• To understand the association between netrin‑1 and the TJ‑associated proteins, the expression levels of proteins involved in maintaining the integrity of the BBB, including netrin‑1, claudin‑5, occludin and zonula occluden (ZO)‑1, were investigated in the present study using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis and immunofluorescence. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The results demonstrated that the levels of mRNA transcription and protein expression of the TJ‑associated proteins, claudin‑5, occludin and ZO‑1, were significantly reduced following TBI. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The present study also demonstrated that netrin‑1 significantly increased the downregulation of claudin‑5, occludin and ZO‑1 expression levels induced by TBI, which provided a basis for further investigation on the role of netrin‑1 in the integrity of TJs and proper functioning of the BBB. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Hirase T, Staddon JM, Saitou M, et al: Occludin as a possible determinant of tight junction permeability in endothelial cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Haskins J, Gu L, Wittchen ES, Hibbard J and Stevenson BR: ZO-3, a novel member of the MAGUK protein family found at the tight junction, interacts with ZO-1 and occludin. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The hyperpermeability after 16 or 24 hours was associated with decreased expression of tight junction proteins (occludin and claudin-5). (gla.ac.uk)
  • MVE-exposure resulted in altered cerebral microvascular integrity and permeability, as determined by the decreased immunofluorescent expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins, occludin, and claudin-5, and increased IgG extravasation into the cerebral parenchyma, compared to FA controls, regardless of ovary status. (nih.gov)
  • [6] . Others have shown a similar change in paracellular permeability regulated by AQP5 in salivary glands, however in that system it was associated with alterations in claudin-7, claudin-3, and occludin [5] . (plos.org)
  • In addition, these proteins can also associate with claudin, occludin and F-actin, at tight junction stands, where they provide a linkage between the actin cytoskeleton and the tight junction. (thermofisher.com)
  • Purpose: The levels of tight junction proteins (TJs), especially occludin correlate with blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption caused by central nervous system (CNS) inflammation during perioperative period. (researchsquare.com)
  • Cerebral microvascular endothelial cells are linked together through the interactions among multiple tight junction proteins including claudins, occludin and ZO-1 [ 5 ]. (researchsquare.com)
  • The decreased expression of tight junction proteins, especially occludin, correlates with BBB disruption in several situations such as cerebral ischemic injury [ 7 ]. (researchsquare.com)
  • A study revealed that truncation of occludin decreases transendothelial electrical resistance, suggesting a key role of occludin in the barrier function of the tight junction [ 8 ]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Hyperglycemia and advanced glycation end products disrupt BBB and promote occludin and claudin-5 protein secretion on extracellular microvesicles. (elisakits.co.uk)
  • To determine the mechanism by which PrP c downregulation leads to increased permeability of an endothelial monolayer, we examined changes in expression and localization of tight junction proteins, occludin and claudin-5, and found that decreased PrP c leads to decreased total and membrane-associated occludin and claudin-5. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Focusing on three major components, Nano-scale resolution revealed sparse (occludin) vs. clustered (ZO1/claudin-5) molecular architecture. (iucc.ac.il)
  • It also exacerbated BBB disruption and decreased the expression of tight junction-associated proteins, including ZO-1, claudin-5, and occludin-1, whereas the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone (RSG) had the opposite effects. (researchsquare.com)
  • Astrocyte activation increases hif-1, up-regulating vegf-a expression, which induces the down-regulation of claudin-5 and occludin, important proteins that compose the tight junctions of endothelial cells, leading to bbb injury argaw et al. (accurate3d.de)
  • In inflammatory bowel disease there is increased permeability and changes in the expression of Tight Junctions proteins (TJs) characterized by the reduction of claudin-3, 4, 5, 8 and occludin levels, and increased levels of claudin-2, suggesting that such disorders are consequences of an exacerbated pro-inflammatory response with high levels of IFN-³ and TNF-±, capable of modulating the TJs. (fapesp.br)
  • Altered virome signature in GWI mice also had a concomitant weakening of intestinal epithelial tight junctions with a significant increase in Claudin-2 protein expression and decrease in ZO1 and Occludin mRNA expression. (nebraska.edu)
  • The aim of the present study was to determine the changes in BBB permeability and whether pZsGreen1‑N1 mediated overexpression of netrin‑1 increased the expression of the TJ‑associated proteins following traumatic brain injury (TBI). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Furthermore, the changes in the expression of these three TJ proteins were consistent with the changes in the BBB permeability, indicating that weakening intercellular junctions leads to BBB opening. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Tight junction proteins in the cell organize paracellular permeability and they play a critical role in apical cell-to-cell adhesion and epithelial polarity. (medscimonit.com)
  • There is reason to believe that the permeability of the BBB and BSCB differs with evidence suggesting that the BSCB is more permeable [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In the present studies, we evaluated the BBB permeability and BBB injury as assessed by the cerebral Evans blue (EB) concentration as well as by pathological changes and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in T. canis-infected mice monitored from 3 days (dpi) to 8 weeks post-infection (wpi). (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Longer permeability disorders involve modulation of TJ protein transcription, apoptosis of epithelial cells, and structural changes in the epithelium. (fapesp.br)
  • Claudin-5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLDN5 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • We found reduced expression of the endothelial cell tight junction protein claudin-5 (Cldn5) and abnormal blood vessel morphology in nucleus accumbens (NAc) of stress-susceptible but not resilient mice. (nih.gov)
  • These findings suggest that chronic social stress alters BBB integrity through loss of tight junction protein Cldn5, promoting peripheral IL-6 passage across the BBB and depression. (nih.gov)
  • Description: Claudin-5, also known as BEC1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLDN5 gene. (exoquick.com)
  • Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit Claudin 5(CLDN5) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. (exoquick.com)
  • Human claudin-5 ELISA kit can measure concentrations of CLDN5 (claudin-5, BEC1, CPETRL1, TMVCF1) present is human biological fluids, serum, plasma and tissue homogenate samples. (elisakits.co.uk)
  • Furthermore, the blockade of ETB receptors also decreased TH-mRNA in DOCA-salt rats, but it did not modify TH activity or protein expression. (bvsalud.org)
  • We also showed that these factors decrease total PrP c protein as well as mRNA, indicating that they regulate expression of this protein by de novo synthesis. (elsevierpure.com)
  • BBB injury appeared due to enhanced GFAP protein and mRNA expressions from 4 to 8 wpi. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • whereas markedly elevated SP protein and NK-1R mRNA expressions concomitant with enhanced claudin-5 expression seemed to be associated with persistent BBB impairment in this experimental CT model. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Piglets challenged with ETEC had shorter villous height, deeper crypt depth, and reduced number of goblet cells in the jejunum and decreased mRNA abundance of claudin-1 in the ileum, whereas increased the percentage of lymphocytes, concentrations of IL-1β in the plasma and TNF-α in the ileal mucosa, as well as increased the mRNA abundances of innate immunity-related genes in the ileum tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ZO-2 and ZO-3 are ubiquitously expressed within epithelial tight junctions, and unlike ZO-1, which is also expressed at cell junctions of cardiac myocytes, ZO-2 is not expressed in nonepithelial tissue. (thermofisher.com)
  • Fanning AS, Mitic LL and Anderson JM: Transmembrane proteins in the tight junction barrier. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • CD45 protein exists as multiple isoforms as a result of alternative splicing, differ in their extracellular domains but share identical transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. (thermofisher.com)
  • Claudin-5 consists of 4 transmembrane domains, a short NH2 terminus, two extracellular loops (ECL), a short intracellular loop and a longer COOH terminus. (elisakits.co.uk)
  • Tight junctions (TJs) are present between the cerebral endothelial cells and serve the function of limiting the paracellular flux of molecules across the BBB. (hindawi.com)
  • It has been reported that the BBB protects CNS from harmful molecules and pathogens in the blood, and the effects are based on the structure of tight junctions between cerebral microvascular endothelial cells [ 6 ]. (researchsquare.com)
  • for number 7 13058_2014_444_MOESM8_ESM.gif (108K) GUID:?E8CDF63B-DC3B-4159-9D27-24735172BAF2 Abstract Intro The recently recognized claudin-low subtype of breast tumor is enriched for cells with stem-like and mesenchymal-like characteristics. (isme-la2019.org)
  • In this study, we investigated the role and mechanism of action of TBHQ on 5-fluorouracil-induced (5-FU-induced) human intestinal epithelial cell (HIEC) injury and intestinal mucositis in mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tight junction strands serve as a physical barrier to prevent solutes and water from passing freely through the paracellular space between epithelial or endothelial cell sheets. (wikipedia.org)
  • Many TJ proteins are known to tighten the cell structure and maintain a barrier. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Craniopharyngioma comprises 5%-10% of all childhood brain tumors and 1.2%-4.6% of brain tumors in adults (0.5-2.5 new cases per million population per year). (medscape.com)
  • This subtype is definitely most often triple-negative (lacking the estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER, PR) as well as lacking epidermal growth element 2 (manifestation is a property of claudin-low cells and tumors and correlates with markers of EMT and breast tumor stem cells. (isme-la2019.org)
  • Claudin-low tumors are primarily triple-negative invasive ductal carcinomas with a high rate of recurrence of metaplastic and medullary differentiation. (isme-la2019.org)
  • For this claudin-5 ELISA kit it is recommended that a standard curve is generated for each assay carried out. (elisakits.co.uk)
  • The tight junction (TJ) protein claudin-4 (CLDN4) is overexpressed in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC) and correlates with cancer progression. (mdpi.com)
  • Heterodimerization-dependent secretion of bone morphogenetic proteins in Drosophila. (unibas.ch)
  • In mouse development, permeable TJs become first restrictive to large molecules, and only later to small molecules, with claudin-5 proteins arrangement compacting during this maturation process. (iucc.ac.il)
  • Western Blot: Tight Junction Protein 2 Antibody [NBP1-86850] - Analysis in human cell lines A-431 and SK-MEL-30 using anti-TJP2 antibody. (novusbio.com)
  • Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: Tight Junction Protein 2 Antibody [NBP1-86850] - Green: CD31 Red: Tight Junction Protein 2 Blue: Nuclei. (novusbio.com)
  • Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Tight Junction Protein 2 Antibody [NBP1-86850] - Staining of human pancreas shows weak cytoplasmic psotivity in exocrine glandular cells. (novusbio.com)
  • Western Blot: Tight Junction Protein 2 Antibody [NBP1-86850] - Primary mouse lung endothelial cells treated with or without control IgG was blotted with the anti-TJP-2 antibody. (novusbio.com)
  • Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: Tight Junction Protein 2 Antibody [NBP1-86850] - Staining of human cell line U-2 OS shows positivity in plasma membrane, cytoplasm and cell junctions. (novusbio.com)
  • Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: Tight Junction Protein 2 Antibody [NBP1-86850] - Staining in primary mouse lung endothelial cells. (novusbio.com)
  • Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Tight Junction Protein 2 Antibody [NBP1-86850] - Staining of human testis shows strong membranous and cytoplasmic positivity in cells in seminiferous ducts. (novusbio.com)
  • Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Tight Junction Protein 2 Antibody [NBP1-86850] - Staining of human colon shows moderate cytoplasmic and membranous positivity in glandular cells. (novusbio.com)
  • Immunoprecipitation: Tight Junction Protein 2 Antibody [NBP1-86850] - HEK293 cells were lysed and immunoprecipitated wtih anti-TJP2 ab (NBP1-86850) and Protein A/G PLUS-Agarose. (novusbio.com)
  • Human IgG antibody Laboratories manufactures the claudin-5 antibody rabbit monoclonal reagents distributed by Genprice. (exoquick.com)
  • The Claudin-5 Antibody Rabbit Monoclonal reagent is RUO (Research Use Only) to test human serum or cell culture lab samples. (exoquick.com)
  • Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) induces cytolysis very rapidly through binding to its receptors, the tight junction proteins CLDN 3 and 4. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Recently, we found that vitamin D receptor (VDR) enhanced Claudin-2 expression in colon and that bile salt receptors VDR and Takeda G-protein coupled receptor5 (TGR5) were highly expressed in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and precancerous lesions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We conclude that Claudin-2 expression is significantly associated with bile acid receptors VDR and TGR5 expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Claudin-5: gatekeeper of neurological function. (elisakits.co.uk)
  • For example, intensive glycemic control could improve neurological outcomes, decrease the infection rate and reduce the LOS in the ICU [ 5 ] . (researchsquare.com)
  • In contrast to accepted knowledge, we found that in the developmental context, total levels of claudin-5 inversely correlate with TJ functionality. (iucc.ac.il)
  • The tight junctions protein Claudin-5 limits endothelial cell motility. (unibas.ch)
  • Knockdown of manifestation in claudin-low cell lines resulted in reduced cell viability, motility, clonogenicity, self-renewal, and reduced tumor growth of orthotopic xenografts. (isme-la2019.org)
  • Additionally, severity of loss in Claudin 4 expression was found to have a relation with distant metastasis. (medscimonit.com)
  • Additionally, it plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space. (exoquick.com)
  • 4 hours OGD + 23 hours RO exacerbated hyperpermeability, decreased expression levels of tight junction proteins, decreased cell viability, and increased caspase-3 expression. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Moreover, they exhibit exacerbated hyperpermeability, a loss of tight junction proteins, and increased expression of caspase-3 after OGD + RO. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Inflammasomes activation recruits ACS (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain) and the cysteine protease caspase 1 through caspase activation and recruitment domain (CARD) to induce the proteolytic cleavage of pro-caspase1 to generate mature and active caspase 1, which further process pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 to the final production of bioactive IL-1β and IL-18 proteins [ 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Similarly, adherence junctions (AJs) are more basal than TJs and are defined by their cytoplasmic face being linked to the actin cytoskeleton [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • 2010 ). Results from cav-1 (caveolin-1, the key structural protein of caveolae)-deficient mice indicated that cav-1 in endothelium is essential in the translocation of LDL-derived cholesterol into the vessel wall and in the development of atherosclerosis, and this result was further confirmed in apoE-/- mice (Fernandez-Hernando et al. (springer.com)
  • They are located in the gating loop as well as at the N and C termini which have been previously shown to be key structural features for enzyme activation (5 12 One specific gating loop mutant GAC.K325A both assembles into the superstructure and shows a 600-fold enhancement in catalytic efficiency toward l-glutamine even in the absence of phosphate. (colinsbraincancer.com)
  • The severe suppression of Claudin 1, 4, and 7 expression was found to be significantly related to the depth of tumor invasion, positive regional lymph nodes, histological grade, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, and lymphocytic response. (medscimonit.com)
  • Mechanistically, TBHQ activated Nrf2 effectively and selective Nrf2 knockdown significantly reduced the anti-ferroptotic functions of TBHQ in 5-FU-treated HIECs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It was significantly more highly-expressed in EAC, SCC and glandular lesions than in SE and more in EAC than in BE and CM. A significant association was found between Claudin-2 expression and VDR and TGR5 expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Magnesium is involved in nearly every aspect of biochemical metabolism (eg, DNA and protein synthesis, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation). (medscape.com)
  • The pathology is caused by a mutation in the huntingtin gene which results in the production of an abnormal protein, mutant huntingtin (mHtt). (bmj.com)
  • Claudin-2 forms gated paracellular channels and allows sodium ions and other small positively charged ions to cross between adjacent cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 1 mM in nasal ASL [ 8 ] and mean± sd 0.4±0.2 mM in the lower respiratory tract, 12.5 times lower than plasma concentrations, which are normally maintained at ∼5 mM [ 9 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • The TBHQ-treated mice showed reduced weight loss, a lower diarrhea score, and longer colons than the 5-FU-treated mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dysregulation or imbalance of the neonatal gut microbiota may lead to higher risk of diseases and long-term negative effects on host health [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CD45 (LCA, leukocyte common antigen) is a receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) ubiquitously expressed in all nucleated hematopoietic cells, comprising approximately 10% of all surface proteins in lymphocytes. (thermofisher.com)
  • Since peripheral resistance arteries play a key role in blood pressure regulation, we aimed to determine here the specific Ca2+ signaling mechanisms linked to the ET receptor-mediated vasoconstriction in resistance arteries and their selective regulation by protein kinase C (PKC), Rho kinase (RhoK), the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). (bvsalud.org)
  • The vasodilation neuropeptides, the expressions of substance P (SP) and its preferred binding neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) as well as claudin-5 of tight-junction proteins associated with BBB impairment were also assessed by Western blotting and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • The altered virome signature in GWI, decreased tight junction protein level was followed by the presence an activation of innate immune responses such as increased Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways. (nebraska.edu)
  • Furuse M, Sasaki H and Tsukita S: Manner of interaction of heterogeneous claudin species within and between tight junction strands. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • This protein is ubiquitously expressed and known to confer toxicity to multiple cell types. (bmj.com)
  • Vinculin controls endothelial cell junction dynamics during vascular lumen formation. (unibas.ch)
  • Our studies identify a novel role of a tight junction protein in the development and progression of esophageal mucosal metaplasia, dysplasia and carcinoma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Amazingly, treatment with an inhibitor of the NFB pathway reproducibly reduces manifestation and protein levels. (isme-la2019.org)
  • However, endothelium that has regenerated after percutaneous coronary intervention is incompetent in terms of its integrity and function, with poorly formed cell junctions, reduced expression of antithrombotic molecules, and decreased nitric oxide production. (nature.com)