• We've got the answers to your frequently asked questions about the popular low-calorie sweetener, aspartame. (aspartame.org)
  • Aspartame is an artificial non-saccharide sweetener 200 times sweeter than sucrose and is commonly used as a sugar substitute in foods and beverages. (wikipedia.org)
  • This makes aspartame undesirable as a baking sweetener and prone to degradation in products hosting a high pH, as required for a long shelf life. (wikipedia.org)
  • In products that may require a longer shelf life, such as syrups for fountain beverages, aspartame is sometimes blended with a more stable sweetener, such as saccharin. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) and the European Commission's Scientific Committee on Food (later becoming EFSA) have determined this value is 40 mg/kg of body weight per day for aspartame, while the FDA has set its ADI for aspartame at 50 mg/kg per day - an amount equated to consuming 75 packets of commercial aspartame sweetener per day to be within a safe upper limit. (wikipedia.org)
  • It was the first really big artificial sweetener and was branded as sweet n' lo which is still a familiar site in restaurants and diners and coffee shops around the country. (pharmacistben.com)
  • It is currently the third most popular artificial sweetener in the United states right behind Aspartame which goes by the name NutraSweet or Equal. (pharmacistben.com)
  • Because it doesn't taste exactly like sugar sometimes it's blended with another artificial sweetener, called acesulfame, which goes by the brand names Sunett or Sweet One. (pharmacistben.com)
  • The most widely-used artificial sweetener, 'Aspartame' is made up of three chemicals: the amino acids aspartic acid, phenylalanine and methanol. (turningpointnutrition.ca)
  • In 1973, aspartame entered the market as an artificial sweetener and is now known by various brand names such as Equal, NutraSweet, and Sugar Twin. (wikikenko.com)
  • Aspartame is a non-nutritive sweetener, meaning it contains minimal to no carbohydrates and does not provide energy (calories) like sugar. (wikikenko.com)
  • Aspartame, the Artificial Sweetener, to Be Classified as Carcinogenic? (wikikenko.com)
  • WHEN Dr. Morando Soffritti, a cancer researcher in Bologna, Italy, saw the results of his team's seven-year study on aspartame, he knew he was about to be injected into a bitter controversy over this sweetener, one of the most contentiously debated substances ever added to foods and beverages. (oawhealth.com)
  • Unfortunately, the harmful health effects caused by the aspartame chemical sweetener are being released 50 years after they were known by the FDA and Big Pharma. (janethull.com)
  • The sweetness of aspartame lasts longer than that of sucrose, so it is often blended with other artificial sweeteners such as acesulfame potassium to produce an overall taste more like that of sugar. (wikipedia.org)
  • As of 2017,[update] reviews of clinical trials showed that using aspartame (or other non-nutritive sweeteners) in place of sugar reduces calorie intake and body weight in adults and children. (wikipedia.org)
  • It's unstable to heat, so you can't really cook with saccharin, which is why it's most often used in a blend with other artificial sweeteners (Sweet n' Low is made with dextrose) in the 1970's some studies linked saccharin to bladder cancer and warning labels were mandated. (pharmacistben.com)
  • Aspartame, which is now being called "AminoSweet" is probably the most controversial of the artificial sweeteners. (pharmacistben.com)
  • As more and more health-conscious consumers are trying to reduce their refined sugar intake and lose weight, Canadians are turning to artificial sweeteners in hope of a quick fix. (turningpointnutrition.ca)
  • Artificial sweeteners are a mix of laboratory chemicals, combined to create a 'sweet' taste. (turningpointnutrition.ca)
  • Since artificial sweeteners have been introduced, rather than reducing our sugar intake, they have increased it. (turningpointnutrition.ca)
  • Artificial sweeteners were created to trick the body into thinking it is getting something sweet. (turningpointnutrition.ca)
  • When your blood sugar does not increase upon ingesting artificial sweeteners, hypoglycemia may occur, resulting in cravings which lead to increased food intake and sugars at the next meal. (turningpointnutrition.ca)
  • Independent researchers, particularly inEurope, have found popular sweeteners such as sucralose and aspartame to be harmful to human health. (turningpointnutrition.ca)
  • I think that what I would like to explain to everyone is that 96% by volume of the total of diet soda products are still sweetened with aspartame and not these other artificial sweeteners which are much more expensive. (deagle-network.com)
  • A rise in the percent of the population who are obese coincides with an increase in the widespread use of non-caloric artificial sweeteners, such as aspartame (e.g. (doctorschierling.com)
  • However, unlike some other artificial sweeteners that are excreted from the body unchanged, aspartame undergoes metabolism and contributes around 4 calories per gram. (wikikenko.com)
  • Among these six sweeteners, neotame and advantame, derived from aspartame, are calorie-free and significantly sweeter. (wikikenko.com)
  • Several studies have explored the potential health effects of artificial sweeteners, including aspartame. (wikikenko.com)
  • In the United States, the FDA has established an acceptable daily intake level of 50 milligrams per kilogram of body weight for aspartame and states that all six approved sweeteners are safe when used in moderation. (wikikenko.com)
  • Since artificial sweeteners are likely present in most "reduced sugar" and "sugar-free" foods and beverages, it becomes challenging to determine the exact amount being consumed. (wikikenko.com)
  • To make informed choices, it is essential to read ingredient lists carefully and familiarize ourselves with the names of different sweeteners, such as aspartame and acesulfame potassium, as stated by Dr. Carissa Baker-Smith, a pediatric cardiologist at Nemours Children's Hospital in Delaware. (wikikenko.com)
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) modified its guidelines in May and stated that sugar-free sweeteners do not help adults or children control weight in the long term. (wikikenko.com)
  • The findings, first released last July, prompted a flurry of criticism from the Calorie Control Council, a trade group for makers of artificial sweeteners that has spent the last 25 years trying to quell fears about aspartame. (oawhealth.com)
  • Then there's the old standby saccharin, which is a lot sweeter than sugar, but is a simple chemical, "benzoic sulfilamine" that has not energy or calories. (pharmacistben.com)
  • Saccharin (300 times sweeter than sugar) was invented at Johns Hopkins University back in 1879 while working on, of all things, COAL TAR DERIVATIVES . (doctorschierling.com)
  • In addition, some studies indicate sugar substitutes like aspartame, sucralose and saccharin, which are commonly found in diet drinks, can throw off your body's natural metabolic processes. (doctorschierling.com)
  • According to their guidelines, it is recommended not to consume more than 75 packets per day of Equal or NutraSweet (aspartame), 23 packets per day of Splenda (sucralose), Sweet One (acesulfame potassium), or Newtame (neotame), and 45 packets per day of Sweet'N Low or Sweet Twin (saccharin). (wikikenko.com)
  • The amount you consume from aspartame is miniscule compared with other foods and beverages and the body uses the amino acids and methanol in exactly the same way. (aspartame.org)
  • The variety of foods and beverages sweetened with aspartame can help satisfy a pregnant woman's taste for "sweets" without adding extra calories, leaving room for more nutritious foods. (aspartame.org)
  • The global study of more than 450,000 adults in ten countries - including the UK - found that daily consumption of all types of soft drinks was linked with a higher chance of dying young, ,,But the rates for those drinking artificially- sweetened beverages were significantly higher than those consuming full sugar versions, the WHO research found. (deagle-network.com)
  • The American Beverage Association published a comprehensive report on aspartame, highlighting its use in various beverages and foods. (wikikenko.com)
  • Dr.Helen Ratajczak's data, from the Department of Education, clearly showed in her studies that the beginning of the autism epidemic coincided with the approval of aspartame in carbonated beverages. (janethull.com)
  • Lance Collins, chief executive of Fuze Beverage in Englewood Cliffs, N.J., said that safety concerns about aspartame were a "major contributing factor" in his decision to use sucralose in his tea and juice drinks. (oawhealth.com)
  • When it comes to losing weight, and maintaining health, however, it is not clear that artificial sugars are helping. (turningpointnutrition.ca)
  • In other words, artificial sugars trick our body into thinking we're consuming regular sugar, causing it to go into energy-storage mode. (doctorschierling.com)
  • Today this rat poison and cancer stimulator is sold as NutraSweet and Equal and is in Diet Coke and thousands of other foods and drinks. (rense.com)
  • Aspartame consumption is associated with the production of high levels of formaldehyde and according to the EPA, formaldehyde causes cancer in animals and likely cause cancer in humans as well. (pharmacistben.com)
  • As it is 200 times sweeter than sugar, only tiny amounts of aspartame are needed to achieve the desired sweetness, reducing the number of calories compared with sugar. (aspartame.org)
  • Our taste buds become numb to sweetness and gradually it takes more and more sweet for us to be satisfied. (pharmacistben.com)
  • Ideally, we want to take a "sweet holiday", one or two days off from sweetness, from the sweet flavor so that our sweet receptors can become re-sensitized. (pharmacistben.com)
  • Soft drinks do not suddenly lose their sweetness when they sit on the shelf - they increase creation of Diketopiperazine (DKP) after being stored more than 6 months. (turningpointnutrition.ca)
  • Humans are seven times more sensitive to the toxic effects of aspartame or methanol than animals because they lack a couple of key digestive enzymes (such as pectin esterase) to release methanol. (turningpointnutrition.ca)
  • Animal testing for methanol or aspartame, therefore, does not adequately reflect the danger for humans. (turningpointnutrition.ca)
  • Sadly for his lab rats , he discovered that, indeed , the methanol in aspartame caused neural tube birth defects in the rat pups. (janethull.com)
  • According to Monte's research , the methanol in aspartame is the main culprit fueling the rise in autism . (janethull.com)
  • Like many other peptides, aspartame may hydrolyze (break down) into its constituent amino acids under conditions of elevated temperature or high pH. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aspartame is sold under the brand names Nutra-Sweet and Equal and is found in such popular products as Diet Coke, Diet Pepsi, Diet Snapple and Sugar Free Kool-Aid. (oawhealth.com)
  • The scientific evidence overwhelmingly supports the safety of aspartame even in amounts far greater than people typically consume. (aspartame.org)
  • Can women who are pregnant or breastfeeding consume aspartame? (aspartame.org)
  • 12 imp fl oz) can of diet soda contains 0.18 grams (0.0063 oz) of aspartame, and, for a 75-kilogram (165 lb) adult, it takes approximately 21 cans of diet soda daily to consume the 3.7 grams (0.13 oz) of aspartame that would surpass the FDA's 50 mg/kg of body weight ADI of aspartame from diet soda alone. (wikipedia.org)
  • In a report released on 10 December 2013, the EFSA said that, after an extensive examination of evidence, it ruled out the "potential risk of aspartame causing damage to genes and inducing cancer" and deemed the amount found in diet sodas safe to consume. (wikipedia.org)
  • A 2017 review of metabolic effects by consuming aspartame found that it did not affect blood glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, calorie intake, or body weight. (wikipedia.org)
  • Elevations in blood sugar and associated elevations in insulin are behind many, if not most of the health issues we confront today. (pharmacistben.com)
  • High blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and of course diabetes have clear associations to unstable blood sugar and blood insulin. (pharmacistben.com)
  • And, there is some literature that suggests that even the sweet taste can raise blood sugar and insulin levels, even without sugar! (pharmacistben.com)
  • It's 200 times sweeter than sugar and has no calories and doesn't directly affect blood glucose or insulin (although recent literature indicates that the sweet taste alone may cause changes in blood glucose and insulin). (pharmacistben.com)
  • The second (and more complicated) theory has to do with how aspartame affects insulin production. (doctorschierling.com)
  • Aspartame binds to tastebuds in our stomach, which send signals to the pancreas telling it to release insulin,' explains physician and biochemist Cate Shanahan, author of Deep Nutrition: Why Your Genes Need Traditional Food. (doctorschierling.com)
  • A thorough review of the research by The European Food Safety Authority released in 2013 concluded that aspartame is safe for the general population including infants, children and pregnant women. (aspartame.org)
  • But he added that he was concerned about the large numbers of people who use aspartame, particularly children and pregnant women. (oawhealth.com)
  • According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture , aspartame is one of the most exhaustively studied substances in the human food supply. (aspartame.org)
  • The safety of aspartame has been studied since its discovery, and it is a rigorously tested food ingredient. (wikipedia.org)
  • Research documents the safety of aspartame during pregnancy and breastfeeding . (aspartame.org)
  • Women preparing for pregnancy are suggested to reduce aspartame consumption and avoid oxidative stressors of the ovaries. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • He uncovered an FDA memo dated September 11, 1978 describing birth defects and serious developmental brain damage in the offspring of laboratory rabbits whose mothers were fed aspartame during pregnancy . (janethull.com)
  • The World Health Organization's 2015 Sugars intake for adults and children also recommends reducing the intake of free sugars to less than 10% of total energy intake in both adults and children. (aspartame.org)
  • These reviews have found that even the high levels of intake of aspartame, studied across multiple countries and different methods of measuring aspartame consumption, are well below the ADI for safe consumption of aspartame. (wikipedia.org)
  • And while the connections to cancer, accelerated aging, osteoporosis, arthritis and autoimmune issues are less definitive, a case could certainly be made that the likelihood of confronting these health challenges (among others) would almost certainly be reduced by reducing sugar intake. (pharmacistben.com)
  • 10/23/2016 - Drinking water for much of the city of Cleveland is at risk of becoming too dangerous for human consumption, ecologists and environmentalists are warning, as a two-square-mile toxic blob at the bottom of Lake Erie spreads closer to the main water intake pipe that supplies it. (naturalnews.com)
  • Doctors H. J. Roberts (Aspartame Disease: An Ignored Epidemic,www.sunsentpress.com ) and Russell Blaylock (Excitotoxins: The Taste That Kills, www.russellblaylockmd.com ) also called Jerome Bressler and got the same information. (rense.com)
  • Russell Blaylock who has researched and written extensively on aspartame. (pharmacistben.com)
  • Collins documented the disturbing discovery of " significant " multiple neural tube ( and other ) birth defects in rabbit pups whose mothers were fed aspartame during the course of several different toxicity studies. (janethull.com)
  • Descriptive analyses of solutions containing aspartame report a sweet aftertaste as well as bitter and off-flavor aftertastes. (wikipedia.org)
  • It's also is free of aftertaste which makes it ideal for drinks and candies and manufactured food products. (pharmacistben.com)
  • Most soft-drinks have a pH between 3 and 5, where aspartame is reasonably stable. (wikipedia.org)
  • The primary source for exposure to aspartame in the US is diet soft drinks, though it can be consumed in other products, such as pharmaceutical preparations, fruit drinks, and chewing gum among others in smaller quantities. (wikipedia.org)
  • https://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-7422697/Drinking-two-glasses-soft-drinks-day-raise-risk-early-death-17.html In fact, here is an excellent second indepth article by the Daily Mail showing the history as we have for decades two days later. (deagle-network.com)
  • Bressler reported that rats killed by the poison were resurrected on paper, neoplasms filtered out and cancers caused by aspartame, were ignored and deleted from Searle's records. (rense.com)
  • Additionally, regulatory agencies consider both the mother and the offspring when they review the scientific evidence and consider the safety of food ingredients, including aspartame. (aspartame.org)
  • Aspartame has been deemed safe for human consumption by over 100 regulatory agencies in their respective countries, including the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), UK Food Standards Agency, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Health Canada, and Food Standards Australia New Zealand. (wikipedia.org)
  • No regulatory agency has yet acted on Dr. Soffritti's findings, although Roger Williams, a member of Parliament, called for a ban on aspartame in Britain last December. (oawhealth.com)
  • New regulatory action on aspartame would also jeopardize the billions of dollars worth of products sold with it. (oawhealth.com)
  • In 2002, I spoke with Jerome Bressler, author of the damning FDA audit that exposed the corruption of the G. D. Searle Co., originator of aspartame. (rense.com)
  • She described the discrepancies found in the Searle tests of aspartame as 'serious departures from acceptable toxicological protocols. (rense.com)
  • On the crucial question itself: 'It would appear that the safety of aspartame and its breakdown products has still not been satisfactorily determined, since many of the flaws cited in these three studies were also present in all of the other studies submitted by Searle. (rense.com)
  • What is particularly important about FDA toxicologist Dr. Verrett's testimony is she is saying that aspartame still had not been proven safe in 1987 and it had been on the market since 1981 which was due to the political chicanery of Don Rumsfeld who was CEO of Searle. (rense.com)
  • Blaylock says that Searle, the company that developed aspartame knew about this. (pharmacistben.com)
  • According to Dr. Blaylock "the original studies done by the G.D. Searle company "…found lymphomas as well as primary brain tumors and tumors of multiple organs" at the time of the approval by the United states government Donald Rumsfeld was the chairman of the Searle corporation. (pharmacistben.com)
  • While all of this was going on, a chemist for the drug company Searle was working on a medication for ulcers, which turned out to be a compound 200 times sweeter than sugar - aspartame. (doctorschierling.com)
  • Since aspartame offers the same sweet taste as sugar without the calories it is a very effective tool to help meet dietary recommendations. (aspartame.org)
  • The U.S. Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015 - 2020 advises consuming less than 10 percent of daily calories from added sugars. (aspartame.org)
  • and 4-oz. of aspartame-sweetened pudding substituted for regular pudding saves 80 calories. (aspartame.org)
  • Consider this: a 355 ml can of soda pop (which contains 10 teaspoons of sugar and 150 calories), daily can add up to a whopping 55,000 calories yearly. (turningpointnutrition.ca)
  • Now while it is important to recognize that simply fighting sugar cravings is a futile strategy. (pharmacistben.com)
  • This is mostly because its massive amounts of sugar is a great way to screw up your METABOLISM / PHYSIOLOGY , as well as the fact it's incredibly acidic. (doctorschierling.com)
  • With more than 200 studies attesting to its safety, aspartame is one of the most researched food additives in the world and has a long history of safe use. (aspartame.org)
  • Reviews have analyzed studies which have looked at the consumption of aspartame in countries worldwide, including the US, countries in Europe, and Australia, among others. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since the beginning almost 100% of independent studies have shown so many of the horrible symptoms and diseases triggered and precipitated by aspartame that its common knowledge aspartame is dangerous and a killer, and what would you expect from a product once listed with the pentagon in an inventory of prospective biochemical warfare weapons submitted to Congress. (deagle-network.com)
  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_cuAvEIkJto&feature=youtu.be Yet no matter how strong the studies are, the government own records are against it and evidence that would cause a win in any honest law suit nothing happens because of political power of the aspartame industry. (deagle-network.com)
  • This means that the cause of all these negative effects in these important studies is due to aspartame. (deagle-network.com)
  • Dr. Monte is Emeritus Professor of Nutrition Arizona State University, He tried to get the teratology or birth defect studies on aspartame without success which had been sealed. (deagle-network.com)
  • In a society that's often defined by our addictions, science has clearly shown us that sugar is at the very least, AS ADDICTIVE AS HARD DRUGS , with many studies showing it's actually more addictive - as great as 8x more addictive. (doctorschierling.com)
  • For example, three large studies published between 2007 and 2009 found that people who drank diet sodas regularly were more likely to develop type 2 diabetes and had between 30 and 55 percent higher risk of metabolic syndrome (a constellation of health problems that could increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and stroke) than those who didn't. (doctorschierling.com)
  • The studies suggested giving it in small doses many times throughout the day to keep constant levels in the bloodstream. (earthclinic.com)
  • At this time I had also read about studies showing that high doses of vitamin A actually dissolves Beta Amyloid deposits in lab animals. (earthclinic.com)
  • Although I once had a person tell me (with others in the room nodding in confirmation) that she drank 30 cans of Diet Dr. Pepper a day, that's extreme by anyone's standard. (doctorschierling.com)
  • Formaldehyde, an embalming preservative for laboratory specimens, is no longer used because it has been shown to be a powerful carcinogen. (turningpointnutrition.ca)
  • The discovery of aspartame was not intentional but rather a result of a laboratory accident. (wikikenko.com)
  • Due to this property, even though aspartame produces 4 kcal (17 kJ) of energy per gram when metabolized, about the same as sucrose, the quantity of aspartame needed to produce a sweet taste is so small that its caloric contribution is negligible. (wikipedia.org)
  • This watchdog for the health of a Nation received more complaints on aspartame than on any other additive. (rense.com)
  • Disciplining and controlling the human "sweet tooth" and subsequently stabilizing blood sugar is one of the most important things a person can do to maintain good health. (pharmacistben.com)
  • Here is a good article by Dr. Axe giving you some history on this chemical poison, As the Telegraph article points out about the new study "Consuming two diet drinks a day could increase the risk of early death by more than a quarter, the World Health Organization as warned. (deagle-network.com)
  • At the same time, Dr. Soffritti's findings have energized a vociferous group of researchers, health advocates and others who say they are convinced that aspartame is a toxin associated with a variety of health troubles, including headaches, dizziness, blindness and seizures. (oawhealth.com)
  • If you want to read the sordid story of the way Donald Rumsfeld gained aspartame's FDA approval after over a decade and a half of denials, HERE it is. (doctorschierling.com)
  • Reviews have also found that populations that are believed to be especially high consumers of aspartame, such as children and diabetics, are below the ADI for safe consumption, even considering extreme worst-case scenario calculations of consumption. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this unbound or 'free' form, the body breaks aspartame down rapidly into the toxic by-products formic acid (an irritant found in red ant venom), and DKP (aspartylphenylalanine diketopiperine), an agent linked to gene mutations. (turningpointnutrition.ca)
  • After testing underground water in Jixi's Liumao Village in Heilongjiang Province, researches found mercury levels nine times the national standard, reported China Central Television. (naturalnews.com)
  • Hexavalent chromium (chromium-6) was just found in 75% of drinking water. (naturalnews.com)
  • I certainly agree with the article: " The findings suggest Government policies aimed at cutting sugar consumption - such as the sugar tax on fizzy drinks and "reformation" of common sweet foods - could have disastrous consequences. (deagle-network.com)
  • Sweet n Low account for 100 million dollars a year in sales and according to the manufacturer 30 million people use it every day. (pharmacistben.com)
  • Until 1999, people were unaware that Monsanto, the GM food giant, used genetically engineered bacteria to make aspartame for theUSmarket. (turningpointnutrition.ca)
  • But both the F.D.A. and the European Commission have cautioned that there is no need for people to avoid aspartame. (oawhealth.com)
  • Unless we put medical freedom into the constitution the time will come when medicine will organize into an undercover dictatorship and force people who wish doctors and treatment of their own choice to submit to only what the dictating outfit offers. (utopiasilver.com)
  • How many times can you try to get the word out for the sole purpose of helping people? (janethull.com)
  • Scientists from the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) have also reviewed the scientific data regarding the safety of aspartame in food and concluded that it is safe for the general population. (aspartame.org)
  • Ever notice how soft-drink companies quickly collect any unsold products from grocery shelves? (turningpointnutrition.ca)
  • The sad fact is that it is cheaper to sweeten food products with aspartame than anything else…….even world priced sugar. (deagle-network.com)
  • Aspartame may be linked to increasing brain cancer rates. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • 9/23/2016 - An Environmental Working Group review of government water analysis data reveals that 75% of drinking water in America is contaminated with cancer-causing hexavalent chromium (also known as chromium-6). (naturalnews.com)
  • And Dr. Soffritti's study concluded that aspartame may cause the dreaded "c" word: cancer. (oawhealth.com)
  • This aspartame autism release follows the WHO release in July 2023 that aspartame causes cancer, something researchers also first discovered in the 1970s . (janethull.com)
  • How can aspartame contribute to a healthy diet? (aspartame.org)
  • The truth is, if SUGAR / SODA were not addictive (even in its "diet" form) Americans would not be consuming a whopping 80 PLUS GALLONS per person, annually. (doctorschierling.com)
  • This was the time when cola machines with diet drinks were introduced into every public school, library, and mall in the USA. (janethull.com)
  • The article continues that "The reach which tracked participants for an average of 16 years, is the largest study to examine links between soft drink consumption and mortality. (deagle-network.com)
  • FDA's response arrived January 14, 2008 from Chicago, signed by George F. Bailey, Freedom of Information Officer, stating this: 'Due to the amount of time that has elapsed since the Bressler Report was written and based on the FDA's Records Retention Schedule, records in our files of that age have been destroyed. (rense.com)
  • Aspartame was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1974, and then again in 1981, after approval was revoked in 1980. (wikipedia.org)
  • La ĉi-suba teksto estas aŭtomata traduko de la artikolo Food and Drug Administration article en la angla Vikipedio , farita per la sistemo GramTrans on 2018-01-07 08:46:24. (wikitrans.net)