org)
We profiled 3 prominent ATM subtypes from human adipose tissue in obesity and determined their relationship to type 2 diabetes. (jci.org)
Intra-articular injection of GAS6 restored the phagocytic capacity of macrophages, reduced the accumulation of local ACs, and decreased the levels of TUNEL and Caspase-3 positive cells, preserving cartilage thickness and preventing the progression of obesity-associated OA. (elifesciences.org)
Therefore, targeting macrophage-associated efferocytosis or intra-articular injection of GAS6 is a potential therapeutic strategy for obesity-associated OA. (elifesciences.org)
Macrophages have been known to play an important role in the development of obesity. (oullins-patriote.com)
Macrophages are no longer just a "player," but a "culprit" in the development of obesity. (oullins-patriote.com)
The accumulation in adipose tissue of macrophages in an inflammatory state is a hallmark of obesity-induced insulin resistance. (edu.au)

The same applies to the bone marrow that requires macrophages for the clearance of the nuclei that get expelled from erythroblasts during their maturation towards erythrocytes [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
In the present study, cell lineage tracing studies by adoptive transfer of GFP+ or dye-labelled macrophages identified that monocyte/macrophages from bone marrow can give rise to myofibroblasts via the process of macrophage-myofibroblast transition (MMT) in a mouse model of unilateral ureteric obstruction. (oncotarget.com)
In vitro studies in Smad3 null bone marrow macrophages also showed that Smad3 was required for TGF-β1-induced MMT and collagen production. (oncotarget.com)

Downregulation of FasL on macrophages led to a loss of the antiangiogenic phenotype, as evidenced by the inability of these macrophages to inhibit vascular endothelial cells. (jci.org)
A novel 3D spheroid model of rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue incorporating fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and macrophages. (ucytech.com)
METHODS: Spheroids were generated by culturing RA fibroblast-like-synoviocytes (RAFLS), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECs) and monocyte-derived macrophages in a collagen-based 3D scaffold. (ucytech.com)
2B receptor interference in type II alveolar epithelial cells, endothelial cells and M2 macrophages. (lu.se)

Western blotting confirmed the excision of the floxed Ercc1 allele in Lys2- Ercc1 F/− (referred from now on as Er1 F/− ) peritoneal macrophages (Fig. 1e ), neutrophils and monocytes but not in neurons (Supplementary Fig. 1A ). (nature.com)
Cytoplasmic immunostaining related to the CD68 protein was increased 1.43 to 5.66-fold when the alveolar macrophage accumulations were numerous, large and associated with neutrophils and lymphocytes. (hw.ac.uk)
Messenger RNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase, a marker of classical (M1) activated macrophages was found to be increased 4.1-fold when neutrophils and lymphocytes were present amongst the accumulated alveolar macrophages. (hw.ac.uk)
Messenger RNA levels of pro-inflammatory genes (such as E selectin) were found to be increased 2.2 to 4.4-fold in samples of lungs that contained alveolar macrophage accumulations but only when neutrophils and lymphocytes were visible amongst the accumulated macrophages in histological lung sections. (hw.ac.uk)
Neutrophils circulate in the bloodstream and must be signaled to leave the bloodstream and enter tissues. (msdmanuals.com)
The signal often comes from the bacteria themselves, from complement proteins, or from damaged tissue, all of which produce substances that attract neutrophils to a trouble spot. (msdmanuals.com)
Neutrophils also release substances that produce fibers in the surrounding tissue. (msdmanuals.com)

The phenotypic change of macrophages (Mφs) plays a crucial role in the musculoskeletal homeostasis and repair process. (frontiersin.org)
Through their dynamic phenotypic changes, macrophages function as major regulators of healing. (drexel.edu)

Recent data show that F4/80, a protein that spans the surface of macrophages, is essential for Treg generation and tumor survival. (ox.ac.uk)

However the recruited macrophages do not promote inflammatory response but rather regulate lipolysis. (wikipedia.org)
Macrophages (Mφs) are the critical regulators involved in initiation, propagation, and resolution of inflammatory response throughout the tissue regenerative process. (frontiersin.org)
A clear understanding of the function of macrophages, as well as their role in pathogens and inflammatory response, will delineate the next steps in the treatment of intestinal inflammatory diseases. (frontiersin.org)
In this review, we discuss the origin and development of macrophages and their role in the intestinal inflammatory response or infection. (frontiersin.org)
When the inflammatory response functions normally, it can be a powerful force that promotes tissue repair and regeneration, but when it goes awry, disease takes hold and healing is impaired. (drexel.edu)
The goal of the Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory at Drexel University is to understand the mechanisms by which the inflammatory response orchestrates successful tissue regeneration and to develop novel biomaterial strategies that apply these principles to situations in which tissue regeneration is impaired. (drexel.edu)

The initial tissue reaction to infection is a focal, intensely suppurative necrosis consisting largely of accumulations of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, followed by invasion of macrophages, epithelioid cells, and lymphocytes. (cdc.gov)

ATMs) comprise tissue resident macrophages present in adipose tissue. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, CD11c + ATMs were enriched for mitochondria and for RNA transcripts encoding mitochondrial, proteasomal, and lysosomal proteins, fatty acid metabolism enzymes, and T-cell chemoattractants, whereas CD11c − ATMs were enriched for transcripts involved in tissue maintenance and repair. (diabetesjournals.org)
Tissue culture medium conditioned by CD11c + ATMs, but not CD11c − ATMs or other stromovascular cells, impaired insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by human adipocytes. (diabetesjournals.org)
Adipose tissue-resident F4/80hi macrophages (ATMs) are the main leukocyte population found in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT). (ntu.edu.sg)
Here we used a fate-mapping approach in mouse models to determine the developmental origins and the differential turnover kinetics of ATMs in lean and obese adipose tissue. (ntu.edu.sg)

Macrophages are phagocytic cells distributed across tissues that sustain homeostasis by constantly probing their local environment. (iucc.ac.il)
Melanomacrophage centers (MMCs) consist of macrophages, such as phagocytic cells and fragments, mainly erythrocytes and pigments, such as melanin, hemosiderin and lipofuscin, located in the reticuloendothelial liver tissue, kidney and pancreas ( Agius and Roberts, 2003 AGIUS, C. (scielo.br)

In contrast to monocytes, human macrophages did not show increased tissue factor expression upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ. (haematologica.org)
Start with ready-to-use, ethically sourced, primary human macrophages. (stemcell.com)

Macrophages reside in all tissues of the body and each population of macrophages within a tissue can take on specialized functions that are tuned to the developmental and functional requirements of that tissue. (haematologica.org)
Macrophage infiltration, the expression of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors, and the expression of adipocyte functional genes were not fully restored. (oullins-patriote.com)
In conclusion, PPARγ deacetylation in macrophages is critical for the remodeling and functional improvement of visceral adiposity in response to TZD. (oullins-patriote.com)
Macrophage infiltrates are increased in the lungs after organic dust exposures, yet the phenotype and functional importance of these cells remain unclear. (cdc.gov)

For example, organs like the lung and the liver are exposed to pathogen components from the air or from the gut barrier, respectively, which explains the predominance of a macrophage phenotype that has a higher capacity for phagocytic clearance of pathogen components. (hindawi.com)
Subject: [Histonet] Macrophage marker mouse tissue In my experience, Serotec's CD68 clone FA-11 is a much better tissue macrophage marker than F4/80, which is not expressed on all macs (i.e. lung). (utsouthwestern.edu)
Measuring the markers in FFPE lung samples can potentially help investigators discriminate adverse from nonadverse drug-induced alveolar macrophage accumulations with greater clarity and scientific rigour. (hw.ac.uk)
Here we identify, using intravenous labeling and parabiosis, a bona-fide tissue-resident B cell population in lung, liver, kidney and urinary bladder, a substantial proportion of which are B-1a cells. (ox.ac.uk)
The group found that particulates such as aluminum salts and silica killed alveolar macrophages (AMs), which then released interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and caused inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) formation in the lung. (osaka-u.ac.jp)
There is a marked survival advantage for patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) expressing high numbers of macrophages in their tumour islets. (ersjournals.com)
Macrophages infiltrating the tumour islets in nonsmall cell lung cancer were predominantly of the M1 phenotype in patients with extended survival. (ersjournals.com)
Repetitive DE treatment for 3 weeks resulted in significant increases in CD11c(+)/CD11b(+) macrophages in whole lung-associated tissue. (cdc.gov)
In lung tissue, lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase activity and reduced glutathione were all increased by WPS exposure. (who.int)

However, the functions of mature intestinal macrophages and recruited monocytes are strikingly different. (frontiersin.org)
Immunomagnetically selected peripheral blood monocytes are cultured in RPMI 1640 Medium (Catalog #36750) + 10% FBS, M-CSF, and IL-4 for 5 days to generate macrophages. (stemcell.com)
Macrophages develop from a type of white blood cell called monocytes. (msdmanuals.com)
Monocytes become macrophages when they move from the bloodstream to the tissues. (msdmanuals.com)
Monocytes move to the tissues when infection occurs. (msdmanuals.com)
There, over a period of about 8 hours, monocytes enlarge greatly and produce granules within themselves, becoming macrophages. (msdmanuals.com)

Despite IL4 promise towards tissue regeneration, hurdles in IL4 associated to in vivo instability and diminished bioactivity, demand for alternative vehicles to efficiently deliver IL4 and modulate macrophage functions, fostering resolution of persistent inflammatory cues with coordinated action over inflammatory cascades. (psnc.pl)

Intestinal macrophages display a "tolerant" phenotype, poorly responsive to toll like receptor (TLR) ligands (vital to avoid triggering inflammatory responses while scavenging commensal bacteria) whilst maintaining a homeostatic environment via IL-10 and PGE 2 production ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)

Adipose tissue macrophages isolated from obese patients express growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and proteolytic enzymes involved in the regulation of tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastatic spread, and resemble macrophages present in tumor stroma. (wikipedia.org)
Adipose tissue was obtained from lean and obese women undergoing bariatric surgery. (diabetesjournals.org)
In obese women, CD11c + ATM density was greater in subcutaneous than omental adipose tissue and correlated with markers of insulin resistance. (diabetesjournals.org)
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and s.c. adipose tissue (SAT) samples were collected from diabetic and nondiabetic obese participants to evaluate cellular content and gene expression. (jci.org)
Enhanced M1-polarized macrophages in obese synovium decreased growth arrest-specific 6 (GAS6) secretion, resulting in impaired macrophage efferocytosis in synovial ACs. (elifesciences.org)

Here, we show that persistent DNA damage accumulation in tissue-infiltrating macrophages carrying an ERCC1-XPF DNA repair defect ( Er1 F/− ) triggers Golgi dispersal, dilation of endoplasmic reticulum, autophagy and exosome biogenesis leading to the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in vivo and ex vivo. (nature.com)
LysMcre, mK293Q) to systematically analyze the role of PPARγ acetylation in macrophages both in vitro and in vivo. (oullins-patriote.com)

approaches simulating RA synovial tissue are crucial in preclinical and translational research to evaluate novel diagnostic and/or therapeutic markers. (ucytech.com)
Here, we present the engineering of a spheroid-based model of RA synovial tissue which mimics 3D interactions between cells and pro-inflammatory mediators present in the inflamed synovium. (ucytech.com)

According to this classification, macrophages acquire M1 phenotype following in vitro stimulation with interferon gamma (IFN-γ) alone or in combination with TLR ligands (e.g. lipopolysaccharide (LPS)) whereas macrophages acquire M2 phenotype after in vitro exposure to IL-4 and IL-13. (wikipedia.org)
This study examined adipose and muscle inflammatory markers after treatment of humans with FOs and measured the effects of ω-3 fatty acids on adipocytes and macrophages in vitro. (uky.edu)
In vitro, M1-polarized macrophages expressed high levels of MCP-1. (uky.edu)
Six parasites ont montré une résistance in vitro au stibogluconate de sodium en utilisant le test de détection des amastigotes dans les macrophages J774 murins. (who.int)

Messenger RNA levels of CD68, a marker of endocytosis, were increased 1.4 to 2.4-fold in lungs that contained alveolar macrophage accumulations. (hw.ac.uk)
Adipose tissue cell densities of activated (cfms + ) and total (CD68 + ) macrophages were determined. (silverchair.com)
CD68 + macrophages expressing markers of a cytotoxic M1 phenotype or a noncytotoxic M2 phenotype were identified in the islets and stroma of surgically resected tumours from 20 patients with extended survival (median 92.7 months) and 20 with poor survival (median 7.7 months), using immunohistochemistry. (ersjournals.com)

CD36 and macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1)) and lipid-handling genes (i.e. adipose differentiation-related protein (Adfp), fatty acid-binding protein 4 (Fabp4), ApoE and ABCA1), and increased accumulation of Oil Red O-positive lipids. (wikipedia.org)

M1 macrophages secrete high levels of proinflammatory cytokines (e.g. tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), IL-6, IL-1β) and generate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species such as nitric oxide via activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). (wikipedia.org)
Thus, activation of AMPK β1 and increasing fatty acid oxidation in macrophages may represent a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of insulin resistance. (edu.au)

Recent studies have shown that adipose tissue-resident macrophages respond to the intake of fat, and regulate fat storage in a paracrine fashion. (oullins-patriote.com)
Although accumulating evidence showed close correlation among PPARγ, macrophages and lipid metabolism, how post-translational modifications of PPARγ in macrophages regulate adipose issue remains largely unknown. (oullins-patriote.com)

M2 macrophages are associated with anti-inflammatory and homeostatic functions linked to wound healing. (wikipedia.org)
During homeostasis, gut macrophages are constantly exposed to pro-inflammatory ligands from the microbiota, and in contrast, are balanced by microbiota-derived anti-inflammatory metabolites. (iucc.ac.il)
On the other hand, PPARγ plays anti-inflammatory roles in macrophages, and deletion of PPARγ in macrophages impairs lipid metabolism. (oullins-patriote.com)

Additionally, M2 macrophages have been traditionally thought of as being the predominant macrophage phenotype in solid tumours (tumour-associated macrophages). (ersjournals.com)
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a key component in the process of angiogenesis, is known to be produced by tumour-associated macrophages 17 , 18 , which have been traditionally reported as M2 macrophages. (ersjournals.com)

M1 macrophages are associated with the expression of interleukin (IL)-1, -12, TNF-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) 7 . (ersjournals.com)

Background and Aim: Macrophage inhibitory cytokine (MIC-1) and tissue polypeptide-specific antigen (TPS) are novel markers for several inflammatory and malignant disorders, and there are no sufficient data about the utility of these antigens as serum tumor markers. (gazi.edu.tr)
On the other hand, phagosomes are formed when the pathogen is engulfed by macrophages and fuse with lysosomes to release enzymes and toxic substances, resulting in killing or having cytotoxic effects on bacteria and tumor cells. (frontiersin.org)

In addition, also TF activity was enhanced in extracellular vesicles of alternatively polarized macrophages. (haematologica.org)
Multiplexed immunofluorescent imaging will map cell interaction partners of F4/80+ macrophages, and identify components of the extracellular matrix that interact with these cells. (ox.ac.uk)

This slightly different perspective may somewhat shape our understanding of macrophage heterogeneity and tissue pathology but certainly also raise new questions for future research. (hindawi.com)
ROBERTS, R.J. Melano-macrophage centres and their role in fish pathology. (scielo.br)
Martines RB , Ng DL , Greer PW , Rollin PE , Zaki SR . Tissue and cellular tropism, pathology and pathogenesis of Ebola and Marburg viruses. (cdc.gov)

Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue biopsies were collected from healthy ( n =13) and PE ( n =13) mothers. (silverchair.com)
In PE only, visceral adipose tissue TNFα release was increased after LPS stimulation (57 [76] versus 81 [97] pg/ml/µg DNA, P =0.030). (silverchair.com)
In PE, median TNF mRNA expression in visceral adipose tissue was higher than controls (1.94 [1.13-4.14] versus 0.8 [0.00-1.27] TNF / PPIA ratio, P =0.006). (silverchair.com)
In conclusion, our study demonstrates dysregulation of inflammatory pathways predominantly in visceral adipose tissue in PE. (silverchair.com)

In this paper we apply the tissue-centric perspective to discuss the role of resident and infiltrating macrophages and dendritic cells in different organs. (hindawi.com)

Thus, PPARγ acetylation in macrophages promotes macrophage infiltration, causing adipose fibrosis and dysfunction and aggravating hepatic steatosis with HFD feeding. (oullins-patriote.com)
Myofibroblasts are a main cell-type of collagen-producing cells during tissue fibrosis, but their origins remains controversial. (oncotarget.com)
This process contributes to progressive renal tissue fibrosis and is regulated by TGF-β/Smad3 signalling. (oncotarget.com)
The principal cell type responsible for increased deposition of fibrillar collagen during active tissue fibrosis are myofibroblasts - a subset of activated fibroblasts characterized by expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) [ 2 , 3 ]. (oncotarget.com)

Moreover, expression of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α is mostly derived from macrophages rather than adipocytes. (wikipedia.org)
Plasma macrophage chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) levels were reduced by FO, but the levels of other cytokines were unchanged. (uky.edu)

Subject: [Histonet] Macrophage marker mouse tissue Hello, I am in need of a good macrophage marker on FFPE tissue. (utsouthwestern.edu)

The inability of proinflammatory activated macrophages to respond to lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ with an increase in TF production seems to be due to an increase in TF promoter methylation and was reversible when treating these macrophages with a demethylation agent. (haematologica.org)
6 In addition, these cells are present during early wound healing and proinflammatory macrophages are characterized by a pronounced ability to degrade tissue. (haematologica.org)

1 Some tissue macrophages and precursors are already established embryonically in the yolk sac and fetal liver before the onset of definitive hematopoiesis. (haematologica.org)

Current major initiatives including tracking macrophage phenotype changes in the healing (or lack thereof) of human chronic diabetic foot ulcers, which holds potential to allow a personalized medicine approach to wound care, and the development of novel drug delivery strategies that harness macrophage behavior to promote tissue regeneration and healing. (drexel.edu)
Macrophage-biomaterial interactions, drug delivery systems, and chronic wound healing. (drexel.edu)

Several of these lines have also proven instrumental to isolate pure populations of macrophages in the developing embryo and larvae using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). (bvsalud.org)

Thus, organ- and disease phase-specific microenvironments determine macrophage and dendritic cell heterogeneity in a temporal and spatial manner, which assures their support to maintain and regain homeostasis in whatever condition. (hindawi.com)
We examine tissue needs to maintain homeostasis and how to regain homeostasis upon tissue injury. (hindawi.com)
The large number of macrophages in the intestinal tract, play a significant role in maintaining the homeostasis of microorganisms on the surface of the intestinal mucosa and in the continuous renewal of intestinal epithelial cells. (frontiersin.org)

The resting resident tissue M phi of most tissues do not contain enough lysozyme mRNA to be detected by in situ hybridization using 35S-labeled RNA probes. (ox.ac.uk)

In this chapter, we describe the methodology for analyzing macrophages in various tissues in the adult zebrafish by flow cytometry . (bvsalud.org)

An isolation and lymph nodes and macrophage are primary targets for the ward were set up at Bundibugyo hospital and Kikyo health center. (who.int)

Macrophages displaying M1 phenotype have been characterized by expression of F4/80, CD11c and iNOS whereas macrophages displaying M2 phenotype have been characterized by expression of F4/80, CD301 and Arg1. (wikipedia.org)
Similar findings were observed with the CD11c(+)/CD11b(+) macrophage infiltrate after repetitive exposure to peptidoglycan, a major DE component. (cdc.gov)

Community participation and involvement was mobilized that integrated non-governmental organizations, Organs rich in lymphoid tissue such as the liver, spleen, thymus, religious and faith-based entities and school children. (who.int)

For example, macrophages stimulated with IL-4 and IL-13 are defined as M2a, whereas macrophages stimulated with LPS and apoptotic cells as M2b and macrophages stimulated with IL-10, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) or glucocorticoids as M2c. (wikipedia.org)

These macrophages were also highly imbued by known pro-inflammatory proteins, NLRP3 inflammasome and Caspase-1 which are associated with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance in adipose tissue. (oulu.fi)

Macrophages have been shown previously to be both anti- and proangiogenic, and their role in regulating angiogenesis at sites of tissue injury is critical and complex. (jci.org)
Besides scavenging debris, promoting angiogenesis, tissue remodeling and repair, alternatively activated macrophages are able to fine tune inflammatory responses. (haematologica.org)
It has also been described that one of the key roles of M2 macrophages is to promote angiogenesis 7 , 10 . (ersjournals.com)

The M1 phenotype (classically activated) macrophages are thought to be induced by interferon-γ, with or without lipopolysaccharide and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and exert a cytotoxic effect against cancer cells. (ersjournals.com)
MRP 8/14 is enhanced by interferon-γ and lipopolysaccharide 13 , 14 , a characteristic of M1 macrophages, and also has bacteriostatic properties 15 . (ersjournals.com)

7 In contrast, alternatively activated macrophages are characterized by increased expression of IL-10 and of scavenger receptors. (haematologica.org)
M2 (alternatively activated) macrophages are thought to be modulated by IL-4 and -13 and associated with tumour formation. (ersjournals.com)

SF stimulation enhanced containment of macrophages within the spheroids. (ucytech.com)

Anatomy40

Organisms27

Diseases13

Chemicals and Drugs108

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment23

Phenomena and Processes49

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science3

Inflammation33

Murine6

Phagocytes11

Mice19

Microenvironment9

Monocyte-macrophage3

Phenotypes6

Polarization14

Immune18

Adipose tissue macrophage1

Metabolic5

Obesity15

Bone marrow3

Endothelial cells4

Neutrophils7

Phenotypic2

Surface of macrophages1

Inflammatory response6

Lymphocytes1

ATMs5

Phagocytic cells2

Human macrophages2

Functional4

Lung9

Monocytes6

Modulate macrophage1

Intestinal macrophages1

Obese5

Vivo2

Synovial tissue2

Vitro4

CD683

Accumulation1

Activation2

Regulate2

Anti-inflammatory3

Tumour-associated2

Inducible1

Tumor2

Extracellular2

Pathology3

Visceral adipose tissue4

Dendritic cells1

Fibrosis4

Cytokines2

Marker1

Proinflammatory2

Precursors1

Chronic2

Populations1

Homeostasis3

MRNA1

Flow cytometry1

Lymph1

CD11c2

Lymphoid1

Apoptotic cells1

Insulin1

Angiogenesis3

Lipopolysaccharide2

Alternatively activated2

Stimulation1