Time chromosome mapping. Medical search. Frequent questions

They found that during evolution, a reshuffling of DNA known as translocation brought together separate chunks of sex-determining genes onto a single chromosome, essentially mimicking the human X or Y chromosome. (phys.org)
In the 1960's, Japanese-American geneticist and evolutionary biologist Susumu Ohno proposed a theory in which the genes determining sex first arose at various spots scattered across the entire genome , but over time were "captured" on the sex chromosomes. (phys.org)
In C. amylolentus , dozens of genes at two different locations on the chromosomes control what's called a tetrapolar, or four-part, mating system. (phys.org)
The researchers sequenced the entire genome of C. amylolentus , mapping the location of all the genes as well as the centromeres on each of the organism's 14 chromosomes. (phys.org)
The newest addition could be useful in identifying and diagnosing the few known conditions related to genes in the Y chromosome. (labmanager.com)
There are certainly aspects of fertility and some genetic disorders that are connected to genes in the Y chromosome," Zook said. (labmanager.com)
1910: Thomas Hunt Morgan shows that genes reside on chromosomes while determining the nature of sex-linked traits by studying Drosophila melanogaster. (wikipedia.org)
1913: Alfred Sturtevant makes the first genetic map, showing that chromosomes contain linearly arranged genes. (wikipedia.org)
Four genes for slow rust resistance were identified on chromosomes 2D, 7B, 7A and 3B. (usda.gov)
Located on the X chromosome itself, Xist produces a protein that spreads up and down the chromosome during female embryonic development, turning off its genes. (sciencedaily.com)
and the University of California, Santa Cruz, Genome Browser, to look for genes or genomic regions of chromosomes 1 and 19 thought to produce proteins that interact with Xist. (sciencedaily.com)
Genes have been identified on the Y chromosome that have been shown to be required for the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease," Walsh said via email. (cnn.com)
The Human Genome Project created a map of all human genes. (kidshealth.org)
It shows where the genes are located on the chromosomes. (kidshealth.org)
It is noteworthy that type II collagen and vitamin D receptor genes map in the same region on chromosome 12q13.11, according to the UCSC Genome Browser database. (bmj.com)
We harness this extensive molecular genetic knowledge to identify potential flowering time quantitative trait genes (QTGs) through candidate gene association mapping using 51 flowering time loci. (bath.ac.uk)
We genotyped common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at these genes in 275 A. thaliana accessions that were also phenotyped for flowering time and rosette leaf number in long and short days. (bath.ac.uk)
Using structured association techniques, we find that haplotype-tagging SNPS in 27 flowering time genes show significant associations in various trait/environment combinations. (bath.ac.uk)
We conservatively estimate that similar to 4-14% of known flowering time genes may harbor common alleles that contribute to natural variation in this life history trait. (bath.ac.uk)
Analysis of the gene space of 5DS suggested an increasing gradient of genes organized in islands towards the telomere, with the highest gene density of 5.17 genes/Mb in the 0.67-0.78 deletion bin, 1.4 to 1.6 times that of all other bins. (biomedcentral.com)
Of the 11 genes mapped to this 300kb interval, cystatin E/M, a cysteine protease inhibitor, seemed to be a potential candidate due to reports of its involvement in breast cancer. (uclahealth.org)
The human sex chromosomes, X and Y, used to be nearly identical, but now the Y has lost 90% of the genes it once shared with the Y, and some have speculated that the Y chromosome will disappear in less than five million years. (pandasthumb.org)
This means that in addition to the single-copy coding genes on the Y chromosome, the highly repetitive, but still poorly understood, ampliconic regions are likely also affected by natural selection. (pandasthumb.org)
What can you say about the function of the 27 genes located on the Y chromosome. (pandasthumb.org)
Although not part of this study, I can say that the 27 genes on the Y chromosome can generally be divided into those that function in many tissues, and those that now primarily function in the testes. (pandasthumb.org)
When we think about the population of our common ancestors, what this tells us is that, although there has certainly been variation in male reproductive success, and that this varies across populations, the genes on the Y chromosome continue to be preserved because they serve an important function. (pandasthumb.org)
His current work is focused on two broad goals: (1) mapping variants and genes that confer risk to human disease, with ongoing projects focused on coronary artery disease and cardiometabolic traits in unique and underrepresented populations, and (2) developing methods for the detection and interpretation of human genome variation, with an emphasis on structural variation and other difficult-to-detect forms, and on comprehensive trait association in human disease studies. (yale.edu)
Earliness per se genes are those that regulate flowering time independently of vernalization and photoperiod, and are important for the. (cas.cz)
Our data indicate, for the first time, a requirement for MAPK signaling in the developing XY gonad in order to facilitate normal expression of SRY and the downstream testis-determining genes and also suggest that reduced dosage of MAP3K4 may be the cause of a previously described autosomal sex-reversing mutation in the mouse. (plos.org)
More than 8,000 of these genes already have been identified or mapped (2). (cdc.gov)
Until ten years ago, it was hoped that the mapping of the human genome - all our genes - would enable us to better understand the course of different diseases. (lu.se)
We also know that polyploids have evolved over a long time period and that they constitute an archive of genes that successively have gone extinct in the parental lineages. (lu.se)

The Plant Journal 39, 960-968 Dissecting large and complex genomes: flow sorting and BAC cloning of individual chromosomes from bread wheat. (tiki-toki.com)

What was once the final frontier of the human genome-the Y chromosome-has just been mapped out in its entirety. (labmanager.com)
Led by the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), a team of researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and many other organizations used advanced sequencing technologies to read out the full DNA sequence of the Y chromosome-a region of the genome that typically drives male reproductive development. (labmanager.com)
Last year, a team from the Telomere-to-Telomere (T2T) consortium, which is made up of experts from dozens of organizations such as NIST, generated the most complete reference genome at the time by using new sequencing technologies to crack previously indecipherable regions of the genome. (labmanager.com)
Chromosomes all contain sections of very repetitive DNA, but well over half of the Y chromosome is like that," said study co-author Justin Zook, who leads NIST's Genome in a Bottle (GIAB) consortium. (labmanager.com)
While GIAB has not yet produced a benchmark for the Y chromosome specifically, the consortium has studied one genome extensively, accumulating the largest collection of Y chromosome data prior to the new study. (labmanager.com)
T2T-Y, in combination with the group's previous reference genome, T2T-CHM13, represents the world's first complete genome for the half of the population with a Y chromosome. (labmanager.com)
Researchers successfully sequenced the entire Y chromosome, previously considered the most elusive part of the human genome. (neurosciencenews.com)
I retired in April 2023, having worked at the Sanger Institute since it opened in 1993, first in the Chromosome 22 Mapping group as part of the human genome project, then with COSMIC (Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer). (sanger.ac.uk)
Later, when the human genome mapping project (HGMP) groups came to an end, I joined the COSMIC team (Catalogue Of Somatic Mutations In Cancer) as a biocurator. (sanger.ac.uk)
The goal: to map the human genome and spell out for the world the entire message hidden in its chemical code. (time.com)
After nearly 40 years of searching, researchers report they have identified a part of the human genome that appears to block an RNA responsible for keeping only a single X chromosome active when new female embryos are formed, effectively allowing for the generally lethal activation of more than one X chromosome during development. (sciencedaily.com)
Only one section of the human genome fit the bill with these criteria -- a stretch of DNA on the short arm of chromosome 19. (sciencedaily.com)
The Y chromosome has represented the 'dark matter' of the genome," he added. (cnn.com)
One special type of plasmid used for genome sequencing is a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) , which can contain DNA fragments of about 150 kb. (learner.org)
The present study used genome-wide mapping of meiotic DNA double-strand breaks - sites where recombination begins - in diverged Saccharomyces species. (mskcc.org)
One copy of the human genome contains about 3 billion nucleotides, which are distributed among 23 chromosomes. (genome.gov)
Moreover, okra genome is allopolyploid in nature and possess a large number of chromosomes (2n = 56-196) which makes it more complicated. (intechopen.com)
Nearly 12 years after it was first declared complete, the map of the human genome still contains vast stretches that may as well be labeled "Here Be Dragons. (fredhutch.org)
Mapping the genome using those techniques is like doing a one-dimensional jigsaw puzzle, Henikoff said, gesturing with one hand over the other as he pieced together an imaginary stretch of DNA. (fredhutch.org)
The construction of BAC-based physical maps of individual chromosomes reduces the complexity of this allohexaploid genome, enables elucidation of gene space and evolutionary relationships, provides tools for map-based cloning, and serves as a framework for reference sequencing efforts. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we provide a chromosome-specific view into the organization and evolution of the D genome of bread wheat, in comparison to one of its ancestors, revealing recent genome rearrangements. (biomedcentral.com)
In the absence of a finished quality genome sequence, insights into wheat genome structure and function have been accumulating through survey sequencing of individual chromosomes or chromosome-specific Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) libraries. (biomedcentral.com)
We next developed statistical models to estimate the number of sites affected by purifying selection on a set of hypothetical Y chromosomes, then tested which models were most likely to have acted in the past, given what the variation we observe across the genome today. (pandasthumb.org)
We report for the first time whole-genome resequencing of the four subsp. (nature.com)
A high-depth resequencing approach was followed, using the BGISEQ-500 platform that enables the identification of rare variants, with an average of 33.5X. Approximately 94.5% of the clean reads were mapped against the reference Zucchini genome. (nature.com)

Linkage mapping using different populations identified a major QTL in the genomic region that contains the gene Waxy ( Wx ) on chromosome 6. (biomedcentral.com)
You are able to load genomic, genetic or radiation hybrid maps. (animalgenome.org)
All comparitive maps are based on the UCSC synteny for genomic maps. (animalgenome.org)
In the current version of VCMap, if you wish to load genetic or radiation hybrid comparative map, the genomic version of that map must be loaded before the genetic or radiation hybrid comparative map. (animalgenome.org)
A study published Thursday in the journal Science Advances sheds light on large chunks of genomic black holes by revealing the sequences of many human centromeres, the middle regions of our chromosomes essential for cell division. (fredhutch.org)
Chromosome 11q13 genomic mapping studies have also identified PACS-1 (phosphofurin acidic cluster sorter protein-1) gene as an oncogene. (uclahealth.org)

The gene on the chromosome 7B was located on the same location as Lr68. (usda.gov)
Studies done elsewhere identified the mechanism behind the silencing of X chromosomes: a gene called Xist, short for X-inactive specific transcript. (sciencedaily.com)
To identify the likely location of the repressor protein and the gene that codes for it, the researchers started by looking at cells from human embryos with different forms of chromosomal trisomy, a condition in which cells carry three copies of a particular chromosome instead of two. (sciencedaily.com)
We also genotyped a subset of these flowering time gene SNPs in all independent recombinant inbred line population derived from the intercrossing of 19 accessions. (bath.ac.uk)
Approximately one-third of significant polymorphisms that were associated with flowering time in the accessions and genotyped in the outbred population were replicated in both mapping populations, including SNPs at the CO, FIX, VIN3, PHYD, and GA1 loci, and coding region deletions at the FRI gene. (bath.ac.uk)
About 250 million of humankind's 3 billion DNA letters remain unmapped , mysterious sequences tucked into gene-less gaps littered across our chromosomes. (fredhutch.org)
In this study, we constructed the first comprehensive physical map of wheat chromosome arm 5DS, thereby exploring its gene space organization and evolution. (biomedcentral.com)
The researchers have previously used microsatellite analysis of cervical cancer cell lines and primary tumors to localize a tumor suppressor gene to a 300kb interval of chromosome 11q13. (uclahealth.org)
qReal-Time PCR analysis showed that the chicken APOB gene was highly expressed in kidney, liver, and intestine. (wur.nl)
The locus at chromosome 1q21 was identified by linkage mapping in 1998, but the gene has only recently been discovered due to difficulty with sequencing this highly repetitive region and was previously missed using next-generation sequencing. (medscape.com)
Their cur- features including deep-set eyes, mi- linked to the TBCE gene on chromosome rent mean age is 5 years (range 11 crognathia, depressed nasal bridge, 1q42-43 which encodes for the tubulin- months-10 years). (who.int)
In 1991, I went on postdoc to Mark Chase's lab in Chapel Hill, NC to learn more about the systematics of the Acanthaceae by using restriction site mapping and gene sequencing. (lu.se)

We first ran statistical models that let us alter the number of males and females that contributed their genomes (the non-sex chromosomes, chromosome X, chromosome Y, and mtDNA ) to the next generation. (pandasthumb.org)

High-Resolution Radiation Hybrid Map of Wheat Chromosome 1D. (tiki-toki.com)

In this study, the researchers showed that in Cryptococcus amylolentus, the ancestral state, the P/R locus resided on chromosome 10 and the HD locus on chromosome 11. (phys.org)
On the whole, a susceptibility locus for disc herniation and autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia was found on chromosome 6q23.3-q24.1. (bmj.com)
The earliness per se locus Eps-A(m)1 was recently mapped within a 0.8 cM interval on chromosome 1A(m)L of diploid wheat Triticum monococcum L., and it was shown that its effect was modulated by temperature. (cas.cz)
Experiments using NILs homozygous for chromosomes with recombination events within the 0.8 cM Eps-A(m)1 region showed that the differences in number of spikelets per spike were linked to the differences in heading time controlled by the Eps-A(m)1 locus. (cas.cz)

Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for starch paste viscosity in rice were analyzed using chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) developed from the two cultivars 9311 and Nipponbare, which have same Wx-b allele. (biomedcentral.com)
Minor QTLs controlling starch viscosity traits were identified by using the chromosome segment substitution strategy. (biomedcentral.com)
To identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for slow-rusting traits in a winter wheat line CI13227, a linkage map was constructed using 6415 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers derived from wheat 90K SNP assays and 84 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and a doubled haploid (DH) population from CI13227 × Lakin. (usda.gov)
The QTL on the chromosome 7B was significant for area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) in both experiments, and explained 8.1 and 19.3% of the phenotypic variation, but was only significant in one experiment for final severity (FS), infection type (IT), and latent period (LP). The other two QTLs on chromosomes 7A and 3B showed a minor effect on some of the traits evaluated in a single experiment. (usda.gov)
RESULTS: Eight main effect QTLs on three chromosomes (1B, 2A and 3A) were identified using two repeat experiments. (bvsalud.org)

The researchers pitted their complete Y chromosome sequence, named T2T-Y, against the most widely used reference genome's Y chromosome parts, which are riddled with stretches of absent code. (labmanager.com)
Francis Quetier: "I remember 2 young ladies named Catherine & Kellye who caught me in a meeting to get 2 M € from ANR to sequence the 3B chromosome. (tiki-toki.com)
Now, the same group of researchers has filled in the missing information, publishing a complete Y chromosome sequence Wednesday in the journal Nature . (cnn.com)
The more detailed information provided by the new Y reference sequence will make it easier to study conditions and disorders linked to the chromosome, such as lack of sperm production that leads to infertility. (cnn.com)
A backbone map is the primary map that will serve as the anchor off of which all comparative maps loaded will locate their sequence. (animalgenome.org)
The high-quality physical map constructed in this study paves the way for the assembly of a reference sequence, from which breeding efforts will greatly benefit. (biomedcentral.com)
Real-Time Analysis and Visualization of Pathogen Sequence Data. (cdc.gov)

As technology became available to survey variations at the genetic level, Cavalli-Sforza began examining genetic changes on the Y chromosome in populations around the world. (stanford.edu)
In all populations of limited size, genetic variation is lost over time. (lu.se)

Sutton's work with grasshoppers showed that chromosomes occur in matched pairs of maternal and paternal chromosomes which separate during meiosis. (wikipedia.org)
In each cell, most humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46. (sciencedaily.com)
The first attempt to determine the building blocks of our genetic code took place 20 years ago, but there were still significant gaps left in the sequences of all 23 pairs of human chromosomes. (cnn.com)
Fusing image data from a library called the Human Protein Atlas and existing maps of protein interactions, the machine learning algorithm was tasked with computing the distances between protein pairs. (sciencealert.com)

However, over half of the sequences within the Y chromosome, the smallest and most complicated of the 46 human chromosomes, remained unknown. (cnn.com)
TO: Those Interested FROM: Jonathan Arnold, ARNOLD at BSCF.UGA.EDU SUBJECT: ODS DISTRIBUTION INFORMATION ON Ordering DNA Sequences (ODS) ver 1.0 (c) 1990 The Univ of GA & A. Jamie Cuticchia PROGRAM DESCRIPTION: Programs are now available to assist in the in vitro reconstruction of chromosomes or chromosome fragments ('contig mapping') from a clonal library. (bio.net)
ODS: Ordering DNA Sequences, a physical mapping algorithm based on simulated annealing. (bio.net)
mlplasmids: a user-friendly tool to predict plasmid- and chromosome-derived sequences for single species. (cdc.gov)

Genetic mapping utilizing an update to R/qtl2 revealed differing profiles of significant loci for both traits between 635 of the DH lines and 2 sets of 570 and 471 derived hybrids. (nih.gov)
Plant area index ( PAI ) estimated from below‐canopy hemispherical images, as well as a suite of thirteen traits assessed by manual destructive harvests, were measured in a Setaria recombinant inbred line mapping population segregating for aboveground productivity and architecture. (osti.gov)

In a study appearing early online Aug. 11 in PLOS Biology , Duke researchers have mapped the evolutionary turning point that transformed the pathogenic form of Cryptococcus from an organism of many sexes to one with only two. (phys.org)
Researchers at NIST and their colleagues have built a superconducting camera containing 400,000 pixels - 400 times more than any other device of its type. (nist.gov)
Sex chromosome researchers have long known that the vast majority of human and other mammalian females have two X chromosomes, while the vast majority of males have a single X and a Y, and only one X chromosome is active in females. (sciencedaily.com)
Now, researchers have developed a new technique that uses artificial intelligence to assimilate data from microscopy images of single cells and biochemical analyses, to create a 'unified map' of subcellular components - half of which, it turns out, we've never seen before. (sciencealert.com)
By sequencing the DNA of the three colour forms of the bluetail damselfly and comparing it to the two colour forms in its closely related tropical relative Ischnura senegalensis , the researchers were able to demonstrate that this genetic colour variation in females arose at least five million years ago - through several different mutations in a specific genetic region on the damselfly's thirteenth chromosome. (lu.se)

Centromeres are indispensable guideposts when cells split in two, providing an anchor point for cellular machinery to attach and pull as chromosomes duplicate and then segregate, one copy to each new cell. (fredhutch.org)

The Y chromosome was a particularly hard nut to crack because it is unusually repetitive. (cnn.com)

When other comparative maps are loaded on top of that backbone, they will load all chromosomes that have syntenic regions that fall on the single chromosome of the backbone map, usually from more than one chromosome. (animalgenome.org)
Ordering of 80 contigs along the deletion bins of chromosome arm 5DS revealed small-scale breaks in syntenic blocks. (biomedcentral.com)

DiGeorge syndrome and velocardiofacial syndrome are variants of the chromosome arm 22q11 microdeletion syndrome. (medscape.com)
I now dicovererd the fascinating story of polyploid evolution in the genus where two principal lineages, the D. incarnata and the D. maculata lineages, have repeatedly added new variants to the D. majalis complex after hybridization and chromosome doubling. (lu.se)

I first worked in the Human Chromosome 22 mapping group, including 2 years spent working for The SNP Consortium (TSC) validation group. (sanger.ac.uk)
I am very proud to have been part of the HGMP, involved in working on the first human chromosome to be mapped and sequenced. (sanger.ac.uk)
Because so-called X-inactivation is essential for normal female embryo development in humans and other mammals, and two activated X chromosomes create an inherently fatal condition, the research may help explain the worldwide human sex ratio that has slightly favored males over females for as long as science has been able to measure it. (sciencedaily.com)
However, says Barbara R. Migeon, M.D., professor of pediatrics at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and a pioneer in X-inactivation research, she and her colleagues reported nearly four decades ago that in some human embryos with triploidy -- a condition in which there are three sets of chromosomes instead of the usual two -- two copies of the X chromosome remained active. (sciencedaily.com)
Just a few years ago, half of the human Y chromosome was missing (from the reference)," said Monika Cechova, co-lead author on the paper and postdoctoral scholar in biomolecular engineering at the University of California, Santa Cruz, in a statement. (cnn.com)
This is the first time that disc herniation and the associated neurological syndrome has been linked to a human chromosomal region. (bmj.com)
From that, he devised the first of his many maps depicting human variation across the globe. (stanford.edu)
We just had a paper published over at PLoS Genetics entitled, "Natural selection reduced diversity on human Y chromosomes. (pandasthumb.org)
We show that human Y chromosomes are much more similar to each other than expected. (pandasthumb.org)
We found that, accounting for population-specific variation in male reproductive success (boxed results below), the number of sites predicted to be affected by purifying selection on the human Y chromosome fell in between the number of single-copy coding sites and the total number of sites in the ampliconic regions. (pandasthumb.org)
Purifying selection - that removes harmful mutations - acting on many sites of the Y chromosome, resulted in a population of Y chromosomes as similar to one another as the the Y chromosomes we observed in the real human data. (pandasthumb.org)
A hefty effort, it's not the first time that scientists have tried to map the inner workings of human cells, though. (sciencealert.com)
Other efforts to create reference maps of protein interactions have yielded similarly mind-boggling numbers and attempted to measure protein levels across tissues of the human body. (sciencealert.com)

Then, known segments of the marked chromosomes (which can contain very small fragments of DNA) are cloned in plasmids . (learner.org)

Positive lod score values were obtained for chromosome 6q22.31-q24.1, with evidence of three homozygous intervals. (bmj.com)

The most likely explanation for this phenomenon, Migeon reasons, was that a protein that represses the X chromosome silencing activity of Xist was working overtime, allowing more than one X chromosome to remain activated. (sciencedaily.com)
For the first time, the laboratory has identified a nuclear function for a cytoplasmic transport protein (Nuclear function of cytosolic sorting protein PACS-1. (uclahealth.org)
The result: Ideker and colleagues have flipped textbook maps of globular cells which give us a birds-eye view of candy-colored organelles into an intricate web of protein-protein interactions, organized by the teensy distances between them. (sciencealert.com)
Other proteins mapped included transmembrane transport systems that pump supplies into and out of cells, families of proteins that help organize bulky chromosomes, and protein complexes whose job it is to make, well, more proteins. (sciencealert.com)
In doing so, the Multi-Scale Integrated Cell technique or MuSIC "increases the resolution of imaging while giving protein interactions a spatial dimension, paving the way to incorporate diverse types of data in proteome-wide cell maps," Qin, Ideker and colleagues write . (sciencealert.com)

Tandem repeats are short stretches of nucleotides that are repeated multiple times and are highly variable among people. (genome.gov)

The genome's DNA is packed into structures called chromosomes . (genome.gov)

Regardless of the name or species, Heitman contends that some universal principles could govern the evolution of all sex chromosomes. (phys.org)
When you load multiple maps from different species, all of the off-backbone maps are anchored relative to the single chromosome from the backbone map, often resulting in multiple chromosomes appearing for each off-backbone species. (animalgenome.org)
In a short period of time, I was able to detect the pattern of the wing beats of birds on the radar allowing us to some extent to determine which species of birds were migrating even at night. (balzan.org)
We now have a good knowledge base for investigating the colour variation over longer evolutionary time scales among other species of this damselfly genus, which occurs in Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia, North and South America. (lu.se)
These new genetic results help us understand both the evolutionary processes that take place within a species, and what happens over longer evolutionary macroevolutionary time scales of tens of millions of years and across several different species", concludes Erik Svensson. (lu.se)
However, much material without names had accumulated in botanical museums with time and I decribed several species and taxa at lower rank that were new to science. (lu.se)

These regions of the chromosome are so dense that they were once thought to be removed from recombination. (phys.org)
In most organisms, meiotic recombination is crucial for the accurate partitioning of chromosomes. (mskcc.org)
A subject of great debate in the field has been whether recombination sites can be conserved over evolutionary time scales. (mskcc.org)
The maps reveal a remarkably high degree of conservation in recombination initiation sites, despite up to 15 million years of evolution. (mskcc.org)

Boveri was studying sea urchins when he found that all the chromosomes in the sea urchins had to be present for proper embryonic development to take place. (wikipedia.org)
In mammals, whether an individual develops as a male or female depends on its sex chromosome constitution: those with a Y chromosome become males because of the development of the embryonic gonad into a testis. (plos.org)

Our direct paternal ancestors have passed on their Y-Chromosome DNA (Y-DNA) generation after generation. (familytreedna.com)
Mapping the locations of our direct paternal ancestors helps us see similarities and differences in migration patterns. (familytreedna.com)
This page displays a map of the earliest known direct paternal ancestors for project members. (familytreedna.com)
This chromosome is passed directly from father to son, preserving a clear paternal lineage. (stanford.edu)

For example, Down syndrome in humans is marked by a trisomy of chromosome 21. (sciencedaily.com)
Humans typically have a pair of sex chromosomes in each cell. (cnn.com)

Scientists have been studying the evolution of sex chromosomes for more than a century. (phys.org)
Scientists have finally decoded mysteries of the Y chromosome. (cnn.com)
Scientists have fully sequenced the Y chromosome for the first time, uncovering information that could have implications for the study of male infertility and other health problems. (cnn.com)
Having a complete Y chromosome genetic reference may help scientists and doctors further explore this potential link. (cnn.com)
For the first time, scientists have wielded CRISPR to track a mammal's development from a single egg into an embryo with millions of cells. (acm.org)

During this time 2 years were spent working for The SNP Consortium (TSC) validation group. (sanger.ac.uk)

A mapping population comprising 149 RILs derived from the cross HUW 468 × C 306 was used for composite interval mapping (CIM) and inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM). (bvsalud.org)

The benefits, however, are numerous and I recommend that everyone try some mapping as they explore autosomal DNA testing. (thegeneticgenealogist.com)
Because having two active X chromosomes is lethal very early in development -- before a new embryo even implants into the uterine wall -- Migeon and her colleagues focused on autosomal trisomies. (sciencedaily.com)
So far, 16 loci have been identified, both on autosomal and X chromosomes. (bmj.com)

Cells containing two copies of each chromosome are called "diploid. (genome.gov)
Most mammals are diploid , but some organisms have either one set or more than two sets of each chromosome. (genome.gov)

Recent research suggests the Y chromosome is also important for health and longevity, said Kenneth Walsh, a professor of biochemistry and molecular genetics at the University of Virginia School of Medicine, who was not involved in the new research. (cnn.com)
The question of how and why genetic variation arises and is maintained over long periods of time is of key importance to evolutionary biology, population genetics and conservation biology. (lu.se)

Could you briefly explain how exactly you showed that variation on the Y chromosome is consistent with natural selection? (pandasthumb.org)
However, everything on the Y chromosome is linked together, so selection acting anywhere on the Y-specific portion of the Y chromosome will remove variation across the entire chromosome. (pandasthumb.org)
Although this chromosome-position dependent expression variation has been empirically mapped at high-resolution, the underlying causes of the variation have not been elucidated. (biorxiv.org)
In the new study published in Nature Ecology and Evolution, a research team mapped the extensive and striking colour variation among the females of the bluetail damselfly (Ischnura elegans). (lu.se)
Our study clarifies when, how and why this variation arose, and shows that this variation has been maintained over long evolutionary time periods through so-called balanced natural selection", says Erik Svensson, biology professor at Lund University. (lu.se)

This new analysis will allow us to better understand the regions of the Y chromosome that have regulatory functions and may encode mRNA and proteins. (cnn.com)
However, mapping all our proteins, which is the initial goal of the new research field known as proteomics, will take a long time. (lu.se)
We are now trying to look at the whole proteome, i.e. all the proteins in a certain type of cell at a certain time. (lu.se)
In principle, this method can be used to analyse thousands of proteins at a time. (lu.se)

Chromosome mapping - essentially mapping every segment of your DNA to an ancestor - is a challenging and lifelong endeavor. (thegeneticgenealogist.com)

The use of simulated annealing in chromosome reconstruction experiments based on binary scoring. (bio.net)

Surprisingly, they've shown that these crucial translocations occurred at the centromeres, the twisty ties that hold together chromosomes at the center of an x-shaped pair. (phys.org)

We constructed a linkage map using markers from a cross of CI13227 with Lakin, which is a susceptible cultivar. (usda.gov)
Exploitation of biotechnological tools in okra improvement programmes is often restricted, due to the non availability of abundant polymorphic molecular markers and defined genetic maps. (intechopen.com)

At the time, "yeast nucleic acid" (RNA) was thought to occur only in plants, while "thymus nucleic acid" (DNA) only in animals. (wikipedia.org)
For millions of years, brewer's yeast and its close relatives have packed their DNA into 16 distinct chromosomes. (acm.org)
A) An entire chromosome from yeast ( S. pombe ) is stretched out in a meandering channel. (lu.se)

Catherine to Jaroslav: "I believe we can do it with chromosome BAC libraries for 2003 sequencing! (tiki-toki.com)

The 23rd pair is composed of the sex chromosomes, either two X's, in the cases of females, or an X and a Y, in the case of males. (sciencedaily.com)

Several cases of chromosome 10p deletion have also been reported in which affected individuals have some features of DiGeorge syndrome. (medscape.com)

One first constructs a map of the chromosomes, marking them at regular intervals of about 100 kilobases (kb). (learner.org)

By the time Cavalli-Sforza arrived at Stanford in 1970, he had already begun developing new statistical tools for analyzing molecular differences between groups of people around the world. (stanford.edu)

At any time after the infection is established, the vast majority of plasmodia will be in some stage of asexual maturation leading to another round of multiplication within the patient's bloodstream. (nationalacademies.org)

For the backbone map, you must specify a single chromosome to be loaded at a time. (animalgenome.org)
That is, when you swap backbones, you can choose a single chromosome from an off-backbone map to become the new backbone. (animalgenome.org)
Even though VCMap only loads a single chromosome at a time, in most cases, it is still impossible to display all of the available features for that chromosome at once. (animalgenome.org)

However, these maps will now be anchored to a new, different backbone and therefore, different homologous regions from different chromosomes may be loaded as well. (animalgenome.org)

Doctors can use this map to find and treat or cure some kinds of genetic disorders. (kidshealth.org)

The loss in yield, due to YVMD in okra was found ranging from 30 to 100% depending on the age of the plant at the time of infection. (intechopen.com)
The theory behind the ODS program for 'contig mapping' can be found in: Cuticchia, A.J., Arnold, J., and W.E. Timberlake. (bio.net)

1880-1890: Walther Flemming, Eduard Strasburger, and Edouard Van Beneden elucidate chromosome distribution during cell division. (wikipedia.org)
Meiosis is a cell division that generates sperm and egg and results in a halving of the number of chromosomes. (mskcc.org)

Simulated annealing allows approximate solutions to Np complete problems in a finite amount of time. (bio.net)

Il s'agit de la première série de cas du syndrome de Sanjad-Sakati confirmés génétiquement en Jordanie. (who.int)

Cultivars that carry slow rusting resistance can last a long time without being overcome by new rust races. (usda.gov)

For a genetic analysis of the inheritance of behavior, the genetic tools were simply not available at that time. (balzan.org)

The first business meeting of the IWGSC was held in conjunction with the International Triticeae Mapping Initiative (ITMI) summer workshop in Bozeman, MT, USA, 29-31 May 2005. (tiki-toki.com)

That data served as a jumping-off point for the new study's authors, who focused their analysis on the best understood GIAB Y chromosome. (labmanager.com)

Significant evidence of linkage was obtained on chromosome 4q22 (LOD 3.33) and suggestive evidence of linkage at 8q13-21 (LOD 2.29) with the combined music test scores, using variance component linkage analyses. (bmj.com)

The physical map of 5DS was comprised of 164 contigs, of which 45 were organized into 21 supercontigs, covering 176 Mb with an N50 value of 2,173 kb. (biomedcentral.com)

The team reasoned that if the repressor was in a region that was duplicated, it would work overtime and turn off Xist on both X chromosomes, leaving both the X chromosomes active and selectively changing the survival of male vs. female embryos. (sciencedaily.com)
A similar effect on spikelet number was detected in the distal region of chromosome 1AL in common wheat (T. aestivum L. (cas.cz)

Genes32

Cloning of individual chromosomes1

Genome25

Genomic6

Gene12

Genomes1

Wheat Chromosome1

Locus4

QTLs5

Sequence7

Populations2

Pairs4

Sequences4

Traits2

Researchers5

Segregate1

Repetitive1

Syntenic2

Variants2

Human13

Fragments1

Homozygous1

Protein5

Nucleotides1

Genome's1

Species6

Recombination4

Embryonic2

Paternal4

Humans2

Scientists5

Consortium1

Interval1

Autosomal3

Diploid2

Genetics2

Variation5

Proteins4

Essentially1

Experiments1

Centromeres1

Markers2

Yeast3

Libraries1

Females1

Deletion1

Intervals1

Differences1

Vast1

Single3

Regions1

Doctors1

Found2

Cell2

Complete1

Syndrome1

Resistance1

Genetic Tools1

IWGSC1

Understood1

Significant1

Physical1

Region2